JP2005261069A - System interconnection protective device of normal service generator - Google Patents

System interconnection protective device of normal service generator Download PDF

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JP2005261069A
JP2005261069A JP2004068891A JP2004068891A JP2005261069A JP 2005261069 A JP2005261069 A JP 2005261069A JP 2004068891 A JP2004068891 A JP 2004068891A JP 2004068891 A JP2004068891 A JP 2004068891A JP 2005261069 A JP2005261069 A JP 2005261069A
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voltage
change rate
generator
frequency
frequency change
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JP4202954B2 (en
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Shigeo Nomiya
成生 野宮
Masami Yamada
将巳 山田
Takeshi Taniguchi
健 谷口
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Toshiba Corp
Nishishiba Electric Co Ltd
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Nishishiba Electric Co Ltd
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Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a system interconnection protective device capable of enhancing reliability of frequency detection accuracy and capable of detecting and protecting single operation of a normal service generator under system interconnection positively and easily on the normal service generator side. <P>SOLUTION: The system interconnection protective device comprises a voltage transformer 38 for detecting the AC voltage signal of an AC power system, a circuit 30 for operating the effective value of an AC voltage signal detected by the voltage transformer 38, and a frequency detection means 41 comprising a divider 31, a filter circuit 32, a comparator 35, a counter circuit 36, and a reciprocal operating unit 37. The effective value operating circuit 30 operates a voltage effective value from an AC voltage signal detected by the voltage transformer 38 according to a predetermined formula. The divider 31 divides the AC voltage signal by a voltage effective value operated at the effective value operating circuit 30. The filter circuit 32 consists of a resistor 33 and a capacitor 34. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2005,JPO&NCIPI

Description

本発明は、商用電源の交流電力系統に連系して逆潮流を行う常用発電装置（自家発電装置）に適用される系統連系保護装置に関する。   The present invention relates to a grid interconnection protection device applied to a regular power generation apparatus (in-house power generation apparatus) that performs a reverse power flow linked to an AC power system of a commercial power source.

従来、高価な転送遮断装置（特許文献１参照）を設けることなく、逆潮流ありの場合の系統側の事故時の自家発電設備の単独運転を自家発電設備側で確実に容易に検出し保護する発電設備の系統連系保護装置として、次のように構成されたものがある（特許文献２参照）。   Conventionally, an independent operation of a private power generation facility at the time of an accident on the system side when there is a reverse power flow is reliably and easily detected and protected on the private power generation facility side without providing an expensive transfer interruption device (see Patent Document 1). As a system interconnection protection device for a power generation facility, there is one configured as follows (see Patent Document 2).

これは、同期発電機の調速機の指令信号として、交流電力系統側の停電時に、関数発生手段の関数特性により発電機の周波数変化率を保護継電器手段が感知するレベルにシフトすることで、交流電力系統側の停電を検知するようにしたものである。   This is because, as a command signal of the governor of the synchronous generator, at the time of a power failure on the AC power system side, the frequency change rate of the generator is shifted to a level sensed by the protective relay means according to the function characteristics of the function generating means. A power failure on the AC power system side is detected.

具体的には、有効電力調整手段と、関数発生手段と、保護継電器手段を備えている。有効電力調整手段は発電機の有効電力に応じた出力信号を出力する。関数発生手段は発電機の周波数の変化率を検出し、その値に対して大きな出力信号を出力するような周波数指令の関数特性を有する。保護継電器手段は発電機の周波数変化率の異常を感知する。前記関数発生手段の出力信号と、前記有効電力調整手段の出力信号とを合成した信号を調速機の指令信号とするものである。
特開平７−５９２５０号公報 特開２００２−１０１５６３号公報 Specifically, an active power adjusting means, a function generating means, and a protective relay means are provided. The active power adjusting means outputs an output signal corresponding to the active power of the generator. The function generating means has a function characteristic of a frequency command that detects the rate of change of the frequency of the generator and outputs a large output signal with respect to the change rate. The protective relay means senses an abnormality in the frequency change rate of the generator. A signal obtained by synthesizing the output signal of the function generating means and the output signal of the active power adjusting means is used as a command signal for the governor.
JP 7-59250 A JP 2002-101563 A

以上述べた従来の構成によれば、微小な周波数変化率を、保護継電手段の感知するレベルにシフトさせることで、前述の転送遮断装置を設けることなく系統連系中の常用発電装置の単独運転を常用発電装置側で確実に検出して保護することができる。   According to the above-described conventional configuration, by shifting the minute frequency change rate to a level sensed by the protective relay means, the common power generator in the grid interconnection can be provided without providing the transfer interrupting device described above. Operation can be reliably detected and protected on the utility power generator side.

ところで、近年、以上述べた従来の系統連系保護装置において、種々の構成に対して様々の開発が進められているが、必ずしも十分満足できるものとはいえないものもあり、その一例として発電機の周波数検出手段の検出精度を高めることができるものの開発が望まれている。   By the way, in recent years, in the conventional grid interconnection protection device described above, various developments have been made for various configurations. However, there are some that are not always satisfactory, and an example is a generator. It is desired to develop a device that can improve the detection accuracy of the frequency detection means.

そこで、本発明の目的は、このような要望を満たすようになされたもので、高価な転送遮断装置を設けることなく、周波数の検出精度の確度を高めることができ、系統連系中の常用発電装置の単独運転を常用発電装置側で確実にかつ容易に検出して保護することが可能な常用発電装置の系統連系保護装置を提供することにある。   Therefore, an object of the present invention is to satisfy such a demand, and it is possible to improve the accuracy of frequency detection accuracy without providing an expensive transfer blocking device, and to generate regular power generation in a grid connection. It is an object of the present invention to provide a system interconnection protection device for a regular power generator capable of reliably and easily detecting and protecting the single operation of the device on the regular power generator side.

前記目的を達成するため請求項１に対応する発明は、自動電圧調整器によって出力電圧が調整される発電機を備え、遮断器を介して交流電力系統と逆潮流ありで連系される常用発電装置の系統連系保護装置において、前記交流電力系統の交流電圧信号を検出する電圧検出手段と、前記電圧検出手段によって検出された交流電圧信号の実効値を演算する実効値演算回路と、前記電圧検出手段によって検出された交流電圧信号を、前記実効値演算回路によって演算された実効値で除算した信号に基づき周波数を検出する周波数検出手段と、前記周波数検出手段によって検出された周波数の変化率を検出する周波数変化率演算器と、前記周波数変化率演算器によって検出された周波数変化率が正である場合は前記発電機の出力電圧を低下させ、前記周波数変化率が負である場合は前記発電機の出力電圧を上昇させる電圧揺動信号を前記発電機の自動電圧調整器に出力させる電圧揺動信号演算器と、前記周波数変化率演算器によって検出された周波数変化率が所定値を超えた場合に前記遮断器を開放して前記交流電力系統から前記発電機を解列させる保護手段とを具備したことを特徴とする常用発電装置の系統連系保護装置である。   In order to achieve the above object, the invention corresponding to claim 1 is provided with a generator whose output voltage is adjusted by an automatic voltage regulator, and is connected to an AC power system through a circuit breaker with a reverse power flow. In the system interconnection protection device of the apparatus, voltage detection means for detecting an AC voltage signal of the AC power system, an effective value calculation circuit for calculating an effective value of the AC voltage signal detected by the voltage detection means, and the voltage Frequency detecting means for detecting a frequency based on a signal obtained by dividing the AC voltage signal detected by the detecting means by the effective value calculated by the effective value calculating circuit, and a rate of change of the frequency detected by the frequency detecting means. If the frequency change rate to be detected and the frequency change rate detected by the frequency change rate calculator are positive, the output voltage of the generator is reduced, When the wave number change rate is negative, it is detected by the voltage fluctuation signal calculator for outputting the voltage fluctuation signal for increasing the output voltage of the generator to the automatic voltage regulator of the generator and the frequency change rate calculator. And a protection means for opening the circuit breaker and disconnecting the generator from the AC power system when the generated frequency change rate exceeds a predetermined value. It is a protective device.

前記目的を達成するため請求項２に対応する発明は、自動電圧調整器によって出力電圧が調整される発電機を備え、遮断器を介して交流電力系統と逆潮流ありで連系される常用発電装置の系統連系保護装置において、前記交流電力系統の交流電圧信号を検出する電圧検出手段と、前記電圧検出手段によって検出された交流電圧信号の平均値を演算する平均値演算回路と、前記電圧検出手段によって検出された交流電圧信号を、前記平均値演算回路によって演算された平均値で除算した信号に基づき周波数を検出する周波数検出手段と、前記周波数検出手段によって検出された周波数の変化率を検出する周波数変化率演算器と、前記周波数変化率演算器によって検出された周波数変化率が正である場合は前記発電機の出力電圧を低下させ、前記周波数変化率が負である場合は前記発電機の出力電圧を上昇させる電圧揺動信号を前記発電機の自動電圧調整器に出力させる電圧揺動信号演算器と、前記周波数変化率演算器によって検出された周波数変化率が所定値を超えた場合に前記遮断器を開放して前記交流電力系統から前記発電機を解列させる保護手段とを具備したことを特徴とする常用発電装置の系統連系保護装置である。   In order to achieve the above object, the invention corresponding to claim 2 is provided with a generator whose output voltage is adjusted by an automatic voltage regulator, and is connected to the AC power system through a circuit breaker with a reverse power flow. In the system interconnection protection device of the apparatus, voltage detection means for detecting an AC voltage signal of the AC power system, an average value calculation circuit for calculating an average value of the AC voltage signal detected by the voltage detection means, and the voltage Frequency detecting means for detecting a frequency based on a signal obtained by dividing the AC voltage signal detected by the detecting means by the average value calculated by the average value calculating circuit; and a rate of change of the frequency detected by the frequency detecting means. If the frequency change rate to be detected and the frequency change rate detected by the frequency change rate calculator are positive, the output voltage of the generator is reduced, When the wave number change rate is negative, it is detected by the voltage fluctuation signal calculator for outputting the voltage fluctuation signal for increasing the output voltage of the generator to the automatic voltage regulator of the generator and the frequency change rate calculator. And a protection means for opening the circuit breaker and disconnecting the generator from the AC power system when the generated frequency change rate exceeds a predetermined value. It is a protective device.

本発明の常用発電装置の系統連系保護装置によれば、高価な転送遮断装置を設けることなく、周波数の検出精度の確度を高めることができ、系統連系中の常用発電装置の単独運転を常用発電装置側で確実にかつ容易に検出して保護することが可能な常用発電装置の系統連系保護装置を得ることが可能となる。   According to the grid connection protection device for a regular power generator of the present invention, the accuracy of frequency detection accuracy can be increased without providing an expensive transfer shut-off device, and the single operation of the regular power generation device in the grid connection can be performed. It is possible to obtain a grid connection protection device for a regular power generator that can be reliably and easily detected and protected on the regular power generator side.

（第１の実施の形態）
以下、本発明の第１の実施の形態を図１を参照して説明する。第１の実施の形態の概略構成は、自動電圧調整器２２によって出力電圧が調整される同期発電機１０を備え、自家発電設備需要家受電点遮断器１２を介して上位変電所４内に設置されている系統電源（交流電力系統）１と逆潮流ありで連系される常用発電装置（自家用発電装置、分散電源）の系統連系保護装置において、以下のような構成を備えたものである。 (First embodiment)
The first embodiment of the present invention will be described below with reference to FIG. The schematic configuration of the first embodiment includes a synchronous generator 10 whose output voltage is adjusted by an automatic voltage regulator 22, and is installed in an upper substation 4 via a private power generation facility customer receiving point breaker 12. A system interconnection protection device of a regular power generation device (in-house power generation device, distributed power source) that is connected to a grid power source (AC power system) 1 that has a reverse power flow has the following configuration. .

すなわち、交流電力系統の交流電圧信号を検出する電圧検出手段例えば計器用変圧器３８と、計器用変圧器３８によって検出された交流電圧信号を、実効値演算回路３０、除算器３１、フィルタ回路３２、コンパレータ３５、計数回路３６、逆数演算器３７からなる周波数検出手段４１により、交流電力系統の交流電圧信号の周波数を検出する。   That is, voltage detecting means for detecting an AC voltage signal of the AC power system, such as an instrument transformer 38, and an AC voltage signal detected by the instrument transformer 38, an effective value arithmetic circuit 30, a divider 31, and a filter circuit 32. The frequency of the AC voltage signal of the AC power system is detected by frequency detection means 41 comprising a comparator 35, a counting circuit 36, and an inverse calculator 37.

このうち、実効値演算回路３０は、計器用変圧器３８によって検出された交流電圧信号を、後述する演算式(１)、(２)、(３)式により電圧実効値を演算する。

Figure 2005261069
Among these, the effective value calculation circuit 30 calculates the effective voltage value of the AC voltage signal detected by the instrument transformer 38 by the following equations (1), (2), and (3).
Figure 2005261069

除算器３１は、交流電圧信号を、実効値演算回路３０で演算され電圧実効値で除算する。このことにより、交流電圧信号（入力電圧）が変動しても、除算器３１からの出力電圧波形の振幅は一定となる。   The divider 31 calculates the AC voltage signal by the effective value calculation circuit 30 and divides it by the voltage effective value. As a result, even if the AC voltage signal (input voltage) fluctuates, the amplitude of the output voltage waveform from the divider 31 becomes constant.

そのため、電圧変動により次段のフィルタ回路３２及びコンパレータ３５を介して出力される零クロスのタイミングがずれることを防止できる。ここで、フィルタ回路３２は抵抗器３３とコンデンサ３４からなり、交流電圧信号に含まれる高調波を除去する。これにより、高調波の影響により次段のコンパレータ３５から出力される零クロスのタイミングがずれることを防止できる。   Therefore, it is possible to prevent the zero cross timing output via the filter circuit 32 and the comparator 35 in the next stage from being shifted due to voltage fluctuation. Here, the filter circuit 32 includes a resistor 33 and a capacitor 34, and removes harmonics contained in the AC voltage signal. Thereby, it is possible to prevent the zero-cross timing output from the comparator 35 at the next stage from being shifted due to the influence of the harmonic.

このように除算器３１、フィルタ回路３２により正確な周波数を検出することができる。   Thus, an accurate frequency can be detected by the divider 31 and the filter circuit 32.

図３は、図１を元に簡略化した図で、図１と同一部分には同一符号を付している。負荷６は、負荷６Ａおよび負荷６Ｂを合成した負荷で、配電系統に存在する負荷全体を表す。   FIG. 3 is a simplified diagram based on FIG. 1, and the same reference numerals are given to the same parts as those in FIG. The load 6 is a load obtained by combining the load 6A and the load 6B, and represents the entire load existing in the distribution system.

いま、図３において同期発電機１０からの出力の有効電力をＰ、無効電力をＱ、負荷６が必要とする有効電力をＰＬ、無効電力をＱＬとすると、系統電源１へ流出する有効電力ΔＰおよび無効電力ΔＱは、それぞれ次の（４）式のように表される。 Now, in FIG. 3, assuming that the active power of the output from the synchronous generator 10 is P, the reactive power is Q, the active power required by the load 6 is P L , and the reactive power is Q L , the effective power flowing out to the grid power source 1 The power ΔP and the reactive power ΔQ are each expressed by the following equation (4).

ΔＰ＝Ｐ―ＰＬ
ΔＱ＝Ｑ―ＱＬ （４）
ここで、負荷６の電圧をＶ、周波数をｆとする。 ΔP = P−P L
ΔQ = Q-Q L (4)
Here, the voltage of the load 6 is V and the frequency is f.

そうすると、通常の場合は、ΔＰ≒０、ΔＱ≒０に近い状態で遮断器３が開となっても、負荷６の電圧Ｖ、周波数ｆはほとんど変化しないため、各保護継電器１５〜１９が検出できず、単独運転を継続することになる。   Then, in the normal case, the voltage V and the frequency f of the load 6 hardly change even when the breaker 3 is opened in a state close to ΔP≈0 and ΔQ≈0, so that each of the protective relays 15 to 19 detects it. It is not possible to continue the independent operation.

しかし、微少な周波数差から、系統電源１と負荷６の位相がゆっくりとずれてくるので、遮断器３の再投入は、事故拡大につながって危険な状態となり、配電系統の安定性を低下させることになる。   However, because the phase difference between the system power supply 1 and the load 6 is slowly shifted due to a minute frequency difference, the reintroduction of the circuit breaker 3 leads to an accident expansion and a dangerous state and reduces the stability of the distribution system. It will be.

同期発電機１０の単独運転を検出する原理を、以下に説明する。   The principle of detecting the independent operation of the synchronous generator 10 will be described below.

図３において、負荷６の有効電力ＰＬは
ＰＬ＝Ｖ２／Ｒ （５）
（Ｖ：電圧、Ｒ：抵抗値）
で表される。 In FIG. 3, the active power P L of the load 6 is P L = V 2 / R (5)
(V: Voltage, R: Resistance value)
It is represented by

電圧揺動信号演算器４４は、一例として図４に示すような関数を内蔵しており、周波数変化率演算器４２で検出された周波数変化率に基づいて、周波数変化率が正である場合は同期発電機の出力電圧を低下させ、周波数変化率が負である場合は同期発電機の出力電圧を上昇させる電圧揺動信号を自動電圧調整器２２に出力させる。（ΔＶ＊：電圧揺動信号、ｄｆ／ｄｔ：周波数変化率）
以上述べた構成以外に、図１に示すように、周波数検出手段４１によって検出された周波数の変化率を演算する周波数変化率演算手段４２と、前記周波数変化率の過大を判定する変化率過大判定器４３と、前記周波数変化率に基づいて、当該周波数変化率が正である場合は同期発電機１０の出力電圧を低下させ、周波数変化率が負である場合は発電機１０の出力電圧を上昇させる電圧揺動信号ΔＶ＊を発電機１０の自動電圧調整器２２に出力させる電圧揺動信号演算器４４と、周波数変化率が予め定められた判定値を超えて過大となったとき、発電機１０の単独運転と判断し、異常信号Ｖ３１を出力する変化率過大判定器４３と、変化率過大判定器４３からの異常信号Ｖ３１を入力し、自家発電設備設置需要家（分散電源設置需要家）５５側に設けられている自家発電設備需要家受電点遮断器１２に対してトリップ指令を与え、交流電力系統から発電機１０を解列させる故障トリップ回路１３を備えている。 The voltage fluctuation signal calculator 44 incorporates a function as shown in FIG. 4 as an example, and when the frequency change rate is positive based on the frequency change rate detected by the frequency change rate calculator 42. When the output voltage of the synchronous generator is decreased and the frequency change rate is negative, the automatic voltage regulator 22 is caused to output a voltage fluctuation signal for increasing the output voltage of the synchronous generator. (ΔV * : voltage fluctuation signal, df / dt: frequency change rate)
In addition to the configuration described above, as shown in FIG. 1, the frequency change rate calculating means 42 for calculating the change rate of the frequency detected by the frequency detecting means 41, and the change rate excess determination for determining the excess of the frequency change rate. When the frequency change rate is positive, the output voltage of the synchronous generator 10 is reduced based on the frequency change rate of the generator 43 and the frequency change rate, and when the frequency change rate is negative, the output voltage of the generator 10 is increased. A voltage fluctuation signal calculator 44 for outputting the voltage fluctuation signal ΔV * to be output to the automatic voltage regulator 22 of the generator 10, and a generator when the frequency change rate exceeds a predetermined determination value. It determines that the isolated operation of 10, the rate of change excessively decision unit 43 outputs an abnormality signal V 31, inputs an error signal V 31 from the rate of change excessively decision unit 43, the private power generation equipment installed consumers (distributed power installation demand Home) 55 It gives a trip command to be that private power generation facility customer receiving point breaker 12 provided, a fault trip circuit 13 for Kairetsu the generator 10 from the AC power system.

さらに、交流電力系統である上位変電所４では、系統電源１の電圧を変圧器２を介して降圧し、交流系統連系遮断器３を通して、上位変電所４側からの電力を需要家に配電する配電線２６により、一般需要家７に電力を供給している。一般需要家７は、負荷遮断器５Ｂを介して負荷６Ｂで電力を消費する。   Furthermore, in the upper substation 4 which is an AC power system, the voltage of the system power supply 1 is stepped down via the transformer 2 and the electric power from the upper substation 4 side is distributed to the customer through the AC system interconnection breaker 3. Electric power is supplied to the general consumer 7 by the distribution line 26 to be used. The general consumer 7 consumes electric power with the load 6B through the load circuit breaker 5B.

一方、常用発電装置および系統連系保護装置２９を設置している分散電源設置需要家９では、常用発電装置として原動機２４により駆動される発電機１０の出力を、構内遮断器２８、遮断器１２を介して、上位変電所４と連系している。   On the other hand, in the distributed power supply installation customer 9 in which the common power generator and the grid interconnection protection device 29 are installed, the output of the generator 10 driven by the prime mover 24 as the regular power generator is supplied to the local circuit breaker 28 and the circuit breaker 12. It is connected to the upper substation 4 via

発電機１０の出力電圧の制御は、発電機の電圧制御手段である自動電圧調整器（ＡＶＲ）２２により同期発電機１０の界磁巻線２３の電圧を制御することによって行い、同期発電機１０の出力周波数の制御は、同期発電機１０を駆動する原動機２４の図示しない調速機により原動機２４の出力を制御することによって行われている。   The output voltage of the generator 10 is controlled by controlling the voltage of the field winding 23 of the synchronous generator 10 by an automatic voltage regulator (AVR) 22 which is a voltage control means of the generator. The output frequency is controlled by controlling the output of the prime mover 24 with a speed governor (not shown) of the prime mover 24 that drives the synchronous generator 10.

また、分散電源設置需要家５５では、上位変電所４側からの電力を、遮断器１２、遮断器５Ａを介して受け、同期発電機１０からの電力を発電機用遮断器２８、負荷遮断器５Ａを介して受け、負荷（構内負荷）６Ａで消費するようにしている。   In addition, the distributed power supply installation customer 55 receives power from the upper substation 4 side through the circuit breaker 12 and the circuit breaker 5A, and receives power from the synchronous generator 10 from the generator circuit breaker 28, the load circuit breaker. It is received via 5A and consumed at a load (premises load) 6A.

一方、系統連系保護装置２９は、遮断器１２の発電機側に変流器１４を設け、また当該変流器１４の出力電流に基づいて過電流を検出する過電流継電器（ＯＣ）１５と、系統電源１の異常時、特に系統電源１が例えば遮断器３の開放によって遮断された時、同期発電機１０の出力電力と負荷６Ａの負荷電力とのアンバランスから、周波数や電圧が異常になることを検出する周波数低下継電器（ＵＦ）１６、周波数上昇継電器（ＯＦ）１７、過電圧継電器（ＯＶ）１８、および不足電圧継電器（ＵＶ）１９とを設け、これら各保護継電器の検出信号に基づいて故障トリップ回路１３を動作させ、トリップ信号を出力して遮断器１２を開放し、遮断器３の再閉路が可能な状態にするようにしている。   On the other hand, the grid connection protection device 29 is provided with a current transformer 14 on the generator side of the circuit breaker 12, and an overcurrent relay (OC) 15 that detects an overcurrent based on the output current of the current transformer 14. When the system power supply 1 is abnormal, especially when the system power supply 1 is interrupted by, for example, opening the circuit breaker 3, the frequency and voltage become abnormal due to imbalance between the output power of the synchronous generator 10 and the load power of the load 6A. A frequency lowering relay (UF) 16, a frequency increasing relay (OF) 17, an overvoltage relay (OV) 18, and an undervoltage relay (UV) 19 are provided, and based on the detection signals of these protective relays The fault trip circuit 13 is operated to output a trip signal to open the circuit breaker 12 so that the circuit breaker 3 can be closed again.

さらに、この他に、発電機１０の保護手段として、発電機１０の出力側にその出力電流を検出する変流器１１を設け、また変流器１１の出力電流に基づいて発電機１０の過電流を検出する過電流継電器（ＯＣ）５１と、発電機１０の出力電圧異常を検出する過電圧継電器（ＯＶ）５２および不足電圧継電器（ＵＶ）５３と、同期発電機１０の逆電力を検出する逆電力継電器（ＲＰＲ）５４とを設け、これら各保護継電器の検出信号に基づいて故障トリップ回路２７を動作させ、トリップ信号を出力して遮断器２８を開放するようにしている。   In addition to this, a current transformer 11 for detecting the output current is provided on the output side of the generator 10 as a protection means of the generator 10, and the generator 10 is overloaded based on the output current of the current transformer 11. An overcurrent relay (OC) 51 for detecting current, an overvoltage relay (OV) 52 and an undervoltage relay (UV) 53 for detecting an output voltage abnormality of the generator 10, and a reverse for detecting reverse power of the synchronous generator 10 A power relay (RPR) 54 is provided, and the fault trip circuit 27 is operated based on the detection signals of these protective relays to output a trip signal and open the circuit breaker 28.

ここで、同期発電機１０の単独運転中に、わずかに周波数が低下した場合を考える。周波数変化率は、負数でごく小さい値となる。   Here, a case where the frequency slightly decreases during the independent operation of the synchronous generator 10 is considered. The frequency change rate is a negative number and a very small value.

この時、電圧揺動信号演算器４４では、同期発電機１０の電圧をわずかに上げるように電圧揺動信号を出力する。自動電圧調整器２２の働きにより電圧が上昇することになる。   At this time, the voltage fluctuation signal calculator 44 outputs a voltage fluctuation signal so that the voltage of the synchronous generator 10 is slightly increased. The voltage rises by the action of the automatic voltage regulator 22.

すると、前記（４）式で表される負荷の有効電力ＰＬが増加するので、負荷のトルクが増加し、同期発電機１０の回転速度、すなわち周波数が低下する方向に作用するので、さらに周波数が低下するという正帰還作用が形成され、周波数の変動を増大させる。 Then, since the (4) active power P L represented by load type increases, the torque of the load is increased, the rotational speed of the synchronous generator 10, i.e., acts in the direction of frequency is decreased further frequency A positive feedback action is formed, which reduces frequency fluctuations.

電圧揺動信号による周波数の変動は、電圧揺動信号が大きいほど周波数の変動も大きくなる。   The frequency fluctuation due to the voltage fluctuation signal increases as the voltage fluctuation signal increases.

系統連系中であれば、自動電圧調整器２２への電圧指令を変動させても、周波数は系統電源１に支配されているので変動しないが、単独運転状態であれば系統電源１と切り離されているので、周波数が大きく変動し、周波数変化率が大きくなる。変化率過大判定器４３は周波数変化率が予め定められた判定値を超えると、単独運転と判定する。このことにより単独運転を判定することができる。   If the system is connected to the grid, even if the voltage command to the automatic voltage regulator 22 is changed, the frequency is controlled by the system power supply 1 so that it does not change. Therefore, the frequency fluctuates greatly and the frequency change rate increases. When the frequency change rate exceeds a predetermined determination value, the change rate excessive determination unit 43 determines that the operation is independent. This makes it possible to determine the isolated operation.

単独運転と判定すると、異常信号Ｖ３１を出力する。 If it is determined that the isolated operation, outputs an abnormality signal V 31.

故障トリップ回路１３では、この異常信号Ｖ３１により、遮断器１２を遮断操作して同期発電機１０を解列する。 In the fault trip circuit 13, the circuit breaker 12 is shut off by the abnormal signal V 31 and the synchronous generator 10 is disconnected.

このことにより、従来用いていた転送遮断装置８を用いなくても、常用発電装置側で単独運転を検出することが可能となる。   This makes it possible to detect an isolated operation on the side of the regular power generation device without using the transfer interruption device 8 that has been used conventionally.

（効果）
以上述べたように、第１の実施形態による発電装置の系統連系保護装置では、常用発電装置の交流電圧信号を検出し、電圧変動の影響と高調波を除去して正確な周波数を検出し、周波数変化率（ｄｆ／ｄｔ）を演算し、周波数変化率が正の場合には同期発電機１０の電圧を下げ方向に変化させ、周波数変化率が負の場合には同期発電機１０の電圧を上げ方向に変化させるようにしており、発電機の周波数が大きく変化した場合に単独運転と判定するようにしているので、前述した従来のように高価な転送遮断装置８を設けることなく、周波数の検出精度の確度を高めることができ、また系統連系中の常用発電装置の単独運転を常用発電装置側で確実にかつ容易に検出して同期発電機１０を解列し保護することが可能となる。 (effect)
As described above, in the grid connection protection device for the power generator according to the first embodiment, the AC voltage signal of the regular power generator is detected, the influence of voltage fluctuation and harmonics are removed, and the accurate frequency is detected. The frequency change rate (df / dt) is calculated. When the frequency change rate is positive, the voltage of the synchronous generator 10 is changed in the downward direction. When the frequency change rate is negative, the voltage of the synchronous generator 10 is changed. Is changed in the upward direction, and when the frequency of the generator greatly changes, it is determined that the single operation is performed. Therefore, the frequency can be reduced without providing the expensive transfer cutoff device 8 as in the prior art. It is possible to improve the accuracy of detection of the generator, and to detect and independently detect the independent operation of the common power generator in the grid connection on the common power generator side, and to disconnect and protect the synchronous generator 10 It becomes.

（第２の実施形態）
図５は、本実施形態による発電装置の系統連系保護装置を説明するための概略構成図である。本実施形態は、図１の実効値演算回路３０のみを、平均値演算回路０１に代えたものであり、これ以外の構成は図１と同一であるので、ここではその説明を省略する。この場合、平均値演算回路０１は、計器用変圧器３８により検出された交流電圧信号の例えば半周期毎の瞬時値の平均値を演算する。除算器３１は計器用変圧器３８により検出された交流電圧信号を、上記交流電圧信号の平均値で除算する。このことにより、入力交流電圧が変動しても、除算器３１からの出力電圧波形の振幅は一定となる。そのため、電圧変動により次段のフィルタ回路３２及びコンパレータ３５を介して出力される零クロスのタイミングがずれることを防止できる。これ以外の作用効果は、第１の実施形態と同様である。 (Second Embodiment)
FIG. 5 is a schematic configuration diagram for explaining the system interconnection protection device of the power generation device according to the present embodiment. In the present embodiment, only the effective value arithmetic circuit 30 of FIG. 1 is replaced with the average value arithmetic circuit 01, and the other configuration is the same as that of FIG. In this case, the average value calculation circuit 01 calculates an average value of instantaneous values, for example, every half cycle of the AC voltage signal detected by the instrument transformer 38. The divider 31 divides the AC voltage signal detected by the instrument transformer 38 by the average value of the AC voltage signal. Thereby, even if the input AC voltage fluctuates, the amplitude of the output voltage waveform from the divider 31 becomes constant. Therefore, it is possible to prevent the timing of the zero cross output via the filter circuit 32 and the comparator 35 in the next stage from being shifted due to voltage fluctuation. Other functions and effects are the same as those of the first embodiment.

（第３の実施形態）
図６は、本実施の形態による監視装置の構成例を示す図であり、図１と同一部分には同一符号を付してその説明を省略し、ここでは異なる部分についてのみ述べる。 (Third embodiment)
FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating a configuration example of the monitoring apparatus according to the present embodiment. The same parts as those in FIG. 1 are denoted by the same reference numerals, and the description thereof is omitted. Only different parts will be described here.

図６に示すように、本実施の形態による系統連系保護装置が図１に示した第１の実施の形態と異なる点は、変化率過大判定器４３の代わりに変化率過大判定器４５とタイマー４６を備えたことである。   As shown in FIG. 6, the system interconnection protection device according to the present embodiment is different from the first embodiment shown in FIG. 1 in that an excessive change rate determination unit 45 is replaced with an excessive change rate determination unit 43. A timer 46 is provided.

（作用）
第１の実施の形態と同様に、周波数変化率演算器４２より周波数変化率が出力される。変化率過大判定器４５は前記周波数変化率が予め定められた判定値を超えたかどうかを判定する。タイマー４６は前記変化率過大判定器４５にて判定値を超えた状態が所定時間継続すると単独運転と判定し、異常信号Ｖ３１を故障トリップ回路１３へ出力する。 (Function)
Similar to the first embodiment, the frequency change rate calculator 42 outputs the frequency change rate. The change rate excess determination unit 45 determines whether or not the frequency change rate exceeds a predetermined determination value. The timer 46 determines that the operation is independent when the state where the change rate excess determination unit 45 exceeds the determination value continues for a predetermined time, and outputs an abnormal signal V 31 to the failure trip circuit 13.

このことにより、従来用いていた転送遮断装置８を用いなくても、常用発電装置側で単独運転を検出することが可能となる。   This makes it possible to detect an isolated operation on the side of the regular power generation device without using the transfer interruption device 8 that has been used conventionally.

（効果）
以上述べたように、本実施の形態による発電装置の系統連系保護装置では、常用発電装置の交流電圧信号を検出し、電圧変動の影響と高調波を除去して正確な周波数を検出し、周波数変化率（ｄｆ／ｄｔ）を演算し、周波数変化率が正の場合には同期発電機１０の電圧を下げ方向に変化させ、周波数変化率が負の場合には同期発電機１０の電圧を上げ方向に変化させるようにしており、発電機の周波数が大きく変化した状態が所定時間継続した場合に単独運転と判定するようにしているので、前述した従来のように高価な転送遮断装置８を設けることなく、系統連系中の常用発電装置の単独運転を常用発電装置側で確実にかつ容易に検出して同期発電機１０を解列し保護することが可能となる。 (effect)
As described above, in the system interconnection protection device of the power generation device according to the present embodiment, the AC voltage signal of the regular power generation device is detected, the influence of voltage fluctuation and harmonics are removed, and the accurate frequency is detected, The frequency change rate (df / dt) is calculated. When the frequency change rate is positive, the voltage of the synchronous generator 10 is changed in the downward direction. When the frequency change rate is negative, the voltage of the synchronous generator 10 is changed. Since the change is made in the upward direction, and when the state in which the frequency of the generator has greatly changed continues for a predetermined time, it is determined that the operation is isolated, so that the expensive transfer interrupting device 8 as described above is used. Without the provision, it is possible to reliably and easily detect the independent operation of the common power generator in the grid connection on the side of the common power generator and to disconnect and protect the synchronous generator 10.

本実施の形態と第１の実施の形態との違いは、本実施の形態では周波数変化率が判定値を超えた状態が所定時間継続すると単独運転と判定するようにしているので、単独運転でない時に一時的な外乱により誤って単独運転と判定することを防止していることである。   The difference between the present embodiment and the first embodiment is that, in this embodiment, when the state in which the frequency change rate exceeds the determination value continues for a predetermined time, it is determined that the operation is independent. Sometimes, it is prevented that a single operation is erroneously determined due to a temporary disturbance.

本発明の第１の実施形態である常用発電装置の系統連系保護装置を示す構成図。BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS The block diagram which shows the grid connection protection apparatus of the regular power generator which is the 1st Embodiment of this invention. 本発明の第１の実施の形態による系統連系保護装置における実効値演算回路３０を説明するための図。The figure for demonstrating the effective value calculating circuit 30 in the grid connection protection apparatus by the 1st Embodiment of this invention. 本発明の第１の実施の形態による系統連系保護装置における動作を説明するための図。The figure for demonstrating operation | movement in the grid connection protection apparatus by the 1st Embodiment of this invention. 本発明の第１の実施の形態による系統連系保護装置における電圧揺動信号を決定する関数の例を示す図。The figure which shows the example of the function which determines the voltage fluctuation signal in the grid connection protection apparatus by the 1st Embodiment of this invention. 本発明の第２の実施形態である常用発電装置の系統連系保護装置を示す構成図。The block diagram which shows the grid connection protection apparatus of the regular power generator which is the 2nd Embodiment of this invention. 本発明の第３の実施形態である常用発電装置の系統連系保護装置を示す構成図。The block diagram which shows the grid connection protection apparatus of the regular power generator which is the 3rd Embodiment of this invention.

符号の説明Explanation of symbols

１…系統電源、０１…平均値演算回路、２…変圧器、３…交流系統連系遮断器、４…上位変電所、５Ａ…負荷遮断器、５Ｂ…負荷遮断器、６…負荷、６Ａ…負荷、６Ｂ…負荷、７…一般需要家、９…分散電源設置需要家、１０…同期発電機、１１…変流器、１２…自家発電設備需要家受電点遮断器、１３…故障トリップ回路、１４…変流器、１５…過電流継電器、１６…周波数低下継電器、１７…周波数上昇継電器、１８…過電圧継電器、１９…不足電圧継電器、２２…自動電圧調整器、２３…界磁巻線、２４…原動機、２６…配電線、２７…故障トリップ回路、２８…発電機用遮断器、２９…系統連系保護装置、３０…実効値演算回路、３１…除算器、３２…フィルタ回路、３３…抵抗器、３４…コンデンサ、３５…コンパレータ、３６…計数回路、３７…逆数演算器、３８…計器用変圧器、４１…周波数検出手段、４２…周波数変化率演算器、４３…変化率過大判定器、４４…電圧揺動信号演算器、４５…変化率過大判定器、４６…タイマー、５１…過電流継電器、５２…過電圧継電器、５３…不足電圧継電器、５４…逆電力継電器、５５…自家発電設備設置需要家。   DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... System power supply, 01 ... Average value calculating circuit, 2 ... Transformer, 3 ... AC system connection circuit breaker, 4 ... Upper substation, 5A ... Load circuit breaker, 5B ... Load circuit breaker, 6 ... Load, 6A ... Load, 6B ... Load, 7 ... General customer, 9 ... Distributed power supply installation customer, 10 ... Synchronous generator, 11 ... Current transformer, 12 ... Private power generation facility customer receiving point breaker, 13 ... Fault trip circuit, DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 14 ... Current transformer, 15 ... Overcurrent relay, 16 ... Frequency fall relay, 17 ... Frequency rise relay, 18 ... Overvoltage relay, 19 ... Undervoltage relay, 22 ... Automatic voltage regulator, 23 ... Field winding, 24 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS ... Motor | power_engine, 26 ... Distribution line, 27 ... Fault trip circuit, 28 ... Generator circuit breaker, 29 ... Grid connection protection device, 30 ... RMS calculation circuit, 31 ... Divider, 32 ... Filter circuit, 33 ... Resistance 34, capacitor, 35 ... comparator, 36 ... Numerical circuit 37... Reciprocal calculator 38. Instrument transformer 41. Frequency detecting means 42. Frequency change rate calculator 43 43 Change rate excessive determination unit 44. Voltage fluctuation signal calculator 45. Over-rate determination device, 46 ... timer, 51 ... overcurrent relay, 52 ... overvoltage relay, 53 ... undervoltage relay, 54 ... reverse power relay, 55 ... private power generation equipment installation consumer.

Claims (3)

自動電圧調整器によって出力電圧が調整される発電機を備え、遮断器を介して交流電力系統と逆潮流ありで連系される常用発電装置の系統連系保護装置において、
前記交流電力系統の交流電圧信号を検出する電圧検出手段と、
前記電圧検出手段によって検出された交流電圧信号の実効値を演算する実効値演算回路と、
前記電圧検出手段によって検出された交流電圧信号を、前記実効値演算回路によって演算された実効値で除算した信号に基づき周波数を検出する周波数検出手段と、
前記周波数検出手段によって検出された周波数の変化率を検出する周波数変化率演算器と、
前記周波数変化率演算器によって検出された周波数変化率が正である場合は前記発電機の出力電圧を低下させ、前記周波数変化率が負である場合は前記発電機の出力電圧を上昇させる電圧揺動信号を前記発電機の自動電圧調整器に出力させる電圧揺動信号演算器と、
前記周波数変化率演算器によって検出された周波数変化率が所定値を超えた場合に前記遮断器を開放して前記交流電力系統から前記発電機を解列させる保護手段と、
を具備したことを特徴とする常用発電装置の系統連系保護装置。 In the grid connection protection device of the regular power generator that includes a generator whose output voltage is adjusted by the automatic voltage regulator and is linked to the AC power system through a circuit breaker with a reverse power flow,
Voltage detecting means for detecting an AC voltage signal of the AC power system;
An effective value calculation circuit for calculating an effective value of the AC voltage signal detected by the voltage detection means;
Frequency detection means for detecting a frequency based on a signal obtained by dividing the AC voltage signal detected by the voltage detection means by the effective value calculated by the effective value calculation circuit;
A frequency change rate calculator for detecting a change rate of the frequency detected by the frequency detecting means;
When the frequency change rate detected by the frequency change rate calculator is positive, the output voltage of the generator is decreased, and when the frequency change rate is negative, the voltage fluctuation is increased to increase the output voltage of the generator. A voltage fluctuation signal calculator for outputting a dynamic signal to the automatic voltage regulator of the generator;
Protection means for opening the breaker and disconnecting the generator from the AC power system when the frequency change rate detected by the frequency change rate calculator exceeds a predetermined value;
A system interconnection protection device for a regular power generator. 自動電圧調整器によって出力電圧が調整される発電機を備え、遮断器を介して交流電力系統と逆潮流ありで連系される常用発電装置の系統連系保護装置において、
前記交流電力系統の交流電圧信号を検出する電圧検出手段と、
前記電圧検出手段によって検出された交流電圧信号の平均値を演算する平均値演算回路と、
前記電圧検出手段によって検出された交流電圧信号を、前記平均値演算回路によって演算された平均値で除算した信号に基づき周波数を検出する周波数検出手段と、
前記周波数検出手段によって検出された周波数の変化率を検出する周波数変化率演算器と、
前記周波数変化率演算器によって検出された周波数変化率が正である場合は前記発電機の出力電圧を低下させ、前記周波数変化率が負である場合は前記発電機の出力電圧を上昇させる電圧揺動信号を前記発電機の自動電圧調整器に出力させる電圧揺動信号演算器と、
前記周波数変化率演算器によって検出された周波数変化率が所定値を超えた場合に前記遮断器を開放して前記交流電力系統から前記発電機を解列させる保護手段と、
を具備したことを特徴とする常用発電装置の系統連系保護装置。 In the grid connection protection device of the regular power generator that includes a generator whose output voltage is adjusted by the automatic voltage regulator and is linked to the AC power system through a circuit breaker with reverse power flow,
Voltage detecting means for detecting an AC voltage signal of the AC power system;
An average value calculation circuit for calculating an average value of the AC voltage signal detected by the voltage detection means;
Frequency detection means for detecting a frequency based on a signal obtained by dividing the AC voltage signal detected by the voltage detection means by the average value calculated by the average value calculation circuit;
A frequency change rate calculator for detecting a change rate of the frequency detected by the frequency detection means;
When the frequency change rate detected by the frequency change rate calculator is positive, the output voltage of the generator is decreased, and when the frequency change rate is negative, the voltage change is increased to increase the output voltage of the generator. A voltage fluctuation signal calculator for outputting a dynamic signal to the automatic voltage regulator of the generator;
Protection means for opening the circuit breaker and disconnecting the generator from the AC power system when the frequency change rate detected by the frequency change rate calculator exceeds a predetermined value;
A system interconnection protection device for a regular power generator, comprising: 前記周波数変化率演算器によって検出された周波数変化率が所定値を超えた状態が所定時間継続した場合に前記遮断器を開放する手段を更に具備したことを特徴とする請求項１又は請求項２記載の常用発電装置の系統連系保護装置。   3. The apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising means for opening the circuit breaker when a state in which the frequency change rate detected by the frequency change rate calculator exceeds a predetermined value continues for a predetermined time. The grid connection protection device of the regular power generator as described.
JP2004068891A 2004-03-11 2004-03-11 Grid connection protection device for regular power generator Expired - Fee Related JP4202954B2 (en)

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN109217329A (en) * 2018-09-07 2019-01-15 中国南方电网有限责任公司超高压输电公司昆明局 A kind of alternating current filter group switching state monitoring device and method

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN109217329A (en) * 2018-09-07 2019-01-15 中国南方电网有限责任公司超高压输电公司昆明局 A kind of alternating current filter group switching state monitoring device and method

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