JP2005272326A - Antiallergic agent, antipruritic agent and antibacterial agent - Google Patents

Antiallergic agent, antipruritic agent and antibacterial agent Download PDF

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JP2005272326A
JP2005272326A JP2004085643A JP2004085643A JP2005272326A JP 2005272326 A JP2005272326 A JP 2005272326A JP 2004085643 A JP2004085643 A JP 2004085643A JP 2004085643 A JP2004085643 A JP 2004085643A JP 2005272326 A JP2005272326 A JP 2005272326A
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antiallergic
action
extract
antibacterial
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Michitoku Kubo
道▲徳▼ 久保
Hideaki Matsuda
秀秋 松田
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A PHARMA KINDAI CO Ltd
PHARMA KINDAI CO Ltd A
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Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide an antiallergic agent hardly showing any adverse effect, an antipruritic agent, an antibacterial agent effective against drug-resistant bacteria and an antiallergic agent showing an antiallergic action, an antipruritic action and an antibacterial action. <P>SOLUTION: The antiallergic agent and the antibacterial agent effective against drug-resistant bacteria each comprises Calophyllum inophyllum or its extract as an active ingredient. The antipruritic agent comprises leaves of Calophyllum inophyllum or its extract as an active ingredient. The antiallergic agent showing an antiallergic action, an antipruritic action and an antibacterial action comprises Calophyllum inophyllum or its extract as an active ingredient. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2006,JPO&NCIPI

Description

本発明は、テリハボクを有効成分とする抗アレルギー剤、薬剤耐性菌に対する抗菌剤、及びテリハボクの葉を有効成分とする抗掻痒剤、並びにテリハボクを有効成分とする抗アレルギー作用、抗掻痒作用、抗菌作用を併せ持つ優れた抗アレルギー剤に関する。   The present invention relates to an antiallergic agent containing terihaboku as an active ingredient, an antibacterial agent against drug-resistant bacteria, an antipruritic agent containing terihaboku leaves as an active ingredient, and an antiallergic action, antipruritic action and antibacterial containing terihaboku The present invention relates to an excellent antiallergic agent having an action.

従来、抗アレルギー剤及び抗炎症剤としては、グルココルチコイド型の副腎皮質ホルモン剤や、インドメタシンなどの非ステロイド性抗炎症剤などが用いられている。しかしながら、ステロイドホルモン剤は抗アレルギー作用及び抗炎症作用を有するものの副作用が強いという問題があり、また、インドメタシンなどは抗炎症作用のみを有するため抗アレルギー剤としては有用でなかった。
従って、副作用が少なく、優れた抗アレルギー作用を有する経口投与可能な薬剤が望まれていた。
Conventionally, as antiallergic agents and anti-inflammatory agents, glucocorticoid-type corticosteroid agents, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents such as indomethacin, and the like have been used. However, steroid hormone agents have anti-allergic and anti-inflammatory effects, but have a problem of strong side effects. Indomethacin and the like have only anti-inflammatory effects, and thus are not useful as anti-allergic agents.
Therefore, an orally administrable drug having few side effects and having an excellent antiallergic action has been desired.

さらに、アトピー性皮膚炎、接触性皮膚炎などの皮膚アレルギー性疾患罹患時には痒みを伴うことが多く、掻く行為がその原疾患を増悪させることがしばしばある。皮膚掻痒は生体にとって厄介な問題で、種々の原因に由来するが、その発症原因は必ずしも明らかにされているわけではない。対症療法として、抗掻痒剤が局所的には外用剤として種々用いられている。抗掻痒剤はその種類も多く、掻痒に対してのみ有効のものもあるが、むしろアレルギー、網内系、植物神経あるいは内分泌系に影響し、さらに消炎効果の結果、痒みを軽減させるものが多い。   Furthermore, it often involves itch when suffering from skin allergic diseases such as atopic dermatitis and contact dermatitis, and the scratching action often exacerbates the original disease. Skin pruritus is a troublesome problem for the living body and originates from various causes, but the cause of its onset is not necessarily clarified. As a symptomatic treatment, various antipruritic agents are locally used as external preparations. There are many types of anti-pruritic agents, some of which are effective only against pruritus, but rather affect allergies, reticuloendothelial system, plant nerves or endocrine system, and more often reduce itching as a result of anti-inflammatory effect. .

しかし、インドメタシンのごとくプロスタグランジン合成阻害を機序とする消炎剤ではむしろ痒みを憎悪させるという報告がある。日常汎用されている抗掻痒剤には抗ヒスタミン剤があるが、他に抗プラスミン剤、SH系製剤(還元グルタチオン、チオ硫酸ナトリウムなど)、ビタミン剤(B群)、ホルモン剤、植物神経遮断剤、肝機能亢進剤などがある。しかし、これらのものも抗掻痒剤として十分に満足できる治療効果が得られていない。 However, there is a report that an anti-inflammatory agent whose mechanism is inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis, such as indomethacin, rather hates itching. Anti-pruritic agents that are widely used every day include antihistamines, but other anti-plasmin agents, SH preparations (reduced glutathione, sodium thiosulfate, etc.), vitamin agents (group B 2 ), hormone agents, plant nerve blockers, Examples include liver function enhancers. However, these treatments have not been sufficiently satisfactory as antipruritic agents.

又、アトピー性皮膚炎の発症原因はアレルギー反応で、この治療薬としてステロイド剤が汎用されている。一度発症すると、痒みを伴う発疹によりその部位を掻くことになるが、掻く行為によって感染症(主に黄色ブドウ球菌による皮膚感染症)が惹起される。そこで、抗生剤が用いられることになるが、ステロイド剤、抗生剤を長期連用すると、黄色ブドウ球菌が耐性化し、通常の抗菌剤では効果がなくなり、ますます、治癒することが困難になってくる。   The onset of atopic dermatitis is an allergic reaction, and steroids are widely used as therapeutic agents. Once it develops, the site is scratched by a rash with itching, but an infection (mainly a skin infection caused by Staphylococcus aureus) is caused by the scratching action. Therefore, antibiotics will be used, but if steroids and antibiotics are used for a long time, Staphylococcus aureus will become resistant, ordinary antibacterial agents will be ineffective, and it will become increasingly difficult to cure. .

そこで、副作用が少なく、抗アレルギー、抗掻痒、抗菌作用を有する経口投与可能な薬剤が望まれていた。
かかる実情において、本発明者等は、テリハボクに注目した。現在、テリハボクに関しては下記のような研究がなされている。
Therefore, an orally administrable drug having few side effects and having antiallergic, antipruritic and antibacterial actions has been desired.
In such a situation, the present inventors paid attention to Terihaboku. Currently, the following research has been conducted on Terihaboku.

1.テリハボクの植物分類学的研究
テリハボクは、オトギリソウ科のCalophyllum inophyllumで、所により照葉木、タマナノキ、ヤラボ、タマナとも呼ばれる。欧米ではAlexandrian laurelとも呼ばれ、アユルヴェーダ医学にも記載があるこの植物は、ポリネシア一帯の伝承医療薬として用いられ、神の宿る樹として聖域に祭られていたようである。
1. Plant taxonomic study of Terihaboku Terihaboku is Calophyllum inophyllum of the Hypericumaceae family, and is sometimes called laurel, linden, yalab, and Tamana. In Europe and America, this plant, also called Alexandrian laurel, and described in Ayurvedic medicine, was used as a traditional medicine in Polynesia, and seems to have been sacred to the sanctuary as a tree inhabited by God.

2.テリハボクの民族薬物学的研究
種子の油;民族薬物としては主に、その種子から得られる油が痒み止め、白癬、鼻カタル、にきびや汗疹、あらゆる火傷、創傷、打撲傷、古傷、皮膚病、らい病由来の神経炎、化膿傷、リウマチ、関節痛、不眠症に用いられている。ハワイでは伝統的マッサージ(lomi-lomi)の際に、マッサージオイルとして使用されている。また、内服薬として肺疾患の治療にも使われているようである。外傷に用いると傷跡の回復が良いようである。
2. Ethipharmacological study of Terihaboku Seed oil; oils obtained from the seeds are mainly used to prevent itching, ringworm, nasal catarrh, acne and sweat, all kinds of burns, wounds, bruises, old wounds, skin diseases, leprosy It is used for disease-related neuritis, suppuration, rheumatism, joint pain, and insomnia. It is used as a massage oil in Hawaii during traditional massage (lomi-lomi). In addition, it seems to be used for the treatment of lung diseases as an internal medicine. When used for trauma, the scar seems to recover.

葉;葉も薬用に供され、水に浸した汁が眼の炎症に使われている。フィリピンでは痔の薬としても使用されているようである。浸剤は熱射病の治療に内服され、また外傷に温シップとして用いられている。片頭痛、めまいの治療に吸入薬としても使われている。葉を柔らかくなるまで加熱したものは皮膚潰瘍、火傷、切り傷、疼痛、あばたに使用され、茹でた汁は発疹、皮膚炎、下肢の潰瘍にも使用されているようである。   Leaves: Leaves are also used for medicinal purposes, and juices soaked in water are used for eye inflammation. It seems to be used as acupuncture medicine in the Philippines. Soaking agents are used to treat heat stroke and are used as a warm ship for trauma. It is also used as an inhaler for the treatment of migraine and dizziness. Heated leaves until tender are used for skin ulcers, burns, cuts, pain, and scabs, and boiled juice appears to be used for rashes, dermatitis, and ulcers of the lower extremities.

その他の部位;木皮の汁を瀉下薬としたり、淋病に応用され、またこれをライム果汁と混ぜ、臭汗症に、成熟果実が殺鼠剤に、樹液と硫黄を混ぜたものが火傷、傷の塗り薬として使われている。   Other parts; bark juice used as a laxative, applied to gonorrhea, mixed with lime juice, odor sweaty, mature fruit used as rodenticide, mixed with sap and sulfur used to burn or scratch It is used as.

3.テリハボクの化学的研究
葉からはtriterpene類であるfriedelinとcanophyllal、canophyllol、canophyllic acid、inophyllum類が得られている。種子からはcalophylloide、dehydrocycloguanidin、calophylin-B、jacareubin、6-deoxyjacareubinが得られている。油や木皮には安息香酸が含有されている。
3. Chemical study of Terihaboku The friedelin and canophyllal, canophyllol, canophyllic acid and inophyllum are obtained from the leaves. Calophylloide, dehydrocycloguanidin, calophylin-B, jacareubin and 6-deoxyjacareubin are obtained from the seeds. Oils and bark contain benzoic acid.

4.テリハボクの薬理学的研究
薬理学的研究としては、inophyllum類(特にinophyllum-B、P)に抗HIV作用、calophylloide類に抗炎症、抗関節炎、抗菌作用、dehydrocycloguanidin、calophylin-B、jacareubin、6-deoxyjacareubinに中枢神経抑制、抗炎症、抗血液凝固作用、calocoumarin-Aに抗癌作用が報告されている。
4). Pharmacological studies of Terihabok Pharmacological studies include anti-HIV activity on inophyllums (especially inophyllum-B, P), anti-inflammatory activity on calophylloides, anti-arthritis, antibacterial activity, dehydrocycloguanidin, calophylin-B, jacareubin, 6- Deoxyjacareubin has been reported to inhibit central nervous system, anti-inflammatory, anti-coagulant action, and calocoumarin-A has anti-cancer action.

又、テリハボクは、液状脂肪相として使用されたり(例えば、特許文献1)乳化剤に使用する脂肪に使用されたり(例えば、特許文献2)、マトリックスメタロプロテアーゼの活性を阻害して皮膚の老化の予防や改善に使用されたり(例えば、特許文献3)している。   Terihaboku is used as a liquid fatty phase (for example, Patent Document 1) or used for fat used as an emulsifier (for example, Patent Document 2), and inhibits the activity of matrix metalloprotease to prevent skin aging. Or used for improvement (for example, Patent Document 3).

特開2000−178126([0033])JP2000-178126 ([0033]) 特開2000−309507([0016])JP 2000-309507 ([0016]) 特開2001−192317([0008])JP2001-192317 ([0008])

かかる実情において、本発明者らは、鋭意研究を行った結果、テリハボクあるいはその抽出物が、副作用が少なく抗アレルギー、抗掻痒、薬剤耐性菌に対する抗菌作用、及びそれらの3つの作用を併せ持つ優れた経口投与可能な抗アレルギー作用を有することを見出し、本発明を完成した。
そこで、本発明の目的は、副作用がほとんどない抗アレルギー剤、抗掻痒剤、薬剤耐性菌に対する抗菌剤、かつ抗アレルギー、抗掻痒、抗菌作用を併せ持つ抗アレルギー剤を提供することである。
Under such circumstances, the present inventors have conducted intensive research, and as a result, Terihaboku or its extract has excellent anti-allergy, anti-pruritus, antibacterial activity against drug-resistant bacteria, and the above-mentioned three effects with few side effects. It has been found that it has an antiallergic action that can be administered orally, and has completed the present invention.
Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to provide an antiallergic agent, an antipruritic agent, an antibacterial agent against drug-resistant bacteria, and an antiallergic agent having both antiallergic, antipruritic and antibacterial effects, which have almost no side effects.

前記目的を達成するため、本発明の抗アレルギー剤は、テリハボク、又はその抽出物を有効成分とするものである。   In order to achieve the above object, the antiallergic agent of the present invention comprises Terihaboku or an extract thereof as an active ingredient.

又、本発明の抗掻痒剤は、テリハボクの葉、又はその抽出物を有効成分とするものである。   The anti-pruritic agent of the present invention comprises terihaboku leaves or an extract thereof as an active ingredient.

又、本発明の薬剤耐性菌に対する抗菌剤は、テリハボク、又はその抽出物を有効成分とするものである。   Moreover, the antibacterial agent with respect to the drug-resistant microbe of this invention uses Terihaboku or its extract as an active ingredient.

又、本発明の抗アレルギー剤は、テリハボク、又はその抽出物を有効成分とする抗アレルギー作用、抗菌作用、抗掻痒作用を併せ持つ抗アレルギー剤である。   Further, the antiallergic agent of the present invention is an antiallergic agent having both antiallergic action, antibacterial action, and antipruritic action, which contains Terihaboku or an extract thereof as an active ingredient.

テリハボクから単離されたinophyllum類(特にinophyllum-B、P)に抗HIV作用、calophylloide類に抗炎症、抗関節炎、抗菌作用、dehydrocycloguanidin、calophylin-B、jacareubin、6-deoxyjacareubinに中枢神経抑制、抗炎症、抗血液凝固作用、calocoumarin-Aに抗癌作用が報告されているが、抗アレルギー作用、薬剤耐性菌に対する抗菌作用、及び抗掻痒作用は知られていない。
さらに、テリハボクの種子油が民族薬物学的に痒み止めに使用されているが、テリハボクの葉に抗掻痒作用があることは知られていない。
Anti-HIV activity against inophyllums (especially inophyllum-B, P) isolated from Terihaboku, anti-inflammation, anti-arthritis, antibacterial activity against calophylloides, central nervous system inhibition against dehydrocycloguanidin, calophylin-B, jacareubin, 6-deoxyjacareubin Inflammation, anticoagulant action, and anticancer action have been reported for calocoumarin-A, but antiallergic action, antibacterial action against drug-resistant bacteria, and antipruritic action are not known.
Furthermore, Terihaboku seed oil is used for anti-itching ethnopharmacologically, but it is not known that Terihaboku leaves have anti-pruritic action.

このように本発明は、優れた抗アレルギー作用、薬剤耐性菌に対する抗菌作用、及び抗掻痒作用を有し、しかも安全性も高いため、アレルギー性鼻炎、アレルギー性結膜炎、アトピー性皮膚炎、湿疹皮膚炎、蕁麻疹、急性または慢性結膜炎、気管支炎、痒み、かぶれなどの治療剤に有用である。   As described above, the present invention has an excellent antiallergic action, antibacterial action against drug-resistant bacteria, and antipruritic action, and also has high safety. Therefore, allergic rhinitis, allergic conjunctivitis, atopic dermatitis, eczema skin It is useful as a therapeutic agent for inflammation, urticaria, acute or chronic conjunctivitis, bronchitis, itching and rash.

さらに、テリハボクの抽出物は、そのままあるいは種々の投与形態で投与することができる。本発明の抗アレルギー剤、抗菌剤及び抗掻痒剤の投与形態については特に制限はなく、錠剤、カプセル剤、顆粒剤、散剤、液剤などの経口剤や、注射剤、外用剤、坐剤、吸入剤、点鼻剤、点眼剤、軟膏剤、貼付剤などの非経口剤のいずれによっても投与することができる。   Further, the Terihaboku extract can be administered as it is or in various dosage forms. There are no particular restrictions on the dosage form of the antiallergic agent, antibacterial agent and antipruritic agent of the present invention, and oral agents such as tablets, capsules, granules, powders, liquids, injections, external preparations, suppositories, inhalation It can be administered by any of parenteral agents such as an agent, a nasal drop, an eye drop, an ointment, a patch.

以下、本発明の製造例及び実験例を記述する。
(製造例)
本発明においては、この植物を構成する部位全てまたは葉、茎、根、花などの一部をそのまま用いることができ、これらを乾燥した後、粉砕して粉末にして用いることもできる。
Hereinafter, production examples and experimental examples of the present invention will be described.
(Production example)
In the present invention, all the parts constituting this plant or a part of leaves, stems, roots, flowers and the like can be used as they are, and these can be dried and then pulverized to be used as a powder.

また、本発明において、抽出物を得る方法としては、例えばこの植物の果実、葉、根、根茎、茎、花などを水及び/または親水性有機溶媒を用いて抽出して抽出液を得る方法がある。さらに、このような抽出液から凍結乾燥、噴霧乾燥、減圧留去などにより粉末を得る方法などが挙げられる。 In the present invention, the method for obtaining the extract is, for example, a method for obtaining an extract by extracting the fruits, leaves, roots, rhizomes, stems, flowers, etc. of this plant using water and / or a hydrophilic organic solvent. There is. Furthermore, a method of obtaining a powder from such an extract by freeze-drying, spray-drying, distillation under reduced pressure or the like can be mentioned.

親水性有機溶媒としては、例えばメタノール、エタノールなどの炭素数1〜4の低級アルコール、アセトン、などが挙げられる。特にエタノールが好ましい。これらの溶媒は単独でも、2種以上を組み合わせて使用してもよく。また、水とこれらの親水性有機溶媒を混合して使用してもよい。好ましい抽出溶媒としては、含水アルコールが挙げられ、特に含水エタノールが好ましい。これらの抽出溶媒の使用量は特に制限されないが、例えばエキス剤、チンキ剤などを製する際に用いられる冷浸法、温浸法、パーコレーション法などを適用することができる。   As a hydrophilic organic solvent, C1-C4 lower alcohols, such as methanol and ethanol, acetone, etc. are mentioned, for example. Ethanol is particularly preferable. These solvents may be used alone or in combination of two or more. Moreover, you may mix and use water and these hydrophilic organic solvents. A preferable extraction solvent includes hydrous alcohol, and hydrous ethanol is particularly preferred. The amount of these extraction solvents to be used is not particularly limited, and for example, a cold immersion method, a digestion method, a percolation method and the like used for producing an extract agent, a tincture agent and the like can be applied.

さらに、この粉末、又は抽出物に、必要に応じて製剤学的に受容可能な添加物(例えば、賦形剤、界面活性剤等)を加えることにより薬剤を製造することが出来る。   Furthermore, a drug can be produced by adding pharmaceutically acceptable additives (for example, excipients, surfactants, etc.) to this powder or extract as necessary.

(実験例1)
テリハボクの3相性皮膚反応に及ぼす影響
実験方法1.実験動物はICR系雌性マウス(体重24-26 g)を用いた。
2.DNFB誘発アトピー性皮膚炎試験
1) ジニトロフェニル化卵白アルブミン(DNP-OVA)の作成;卵白アルブミン(EWA)およびK2CO3を各2 gずつ100 mlの水に溶解し、この溶液に2 gのdinitrobezenesulfonic acid sodium saltを加え、遮光下で37℃にて、24時間スターラーで攪拌する。得られた反応液を水で2日間透析後、その内液を凍結乾燥した。
(Experimental example 1)
Effect of Terihaboku on the triphasic skin reaction Experimental method 1. As experimental animals, ICR female mice (body weight 24-26 g) were used.
2. DNFB-induced atopic dermatitis test
1) Preparation of dinitrophenylated ovalbumin (DNP-OVA); 2 g each of ovalbumin (EWA) and K 2 CO 3 were dissolved in 100 ml of water, and 2 g of dinitrobezenesulfonic acid sodium salt was added to this solution. Stir with a stirrer at 37 ° C. for 24 hours in the dark. The obtained reaction solution was dialyzed against water for 2 days, and the internal solution was lyophilized.

2) DNFB誘発3相性皮膚反応試験;ICR系雌性マウスにaluminum hydroxide gel 1 mgとDNP-OVA 10μgを含む生理食塩液0.2 mlを腹腔内投与し、能動的に感作した。その1週間後、0.1% DNFBを両耳の表裏に10μlずつ塗布した。その翌日に再度感作し、1週間後に反応を惹起させた。耳介の厚さは反応惹起前および惹起後1、24時間および8日後をdial thickness gaugeを用いて測定し、耳介浮腫率として算定した。また、掻痒行動の観察は反応惹起から1時間観察した。なお、被検体は反応惹起1時間前および惹起2日後から8日後まで連日経口投与した。   2) DNFB-induced triphasic skin reaction test: ICR female mice were actively sensitized by intraperitoneal administration of 0.2 ml of physiological saline containing 1 mg of aluminum hydroxide gel and 10 μg of DNP-OVA. One week later, 10 μl of 0.1% DNFB was applied to the front and back of both ears. The next day, sensitization was performed again, and a reaction was elicited one week later. The thickness of the auricle was measured using a dial thickness gauge before the reaction was initiated and after 1, 24 hours and 8 days after the reaction, and was calculated as the auricular edema rate. The pruritus behavior was observed for 1 hour after the reaction was triggered. The subject was orally administered every day from 1 hour before the reaction was initiated and from 2 days to 8 days after the initiation.

3.被検体の調製
パラオ共和国で採取したテリハボクを乾燥後、粉砕し、その10倍量の50%エタノールで熱時抽出したもの。
実験結果
マウスにDNFB誘発3相性皮膚反応を惹起させたところ、1時間後(即時相;IPR)、24時間後(遅発相;LPR)および8日後(超遅発相;vLPR)にピークを示す3相性の耳浮腫が観察された。また、IPRにおいては引っ掻き行動(痒み)が観察されたので、その回数を観察した。
3. Preparation of specimen Terihaboku collected in the Republic of Palau, dried, crushed, and extracted with 10 times the amount of 50% ethanol when heated.
Experimental results When mice were induced to induce DNFB-induced triphasic skin reaction, they peaked at 1 hour (immediate phase; IPR), 24 hours (late phase; LPR), and 8 days (very late phase; vLPR). The shown triphasic ear edema was observed. In addition, scratching (itching) was observed in IPR, and the number of times was observed.

その結果、テリハボクエキスにはIPRにおける引っ掻き行動、IPR、LPR、vLPRの耳浮腫を有意に抑制する作用が認められた。1相目(即時相、IPR)の耳浮腫は、肥満細胞から遊離されるヒスタミンなどのケミカルメディエータにより惹起され、2相目(遅発相、LPR)は、種々のサイトカインが引き金となって惹起される炎症だといわれている。また、vLPRは顕著な好酸球の浸潤が認められる反応で、これは、アトピー性皮膚炎罹患者にみられる病理像と類似している。   As a result, Terihaboku extract was found to significantly inhibit the scratching behavior of IPR and IPR, LPR, and vLPR ear edema. The first phase (immediate phase, IPR) ear edema is caused by chemical mediators such as histamine released from mast cells, and the second phase (late phase, LPR) is triggered by various cytokines. It is said to be inflammation. In addition, vLPR is a reaction in which significant infiltration of eosinophils is observed, which is similar to a pathological image seen in individuals with atopic dermatitis.

Figure 2005272326
Figure 2005272326

Figure 2005272326
Figure 2005272326

Figure 2005272326
Figure 2005272326

Figure 2005272326
Figure 2005272326

(実験例2)
Compound 48/80誘発肥満細胞からのHistamine遊離抑制作用
テリハボクの抗掻痒作用を痒みの惹起と密接に関係しているマスト細胞からのヒスタミン遊離抑制試験を指標に検討した。
(Experimental example 2)
Inhibition of Histamine Release from Mast Cells Induced by Compound 48/80 The antipruritic action of Terihaboku was examined using the histamine release inhibition test from mast cells, which is closely related to the induction of itching.

被検体の調製:乾燥したテリハボクの葉あるいは枝を細切後、10倍量の70%メタノールで熱時2時間抽出を1回行い、ろ紙にてろ過した後、減圧下濃縮し凍結乾燥を施した。得られたそれぞれのエキスを被検体として実験に供した。   Preparation of specimen: After chopping dried terihaboku leaves or branches, extract 10 times with 70% methanol once for 2 hours while heating, filter with filter paper, concentrate under reduced pressure and freeze-dry did. Each obtained extract was used as an object for the experiment.

実験方法
1.ラット腹腔肥満細胞の調製;Wistar系雄性ラットからの腹腔肥満細胞の分離はUvnasらの方法に準じた。すなわち、ラットを断頭しゃ血後、ただちにHank's液(10 U/mlのheparin含有)10 mlを腹腔内に注入した。約90秒間腹部を静かにマッサージした後、腹腔内液を採取し、40% ficoll溶液に静かに重層し、室温で30分間放置後、5℃、1200 rpm、10分間遠心分離し、ficoll層上の肥満細胞を集めた。この肥満細胞をリン酸緩衝液(PBS、pH 7.0)に懸濁させ、遠心分離による洗浄を4回繰り返し、再びPBSに浮遊(2.9×106 cells/ml)させた。この浮遊液中の肥満細胞含有率は85〜90%で、生存率はtoluidine blue(0.1%、50% ethanol溶液)染色法で90%以上を確認した。
Experimental method Preparation of rat peritoneal mast cells; Isolation of peritoneal mast cells from Wistar male rats was performed according to the method of Uvnas et al. That is, 10 ml of Hank's solution (containing 10 U / ml of heparin) was injected into the abdominal cavity immediately after decapitation of rats. Gently massage the abdomen for about 90 seconds, then collect the intraperitoneal fluid, layer it gently on 40% ficoll solution, leave it at room temperature for 30 minutes, and centrifuge at 5 ° C, 1200 rpm for 10 minutes. Collected mast cells. The mast cells were suspended in a phosphate buffer (PBS, pH 7.0), washed by centrifugation four times, and resuspended in PBS (2.9 × 10 6 cells / ml). The content of mast cells in this suspension was 85 to 90%, and the survival rate was confirmed to be 90% or more by toluidine blue (0.1%, 50% ethanol solution) staining method.

2.肥満細胞からのHistamine遊離量の測定;肥満細胞浮遊液1.8 mlを37℃、10分間preincubation後、被検液(PBS溶解)0.1 mlを加え、5分間incubationし、さらにcompound 48/80(最終濃度 10 μg/ml)0.1 mlを加えて10分間incubationした。氷冷により反応を停止し、5℃、1200 rpm、5分間遠心分離後、上清中のhistamine量をShoreの方法に準じて測定した。   2. Measurement of Histamine release from mast cells: After preincubation of 1.8 ml of mast cell suspension for 10 minutes at 37 ° C, add 0.1 ml of test solution (PBS dissolved), incubate for 5 minutes, and then compound 48/80 (final concentration) 10 μg / ml) 0.1 ml was added and incubated for 10 minutes. The reaction was stopped by cooling with ice, centrifuged at 5 ° C., 1200 rpm for 5 minutes, and the amount of histamine in the supernatant was measured according to the method of Shore.

すなわち、上清0.7 mlにH2O 1.4 ml、1N NaOH溶液0.4 ml、1% o-phtaldialdehyde-methanol溶液0.1 mlを加えて4分間放置後、3N HCl溶液0.2 mlで反応を停止させる。反応終了10分後に5℃、3000 rpm、5分間遠心分離を行い、上清および沈渣を得た.上清の蛍光は励起波長360 nm、蛍光波長450 nmで測定し、既知濃度のhistamine検量線から上清中histamine量を求めた。また、肥満細胞に残存するhistamine量は沈渣にPBS 2mlを加え、超音波処理、更に凍結融解法で肥満細胞からhistamineを遊離させ、上記と同様の方法で測定した。Compound 48/80によるhistamine遊離率(histamine release %)は次式によって算出した。 That is, 1.4 ml of H 2 O, 0.4 ml of 1N NaOH solution and 0.1 ml of 1% o-phtaldialdehyde-methanol solution are added to 0.7 ml of the supernatant and left for 4 minutes, and then the reaction is stopped with 0.2 ml of 3N HCl solution. Ten minutes after the completion of the reaction, centrifugation was performed at 5 ° C. and 3000 rpm for 5 minutes to obtain a supernatant and a sediment. The supernatant fluorescence was measured at an excitation wavelength of 360 nm and a fluorescence wavelength of 450 nm, and the amount of histamine in the supernatant was determined from a histamine calibration curve with a known concentration. Further, the amount of histamine remaining in the mast cells was measured by the same method as described above by adding 2 ml of PBS to the sediment, sonicating the histamine from the mast cells by freezing and thawing, and then freezing and thawing. The histamine release rate (histamine release%) by Compound 48/80 was calculated by the following formula.

Histamine release %=(histamine released with compound 48/80−spontaneously released histamine)/total histamine×100
Inhibition %=(% histamine release without test substance−% histamine release with test substance)/% histamine release without test substance×100
Histamine release% = (histamine released with compound 48 / 80−spontaneously released histamine) / total histamine × 100
Inhibition% = (% histamine release without test substance−% histamine release with test substance) /% histamine release without test substance × 100

実験結果
その結果は表1に示したごとく、ラット腹腔内マスト細胞にcompound 48/80を作用させたところ、マスト細胞からヒスタミンが76.9±2.4%遊離した。陽性対照薬のsodium cromoglycate(SCG)は500 μg/mlの濃度で抑制作用を示した。被検体も500 μg/mlで抑制作用を示した。
Experimental Results As shown in Table 1, when compound 48/80 was allowed to act on rat peritoneal mast cells, histamine was released by 76.9 ± 2.4% from the mast cells. The positive control drug sodium cromoglycate (SCG) showed an inhibitory effect at a concentration of 500 μg / ml. The subject also showed an inhibitory effect at 500 μg / ml.

Figure 2005272326
Figure 2005272326

Compound 48/80誘発引っ掻き行動に及ぼす影響(抗掻痒作用)
テリハボクの抗掻痒作用をcompound 48/80誘発引っ掻きモデルを用いて検討した。
Effect on compound 48 / 80-induced scratching behavior (anti-pruritic action)
The anti-pruritic effect of Terihaboku was examined using a compound 48 / 80-induced scratch model.

実験方法
被検体エキスの調製;乾燥したテリハボクの葉を細切後、10倍量の70%メタノールで熱時2時間抽出を1回行い、ろ紙にてろ過した後、減圧下濃縮し凍結乾燥を施した。得られたそれぞれのエキスを被検体として実験に供した.エキス収率は20.1%であった。
Experimental method Preparation of specimen extract; after chopping dried terihaboku leaves, extract once with hot 70% methanol for 2 hours, filter with filter paper, concentrate under reduced pressure and freeze-dry gave. Each of the obtained extracts was used for the experiment. The extract yield was 20.1%.

実験動物;ddY系雄性マウス(体重26〜28 g)を用いた。   Experimental animals: ddY male mice (26-28 g body weight) were used.

実験方法;18時間絶食したddY系雄性マウスに被検体を経口投与し、その1時間後、マウス背部に48/80生理食塩液0.1 mlを皮下注射し、引っ掻き行動を惹起させた。後肢で注射部位を引っ掻く行動を掻痒行動とし、注射直後から10分間、その引っ掻き行動の回数を求めた。なお、陽性対照薬としてdiphenhydramineを用いた。   Experimental method: The subject was orally administered to ddY male mice fasted for 18 hours, and 1 hour later, 0.1 ml of 48/80 physiological saline was subcutaneously injected to the back of the mice to induce scratching behavior. The action of scratching the injection site with the hind limb was regarded as an itching action, and the number of scratching actions was determined for 10 minutes immediately after the injection. In addition, diphenhydramine was used as a positive control drug.

結果;その結果は表2に示したごとく、48/80生理食塩液をマウスの背部皮下に投与したところ、対照群で52.1±5.4回の引っ掻き行動が認められた。陽性対照薬であるdiphenhydramineは50 mg/kgの用量でcompound 48/80による引っ掻き行動を有意に抑制した。テリハボクエキスは500 mg/kgの用量でこの引っ掻き行動を有意に抑制した。   Results: As shown in Table 2, when 48/80 physiological saline was subcutaneously administered to the back of the mouse, 52.1 ± 5.4 scratching behaviors were observed in the control group. Diphenhydramine, a positive control drug, significantly inhibited scratching by compound 48/80 at a dose of 50 mg / kg. Terihaboku extract significantly suppressed this scratching behavior at a dose of 500 mg / kg.

Figure 2005272326
Figure 2005272326

アトピー性皮膚炎患者由来黄色ブドウ球菌に対する抗菌作用
アトピー性皮膚炎はアトピー素因を持ち、掻痒を伴う湿疹を主病変とし、増悪と寛解を繰り返すアレルギー性皮膚疾患である。その発症要因のひとつに環境汚染や食品添加物の使用、化学繊維の着用、ストレスなどが挙げられている。この疾患の薬物療法としてステロイド剤が汎用されている。ステロイド剤はアトピー性皮膚炎を短時間で劇的に好転させる反面、副作用やリバウンドに問題がある。ステロイド剤ほどの効果が得られなくても、副作用が少なく、抗アレルギー作用、抗炎症作用があり、しかも原疾患を増悪させる一要因である掻痒や感染症に対する治療効果、保湿効果などの幅広い活性のある素材が天然物資源に求められている。
Antibacterial action against Staphylococcus aureus derived from patients with atopic dermatitis Atopic dermatitis is an allergic skin disease with atopic predisposition, eczema with pruritus as the main lesion, and repeated exacerbations and remissions. One of the causes is environmental pollution, the use of food additives, wearing chemical fibers, and stress. Steroids are widely used as pharmacotherapy for this disease. Steroids dramatically improve atopic dermatitis in a short time, but have problems with side effects and rebound. Even if it is not as effective as a steroid, it has few side effects, has anti-allergic and anti-inflammatory effects, and has a wide range of activities such as pruritus and infectious diseases, which are factors that exacerbate the underlying disease, and moisturizing effects. There is a demand for natural product resources.

なかでも、アトピー性皮膚炎は掻痒が伴うことが多く、その掻痒行動により感染症が惹起され、原疾患がより増悪することが多いといわれる。その主病原菌は黄色ブドウ球菌(黄ブ菌)といわれ、この菌が二次感染あるいはアトピー性皮膚炎の増悪因子と考えられている。よって、アトピー性皮膚炎の治療手段のひとつとして除菌療法が取り入れられている。そこで、Staphylococcus aureus JCM 2151および医療機関でアトピー性皮膚炎と診断された患者の皮膚病変部から採取した臨床分離菌株に対するテリハボクの抗菌作用について検討した。   Among them, atopic dermatitis is often accompanied by pruritus, and it is said that the pruritus behavior often causes infection and worsens the primary disease. The main pathogenic bacterium is said to be S. aureus (S. aureus), and this bacterium is considered to be an exacerbation factor of secondary infection or atopic dermatitis. Therefore, sterilization therapy is adopted as one of the treatment methods for atopic dermatitis. Therefore, we examined the antibacterial activity of Terihaboku against Staphylococcus aureus JCM 2151 and clinical isolates collected from skin lesions of patients diagnosed with atopic dermatitis at medical institutions.

実験方法
被検体エキスの調製;乾燥したテリハボクの葉を細切後、10倍量の70%メタノールで熱時2時間抽出を1回行い、ろ紙にてろ過した後、減圧下濃縮し凍結乾燥を施した。得られたエキスを被検体として実験に供した。エキス収率は20.1%であった。
Experimental method Preparation of specimen extract; after chopping dried terihaboku leaves, extract once with hot 70% methanol for 2 hours, filter with filter paper, concentrate under reduced pressure and freeze-dry gave. The obtained extract was used as an object for the experiment. The extract yield was 20.1%.

実験菌株;Staphylococcus aureus JCM 2151は理化学研究所微生物系統保存施設より入手し、標準菌株として用いた。医療機関でアトピー性皮膚炎と診断された患者の皮膚病変部から採取した臨床分離菌株(A、B)は、EssersとRadeboldやPascoliらの方法によってS. aureusと同定した。   Experimental strain; Staphylococcus aureus JCM 2151 was obtained from RIKEN Microbial System Storage Facility and used as a standard strain. A clinical isolate (A, B) collected from the skin lesion of a patient diagnosed with atopic dermatitis at a medical institution was identified as S. aureus by the method of Essers, Radebold, and Pascoli et al.

抗菌活性試験;抗菌試験はStaphylococcus Medium 110を用いたペーパーディスク拡散法で行った。陽性対照薬としてオキシテトラサイクリン(OTC)を用いた。被検体は滅菌精製水に溶解させ、径8 mmのペーパーディスク(Toyo Roshi Kaisha、 Ltd.、 Japan)に25 μl滴下した。37℃、24時間培養後、阻止円の直径を測定した。   Antibacterial activity test: The antibacterial test was conducted by a paper disk diffusion method using Staphylococcus Medium 110. Oxytetracycline (OTC) was used as a positive control. The specimen was dissolved in sterilized purified water, and 25 μl was dropped onto an 8 mm diameter paper disc (Toyo Roshi Kaisha, Ltd., Japan). After incubation at 37 ° C. for 24 hours, the diameter of the inhibition circle was measured.

Figure 2005272326
Figure 2005272326

結果
A氏、B氏の皮膚から単離培養した黄色ブドウ球菌に対してOTCは、A氏に対しては抗菌作用を示したが、B氏由来の黄色ブドウ球菌に対してはまったく効果がなかった。しかし、テリハボクの葉エキスは両氏由来の黄色ブドウ球菌に対して強い抗菌作用を示した。
result
OTC showed antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus isolated and cultured from Mr. A and Mr. B skin, but had no effect against Staphylococcus aureus from Mr. B . However, Terihaboku leaf extract showed strong antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus from both men.

以上より、今回アトピー性皮膚炎患者から単離された黄色ブドウ球菌は薬剤耐性化している可能性が強く示唆されるとともに、OTCが抗菌作用を示さなかった患者菌に対してもテリハボクエキスが抗菌作用を示した。
The above results strongly suggest that the Staphylococcus aureus isolated from atopic dermatitis patients may be resistant to drugs, and Terihaboku extract is antibacterial against patient bacteria for which OTC did not exhibit antibacterial activity. The effect was shown.

Claims (4)

テリハボク、又はその抽出物を有効成分とすることを特徴とする抗アレルギー剤。   An antiallergic agent characterized by containing Terihaboku or an extract thereof as an active ingredient. テリハボクの葉、又はその抽出物を有効成分とすることを特徴とする抗掻痒剤。   An anti-pruritic agent comprising terihaboku leaves or an extract thereof as an active ingredient. テリハボク、又はその抽出物を有効成分とすることを特徴とする薬剤耐性菌に対する抗菌剤。   An antibacterial agent against drug-resistant bacteria, characterized by using Terihaboku or an extract thereof as an active ingredient. テリハボク、又はその抽出物を有効成分とする抗アレルギー作用、抗菌作用、抗掻痒作用を併せ持つ抗アレルギー剤。
An anti-allergic agent having anti-allergic, antibacterial and anti-pruritic effects, both containing Terihaboku or its extract
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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2015509976A (en) * 2012-03-13 2015-04-02 ピラマル エンタープライジーズ リミテッド Herbal composition for the treatment of metabolic disorders
JP2020045325A (en) * 2018-09-14 2020-03-26 志乃夫 谷村 Skin external preparation and method of producing skin external preparation

Non-Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
JPN6010025478, "Distribution of pyranocoumarins in Calophyllum cordato−oblongum.", Phytochemistry, 1998, Vol.49, No.4, page.995−998 *
JPN6010025479, Indian Journal of Pharmacology, 1980, Vol.12, No.3, P.181−191 *

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2015509976A (en) * 2012-03-13 2015-04-02 ピラマル エンタープライジーズ リミテッド Herbal composition for the treatment of metabolic disorders
JP2020045325A (en) * 2018-09-14 2020-03-26 志乃夫 谷村 Skin external preparation and method of producing skin external preparation

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