JP2005233264A

JP2005233264A - Wet type clutch

Info

Publication number: JP2005233264A
Application number: JP2004041473A
Authority: JP
Inventors: Akihiko Kasai; 昭彦葛西; Toyomi Fujimori; 豊美藤森
Original assignee: Tokai Carbon Co Ltd
Current assignee: Tokai Carbon Co Ltd
Priority date: 2004-02-18
Filing date: 2004-02-18
Publication date: 2005-09-02

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a wet type clutch having excellent durability owing to less wear amount of a friction plate and its mating plate, equipped with an improved friction coefficient μ, and exerting a sufficient torque transmitting characteristic even under the condition in which a process to generate a higher contacting pressure is applied. <P>SOLUTION: The wet type clutch equipped with the friction plate and the mating plate whereto the friction plate is put in pressure contact, wherein the friction facing of the friction plate is formed from a carbon fiber reinforced resin plate having 0.5-20 % porosity produced by impregnating a carbon fiber cloth with thermo-hardening resin followed by heat hardening, while the mating plate is formed from a steel plate having 0.5 μm or below center line mean roughness Ra and 200 or more surface hardness Hv. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2005,JPO&NCIPI

Description

本発明は、湿式クラッチ、詳しくは、相対する摩擦板と相手板との間に潤滑油などの油液が介在する状態で使用される湿式クラッチにおける摩擦板および相手板の組合わせの改良に関する。 The present invention relates to a wet clutch, and more particularly, to an improved combination of a friction plate and a mating plate in a wet clutch used in a state where an oil liquid such as lubricating oil is interposed between an opposing friction plate and a mating plate.

湿式クラッチにおいては、摩擦板とこの摩擦板が圧接する相手板とが交互に重ね合わされて配列され、摩擦板と相手板との摩擦力によりクラッチの接続が行われるようになっている。近年、クラッチ装置には効率化・軽量化や経済的な事由から小型化・高負荷化が求められており、限られたスペースで十分な摩擦力を発生させるために、摩擦材と相手材との圧接力を増加する手法（高面圧化手法）が試みられている。 In a wet clutch, a friction plate and a mating plate with which the friction plate is pressed are alternately stacked and arranged, and the clutch is connected by a frictional force between the friction plate and the mating plate. In recent years, clutch devices have been required to be smaller and have higher loads for efficiency, weight reduction, and economic reasons. In order to generate sufficient frictional force in a limited space, the friction material and the counterpart material Attempts have been made to increase the pressure contact force (high surface pressure method).

上記の手法を実施すために、摩擦板をカーボン繊維強化炭素質複合材（Ｃ／Ｃコンポジット）で構成し、強化材の炭素繊維を摩擦摺動方向と平行に配列し、相手板を硬さＨｖ４００以上で表面粗さが１．０μＲＺ以下の鋼板で構成して、摩擦係数のバラツキを抑制し、異音の発生を防止した湿式クラッチが提案されている（特許文献１参照）が、摩擦係数が低いために、必要十分な摩擦力を得るに至っていない。 In order to carry out the above method, the friction plate is composed of carbon fiber reinforced carbon composite material (C / C composite), the carbon fibers of the reinforcement material are arranged in parallel with the friction sliding direction, and the mating plate is made hard. There has been proposed a wet clutch composed of a steel plate having a surface roughness of Hv400 or more and a surface roughness of 1.0 μRZ or less, which suppresses variations in the friction coefficient and prevents the generation of abnormal noise (see Patent Document 1). Therefore, the necessary and sufficient frictional force has not been obtained.

また、高摩擦係数を有するペーパー質摩擦材を用い、ロックアップピストンおよびコンバータカバーの一方に湿式摩擦フェーシング材を設けると共に、該湿式摩擦フェーシング材が圧接する他方の摩擦相手面の表面硬さをビッカース硬さでＨｖ６００以上とし、且つ表面粗さを中心線平均粗さ（Ｒａ）で０．１μｍ以下としたトルクコンバータのロックアップクラッチ装置も提案されている（特許文献２参照）が、比較的強度の小さいペーパー質摩擦材は、過大な面圧を加えると圧縮変形して気孔率が減少するために摩擦係数の顕著な低下を示し、高面圧が摩擦材に繰り返し加わると、摩擦材を接着している芯材との剥離が生じるおそれがあるため、高面圧化手法を適用するには用途上制限されるという問題がある。 Also, a paper-type friction material having a high friction coefficient is used, and a wet friction facing material is provided on one of the lock-up piston and the converter cover, and the surface hardness of the other friction mating surface to which the wet friction facing material is in pressure contact is determined by Vickers. A torque converter lock-up clutch device having a hardness of Hv 600 or more and a surface roughness of 0.1 μm or less in center line average roughness (Ra) has also been proposed (see Patent Document 2). The paper-type friction material with a small size exhibits a significant decrease in the coefficient of friction due to compressive deformation and a decrease in porosity when an excessive surface pressure is applied. When a high surface pressure is repeatedly applied to the friction material, the friction material is bonded. Since there is a possibility that the core material is peeled off, there is a problem in that the application of the high surface pressure technique is limited in use.

発明者らは、湿式クラッチにおける上記の問題点を解消し、高面圧化手法適用条件下においても、摩耗量が少なく、向上した摩擦係数（μ）を有するような摩擦板と相手板の組合わせを得るために、まず摩擦板について検討を行った結果、炭素繊維クロスに熱硬化性樹脂を含浸し加熱硬化してなる炭素繊維強化樹脂板（特許文献３参照）が有効であることを見出した。
実公平６−２５７１３号公報特開平４−１６５１５２号公報特開平９−３２４０５５号公報 The inventors have solved the above-mentioned problems in wet clutches, and are a combination of a friction plate and a counterpart plate that has a small amount of wear and an improved friction coefficient (μ) even under conditions where a high surface pressure technique is applied. In order to obtain the matching, first, the friction plate was examined, and as a result, it was found that a carbon fiber reinforced resin plate (see Patent Document 3) obtained by impregnating a carbon fiber cloth with a thermosetting resin and heat curing was effective. It was.
Japanese Utility Model Publication No. 6-25713 JP-A-4-165152 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 9-324055

本発明は、上記の知見をベースとして、さらに試験、検討を重ねた結果、摩擦板として、上記の炭素繊維強化樹脂板からなる摩擦板を摩擦板を適用し、相手板として、特定の硬さと表面粗さをそなえた鋼板を組合わせた場合に、湿式クラッチとして優れた性能が達成できることを見出して本発明に至ったものであり、その目的は、摩擦板および相手板の摩耗量が少ないため耐久性に優れ、改善された摩擦係数（μ）をそなえ、高面圧化手法適用条件下でも十分なトルク伝達特性を発揮し得る湿式クラッチを提供することにある。 The present invention is based on the above knowledge, and as a result of further tests and examinations, as a friction plate, the friction plate made of the above-mentioned carbon fiber reinforced resin plate is applied to the friction plate, and a specific hardness and When combining steel plates with a surface roughness, the inventors found that excellent performance as a wet clutch can be achieved, and the present invention has been achieved, and the purpose thereof is that the wear amount of the friction plate and the counterpart plate is small. An object of the present invention is to provide a wet clutch that is excellent in durability, has an improved coefficient of friction (μ), and can exhibit sufficient torque transmission characteristics even under conditions where a high surface pressure technique is applied.

上記の目的を達成するための請求項１による湿式クラッチは、摩擦板と該摩擦板が圧接する相手板をそなえた湿式クラッチにおいて、摩擦板の摩擦フェーシングが炭素繊維クロスに熱硬化性樹脂を含浸、加熱硬化してなる気孔率が０．５〜２０％の炭素繊維強化樹脂板で構成され、相手板が中心線平均粗さ（Ｒａ）０．５μｍ以下、表面硬度（Ｈｖ）２００以上の鋼板で構成されることを特徴とする。 In order to achieve the above object, the wet clutch according to claim 1 is a wet clutch comprising a friction plate and a mating plate against which the friction plate is pressed, and the friction facing of the friction plate impregnates a carbon fiber cloth with a thermosetting resin. The steel plate is composed of a carbon fiber reinforced resin plate having a porosity of 0.5 to 20% formed by heat curing, and the mating plate has a center line average roughness (Ra) of 0.5 μm or less and a surface hardness (Hv) of 200 or more. It is characterized by comprising.

請求項２による湿式クラッチは、請求項１において、前記相手板の中心線平均粗さ（Ｒａ）０．３μｍ以下で、表面硬度（Ｈｖ）が３００以上であることを特徴とする。 The wet clutch according to claim 2 is characterized in that, in claim 1, the mating plate has a center line average roughness (Ra) of 0.3 μm or less and a surface hardness (Hv) of 300 or more.

本発明によれば、摩擦板および相手板の摩耗量が少ないため耐久性に優れ、改善された摩擦係数（μ）をそなえ、高面圧化手法適用条件下でも十分なトルク伝達特性を発揮し得る湿式クラッチが提供される。 According to the present invention, since the friction plate and the mating plate have a small amount of wear, they are excellent in durability, have an improved friction coefficient (μ), and exhibit sufficient torque transmission characteristics even under high surface pressure application conditions. A resulting wet clutch is provided.

本発明においては、摩擦板の摩擦フェーシングとして、炭素繊維クロスに熱硬化性樹脂を含浸、加熱硬化してなる炭素繊維強化樹脂（ＣＦＲＰ）を適用する。炭素繊維基材としては、例えばポリアクリロニトリル系、レーヨン系などの原料から製造されたものが用いられ、炭素繊維クロスとしては平織のものを使用するのが好ましい。 In the present invention, carbon fiber reinforced resin (CFRP) obtained by impregnating a carbon fiber cloth with a thermosetting resin and heat-curing is applied as friction facing of the friction plate. As the carbon fiber substrate, for example, those manufactured from raw materials such as polyacrylonitrile and rayon are used, and it is preferable to use plain weave as the carbon fiber cloth.

炭素繊維クロスに含浸する熱硬化性樹脂としては、例えばフェノール樹脂液、エポキシ樹脂液などが用いられ、これらの樹脂液をエタノールなどの有機溶剤に溶解した溶液として炭素繊維クロスに含浸し、風乾して有機溶剤を揮散除去してプリプレグシートを得たのち、プリプレグを金属板、セラミック板などに挟持して加圧下で加熱炉内で加熱硬化し、炭素繊維強化樹脂（ＣＦＲＰ）板とする。 As the thermosetting resin impregnated in the carbon fiber cloth, for example, a phenol resin liquid, an epoxy resin liquid, or the like is used. The carbon fiber cloth is impregnated as a solution obtained by dissolving these resin liquids in an organic solvent such as ethanol and air-dried. After removing the organic solvent to obtain a prepreg sheet, the prepreg is sandwiched between a metal plate, a ceramic plate and the like, and is heated and cured in a heating furnace under pressure to obtain a carbon fiber reinforced resin (CFRP) plate.

得られた炭素繊維強化樹脂（ＣＦＲＰ）板を所定の形状に裁断加工し、例えばニトリルゴムとフェノール樹脂とカーボンブラックからなる接着材を介して金属支持板に接合して摩擦板とする（特開平１１−３４９９２４号公報）。摩擦フェーシングを構成する上記ＣＦＲＰ板は、気孔率が０．５〜２０％のものが好ましく、気孔率をこの範囲に調整することにより、摩擦係数と耐摩耗性をバランス良く付与することができる。 The obtained carbon fiber reinforced resin (CFRP) plate is cut into a predetermined shape and bonded to a metal support plate through an adhesive made of, for example, nitrile rubber, phenol resin, and carbon black to form a friction plate (Japanese Patent Laid-Open 11-349924). The CFRP plate constituting the friction facing preferably has a porosity of 0.5 to 20%. By adjusting the porosity within this range, the friction coefficient and the wear resistance can be imparted with a good balance.

摩擦板の摩擦フェーシングが圧接する相手板は、中心線平均粗さ（Ｒａ）０．５μｍ以下、表面硬度（Ｈｖ）１６０以上の鋼板で構成される。表面粗さを、中心線平均粗さ（Ｒａ）０．５μｍ以下とすることにより摩擦材の摩耗量が低減し耐久性が向上する。また、相手板の中心線平均粗さ（Ｒａ）を０．３μｍ以下で、表面硬度（Ｈｖ）を３００以上とすることにより、摩擦材の摩耗量が少なくなり耐久性の向上が得られる。 The mating plate to which the friction facing of the friction plate is pressed is made of a steel plate having a center line average roughness (Ra) of 0.5 μm or less and a surface hardness (Hv) of 160 or more. By setting the surface roughness to a center line average roughness (Ra) of 0.5 μm or less, the wear amount of the friction material is reduced and the durability is improved. Further, when the center line average roughness (Ra) of the mating plate is 0.3 μm or less and the surface hardness (Hv) is 300 or more, the wear amount of the friction material is reduced, and the durability is improved.

相手板の鋼板は、所定のリング形状に裁断加工し、必要に応じて、窒化、浸炭などの処理を行って表面硬度（Ｈｖ）を１６０以上とし、バレル研磨、バフ研磨などを行って表面粗さ（Ｒａ）を０．５μｍ以下とする。 The mating steel plate is cut into a predetermined ring shape, and if necessary, the surface hardness (Hv) is set to 160 or more by nitriding, carburizing, etc., and the surface is roughened by barrel polishing, buffing, etc. The thickness (Ra) is 0.5 μm or less.

本発明は、前記のように、摩擦板と該摩擦板が圧接する相手板をそなえた湿式クラッチにおいて、炭素繊維強化樹脂板からなる摩擦フェーシングと、特定の表面粗さと表面硬度を有する鋼板からなる相手板との組合わせにより優れた耐摩耗性、摩擦係数の向上を達成するものである。 The present invention, as described above, in a wet clutch having a friction plate and a mating plate against which the friction plate is pressed, comprises a friction facing made of a carbon fiber reinforced resin plate, and a steel plate having a specific surface roughness and surface hardness. The combination with the mating plate achieves excellent wear resistance and improved friction coefficient.

以下、本発明の実施例を比較例と対比して説明し、その効果を実証する。なお、これらの実施例は本発明の好ましい一実施態様を示すものであり、本発明はこれに限定されるものではない。 Examples of the present invention will be described below in comparison with comparative examples to demonstrate the effects. These examples show one preferred embodiment of the present invention, and the present invention is not limited thereto.

実施例１〜２、比較例１〜２
ポリアクリロニトリル系の炭素繊維平織クロスを用い、常法によりフェノール樹脂液を塗布、含浸させたのち、風乾し、炭素質平板に挟持して電気炉内において加圧下で２５０℃に２時間保持して硬化させ、炭素繊維強化樹脂板（ＣＦＲＰ板）を得た。この場合、水銀ポロシメータを用いて測定したＣＦＲＰ板の気孔率は４．７％であった。 Examples 1-2 and Comparative Examples 1-2
Using a polyacrylonitrile-based carbon fiber plain weave cloth, applying and impregnating a phenolic resin solution by a conventional method, air-drying, sandwiching it in a carbonaceous flat plate, and holding at 250 ° C. for 2 hours under pressure in an electric furnace Curing was performed to obtain a carbon fiber reinforced resin plate (CFRP plate). In this case, the porosity of the CFRP plate measured using a mercury porosimeter was 4.7%.

比較例３
フェノール樹脂液の塗布量を少なく操作する以外は、上記実施例と同様の手法で炭素繊維強化樹脂板（ＣＦＲＰ板）を得た。測定したＣＦＲＰ板の気孔率は２２％であった。 Comparative Example 3
A carbon fiber reinforced resin plate (CFRP plate) was obtained in the same manner as in the above example except that the amount of the phenol resin solution applied was reduced. The measured porosity of the CFRP plate was 22%.

得られたＣＦＲＰ板を外径８０ｍｍ、内径５０ｍｍ、平均さ厚さ０．５ｍｍのリング形状に裁断加工し、ニトリルゴムとフェノール樹脂とカーボンブラックからなる接着材フィルムをＣＦＲＰ板と同一形状に加工して、この接着材フィルムを介して、ショットブラストを予め施した円環状の金属支持板にＣＦＲＰ板を張り合わせて加熱加圧接着を行い、摩擦板を作製した。 The obtained CFRP plate was cut into a ring shape having an outer diameter of 80 mm, an inner diameter of 50 mm, and an average thickness of 0.5 mm, and an adhesive film made of nitrile rubber, phenol resin, and carbon black was processed into the same shape as the CFRP plate. Then, a CFRP plate was bonded to an annular metal support plate that had been previously shot blasted through this adhesive film, and heat-press adhesion was performed to produce a friction plate.

比較例４
炭素繊維の基材にフェノール樹脂を含浸したものを積層し、硬化させて成形体とした。この成形体を１０００℃に焼成、炭化処理してＣ／Ｃコンポジットとし、含浸および焼成の工程を２回行ったものをＣＶＤ処理により炭素を充填して高密度化した後、３０００℃で熱処理して気孔率１４％のＣ／Ｃコンポジット摩擦材を得た。これを金属支持板に接合して摩擦板とした。 Comparative Example 4
A carbon fiber base material impregnated with a phenol resin was laminated and cured to form a molded body. This molded body was fired and carbonized at 1000 ° C. to obtain a C / C composite, and after impregnation and firing processes were performed twice by filling with carbon by CVD treatment and heat-treated at 3000 ° C. Thus, a C / C composite friction material having a porosity of 14% was obtained. This was joined to a metal support plate to obtain a friction plate.

比較例５
アラミド繊維、リンターパルプ、カシューダストレンジ、人造黒鉛粉および珪藻土を抄造したシートに、フェノール樹脂を含浸硬化したペーパー摩擦材を金属支持板に熱圧接合して摩擦板を作製した。得られた摩擦板の気孔率は３５％であった。 Comparative Example 5
A sheet of paper made of aramid fiber, linter pulp, cashew dust range, artificial graphite powder, and diatomaceous earth was hot-pressure bonded to a metal support plate with a paper friction material impregnated and cured with a phenol resin to produce a friction plate. The resulting friction plate had a porosity of 35%.

相手板として、鋼板（ＳＫ５）を外径８０ｍｍ、内径５０ｍｍに加工後、表１に示す表面硬度および表面粗さに調整し、この相手板と上記摩擦板を使用して、有効半径：０．０３５ｍ、面圧：８ＭＰａ、回転数：２０ｒｐｍ、潤滑油：ギアオイル（ＧＬ−５）、油温：８０℃で、連続１００時間の摩擦試験を行い、試験中の摩擦係数、試験後の摩擦板および相手板の摩耗量を測定した。結果を表１に示す。 After processing a steel plate (SK5) to an outer diameter of 80 mm and an inner diameter of 50 mm as a mating plate, the surface hardness and surface roughness shown in Table 1 were adjusted, and using this mating plate and the friction plate, an effective radius: 0. 035 m, surface pressure: 8 MPa, rotation speed: 20 rpm, lubricating oil: gear oil (GL-5), oil temperature: 80 ° C., a continuous 100 hour friction test was conducted, the friction coefficient during the test, the friction plate after the test, The wear amount of the mating plate was measured. The results are shown in Table 1.

表１に示すように、本発明に従う組合わせ（発明Ｎｏ．１〜２）はいずれも、摩擦係数が０．１２付近を示し、５時間後と１００時間後の変化は少なく安定した摩擦特性を示している。また摩擦板・相手板共に摩耗量が少なく優れた摩擦特性をそなえている。 As shown in Table 1, all the combinations according to the present invention (Invention Nos. 1 and 2) have a friction coefficient of around 0.12, showing little change after 5 hours and 100 hours, and stable friction characteristics. Show. In addition, both the friction plate and the mating plate have low friction and excellent friction characteristics.

これに対して、表面粗さ（Ｒａ）が０．８μｍと大きい鋼板を相手板とした組合わせ（比較Ｎｏ．１）は摩擦板の摩耗量が発明Ｎｏ．１〜２の２倍を越え、表面硬度（Ｈｖ）が１６０と小さい鋼板を相手板とした組合わせ（比較Ｎｏ．２）は、摩擦板・相手板共に摩耗量が発明Ｎｏ．１〜２の２倍を越えている。また、気孔率が２２％と大きい摩擦板を組合せたもの（比較Ｎｏ．３）は、摩擦板の摩耗量が発明Ｎｏ．１〜２の４倍を越える値に増大した。 On the other hand, in the combination (comparative No. 1) in which the steel plate having a large surface roughness (Ra) of 0.8 μm was used as the mating plate (comparative No. 1), the wear amount of the friction plate was the invention No. 1. In the combination (comparative No. 2) in which the steel plate having a small surface hardness (Hv) of 160, which is more than twice as large as 1-2, was used for the friction plate and the counterpart plate, the wear amount of the invention No. It is twice as large as 1-2. Further, a combination of friction plates having a porosity as high as 22% (Comparative No. 3) has a friction plate wear amount of Invention No. It increased to a value exceeding 4 times 1 to 2.

Ｃ／Ｃコンポジットを摩擦板とする組合せ（比較Ｎｏ．４）は、摩擦係数が０．０９７以下と低く、摩耗量は摩擦板・相手板共に発明Ｎｏ．１〜２の３倍を越える値に増大し、摩耗特性の劣るものとなっている。ペーパー摩擦板を組合せたもの（比較Ｎｏ．５）は、初期の摩擦係数は０．１５８と高いものの、以後、摩擦係数は時間と共に顕著に減少して１００時間後には０．０９２となった。摩擦板の摩耗量は発明Ｎｏ．１〜２の２倍を越え、耐久性に劣るものとなっている。 In the combination (comparative No. 4) in which the C / C composite is a friction plate, the friction coefficient is as low as 0.097 or less, and the wear amount is the invention No. in both the friction plate and the counterpart plate. It increases to a value exceeding 3 times 1 to 2, resulting in poor wear characteristics. The combination of the paper friction plates (Comparative No. 5) had an initial coefficient of friction as high as 0.158, but thereafter the coefficient of friction decreased significantly with time and became 0.092 after 100 hours. The wear amount of the friction plate is the same as that of Invention No. It exceeds 1 or 2 times, and is inferior in durability.

Claims

摩擦板と該摩擦板が圧接する相手板をそなえた湿式クラッチにおいて、摩擦板の摩擦フェーシングが炭素繊維クロスに熱硬化性樹脂を含浸、加熱硬化してなる気孔率が０．５〜２０％の炭素繊維強化樹脂板で構成され、相手板が中心線平均粗さ（Ｒａ）０．５μｍ以下、表面硬度（Ｈｖ）２００以上の鋼板で構成されることを特徴とする湿式クラッチ。 In a wet clutch having a friction plate and a mating plate against which the friction plate is pressed, the friction face of the friction plate is impregnated with a carbon fiber cloth impregnated with a thermosetting resin, and has a porosity of 0.5 to 20%. A wet clutch comprising a carbon fiber reinforced resin plate, and a mating plate comprising a steel plate having a center line average roughness (Ra) of 0.5 μm or less and a surface hardness (Hv) of 200 or more.

前記相手板の中心線平均粗さ（Ｒａ）０．３μｍ以下で、表面硬度（Ｈｖ）が３００以上であることを特徴とする請求項１記載の湿式クラッチ。
The wet clutch according to claim 1, wherein the counter plate has a center line average roughness (Ra) of 0.3 µm or less and a surface hardness (Hv) of 300 or more.