JP2005238102A - Method for cleaning contaminated soil - Google Patents

Method for cleaning contaminated soil Download PDF

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JP2005238102A
JP2005238102A JP2004051426A JP2004051426A JP2005238102A JP 2005238102 A JP2005238102 A JP 2005238102A JP 2004051426 A JP2004051426 A JP 2004051426A JP 2004051426 A JP2004051426 A JP 2004051426A JP 2005238102 A JP2005238102 A JP 2005238102A
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eluate
silt
contaminated soil
cleaning
oil
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JP4351930B2 (en
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Katsumi Uchida
克巳 内田
Yasuyuki Suzuki
康之 鈴木
Norihiko Kaneko
範彦 金子
Takashi Nomoto
岳志 野本
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Nishimatsu Construction Co Ltd
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<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a method for cleaning contaminated soil capable of reducing the amount of industrial waste to be transported outside and waste water, and reducing treatment expense. <P>SOLUTION: The method for cleaning contaminated soil comprises the process of cleaning the contaminated soil and classifying the soil into a coarse grain part which is not contaminated and silt contaminated with a contaminant. An eluting liquid is added to the silt contaminated with the contaminant, the contaminant is eluted in the eluting liquid and then the contaminant is removed from the eluting liquid. Thus, the silt can be cleaned, and utilized as back-filling soil, reducing the treatment expense. Further, since the contaminant is removed from the eluting liquid, the eluting liquid can be reused for cleaning the contaminated soil or the like, thus the expense for waste water treatment can be reduced. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2005,JPO&NCIPI

Description

本発明は、重金属や油に汚染された汚染土壌の洗浄方法に関する。   The present invention relates to a method for cleaning contaminated soil contaminated with heavy metals or oil.

土壌中に浸透した重金属や油等の汚染物質は、土粒子中で比表面積が大きい細粒分（シルト）に吸着する割合が大きい。これを利用した汚染土壌の浄化技術として、汚染土壌を湿式分級して汚染物質が濃縮しているシルトを分離する土壌洗浄方法がある。   Contaminants such as heavy metals and oil that have permeated into the soil have a high rate of adsorption to fine particles (silt) having a large specific surface area in the soil particles. As a purification technique for contaminated soil using this, there is a soil washing method in which the contaminated soil is wet-classified to separate silt in which the pollutants are concentrated.

また、油分を除去する汚染土壌の洗浄方法として、例えば、汚染土壌、水、洗浄剤を混合攪拌し、土粒子の接触摩擦により、汚染されていない粗粒分と、汚染物質が付着したシルトとを分離し、シルトと洗浄液とを貯槽に搬送し、シルトから油分を浮上させて除去するとともに、シルトを脱水処理した後に産業廃棄物として処理する洗浄方法が知られている（例えば、特許文献１参照）。   In addition, as a method of cleaning contaminated soil to remove oil, for example, contaminated soil, water, and cleaning agent are mixed and stirred, and due to contact friction of soil particles, coarse particles that are not contaminated and silt with contaminants attached thereto A cleaning method is known in which the silt and the cleaning liquid are transported to a storage tank, the oil component is floated and removed from the silt, and the silt is treated as industrial waste after being dehydrated (for example, Patent Document 1). reference).

また、シルトに付着した重金属等を溶脱させるために、酸性またはアルカリ性の洗浄液や、界面活性剤を用いる洗浄方法も知られている（例えば、特許文献２参照）。
特開２００３−２５１３３０号公報 特開２００２−８６１２８号公報 In addition, a cleaning method using an acidic or alkaline cleaning liquid or a surfactant for leaching heavy metal adhering to silt is also known (for example, see Patent Document 2).
JP 2003-251330 A JP 2002-86128 A

しかし、シルトを産業廃棄物として全量処理する場合は、その処分費用により全体の処分費が高騰するという問題がある。このため、シルトを多く含む土壌には上記の洗浄方法は不向きであった。   However, when the entire amount of silt is treated as industrial waste, there is a problem that the total disposal cost increases due to the disposal cost. For this reason, the above washing method is not suitable for soil containing a large amount of silt.

また、酸性またはアルカリ性の洗浄液や、界面活性剤を用いてシルトから重金属等を溶脱させる場合には、シルトを産業廃棄物として処理しなくてよいが、重金属等を含む処理廃液を処分する必要があるため、廃水処理費用がかかるという問題があった。   In addition, when leaching heavy metals, etc. from silt using an acidic or alkaline cleaning liquid or a surfactant, it is not necessary to treat silt as industrial waste, but it is necessary to dispose of treatment waste liquid containing heavy metal, etc. Therefore, there was a problem that wastewater treatment costs were required.

本発明の課題は、搬出する産業廃棄物量及び廃水量を低減し、処理費用を低減することができる汚染土壌の洗浄方法を提供することである。   The subject of this invention is providing the washing | cleaning method of the contaminated soil which can reduce the amount of industrial waste and wastewater to carry out, and can reduce processing cost.

以上の課題を解決するため、請求項１に記載の発明は、図１または図２に示すように、汚染土壌を洗浄し、汚染されていない粗粒分と、汚染物質が付着したシルトとに分級する汚染土壌の洗浄方法において、汚染物質が付着したシルトに溶出液を加え、汚染物質を溶出液に溶出させた後に、溶出液から汚染物質を除去することを特徴とする。   In order to solve the above problems, as shown in FIG. 1 or FIG. 2, the invention described in claim 1 is to clean contaminated soil, to obtain coarse particles that are not contaminated and silt to which contaminants adhere. In the method for cleaning contaminated soil to be classified, an eluate is added to the silt to which the pollutant is adhered, and the pollutant is removed from the eluate after the pollutant is eluted into the eluate.

請求項１に記載の発明によれば、汚染物質が付着したシルトに溶出液を加え、汚染物質を溶出液に溶出させた後に、溶出液から汚染物質を除去することで、シルトを浄化することができるため、シルトを埋め戻し土等に利用することができ、処理費用を低減することができる。また、溶出液から汚染物質を除去するため、溶出液を汚染土壌の洗浄等に再利用することができ、廃水処理費用を低減することができる。   According to the first aspect of the present invention, the eluate is added to the silt to which the contaminant is attached, and the contaminant is removed from the eluate after the contaminant is eluted in the eluate. Therefore, silt can be used for backfilling soil and the like, and processing costs can be reduced. Further, since the pollutant is removed from the eluate, the eluate can be reused for cleaning contaminated soil and the wastewater treatment cost can be reduced.

請求項２に記載の発明は、請求項１に記載の汚染土壌の洗浄方法であって、図１に示すように、前記溶出液のｐＨを１０以上１３未満に調整してシルトに付着した重金属を溶出させて除去した後に、溶出液のｐＨを８以上１０未満に低下させて重金属を沈降させることを特徴とする。   The invention according to claim 2 is the method for cleaning contaminated soil according to claim 1, wherein, as shown in FIG. 1, the heavy metal adhered to the silt by adjusting the pH of the eluate to 10 or more and less than 13 After elution, the pH of the eluate is lowered to 8 or more and less than 10 to precipitate heavy metals.

請求項２に記載の発明によれば、溶出液のｐＨを１０以上１３未満に調整してシルトに付着した重金属を溶出させて除去することで、シルトに付着した重金属をシルトから除去することができる。また、重金属を溶解した溶出液のｐＨを８以上１０未満に低下させて重金属を沈降させることで、溶出液から重金属を除去することができるため、溶出液を汚染土壌の洗浄等に再利用することができる。   According to the invention described in claim 2, the heavy metal adhering to the silt can be removed from the silt by adjusting the pH of the eluate to 10 or more and less than 13 to elute and remove the heavy metal adhering to the silt. it can. Moreover, since the heavy metal can be removed from the eluate by lowering the pH of the eluate in which the heavy metal is dissolved to 8 or more and less than 10, the eluate can be reused for cleaning contaminated soil. be able to.

請求項３に記載の発明は、請求項１または２に記載の汚染土壌の洗浄方法であって、図２に示すように、シルトに付着した油分を乳化して溶出させる界面活性剤を前記溶出液に加え、油分を溶出液に溶出させてシルトから除去した後に、油分を溶出液から分離することを特徴とする。   Invention of Claim 3 is the washing | cleaning method of the contaminated soil of Claim 1 or 2, Comprising: As shown in FIG. 2, the said agent which emulsifies and elutes the oil component adhering to silt is said elution In addition to the liquid, the oil component is eluted into the eluate and removed from the silt, and then the oil component is separated from the eluate.

ここで、油分を溶出液から分離する方法としては、例えば、浮上分離、遠心分離、濾過等の方法がある。   Here, examples of a method for separating the oil from the eluate include methods such as flotation separation, centrifugation, and filtration.

請求項３に記載の発明によれば、シルトに付着した油分を乳化して溶出させる界面活性剤を溶出液に加えることで、油分を溶出液に溶出させてシルトから除去することができる。また、シルトに付着した油分を溶出液に溶出させた後に、油分を溶出液から分離することで、溶出液を汚染土壌の洗浄等に再利用することができる。   According to the invention of claim 3, by adding a surfactant that emulsifies and elutes the oil adhering to the silt to the eluate, the oil can be eluted from the eluate and removed from the silt. Moreover, after eluting the oil adhering to silt into the eluate, the eluate can be reused for washing contaminated soil, etc. by separating the oil from the eluate.

本発明によれば、シルトから汚染物質を除去することで、シルトを埋め戻し土等に使用することができ、処理費用を低減することができる。また、溶出液から汚染物質を除去するため、溶出液を汚染土壌の洗浄等に再利用することができ、廃水処理費用を低減することができる。   According to the present invention, by removing contaminants from the silt, the silt can be used for backfilling soil and the like, and processing costs can be reduced. Further, since the pollutant is removed from the eluate, the eluate can be reused for cleaning contaminated soil and the wastewater treatment cost can be reduced.

以下、図を参照して本発明の実施の形態を詳細に説明する。図１は汚染物質が重金属の場合、図２は汚染物質が油分の場合の汚染土壌の洗浄方法を示すフロー図である。図１及び図２において、分級・洗浄プラント１、シックナー２、及び循環水槽３の間で循環水が循環しており、そこに汚染土壌を投入して粒径７５μｍ以上の粗粒分と、重金属や油等の汚染物質が付着した粒径７５μｍ以下の細粒分（シルト）とに分離する。   Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 is a flowchart showing a method for cleaning contaminated soil when the pollutant is heavy metal and FIG. 2 is when the pollutant is oil. 1 and 2, circulating water circulates between the classifying / washing plant 1, thickener 2 and circulating water tank 3, and contaminated soil is added to the coarse particles having a particle size of 75 μm or more, and heavy metals. It is separated into fine particles (silt) having a particle size of 75 μm or less to which contaminants such as oil and oil adhere.

本発明の汚染土壌の洗浄方法は、汚染土壌を循環水で洗浄するとともに分級し、汚染されていない粗粒分を除去する分級・洗浄過程と、循環水中に浮遊するコロイド状のシルトを凝集させて沈降させる凝集・沈降過程と、沈降したシルトに溶出液を加え、シルトに付着した汚染物質を溶出する溶出過程と、汚染物質を溶解した溶出液とシルトとを分離し、溶出液中の汚染物質を分離する分離過程とからなる。   The method for cleaning contaminated soil according to the present invention comprises washing and classifying contaminated soil with circulating water to remove uncontaminated coarse particles, and agglomerating colloidal silt floating in the circulating water. Agglomeration / sedimentation process to settle, elution process of adding the eluate to the settled silt, and elution of the pollutant adhering to the silt, and eluate dissolving the pollutant and silt are separated, and contamination in the eluate And a separation process for separating substances.

分級・洗浄過程は、分級・洗浄プラント１で行われる。分級・洗浄プラント１としては、例えば、グリッドユニット、ドラムウォッシャー、スクリーンユニット、サンドクリーン、サイクロン等から構成されるものが挙げられる。   The classification / cleaning process is performed in the classification / cleaning plant 1. Examples of the classification / washing plant 1 include a grid unit, a drum washer, a screen unit, a sand clean, a cyclone, and the like.

分級・洗浄過程では、例えば、グリッドユニットで粒径４０ｍｍ以上の石塊を除去した汚染土壌をドラムウォッシャーで循環水とともに洗浄し、スクリーンユニットで粒径２〜４０ｍｍの礫を、サンドクリーンやサイクロン等で粒径７５μｍ〜２ｍｍの砂を洗浄して除去する。なおグリッドユニットで除去された粒径４０ｍｍ以上の石塊は、４０ｍｍ以下に解砕した後に再びグリッドユニットに投入する。循環水により洗浄された礫や砂等の粒径７５μｍ以上の粗粒分は、埋め戻し土等に利用することができる。   In the classification and cleaning process, for example, contaminated soil from which stone blocks with a particle size of 40 mm or more have been removed with a grid unit is washed with circulating water with a drum washer, and gravel with a particle size of 2 to 40 mm is washed with a screen unit, such as sand clean or cyclone The sand having a particle size of 75 μm to 2 mm is washed and removed. The stone block having a particle size of 40 mm or more removed by the grid unit is crushed to 40 mm or less and then put into the grid unit again. Coarse particles having a particle size of 75 μm or more such as gravel and sand washed with circulating water can be used as backfill soil.

粒径７５μｍ以下のシルトは、循環水中にコロイド状に浮遊しており、循環水とともにシックナー２へ送出される。   Silt having a particle size of 75 μm or less floats in a colloidal manner in the circulating water and is sent to the thickener 2 together with the circulating water.

凝集・沈降過程では、シックナー２内で、凝集剤等の薬剤を循環水に投入することで、循環水中に浮遊しているシルトを凝集させて沈澱させる。上清は循環水槽３に送出し、循環水として再利用する。沈澱は、スラリー槽４へ搬出する。   In the coagulation / sedimentation process, a chemical such as a coagulant is introduced into the circulating water in the thickener 2 to aggregate and precipitate the silt floating in the circulating water. The supernatant is sent to the circulating water tank 3 and reused as circulating water. The precipitate is carried out to the slurry tank 4.

溶出過程では、スラリー槽４に溶出液を投入し、シルトに付着した汚染物質を溶出液中に溶出させる。ここで、汚染物質が重金属の場合には、ｐＨ１０以上１３未満の溶出液を用いて、シルトに付着した重金属を溶出させる。溶出液のｐＨを１０以上１３未満にするには、例えば消石灰などのアルカリ土類金属塩を用いる方法がある。
なお、強酸性の溶出液でも重金属を溶出することができるが、プラントに用いる金属槽が腐食する恐れがあるため、ｐＨ１０以上１３未満の溶出液を用いることが好ましい。 In the elution process, the eluate is put into the slurry tank 4 and the contaminants adhering to the silt are eluted in the eluate. Here, when the contaminant is heavy metal, the heavy metal adhering to the silt is eluted using an eluate having a pH of 10 or more and less than 13. In order to make the pH of the eluate 10 or more and less than 13, for example, there is a method using an alkaline earth metal salt such as slaked lime.
Although heavy metals can be eluted with a strongly acidic eluate, it is preferable to use an eluate having a pH of 10 or more and less than 13 because the metal tank used in the plant may corrode.

汚染物質が油分の場合には、溶出液として界面活性剤を用いて、油を乳化させてシルトから分離し、溶出液中に溶出させる。重金属や油分などの汚染物質を溶出液に溶解させたら、シルト及び溶出液をフィルタープレス５へ搬出する。   When the pollutant is an oil component, the surfactant is used as an eluent, the oil is emulsified, separated from the silt, and eluted in the eluate. When contaminants such as heavy metals and oil are dissolved in the eluate, the silt and eluate are transferred to the filter press 5.

分離過程では、まず、フィルタープレス５により、シルトから汚染物質を溶出した溶出液を脱水する。フィルタープレス５により脱水されたシルトは汚染物質が除去されているので、埋め戻し土等に利用することができる。シルトから脱水された溶出液は重金属沈殿槽６へ送出される。   In the separation process, first, the eluate from which the contaminants are eluted from the silt is dehydrated by the filter press 5. Since the silt dehydrated by the filter press 5 is free from contaminants, it can be used as backfill soil. The eluate dehydrated from the silt is sent to the heavy metal precipitation tank 6.

次いで、重金属沈澱槽６で溶出液にｐＨ調整剤やキレート剤などの薬品を添加し、溶出液から汚染物質を分離する。汚染物質が重金属の場合には、ｐＨ調整剤を加えて溶出液のｐＨを８以上１０未満とすることで、溶存している重金属を沈降させることができる。ｐＨ調整剤としては、硫酸などの鉱酸を用いることができる。また、キレート剤を用いて重金属を沈降させてもよい。
薬剤を添加された溶出液は、フィルター７で沈降した重金属と分離される。沈降した重金属はフィルター７により除去され、産業廃棄物として搬出する。フィルター７を透過した溶出液は、循環水槽３に送出され、循環水として再利用される。 Next, chemicals such as a pH adjuster and a chelating agent are added to the eluate in the heavy metal precipitation tank 6 to separate contaminants from the eluate. When the pollutant is a heavy metal, the dissolved heavy metal can be precipitated by adding a pH adjuster to adjust the pH of the eluate to 8 or more and less than 10. A mineral acid such as sulfuric acid can be used as the pH adjuster. Further, heavy metals may be precipitated using a chelating agent.
The eluate to which the drug is added is separated from the heavy metal precipitated by the filter 7. The settled heavy metal is removed by the filter 7 and carried out as industrial waste. The eluate that has passed through the filter 7 is sent to the circulating water tank 3 and reused as circulating water.

汚染物質が油分の場合には、油分離装置８により乳化した油分を除去する。油分離装置８としては、遠心分離装置やマイクロエアーによる浮上分離装置、フィルターや砂濾過装置を用いることができる。油分を除去するには、遠心分離装置やマイクロエアーによる浮上分離装置により溶出液を油水分離する。次いで、必要であれば、フィルターや砂濾過装置を用いて浮上した油分を除去してもよい。除去された油分は、産業廃棄物として搬出する。油分を除去された溶出液は、循環水槽に送出され、循環水として再利用される。   If the contaminant is oil, the oil emulsified by the oil separator 8 is removed. As the oil separation device 8, a centrifugal separation device, a floating separation device using micro air, a filter or a sand filtration device can be used. In order to remove the oil, the eluate is separated into oil and water using a centrifugal separator or a micro-air floating separator. Next, if necessary, the oil component that has floated may be removed using a filter or sand filter. The removed oil is carried out as industrial waste. The eluate from which the oil has been removed is sent to a circulating water tank and reused as circulating water.

以上の汚染土壌の洗浄方法によれば、汚染土壌を汚染されていない粗粒分（礫、砂）と、汚染物質の付着したシルトとに分離するとともに、汚染物質をシルトから除去するため、浄化されたシルトを埋め戻し土として利用し、除去された汚染物質のみを産業廃棄物として廃棄するため、廃棄量を減らすことができ、処理費を低下させることができる。   According to the above-described cleaning method for contaminated soil, the contaminated soil is separated into uncontaminated coarse particles (pebbles, sand) and contaminated silt, and purified to remove the contaminant from the silt. Since the silt is used as backfilling soil and only the removed pollutants are discarded as industrial waste, the amount of waste can be reduced and the processing cost can be reduced.

特に、シルトを多く含む汚染土壌では、廃棄量を大幅に減らすことができ、処分費用を
安価に抑えることができる。
また、溶出液から汚染物質を除去して循環水として再利用するため、廃水処理費用を低減することができる。 In particular, in contaminated soil containing a large amount of silt, the amount of waste can be greatly reduced, and the disposal cost can be kept low.
Moreover, since the pollutants are removed from the eluate and reused as circulating water, wastewater treatment costs can be reduced.

なお、以上の実施の形態においては、汚染物質が重金属の場合と油分の場合とに分けて記載したが、重金属と油分との両方の汚染物質により汚染されている場合には、重金属の溶出過程及び分離過程と、油分の溶出過程及び分離過程との両方の過程を設けてもよい。   In the above embodiment, the case where the pollutant is heavy metal and the case where oil is contained is described separately. However, when the pollutant is contaminated with both heavy metal and oil, the process of elution of heavy metal is described. In addition, both a separation process and an oil elution process and a separation process may be provided.

また、分級・洗浄プラントの構成やシックナー、フィルタープレス等の装置も任意であり、その他、具体的な細部構造等についても適宜に変更可能であることは勿論である。   Further, the configuration of the classifying / cleaning plant, the apparatus such as the thickener, the filter press and the like are arbitrary, and it is needless to say that the specific detailed structure can be appropriately changed.

本発明の汚染土壌の洗浄方法を示すフロー図であり、汚染物質が重金属の場合を示す。It is a flowchart which shows the washing | cleaning method of the contaminated soil of this invention, and shows the case where a contaminant is a heavy metal. 同、汚染物質が油の場合を示す。Similarly, the case where the pollutant is oil is shown.

符号の説明Explanation of symbols

１ 分級・洗浄プラント
２ シックナー
３ 循環水槽
４ スラリー槽
５ フィルタープレス
６ 重金属沈澱槽
７ フィルター
８ 油分離装置 1 Classification / washing plant 2 Thickener 3 Circulating water tank 4 Slurry tank 5 Filter press 6 Heavy metal precipitation tank 7 Filter 8 Oil separator

Claims (3)

汚染土壌を洗浄し、汚染されていない粗粒分と、汚染物質が付着したシルトとに分級する汚染土壌の洗浄方法において、
汚染物質が付着したシルトに溶出液を加え、汚染物質を溶出液に溶出させた後に、溶出液から汚染物質を除去することを特徴とする汚染土壌の洗浄方法。 In the cleaning method for contaminated soil, the contaminated soil is washed and classified into uncontaminated coarse particles and silt with contaminated substances.
A method for cleaning contaminated soil, comprising adding an eluate to a silt to which a contaminant is attached, eluting the contaminant into the eluate, and then removing the contaminant from the eluate. 前記溶出液のｐＨを１０以上１３未満に調整してシルトに付着した重金属を溶出させて除去した後に、溶出液のｐＨを８以上１０未満に低下させて重金属を沈降させることを特徴とする請求項１に記載の汚染土壌の洗浄方法。   The pH of the eluate is adjusted to 10 or more and less than 13 to elute and remove heavy metals adhering to the silt, and then the pH of the eluate is lowered to 8 or more and less than 10 to precipitate heavy metals. Item 2. A method for cleaning contaminated soil according to Item 1. シルトに付着した油分を乳化して溶出させる界面活性剤を前記溶出液に加え、油分を溶出液に溶出させてシルトから除去した後に、油分を溶出液から分離することを特徴とする請求項１または２に記載の汚染土壌の洗浄方法。   2. A surfactant for emulsifying and eluting the oil adhering to the silt is added to the eluate, and the oil is separated from the eluate after the oil is eluted into the eluate and removed from the silt. Or the washing | cleaning method of the contaminated soil of 2.
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CN105399180A (en) * 2015-12-31 2016-03-16 杭州电子科技大学 Method for recovering surfactant in soil eluting solution

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