JP2005265361A - Method of controlling steam supply quantity to flare stack - Google Patents

Method of controlling steam supply quantity to flare stack Download PDF

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JP2005265361A
JP2005265361A JP2004082142A JP2004082142A JP2005265361A JP 2005265361 A JP2005265361 A JP 2005265361A JP 2004082142 A JP2004082142 A JP 2004082142A JP 2004082142 A JP2004082142 A JP 2004082142A JP 2005265361 A JP2005265361 A JP 2005265361A
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steam
flare stack
supply
plant
signal
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Masanobu Yamase
正信 山瀬
Yoshiaki Suzuki
芳明 鈴木
Kazuya Yoshikawa
和弥 吉川
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Sumitomo Chemical Co Ltd
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Sumitomo Chemical Co Ltd
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Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a control method of steam supply quantity for preventing the exhausting of black smoke which is often generated in stopping a plant temporarily releasing a large amount of combustible gas and the like from a flare stack. <P>SOLUTION: In controlling the supply quantity of steam supplied to the flare stack for preventing the exhausting of black smoke from the flare stack, following first to third processes are included. The first process is a process for detecting a signal to start the supply of steam to the flare stack or a signal to increase the steam, the second process is a process for automatically adjusting the steam according to the predetermined variation by starting the supply of a specific quantity of steam to the flare stack or increasing the same on the basis of the signal detected in the first process, and the third process is a process for automatically stopping or decreasing the supplied or increased steam at a predetermined time. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2005,JPO&NCIPI

Description

本発明は、フレアスタックからの黒煙排出防止のために供給される蒸気の、供給量制御方法に関するものである。さらに詳しくはシャットダウン機構により発せられるプラント停止信号を用いた、プラント停止時のフレアスタックへの、蒸気供給量の効率的な制御方法に関するものである。   The present invention relates to a method for controlling the amount of steam supplied to prevent black smoke emission from a flare stack. More specifically, the present invention relates to an efficient method for controlling the amount of steam supplied to the flare stack when the plant is stopped, using a plant stop signal issued by a shutdown mechanism.

化学工業プラント等においては、大気放出されるガス中の可燃性ガス等を燃焼除害するフレアスタックが一般的に用いられている。この可燃性ガス等が不完全燃焼した場合に発生する黒煙の排出防止方法として種々の手段が開示されている。例えばコークス炉の煙突からの黒煙排出防止方法として、計算機により、コークス炉の煙突に設けた煤塵濃度計または煙道に設けたCO計の測定値が一定値以上になったときの装入窯を黒煙排出窯としその窯番号を記憶し、装入窯番号が黒煙排出釜番号と一致したとき、当該窯の燃焼室の各燃料制御弁を、一定時間全閉として燃焼を中止させ、その後、燃料制御弁を設定開度とし燃焼を開始させる指令を出すという制御方法(特許文献1参照)や、コークス炉の煙突からの黒煙発生抑制方法として、全乾留過程の炭化室上部圧力CP(mmHO)と燃焼室上部圧力FP(mmHO)との差圧ΔPが、ΔP=CP−FP≧0mmHOとなるように、燃焼室上部圧力あるいは炭化室上部圧力または炭化室上部圧力と燃焼室上部圧力を調整することによって、炉壁の貫通亀裂部が閉塞するまでの間、全乾留期間を通じて炭化室から燃焼室にコークス炉ガスが漏洩し、コークス炉ガス中のタール分、カーボンが炉壁の貫通亀裂部を閉塞するという方法(特許文献2参照)等が開示されている。 In a chemical industrial plant or the like, a flare stack that combusts and removes a combustible gas in a gas released to the atmosphere is generally used. Various means have been disclosed as methods for preventing the discharge of black smoke generated when the combustible gas or the like is incompletely combusted. For example, as a method of preventing black smoke emission from the chimney of the coke oven, the charging kiln when the measured value of the dust concentration meter provided in the chimney of the coke oven or the CO meter provided in the flue exceeds a certain value by a computer The black smoke discharge kiln is stored as the kiln number, and when the charging kiln number matches the black smoke discharge pot number, each fuel control valve in the combustion chamber of the kiln is fully closed for a certain period of time to stop combustion, Thereafter, as a control method (see Patent Document 1) for issuing a command to start combustion with the fuel control valve set to a set opening, or as a method for suppressing black smoke generation from the chimney of the coke oven, the upper pressure CP of the carbonization chamber in the process of all dry distillation differential pressure [Delta] P between the (mmH 2 O) and the combustion chamber upper pressure FP (mmH 2 O) is, so that the ΔP = CP-FP ≧ 0mmH 2 O, the combustion chamber top pressure or carbonization chamber upper pressure or carbonization chamber upper Adjust pressure and combustion chamber upper pressure As a result, the coke oven gas leaks from the carbonization chamber to the combustion chamber throughout the entire carbonization period until the through crack portion of the furnace wall is blocked, and the tar content in the coke oven gas and the carbon penetrate the through crack portion of the furnace wall. A method of closing (see Patent Document 2) and the like are disclosed.

プラント停止時には、安全上、プラント系内の可燃性ガス等をフレアスタックにパージし、燃焼除害するという操作が行われる。しかし、このような状況では多量の可燃性ガス等がフレアスタックにパージされるために不完全燃焼が起こりやすく、黒煙が発生しやすい。通常は、この黒煙発生防止のために蒸気をフレアスタックに投入する方法が採用される。正常な運転状態では、フレアスタックからの可燃性ガス等の放出量が一定又は少量であるために蒸気供給量の制御を必要としないが、例えば、プラント停止等の非定常状態には、多量の可燃性ガス等を排出するために蒸気供給量の適切な制御を必要とする。従来、プラント停止時には、フレアスタックの燃焼状態を確認しながら、手動遠隔調節によって蒸気供給量を制御するという操作が一般的に行われてきた。しかしながら、プラント停止時等の非定常状態において手動で調節を行うのは、放出される可燃性ガス量に対して蒸気の過剰な供給によりフレアスタックが消炎したり、手動調節のタイミングの不適により黒煙が発生したりする等、操作上煩瑣であるとか、未除害ガスの大気放出による環境影響等の問題があった。また、これらの問題点を解決する適切な装置や方法については開示が無く、一層の改善が求められていた。   When the plant is stopped, for safety, an operation of purging flammable gas in the plant system to the flare stack and removing the combustion is performed. However, in such a situation, a large amount of combustible gas or the like is purged to the flare stack, so that incomplete combustion is likely to occur and black smoke is likely to be generated. Usually, a method of introducing steam into the flare stack is employed to prevent the generation of black smoke. Under normal operating conditions, the amount of flammable gas emitted from the flare stack is constant or small, so there is no need to control the amount of steam supply. Appropriate control of steam supply is required to discharge flammable gases. Conventionally, when a plant is stopped, an operation of controlling a steam supply amount by manual remote control while confirming a combustion state of a flare stack has been generally performed. However, manual adjustment in an unsteady state such as when the plant is shut down is because the flare stack is extinguished due to excessive supply of steam with respect to the amount of combustible gas released or black due to improper timing of manual adjustment. There are problems such as the generation of smoke and the like, which are cumbersome in operation and the environmental impact due to the release of undetoxified gas into the atmosphere. Further, there has been no disclosure of an appropriate apparatus and method for solving these problems, and further improvement has been demanded.

特開平5−239464号公報(第1頁)JP-A-5-239464 (first page) 特開2000−204374号公報(第1頁)JP 2000-204374 A (first page)

かかる実情に鑑み、本発明が解決しようとする課題は、フレアスタックから可燃性ガス等を一時的に多量に放出する、プラント停止時に発生しやすい黒煙の排出防止を目的とした蒸気供給量の制御方法を提供することにある。   In view of such circumstances, the problem to be solved by the present invention is to temporarily release a large amount of combustible gas from the flare stack, and to reduce the amount of steam supplied for the purpose of preventing the discharge of black smoke that is likely to occur when the plant is shut down. It is to provide a control method.

すなわち、本発明の請求項1に係る発明は、フレアスタックからの黒煙排出防止のために供給される蒸気の供給量制御において、下記第1工程〜第3工程を含むフレアスタックへの蒸気供給量制御方法である。
第1工程:フレアスタックへの蒸気の供給開始又は増量の信号を検出する工程
第2工程:第1工程において検出した信号により、フレアスタックへ所定量の蒸気を供給開始又は増量し、予め定められた変化量に従って自動的に調節する工程
第3工程:前記供給開始又は増量された蒸気を、予め定められた時間で自動的に停止又は減量する工程
本発明の請求項2に係る発明は、前記蒸気の供給開始又は増量の信号が、シャットダウン機構により発せられるプラント停止信号である、請求項1記載のフレアスタックへの蒸気供給量制御方法である。
That is, the invention according to claim 1 of the present invention provides steam supply to the flare stack including the following first to third steps in the supply amount control of the steam supplied for preventing black smoke emission from the flare stack. It is a quantity control method.
First step: a step of detecting a signal for starting or increasing the supply of steam to the flare stack. Second step: starting or increasing the supply of a predetermined amount of steam to the flare stack based on the signal detected in the first step. Step of automatically adjusting according to the amount of change The third step: the step of automatically stopping or reducing the amount of steam that has been started or increased at a predetermined time The invention according to claim 2 of the present invention The steam supply amount control method for the flare stack according to claim 1, wherein the steam supply start or increase signal is a plant stop signal generated by a shutdown mechanism.

本発明により、フレアスタックから可燃性ガス等を一時的に多量に放出する、プラント停止時に発生しやすい黒煙の排出防止を目的とした、蒸気供給量の制御方法が提供できる。   According to the present invention, it is possible to provide a steam supply amount control method for temporarily discharging a large amount of combustible gas or the like from a flare stack and for preventing the discharge of black smoke that is likely to be generated when the plant is stopped.

以下、図面を参照して本発明について詳細に説明する。図1は、本発明のフレアスタックへの蒸気供給量制御方法の、実施態様の一例を概略的に示している。すなわち、フレアスタック1には、プラント装置7が接続され可燃性ガス等が圧力調節弁又は緊急放出弁8を介してフレアスタック1へ排出できるようになっている。分散型制御システム(DCS)3には、本発明の第1工程〜第3工程のプログラムを設定し、操作信号4を受けて蒸気供給量調節弁6により、蒸気5の供給量を制御するように構成されている。   Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 schematically shows an example of an embodiment of the method for controlling the amount of steam supplied to the flare stack of the present invention. That is, the flare stack 1 is connected to the plant device 7 so that combustible gas or the like can be discharged to the flare stack 1 via the pressure control valve or the emergency discharge valve 8. The distributed control system (DCS) 3 is set with a program for the first to third steps of the present invention so that the supply amount of the steam 5 is controlled by the steam supply amount adjusting valve 6 in response to the operation signal 4. It is configured.

本発明において、プラント停止時に一時的に多量に放出される可燃性ガス等とは、プラントを停止させる際の、装置内の異常な圧力上昇や爆発、それに伴う機器の破損等を回避して安全にプラントを停止させるために、フレアスタックを介して外部に排出される可燃性ガス等である。   In the present invention, a flammable gas or the like that is temporarily released in large quantities when the plant is shut down is safe by avoiding abnormal pressure rises or explosions in the apparatus and associated equipment damage when the plant is shut down. In order to stop the plant, the combustible gas is discharged to the outside through the flare stack.

本発明の第1工程は、フレアスタックへの蒸気の供給開始又は増量の信号となる、シャットダウン機構により発せられるプラント停止信号の検出手段を含んでいる。前記停止信号としては、プラントの停止が確実に伝達されるものであればよく、電気的接点及び/又は分散型制御システム(DCS)の汎用機能である接点入出力等を用いることができる。中でもDCSの汎用機能を用いた、接点入出力のシーケンス制御機構による検出は、構築が容易であるために好適に用いられる機構である。   The first step of the present invention includes means for detecting a plant stop signal emitted by a shutdown mechanism, which is a signal for starting or increasing the supply of steam to the flare stack. The stop signal may be any signal that can reliably transmit the stop of the plant, and an electrical contact and / or a contact input / output that is a general-purpose function of the distributed control system (DCS) can be used. Among them, the detection by the contact input / output sequence control mechanism using the DCS general-purpose function is a mechanism that is preferably used because it is easy to construct.

第2工程は、前記検出手段によって検出したプラント停止信号により、フレアスタックへ所定量の蒸気を供給し、予め定められた変化量に従って自動的に調節する工程である。プラント停止時に、系内の可燃性ガス等をフレアスタックでの燃焼除害を経て外部に放出する場合、放出開始直後が最も放出量が多く、系内の圧力の低下に伴って放出量が減少していく。そのため、蒸気の供給量も同様な傾向で、可燃性ガス等の放出開始直後に最大とし、漸次減量する必要があるが、供給を必要とする蒸気量及び変化量は、適切な値がプラントの規模等によって異なるので、その場合に応じて適切な値を設定する。これらの工程は、DCSの汎用機能であるプログラム設定機能を用いた調節弁のシーケンス制御により実施できる。   The second step is a step of supplying a predetermined amount of steam to the flare stack based on the plant stop signal detected by the detection means, and automatically adjusting according to a predetermined change amount. When the plant is shut down, combustible gas in the system is released to the outside through the flare stack combustion detoxification, the release amount is the largest immediately after the start of the release, and the release amount decreases as the pressure in the system decreases I will do it. For this reason, the supply amount of steam has the same tendency and should be maximized immediately after the start of the release of combustible gas, etc., and gradually decreased. Since it varies depending on the scale and the like, an appropriate value is set according to the case. These steps can be performed by sequence control of the control valve using a program setting function which is a general function of DCS.

第3工程は、前記供給された蒸気を、予め定められた時間で自動的に停止又は減量する工程である。前記プラント停止時に、系内の可燃性ガス等をフレアスタックでの燃焼除害を経て外部に放出する場合において、系内のガス保有量が一定であり、且つ制限オリフィスの使用等、単位時間当たりの放出ガス量が一定であれば、蒸気の供給開始又は増量から停止又は減量するまでの時間は、常に一定の値を用いることができるが、適切な値はプラントの規模等によって異なるので、その場合に応じて適切な値を設定する。これらの工程は、DCSの汎用機能であるプログラム設定機能を用いたシーケンス制御により実施できる。   The third step is a step of automatically stopping or reducing the supplied steam at a predetermined time. When the plant is shut down, when the combustible gas in the system is discharged to the outside through the combustion detoxification in the flare stack, the amount of gas held in the system is constant and the use of a restriction orifice, etc. per unit time If the amount of released gas is constant, a constant value can always be used for the time from the start or increase of steam supply to the stop or decrease, but the appropriate value varies depending on the scale of the plant. Set an appropriate value depending on the situation. These steps can be performed by sequence control using a program setting function which is a general-purpose function of DCS.

以下、本発明を実施例によりさらに詳細に説明するが、本発明はこれらの例によって何ら限定されるものではない。   EXAMPLES Hereinafter, although an Example demonstrates this invention further in detail, this invention is not limited at all by these examples.

次に、本発明を実施例により説明する。
実施例1
アセトアルデヒド製造プラントにおいて、下記のごとく実施した。蒸気供給量制御装置の概略構成は図1に示すとおりである。シャットダウン機構により発せられるプラント停止信号の検出手段としては、化学プラント等で一般的に使用されるDCSの汎用機能を用い、接点入出力をシーケンス制御機構により検出した。前記シーケンス制御機構によって検出されたプラント停止信号に基づき、蒸気供給量を増量し、予め設定された変化量に従って自動的に調節、減量するようにプログラムを設定した。
Next, an example explains the present invention.
Example 1
It was carried out as follows in an acetaldehyde production plant. The schematic configuration of the steam supply amount control device is as shown in FIG. As a means for detecting a plant stop signal generated by the shutdown mechanism, a general-purpose function of DCS generally used in a chemical plant or the like was used, and contact input / output was detected by a sequence control mechanism. Based on the plant stop signal detected by the sequence control mechanism, the steam supply amount was increased, and a program was set to automatically adjust and reduce the amount according to a preset change amount.

具体的には、シャットダウン機構によるプラント停止時に、プラント停止信号の検出から5分間でフレアスタックから放出されるアセトアルデヒド、エチレン、水蒸気等からなる770kg、230mの系内ガスに対し、3.5kg/cmG、168℃の過熱蒸気270kgを、下記のようなプログラムに従って供給した。 Specifically, when the plant is stopped by the shutdown mechanism, 3.5 kg / 230 kg of system gas of 770 kg, 230 m 3 made of acetaldehyde, ethylene, water vapor and the like released from the flare stack within 5 minutes from detection of the plant stop signal. 270 kg of superheated steam at cm 2 G, 168 ° C. was supplied according to the following program.

当該フレアスタックへはプラントの通常運転中は450kg/Hの蒸気が供給されている。プラント停止信号の検出と同時にシーケンス制御機構によりプログラムが作動し、蒸気供給量が前記信号の検出1秒後に730kg/H、2秒後に4000kg/H、212秒後に2300kg/H、242秒後に1300kg/H、272秒後に720kg/Hとなるように蒸気供給量調節弁の開度が自動的に制御され、302秒後に通常状態の450kg/Hとなりプログラムが終了した。これらの工程は、DCSの汎用機能であるプログラム設定機能を用いた調節弁のシーケンス制御により実施した。この間は手動調節を必要とせず、蒸気の過剰な供給によるフレアスタックの消炎、調節の不適や制御方法の不具合を原因とする、蒸気供給量の不適によるフレアスタックからの黒煙の発生はなかった。   The flare stack is supplied with 450 kg / H of steam during normal operation of the plant. The program is operated by the sequence control mechanism simultaneously with the detection of the plant stop signal, and the steam supply amount is 730 kg / H after 1 second of detection of the signal, 4000 kg / H after 2 seconds, 2300 kg / H after 212 seconds, 1300 kg / after 242 seconds H, the opening of the steam supply control valve was automatically controlled to reach 720 kg / H after 272 seconds, and after 302 seconds, the normal state became 450 kg / H, and the program ended. These steps were carried out by sequence control of the control valve using a program setting function which is a general function of DCS. During this time, manual adjustment was not required, and there was no black smoke from the flare stack due to inadequate steam supply due to extinguishing of the flare stack due to excessive supply of steam, improper adjustment or malfunction of the control method. .

本発明のフレアスタックへの蒸気供給量制御方法における、制御装置の概略構成例を示す図である。It is a figure which shows the schematic structural example of the control apparatus in the steam supply amount control method to the flare stack of this invention.

符号の説明Explanation of symbols

1…フレアスタック、2…シャットダウン機構により発せられるプラント停止信号、3…分散型制御システム(DCS)、4…操作信号、5…蒸気、6…蒸気供給量調節弁、7…プラント装置、8…圧力調節弁又は緊急放出弁
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Flare stack, 2 ... Plant stop signal emitted by shutdown mechanism, 3 ... Distributed control system (DCS), 4 ... Operation signal, 5 ... Steam, 6 ... Steam supply amount control valve, 7 ... Plant apparatus, 8 ... Pressure regulating valve or emergency release valve

Claims (2)

フレアスタックからの黒煙排出防止のために供給される蒸気の供給量制御において、下記第1工程〜第3工程を含むフレアスタックへの蒸気供給量制御方法。
第1工程:フレアスタックへの蒸気の供給開始又は増量の信号を検出する工程
第2工程:第1工程において検出した信号により、フレアスタックへ所定量の蒸気を供給開始又は増量し、予め定められた変化量に従って自動的に調節する工程
第3工程:前記供給開始又は増量された蒸気を、予め定められた時間で自動的に停止又は減量する工程
A steam supply amount control method to the flare stack including the following first to third steps in the supply amount control of steam supplied to prevent black smoke emission from the flare stack.
First step: a step of detecting a signal for starting or increasing the supply of steam to the flare stack. Second step: starting or increasing the supply of a predetermined amount of steam to the flare stack based on the signal detected in the first step. A step of automatically adjusting according to the amount of change, a third step: a step of automatically stopping or reducing the supply-started or increased steam at a predetermined time.
前記蒸気の供給開始又は増量の信号が、シャットダウン機構により発せられるプラント停止信号である、請求項1記載のフレアスタックへの蒸気供給量制御方法。 The steam supply amount control method for a flare stack according to claim 1, wherein the steam supply start or increase signal is a plant stop signal issued by a shutdown mechanism.
JP2004082142A 2004-03-22 2004-03-22 Method of controlling steam supply quantity to flare stack Pending JP2005265361A (en)

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2015160494A1 (en) * 2014-04-14 2015-10-22 Honeywell International Inc. Feedback control for reducing flaring process smoke and noise

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2015160494A1 (en) * 2014-04-14 2015-10-22 Honeywell International Inc. Feedback control for reducing flaring process smoke and noise
US9594359B2 (en) 2014-04-14 2017-03-14 Honeywell International Inc. Feedback control for reducing flaring process smoke and noise

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