JP2005152778A - Filtration tank and method for cleaning inside of filtration tank - Google Patents

Filtration tank and method for cleaning inside of filtration tank Download PDF

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JP2005152778A
JP2005152778A JP2003394597A JP2003394597A JP2005152778A JP 2005152778 A JP2005152778 A JP 2005152778A JP 2003394597 A JP2003394597 A JP 2003394597A JP 2003394597 A JP2003394597 A JP 2003394597A JP 2005152778 A JP2005152778 A JP 2005152778A
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filter medium
filtration
treated water
filtration tank
water discharge
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Akiyoshi Hasegawa
明寿 長谷川
Harumori Kawagoe
治衛 川越
Chihiro I
千尋 井
Naohiko Sugimoto
直彦 杉本
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Panasonic Electric Works Co Ltd
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Matsushita Electric Works Ltd
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    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02WCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W10/00Technologies for wastewater treatment
    • Y02W10/10Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage

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Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a filtration tank and a method for washing the inside of the filtration tank capable of making the pressure balance of washing water and air ejected to filtration medium constituting a filtration layer uniform and elevating the washing efficiency of filtration medium by feeding the cleaning water and air into the whole of the filtration layer uniformly. <P>SOLUTION: When raw water supplied from a raw water supply pipe 2 is passed in from the upper part of the filtration tank 1, the raw water is passed through an upper filter medium runoff prevention sprinkling strainer 3, flow out of the side surface of the upper filter medium runoff prevention sprinkling strainer 3 and flow down to the filtration layer 4. Treated water cleaned by the filtration layer 4 is passed through a filter medium support plate 5 and is discharged via a treated water discharge pipe 6. When the filter medium forming the filtration layer 4 is washed, air is supplied from a blower 7, the washing water is supplied from a treated water discharge pipe 6 and both are ejected from through-holes disposed on the filter medium support plate 5. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2005,JPO&NCIPI

Description

本発明は、排水中に含まれる浮遊物を物理除去するためのろ過材、または溶解性物質を除去するために微生物を定着させるろ過材によりろ過層を形成させたろ過槽およびそのろ過槽内の洗浄方法に関する。   The present invention relates to a filter medium for physically removing suspended matter contained in wastewater, or a filter tank having a filter layer formed by a filter medium for fixing microorganisms to remove soluble substances, and the filter tank The present invention relates to a cleaning method.

汚水や濁水の処理装置は、円形、または矩形等のろ過槽内に、砂利、砂、活性炭、プラスチックろ過材等の担体のろ過材を充填してろ過層を形成し、ろ過槽上部から原水を供給して下向流で通水したり、またろ過槽下部から原水を供給して上向流で通水し、浮遊物を物理的に除去する。また、粒状担体のろ過材に微生物を定着させ、有機物や窒素成分などの溶解物質を生物酸化処理したりしている。   A sewage or muddy water treatment device is filled with a filter medium such as gravel, sand, activated carbon, or plastic filter medium in a circular or rectangular filter tank to form a filter layer, and raw water is supplied from the top of the filter tank. Supply and pass water in a downward flow, or supply raw water from the lower part of the filtration tank and pass it in an upward flow to physically remove suspended matter. In addition, microorganisms are fixed on the particulate carrier filter medium, and dissolved substances such as organic substances and nitrogen components are biologically oxidized.

これらのろ過槽は一定期間ろ過処理を行うと、浮遊物質や生物膜によりろ過層が目詰まりを起こすため、定期的にろ過槽内の特にろ過材の洗浄を行う必要がある。   When these filtration tanks are subjected to filtration treatment for a certain period, the filtration layer is clogged with suspended solids and biofilms, so it is necessary to regularly clean the filter medium in the filtration tank regularly.

ろ過材の洗浄方法としては、ろ過槽内の下部に洗浄用の散気管を配置し、散気管に設けられた複数の孔から空気を噴出させて、ろ過槽内に注入された洗浄水とともにろ過材に付着した浮遊物や生物膜を剥離させ、洗浄排水としてろ過槽外に排出するようにしている。   As a method of cleaning the filter media, a cleaning air diffuser pipe is arranged in the lower part of the filter tank, air is blown out from a plurality of holes provided in the air diffuser pipe, and filtered together with the wash water injected into the filter tank. The suspended matter and biofilm attached to the material are peeled off and discharged out of the filtration tank as washing wastewater.

例えば、ろ過槽下部に設けられた散気洗浄装置を有孔ブロック構造とし、この散気洗浄装置から、洗浄水と洗浄空気を同時に発生させ、有孔ブロックを通じてろ過材を洗浄する方法が提供されている(例えば、特許文献1参照)。   For example, a diffuser cleaning device provided at the lower part of the filtration tank has a perforated block structure, and from this diffuser cleaning device, there is provided a method for simultaneously generating cleaning water and cleaning air and cleaning the filter medium through the perforated block. (For example, refer to Patent Document 1).

また、ろ過材支持板の中心部を水平に、外周部を截頭円錐筒状に形成し、洗浄空気噴出機構をろ過材支持板の下部に設けて洗浄用空気を噴出させ、洗浄水はろ過槽の周壁下部に設けられた洗浄水供給口より供給して、ろ過材の洗浄を行うことが提案されている(例えば、特許文献2参照)。
特開平5−329491号公報 特開平10−230106号公報
In addition, the central part of the filter medium support plate is formed horizontally and the outer peripheral part is formed in the shape of a frustoconical cylinder. A cleaning air ejection mechanism is provided at the lower part of the filter medium support plate to eject cleaning air, and the cleaning water is filtered. It has been proposed to wash the filter medium by supplying it from a washing water supply port provided at the lower peripheral wall of the tank (see, for example, Patent Document 2).
Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 5-329491 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 10-230106

しかし、上記従来の技術では、散気管や散気洗浄装置がろ過層断面全体に広がっているため、全ての孔から洗浄に最低限必要な空気量や洗浄水量を送るためバランスを取るのが非常に難しく、また、最低限必要な水圧や空気圧を確保するためにポンプやブロワー、コンプレッサー等の空気供給装置に高性能のものを使用しなけらばならない等の問題があり、大量の原水を処理するためにろ過槽の口径を大きくした場合さらに高性能の空気供給装置が必要となる。   However, in the above-mentioned conventional technology, the diffuser pipe and diffuser cleaning device are spread over the entire cross section of the filtration layer, so it is very important to balance in order to send the minimum amount of air and water for cleaning from all the holes. In addition, there is a problem that high-performance air supply devices such as pumps, blowers and compressors must be used to secure the minimum required water pressure and air pressure. Therefore, when the diameter of the filtration tank is increased, a higher performance air supply device is required.

また、ろ過材支持板の中心部を水平に、外周部を截頭円錐筒状に形成し、その下方より洗浄空気と洗浄水を流す構造のものについても、ろ過材支持板の全ての孔から均等な洗浄用空気や洗浄水の出力圧を得るのが非常に難しく、ろ過材支持板の孔からろ過材に供給される洗浄水や洗浄空気は、各ろ過材に均等に行き渡らないのでろ過材の洗浄効率が悪い。   In addition, the filter media support plate has a central portion formed horizontally and an outer peripheral portion in the shape of a truncated conical cylinder, and a structure in which washing air and washing water are flowed from below is provided through all holes of the filter media support plate. It is very difficult to obtain an equal output pressure for cleaning air and cleaning water, and the cleaning water and cleaning air supplied to the filter media from the holes in the filter media support plate do not reach the filter media evenly. The cleaning efficiency is poor.

本発明は、上述した課題を解決するために創案されたものであり、ろ過層を構成するろ過材に対して噴射される洗浄水や空気の圧力バランスを均等にして、ろ過材の洗浄を均一に行うことができるとともに、ろ過層全体に均等に洗浄水や空気を送り込んでろ過材洗浄効率を上げることができるろ過槽およびろ過槽内の洗浄方法を提供することを目的としている。   The present invention was devised to solve the above-described problems, and evenly cleans the filter medium by equalizing the pressure balance of the wash water and air sprayed on the filter medium constituting the filter layer. It is an object of the present invention to provide a filtration tank and a cleaning method for the inside of the filtration tank that can improve the efficiency of washing the filter medium by uniformly supplying washing water and air to the entire filtration layer.

上記目的を達成するために、請求項1記載の発明は、上部から原水を供給する原水供給部と、原水をろ過するろ過層と、ろ過された処理水を下部から排出する処理水排出管とを備え、前記処理水排出管の排水口からろ過層を洗浄する空気又は洗浄水を供給するろ過槽において、前記ろ過層を形成するろ過材を支持するろ過材支持板を曲面状にして前記処理水排出管の排水口を被うようにし、前記ろ過材支持板の曲面状部分に複数の貫通孔を点在させたことを特徴とするろ過槽である。   In order to achieve the above object, the invention described in claim 1 includes a raw water supply unit that supplies raw water from above, a filtration layer that filters raw water, and a treated water discharge pipe that discharges filtered treated water from below. A filtration tank for supplying air or washing water for washing the filtration layer from a drain outlet of the treated water discharge pipe, and forming the filtration material support plate for supporting the filtration material forming the filtration layer into a curved shape It is a filtration tank characterized by covering a drain outlet of a water discharge pipe and having a plurality of through holes scattered in the curved surface portion of the filter medium support plate.

また、請求項2記載の発明は、前記ろ過材支持板の曲面状部分に設けられた複数の貫通孔は、貫通孔の角度が曲面に対して垂直でかつ前記排水口の中心から放射状に拡がっていることを特徴とする請求項1記載のろ過槽である。 According to a second aspect of the present invention, the plurality of through holes provided in the curved surface portion of the filter medium support plate have an angle of the through holes perpendicular to the curved surface and radially extend from the center of the drain port. It is a filtration tank of Claim 1 characterized by the above-mentioned.

また、請求項3記載の発明は、前記ろ過材支持板の曲面状部分に設けられた複数の貫通孔は、曲面の頂点に近づく程貫通孔の口径が小さくなっていくことを特徴とする請求項1又は請求項2記載のろ過槽である。   Further, the invention according to claim 3 is characterized in that the diameter of the plurality of through holes provided in the curved portion of the filter medium support plate becomes smaller as approaching the apex of the curved surface. It is a filtration tank of claim | item 1 or claim 2.

また、請求項4記載の発明は、前記ろ過材支持板の曲面状部分に設けられた複数の貫通孔は、曲面の頂点に近づく程貫通孔の数の密度が低くなっていくことを特徴とする請求項1又は請求項2記載のろ過槽である。   The invention according to claim 4 is characterized in that the plurality of through-holes provided in the curved portion of the filter medium support plate has a density of the number of through-holes that decreases toward the top of the curved surface. It is a filtration tank of Claim 1 or Claim 2 to do.

また、請求項5記載の発明は、前記曲面状に形成されたろ過材支持板は複数あり、その各ろ過材支持板に対応して前記排水口が複数設けられていることを特徴とした請求項1〜請求項3記載のろ過槽である。   Further, the invention according to claim 5 is characterized in that there are a plurality of filter media support plates formed in the curved shape, and a plurality of the drain ports are provided corresponding to the respective filter media support plates. It is a filtration tank of Claims 1-3.

また、請求項6記載の発明は、上部から原水を供給する原水供給部と、原水をろ過するろ過層と、ろ過された処理水を下部から排出する複数の処理水排出管と、前記複数の各処理水排出管毎に設けられた弁と、ろ過層を形成するろ過材を支持する板を曲面状にして前記各処理水排出管毎の排水口を被うようにするとともに前記曲面状部分に複数の貫通孔を点在させたろ過材支持板とを備え、前記処理水排出管からろ過層を洗浄する洗浄水を供給するろ過槽内の洗浄方法において、前記処理水排出管の弁のひとつを開にし、他の弁をすべて閉じる第1段階と、弁を開にされた処理水排出管から洗浄水をろ過槽内へと送り込む第2段階と、前記第1段階と第2段階の動作を所定時間毎に順次他の弁と処理水排出管に切り替えていく第3段階とを備えたことを特徴とするろ過槽内の洗浄方法である。   The invention according to claim 6 is a raw water supply unit for supplying raw water from the upper part, a filtration layer for filtering the raw water, a plurality of treated water discharge pipes for discharging the filtered treated water from the lower part, The curved portion is formed so that a valve provided for each treated water discharge pipe and a plate supporting a filter medium forming a filtration layer are curved so as to cover a drain outlet for each treated water discharge pipe. And a filter medium support plate interspersed with a plurality of through-holes, and a cleaning method for supplying cleaning water for cleaning the filtration layer from the treated water discharge pipe, wherein the valve of the treated water discharge pipe is A first stage in which one is opened and all other valves are closed; a second stage in which wash water is fed into the filtration tank from the treated water discharge pipe having the valves opened; and the first stage and the second stage. A third stage that switches the operation to other valves and treated water discharge pipes sequentially every predetermined time A method of cleaning the filter tank, characterized in that the.

本発明によれば、ろ過材支持板を曲面状に形成して処理水排出管の排水口を被うようにしているので、排水口からろ過材支持板を通じて水や空気を送ってろ過材を洗浄する場合、ろ過材に対して噴射される洗浄水や空気の圧力バランスを均等に保つことができ、ろ過材の洗浄を均一に行うことができるとともに、特に高性能のポンプやブロワー、コンプレッサーを使用することなくろ過材洗浄を効率良く行うことができる。   According to the present invention, the filter medium support plate is formed in a curved surface so as to cover the drain port of the treated water discharge pipe, so that the filter medium is sent by sending water or air from the drain port through the filter medium support plate. When cleaning, the pressure balance of the washing water and air sprayed on the filter medium can be kept even, the filter medium can be cleaned uniformly, and especially high performance pumps, blowers and compressors can be installed. The filter medium can be efficiently washed without using it.

また、ろ過材支持板に設けた複数の貫通孔の角度が曲面に対して垂直でかつ処理水排出管の排水口の中心から放射状に拡がっているので、ろ過層全体に均等に洗浄水や空気が送られることになり、さらにろ過材洗浄効率を上げることができる。   In addition, since the angle of the plurality of through holes provided in the filter medium support plate is perpendicular to the curved surface and extends radially from the center of the drain of the treated water discharge pipe, the cleaning water and air are evenly distributed over the entire filtration layer. Will be sent, and the filter medium cleaning efficiency can be further increased.

また、原水の処理量が多い大型のろ過槽であっても、洗浄性能を落とさず効率良く洗浄することができる。   Moreover, even a large filtration tank with a large amount of raw water treated can be efficiently cleaned without degrading the cleaning performance.

以下、図面を参照して本発明の一実施形態を説明する。図1は本発明のろ過槽を示す概略構成図である。   Hereinafter, an embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 is a schematic configuration diagram showing a filtration tank of the present invention.

ろ過槽1は、原水供給部としての原水供給管2、上部ろ過材流出防止散水ストレーナー3、ろ過材から構成されたろ過層4、ろ過材支持板5等で構成されており、ろ過槽1に処理水排出管6、ブロワー7、逆止弁8が接続されている。   The filtration tank 1 is composed of a raw water supply pipe 2 as a raw water supply section, an upper filter medium outflow prevention sprinkler strainer 3, a filter layer 4 made of a filter medium, a filter medium support plate 5 and the like. A treated water discharge pipe 6, a blower 7, and a check valve 8 are connected.

このろ過槽1は、下向流式ろ過槽と呼ばれるもので、原水供給管2により外部からろ過槽1内に供給された原水がろ過槽1の上部から流入すると、原水は上部ろ過材流出防止散水ストレーナー3を通り、上部ろ過材流出防止散水ストレーナー3の側面から流出してろ過層4に流れ落ち、ろ過層4によって浄化された処理水はろ過材支持板5を通過し、処理水排出管6を介して排出される。   This filtration tank 1 is called a downward flow type filtration tank. When raw water supplied from the outside into the filtration tank 1 by the raw water supply pipe 2 flows from the upper part of the filtration tank 1, the raw water is prevented from flowing out of the upper filter material. Through the sprinkler strainer 3, it flows out from the side of the upper filter material outflow prevention sprinkler strainer 3, flows down to the filter layer 4, and the treated water purified by the filter layer 4 passes through the filter material support plate 5 and passes through the treated water discharge pipe 6. It is discharged through.

ろ過槽1は、断面が円形の圧力容器となっており、ビルの屋上のクーリングタワーの水や、遠方の池や噴水の水を処理することができる。また、圧力容器のため、ろ過槽1から水が溢れるようなこともなく流量の調節が容易である。また、ろ過槽1は圧力容器以外の容器であっても良く、例えば開放容器とすることもできるが、ろ過槽1から水が流れないように、ろ過層4が目詰まりした場合の圧力損失を考慮して流量を決定しなければならないなどの調整が必要になる。   The filtration tank 1 is a pressure vessel having a circular cross section, and can treat water in a cooling tower on the roof of a building, water in a distant pond, and fountain. Further, because of the pressure vessel, the flow rate can be easily adjusted without overflowing water from the filtration tank 1. Further, the filtration tank 1 may be a container other than the pressure container, and may be an open container, for example, but the pressure loss when the filtration layer 4 is clogged so that water does not flow from the filtration tank 1 is reduced. Adjustments such as having to determine the flow rate in consideration are necessary.

原水供給管2は外部からろ過槽1内に導入されて、ほぼろ過層4の中央に位置するようになっている。   The raw water supply pipe 2 is introduced into the filtration tank 1 from the outside, and is positioned substantially at the center of the filtration layer 4.

上部ろ過材流出防止散水ストレーナー3は、ろ過材洗浄の際に、ろ過材がろ過槽1から排出されないようにし、ろ過層4に均一に原水が流れるようにするために設けられている。   The upper filter material outflow prevention sprinkler strainer 3 is provided to prevent the filter medium from being discharged from the filter tank 1 and to allow the raw water to flow uniformly through the filter layer 4 when the filter medium is washed.

図2に示すように、上部ろ過材流出防止散水トレーナー3の底面には開口部がなく、側面が網目状になっているので、原水供給管2から流入した原水は、上部ろ過材流出防止散水トレーナー3の側面から流出してろ過層4に流れ落ちてろ過層4全面に原水が広がり、ろ過層4の中央部分のみが使われないようにしている。   As shown in FIG. 2, since there is no opening in the bottom surface of the upper filter material outflow prevention sprinkling trainer 3 and the side surface is mesh-like, the raw water flowing in from the raw water supply pipe 2 is the upper filter material outflow prevention watering. It flows out from the side surface of the trainer 3 and flows down to the filtration layer 4 so that raw water spreads over the entire surface of the filtration layer 4 so that only the central portion of the filtration layer 4 is not used.

また、ろ過材洗浄の際の水圧や空気圧に耐えられるような強度を持つ材質で形成されている。上部ろ過材流出防止板3の水を通す開口部分の総面積は、少なくとも原水供給管2の配管断面積以上になるようにする必要があり、ろ過層4に使用されるろ過材が通過しないようにしなければならない。   Further, it is made of a material having a strength capable of withstanding the water pressure and air pressure when the filter medium is washed. The total area of the opening of the upper filter material outflow prevention plate 3 through which the water passes must be at least equal to or greater than the pipe cross-sectional area of the raw water supply pipe 2 so that the filter medium used for the filter layer 4 does not pass through. Must be.

ろ過層4は、砂、アンスラサイト、繊維ろ過材、プラスチックろ過材等で比重が1以上のものを用いる。比重が1未満の場合、水よりも軽くなり、ろ過材は水に浮いてろ過層4を安定して形成できないからである。   The filter layer 4 is made of sand, anthracite, fiber filter material, plastic filter material or the like having a specific gravity of 1 or more. This is because when the specific gravity is less than 1, it is lighter than water, and the filter medium floats on the water and the filtration layer 4 cannot be formed stably.

ところで、充填率が高く、空隙率が高いろ過材は、ろ過能力が高く圧力損失が少ないためにポンプなどの原水供給装置やろ過槽に与える負荷が小さい。また、ろ過材洗浄時にろ過材が動きやすく洗浄効率を高くするためには比重が1に近い方が良く、例えば約1.4の比重のものが水に浮くこともなく洗浄効率も良い。これらの点を考慮したろ過材の一例を示したのが図3であり、プラスチック製のろ過材14が示されている。   By the way, since the filter medium with a high filling rate and a high porosity has a high filtration capacity and a small pressure loss, a load applied to a raw water supply device such as a pump and a filtration tank is small. Further, in order to increase the cleaning efficiency because the filter medium is easy to move during cleaning of the filter medium, the specific gravity is preferably close to 1. For example, a specific gravity of about 1.4 does not float on water, and the cleaning efficiency is also good. FIG. 3 shows an example of a filter medium taking these points into consideration, and a filter medium 14 made of plastic is shown.

図3のろ過材14は特開2002−233717で提示したろ過材と同じものであり、貫通孔を有さないプラスチックの帯状シート部材の一方の側端縁を襞が連続するように葛折りして外周側に配置すると共に、この帯状シート部材の他方の側端縁を収束して中心部に配置することによって、全体として略球状に形成している。   The filter medium 14 shown in FIG. 3 is the same as the filter medium disclosed in Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2002-233717, and the side edges of one side of the plastic belt-like sheet member having no through-holes are folded so that the ridges are continuous. The other side edge of the belt-like sheet member is converged and arranged at the central portion, thereby forming a substantially spherical shape as a whole.

ろ過材支持板5は、ろ過材がろ過槽1から排出されないようにするとともに、ろ過材洗浄時に処理水排出管6の排水口6Aから送られた空気と洗浄水を高圧でろ過材に均一に噴射させるために設けられている。   The filter medium support plate 5 prevents the filter medium from being discharged from the filtration tank 1 and makes the air and the wash water sent from the drain 6A of the treated water discharge pipe 6 at the time of cleaning the filter medium uniformly into the filter medium at a high pressure. It is provided for spraying.

ろ過材支持板5の構造を、ろ過槽1の上部から見た平面図が図4であり、図4のC−C断面、あるいはB−B断面の一例を示したのが図5である。   FIG. 4 is a plan view of the structure of the filter medium support plate 5 as viewed from the upper part of the filtration tank 1, and FIG. 5 shows an example of the CC cross section or the BB cross section of FIG.

ろ過材支持板5はろ過槽1の底面中心部に開口させた排水口6Aを完全に被うようにして曲面状に形成されている。排水口6Aの口径は処理水排出管6の口径と同じものとなっている。処理水排出管6の排水口6Aは原水ができるだけ均一な流速でろ過層4を通過できるように、また、ろ過材洗浄時にろ過層4に均等に水が送られるようにろ過槽1の底面中央部に形成されている。   The filter medium support plate 5 is formed in a curved surface so as to completely cover the drain port 6A opened at the center of the bottom surface of the filtration tank 1. The diameter of the drain port 6A is the same as the diameter of the treated water discharge pipe 6. The drain outlet 6A of the treated water discharge pipe 6 allows the raw water to pass through the filtration layer 4 at a uniform flow rate as much as possible, and the center of the bottom surface of the filtration tank 1 so that the water is evenly sent to the filtration layer 4 when washing the filter medium. It is formed in the part.

ろ過材支持板5は、曲面状、特に半球面状に形成されており、半球面の部分には貫通孔9が設けられている。貫通孔9は円柱貫通孔であり、孔の大きさはろ過材が貫通孔9を通過して排出されないようにするためにろ過材よりも小さく形成されている。 The filter medium support plate 5 is formed in a curved surface shape, particularly a hemispherical shape, and a through hole 9 is provided in the hemispherical portion. The through hole 9 is a cylindrical through hole, and the size of the hole is smaller than that of the filter medium so that the filter medium does not pass through the through hole 9 and is not discharged.

例えば、図3のプラスチックろ過材を使用した場合、プラスチックろ過材の大きさが約φ15mmが最もろ過性能と洗浄性能のバランスが良いため、この大きさのろ過材を使用すると、貫通孔9の大きさはφ15mm未満となるが、ろ過材が貫通孔9にひっかかることがないようにφ14mm程度とするのが望ましい。   For example, when the plastic filter medium of FIG. 3 is used, the size of the plastic filter medium is about φ15 mm, so that the balance between the filtration performance and the cleaning performance is the best. Although the thickness is less than φ15 mm, it is desirable that the diameter be about φ14 mm so that the filter medium does not get caught in the through hole 9.

各貫通孔9は、図5に示すように、ろ過材支持板の球面部分に対して垂直(貫通孔が位置する曲面の接線方向に対して垂直)になるように円柱状の孔が形成されたもので、排水口6Aの中心部Pから等角度で放射状に拡がっている。貫通孔9の孔形状を円柱形状にすることで、楕円柱や角柱等の形状に比べて空気や水の噴射圧を均一にすることができ、ろ過層全体を均等に洗浄することがきる。   As shown in FIG. 5, each through hole 9 is formed with a cylindrical hole so as to be perpendicular to the spherical surface portion of the filter medium support plate (perpendicular to the tangential direction of the curved surface where the through hole is located). It spreads radially from the central portion P of the drain port 6A at an equal angle. By making the hole shape of the through-hole 9 into a cylindrical shape, the injection pressure of air or water can be made uniform as compared with the shape of an elliptical column or a rectangular column, and the entire filtration layer can be washed uniformly.

また、排水口6Aの中心部Pから等角度で放射状に拡がらせることで、ろ過層4に洗浄水や洗浄用空気を均等に行き渡らせることができる。ろ過材支持板5の材料には、水圧と空気圧に耐える強度のものを使用する。なお、図5中、aは貫通孔9の横ピッチを、bは貫通孔9の縦ピッチを表している。   In addition, by spreading radially from the central portion P of the drain port 6A at an equal angle, the cleaning water and the cleaning air can be evenly distributed in the filtration layer 4. As a material for the filter medium support plate 5, a material that can withstand water pressure and air pressure is used. In FIG. 5, a represents the horizontal pitch of the through holes 9, and b represents the vertical pitch of the through holes 9.

貫通孔9の総表面積は、ろ過時の圧力損失を考慮に入れて処理排出管6の断面積、すなわち排水口6Aの断面積以上になるように構成されている。   The total surface area of the through-holes 9 is configured so as to be equal to or larger than the cross-sectional area of the treatment discharge pipe 6, that is, the cross-sectional area of the drain port 6A in consideration of pressure loss during filtration.

例えば、排水口6Aの断面直径をφ80mm、図3のプラスチックろ過材を使用し、その直径をφ15mm、貫通孔9の断面直径をφ14mmとした場合、排水口6Aと貫通孔9との断面積比は(40×40)/(7×7)より約33となり、33個以上の貫通孔9を設ける必要がある。   For example, when the cross-sectional diameter of the drain port 6A is φ80 mm, the plastic filter medium of FIG. 3 is used, the diameter is φ15 mm, and the cross-sectional diameter of the through hole 9 is φ14 mm, the cross-sectional area ratio between the drain port 6A and the through hole 9 Is approximately 33 from (40 × 40) / (7 × 7), and it is necessary to provide 33 or more through holes 9.

一方、ろ過材支持板5の全体形状の一例を示すと、排水口6Aの断面直径をφ80mm、図3のプラスチックろ過材を使用し、その直径をφ15mmとした場合、ろ過材支持板5の半球面部分の直径はφ80mm〜φ150mm、横ピッチaは6mm〜10mm、縦ピッチbは5mm〜40mm、貫通孔の直径はφ5mm〜φ15mm未満となる。   On the other hand, when showing an example of the overall shape of the filter medium support plate 5, when the cross-sectional diameter of the drain port 6A is φ80 mm and the plastic filter medium of FIG. 3 is used and the diameter is φ15 mm, the hemisphere of the filter medium support plate 5 The diameter of the surface portion is φ80 mm to φ150 mm, the horizontal pitch a is 6 mm to 10 mm, the vertical pitch b is 5 mm to 40 mm, and the diameter of the through hole is φ5 mm to less than φ15 mm.

上述したように、貫通孔9の最低限の個数は排水口6Aの断面積と貫通孔9の総表面積との関係で決まる。しかし、最低限の個数以上であっても、貫通孔9の個数を多くしすぎると、各貫通孔からの空気や洗浄水の出力圧が下がり、一方、貫通孔9の個数を少なくしすぎると排水口6Aから供給される空気や洗浄水の圧力が各貫通孔に有効に伝わらず圧力損失が大きくなるので、上記ろ過材支持板5の全体形状の一例は最適な範囲として求めたものである。   As described above, the minimum number of through holes 9 is determined by the relationship between the cross-sectional area of the drain port 6 </ b> A and the total surface area of the through holes 9. However, if the number of through-holes 9 is increased too much even if the number is more than the minimum number, the output pressure of air or washing water from each through-hole decreases, while if the number of through-holes 9 is decreased too much. Since the pressure of the air supplied from the drain port 6A and the washing water is not effectively transmitted to each through hole and the pressure loss increases, an example of the overall shape of the filter medium support plate 5 is obtained as an optimum range. .

図6、図7はろ過材支持板5の変形例を示したものであり、図6はろ過材支持板5に設けられた貫通孔9の断面直径を半球面の頂点における貫通孔については最も小さくし、半球面の頂点から離れていく程(半球面の底面側に近づく程)貫通孔の断面直径を順次大きくした構造を示している。   6 and 7 show a modification of the filter medium support plate 5. FIG. 6 shows the cross-sectional diameter of the through hole 9 provided in the filter medium support plate 5 with respect to the through hole at the apex of the hemisphere. A structure is shown in which the cross-sectional diameters of the through-holes are gradually increased as the distance from the apex of the hemispherical surface decreases (closer to the hemispherical bottom surface).

排水口6から流入する空気や洗浄水については、一般にろ過材支持板5の半球面部分の頂点においてその圧力は最も強くなるので、上記のように貫通孔9の断面直径を変化させることで、貫通孔から噴出する洗浄水や空気の噴射圧を各方向に対してできるだけ均一にして、流出量を均等にすることができるので、ろ過層4の洗浄効果を高めることができる。   For the air and wash water flowing from the drain port 6, the pressure is generally strongest at the apex of the hemispherical portion of the filter medium support plate 5, so by changing the cross-sectional diameter of the through hole 9 as described above, Since the injection pressure of the cleaning water or air ejected from the through hole can be made as uniform as possible in each direction and the outflow amount can be made uniform, the cleaning effect of the filtration layer 4 can be enhanced.

図7は、貫通孔9の断面直径を変化させずに同一とし、ろ過材支持板5の半球面の頂点における貫通孔の個数の密度(単位表面積当たりの貫通孔の個数)については最も小さくし、半球面の頂点から離れていく程(半球面の底面側に近づく程)貫通孔の個数の密度を順次大きくした構造を示す。図6と同様、貫通孔から噴出する洗浄水や空気の量を各方向に対してできるだけ均一にすることができる。また、貫通孔9の口径をすべて同程度に構成できるので、図6の構成とは異なり、口径を小さくしすぎて貫通孔からの噴出圧力が小さくなりすぎることを心配することがなく、噴出圧力をすべての貫通孔において適度な大きさに維持しつつ、ろ過層4の洗浄効果を高めることができる。   7 is the same without changing the cross-sectional diameter of the through-hole 9, and the density of the number of through-holes at the apex of the hemispherical surface of the filter medium support plate 5 (the number of through-holes per unit surface area) is minimized. The structure in which the density of the number of through holes is sequentially increased as the distance from the apex of the hemisphere (the closer to the bottom of the hemisphere) is. As in FIG. 6, the amount of cleaning water and air ejected from the through hole can be made as uniform as possible in each direction. Further, since all the diameters of the through holes 9 can be configured to be approximately the same, unlike the structure of FIG. 6, there is no need to worry that the diameter of the through hole is too small and the ejection pressure from the through hole becomes too small. Is maintained at an appropriate size in all the through holes, and the cleaning effect of the filtration layer 4 can be enhanced.

高圧空気供給装置としてブロワー7が接続されており、ブロワー7からの空気は逆止弁8を通り、処理水排出管6を介してろ過槽1内に送り込まれる。逆止弁8はろ過処理後の処理水やろ過材洗浄時に処理水排出管6から供給される洗浄水がブロワー7に流れ込まないようにしている。   A blower 7 is connected as a high-pressure air supply device, and air from the blower 7 passes through the check valve 8 and is sent into the filtration tank 1 through the treated water discharge pipe 6. The check valve 8 prevents treated water supplied from the treated water discharge pipe 6 from flowing into the blower 7 when washing the treated water after filtration and the filter medium.

以上のように構成されたろ過槽において、ろ過層4を形成しているろ過材を洗浄するときには、原水供給管2からろ過槽1内への原水供給を停止し、ブロワー7から空気を送出する。ブロワー7からの空気は、逆止弁8を通り、ろ過材支持板の貫通孔9から噴出してろ過材を攪拌し、ろ過材に付着した浮遊物や生物膜等からなる汚れをろ過材から剥離させる。一方、ポンプ等で処理水排出管6に洗浄水が流し込まれ、洗浄水はろ過材支持板の貫通孔9から噴出して水流と空気によりさらに洗浄性能を強化させながら、汚れを洗浄排水とともに上部ろ過材流出防止散水ストレーナー3を通して原水供給管2から排出する。   In the filtration tank configured as described above, when the filter medium forming the filtration layer 4 is washed, the supply of raw water from the raw water supply pipe 2 into the filtration tank 1 is stopped and air is sent from the blower 7. . The air from the blower 7 passes through the check valve 8 and is jetted from the through-hole 9 of the filter medium support plate to stir the filter medium, and removes dirt, such as suspended matter and biofilm attached to the filter medium, from the filter medium. Remove. On the other hand, the cleaning water is poured into the treated water discharge pipe 6 by a pump or the like, and the cleaning water is ejected from the through hole 9 of the filter medium support plate, and the cleaning performance is further enhanced by the water flow and the air, and the dirt is removed along with the cleaning drain It discharges from the raw water supply pipe 2 through the filter medium outflow prevention sprinkler strainer 3.

図8は図1とは少し異なる下向流式ろ過槽を示したもので、原水の処理量が多い場合の下向流式ろ過槽の一例である。   FIG. 8 shows a downward flow filtration tank slightly different from FIG. 1, and is an example of a downward flow filtration tank when the amount of raw water treated is large.

ろ過槽11の上部には原水供給管12が接続され、上部ろ過材流出防止散水ストレーナー13、ろ過層14、ろ過材支持板15がろ過槽11内に設けられているのは図1と同じであるが、図8ではろ過材支持板15が3箇所に配置されており、そのろ過材支持板15の各々に対応して3つの処理水排出管16と3つの電動弁18が接続されている。そして3つの処理水排出管16は結合して処理水排出複合管17となっている。   The raw water supply pipe 12 is connected to the upper part of the filter tank 11, and the upper filter medium outflow prevention watering strainer 13, the filter layer 14, and the filter medium support plate 15 are provided in the filter tank 11 as in FIG. However, in FIG. 8, the filter medium support plates 15 are arranged in three places, and three treated water discharge pipes 16 and three motor-operated valves 18 are connected to each of the filter medium support plates 15. . The three treated water discharge pipes 16 are combined into a treated water discharge composite pipe 17.

ところで、処理水排出管16の数を多くして、洗浄水や洗浄用空気の導入口を増やせば洗浄性能は向上する。例えば、上述の約φ15mmのプラスチックろ過材を使用し、ろ過槽11の断面直径がφ1500mm以上の場合、処理水排出管は2箇所以上設けるのが望ましい。   By the way, if the number of the treated water discharge pipes 16 is increased and the number of inlets for the cleaning water and the cleaning air is increased, the cleaning performance is improved. For example, when the above-described plastic filter medium having a diameter of about 15 mm is used and the sectional diameter of the filtration tank 11 is φ1500 mm or more, it is desirable to provide two or more treated water discharge pipes.

図9は、図8の下向流式ろ過槽を用いたろ過処理システムの全体構成を示す図であり、図10は図9のろ過処理システムにおける制御動作を示す図である。   FIG. 9 is a diagram showing an overall configuration of a filtration system using the downward flow filtration tank of FIG. 8, and FIG. 10 is a diagram showing a control operation in the filtration system of FIG.

以下図9及び図10を用いて説明するが、図8と同じ構成部分については説明を省略する。原水供給管12の上流にはポンプ31が設置されている。また、原水供給管12のポンプ31とろ過槽11の間に電動弁41が、処理水排出複合管17には電動弁47が設置されている。   Hereinafter, description will be made with reference to FIGS. 9 and 10, but description of the same components as those in FIG. 8 will be omitted. A pump 31 is installed upstream of the raw water supply pipe 12. An electric valve 41 is installed between the pump 31 of the raw water supply pipe 12 and the filtration tank 11, and an electric valve 47 is installed in the treated water discharge composite pipe 17.

ポンプ31と電動弁41との間から分岐して処理水排出複合管17のろ過槽11と電動弁47の間に接続された洗浄水供給管32があり、洗浄水供給管32上に電動弁42が設置されている。また、処理水供給複合管18に空気を供給するためにろ過槽11と電動弁47の間に空気供給管36、ブロワー19、逆止弁20が設置されている。   There is a washing water supply pipe 32 branched from between the pump 31 and the electric valve 41 and connected between the filtration tank 11 of the treated water discharge composite pipe 17 and the electric valve 47, and the electric valve is on the washing water supply pipe 32. 42 is installed. Further, an air supply pipe 36, a blower 19, and a check valve 20 are installed between the filtration tank 11 and the electric valve 47 in order to supply air to the treated water supply composite pipe 18.

原水が洗浄水供給管32、処理水排出複合管17、処理水排出管16A、16B、16Cを通じてろ過槽11内に送られ、ろ過材支持板15に設けられた貫通孔から噴出させてろ過層14の下から上に流すとともに処理水排出複合管17に空気が送られることにより洗浄され、洗浄排水および空気は原水供給管12、洗浄排水排出管33を通り、排水溝35に廃棄される。   The raw water is sent into the filtration tank 11 through the washing water supply pipe 32, the treated water discharge composite pipe 17, and the treated water discharge pipes 16A, 16B, and 16C, and is ejected from the through holes provided in the filter medium support plate 15 to obtain the filtration layer. Then, the waste water and air are passed through the raw water supply pipe 12 and the washing waste water discharge pipe 33 and are discarded in the drain groove 35.

一方、原水供給管12上の電動弁41とろ過槽11の間から分岐して排水溝35に流れ込んでいる洗浄排水排出管33があり、洗浄排水排出管33上には電動弁43が設置されている。また、処理水排出複合管17と洗浄水供給管33の間から分岐して排水溝35に流れ込んでいるすすぎ排水管34があり、すすぎ排水管34上に電動弁44が設置されている。   On the other hand, there is a cleaning drainage pipe 33 that branches from between the motorized valve 41 on the raw water supply pipe 12 and the filtration tank 11 and flows into the drainage groove 35, and an electric valve 43 is installed on the cleaning drainage pipe 33. ing. Further, there is a rinse drain pipe 34 that branches from between the treated water discharge composite pipe 17 and the washing water supply pipe 33 and flows into the drain groove 35, and an electric valve 44 is installed on the rinse drain pipe 34.

ポンプ31、ブロワー19、電動弁41、42、43、44、47、18A、18B、18Cは制御盤等に接続され図10に示すように制御される。なお、上述のように弁には電動弁を用いているが、手動弁であっても良く、3方弁や5方弁を用いて弁の数を少なくすることもできる。   The pump 31, the blower 19, and the motor operated valves 41, 42, 43, 44, 47, 18A, 18B, and 18C are connected to a control panel or the like and controlled as shown in FIG. In addition, although the motorized valve is used for the valve as described above, a manual valve may be used, and the number of valves can be reduced by using a three-way valve or a five-way valve.

次に図9のシステムの制御動作を図10に基づいて説明する。   Next, the control operation of the system of FIG. 9 will be described with reference to FIG.

まず、電動弁41、47、18A、18B、18Cを開にし、その他の電動弁を閉にしてポンプ31を稼動しろ過運転を開始する。原水がポンプ31により原水供給管2を介してろ過槽11内に送られ、上部ろ過材流出防止散水ストレーナー13の側面から流出した原水は、ろ過層14でろ過処理されてろ過材支持板15を通過し、処理水排出管16A、16B、16Cを通じて処理水排出複合管17に集められて外部に処理水が取り出される。   First, the motorized valves 41, 47, 18A, 18B, and 18C are opened, the other motorized valves are closed, the pump 31 is operated, and the filtration operation is started. The raw water is sent into the filtration tank 11 through the raw water supply pipe 2 by the pump 31, and the raw water flowing out from the side surface of the upper filter material outflow prevention sprinkler strainer 13 is filtered by the filter layer 14 to pass through the filter material support plate 15. Passed and collected in the treated water discharge composite pipe 17 through the treated water discharge pipes 16A, 16B, and 16C, and treated water is taken out to the outside.

そして、制御盤内のタイマー等により所定時間経過後、洗浄運転に切り替る。洗浄運転に切り替える指標には、タイマーを用いずに、圧力センサーを用いてろ過層の圧力損失を計測して、その値を用いても良い。   And after predetermined time progress by the timer etc. in a control panel, it switches to washing | cleaning driving | operation. As an index for switching to the cleaning operation, the pressure loss of the filtration layer may be measured using a pressure sensor without using a timer, and the value may be used.

洗浄運転に切り替ると、洗浄動作が開始されるが、洗浄運転には3工程ある。   When switching to the cleaning operation, the cleaning operation is started, but there are three steps in the cleaning operation.

第1工程(エアー洗浄)は、空気のみをろ過材支持板15から噴出させることにより、ろ過材を攪拌するとともに、ろ過材に付着した浮遊物や生物膜等からなる汚れをろ過材から剥離させる動作であり、第2工程(エアー逆洗)は、第1工程に加えて洗浄水をろ過材支持板15から噴出させ、水流と空気によりさらに洗浄性能を向上させながら、汚れを洗浄排水とともに排水溝35に廃棄する動作であり、第3工程(すすぎ洗浄)は、第2工程で排出されずに残った浮遊物や生物膜等の汚れが処理水として流れ出さないようにするために、洗浄後、ろ過運転前に一定時間原水供給管12から原水を供給し、ろ過層14を通過してきた処理水を処理水排出複合管17、すすぎ排水排出管34を介して排水溝35に廃棄する動作である。 In the first step (air cleaning), only the air is ejected from the filter medium support plate 15 to stir the filter medium and to remove the contaminants, such as suspended matter and biofilm attached to the filter medium, from the filter medium. In the second step (air backwashing), in addition to the first step, the cleaning water is ejected from the filter medium support plate 15 and the dirt and waste water are drained while further improving the cleaning performance by the water flow and air. It is an operation of discarding in the groove 35, and the third step (rinse cleaning) is a cleaning in order to prevent dirt such as suspended matter and biofilm remaining without being discharged in the second step from flowing out as treated water. Thereafter, the raw water is supplied from the raw water supply pipe 12 for a certain period of time before the filtration operation, and the treated water passing through the filtration layer 14 is disposed in the drainage groove 35 via the treated water discharge composite pipe 17 and the rinse drain discharge pipe 34. It is.

また、第1工程、第2工程はろ過材支持板15の数だけ行われるもので、図9のシステムの場合、3つのろ過材支持板があるので、第1工程⇒第2工程⇒第1工程⇒第2工程⇒第1工程⇒第2工程となる。   Further, the first step and the second step are performed as many as the number of filter medium support plates 15, and in the case of the system of FIG. 9, there are three filter medium support plates. Process ⇒ 2nd process ⇒ 1st process ⇒ 2nd process.

第1工程は、洗浄水を使用せずに汚れをろ過材から剥離させておくためのもので、第2工程で使用する洗浄水の量を節約することができ、噴水やクーリングタワーなどの水を循環系で処理する場合、噴水やクーリングタワーに足し水をする量を少なくすることができる。   The first step is to keep dirt away from the filter medium without using cleaning water. The amount of cleaning water used in the second step can be saved, and water such as fountains and cooling towers can be saved. When processing in a circulatory system, the amount of water added to the fountain or cooling tower can be reduced.

第1工程を実施せずに洗浄運転を行っても良いが、その場合第2工程の時間を延長する必要がある。また、洗浄水を節約する必要がない場合には、第1工程を実施せずに第2工程だけを行えば良い。   Although the cleaning operation may be performed without performing the first step, it is necessary to extend the time of the second step in that case. Moreover, when it is not necessary to save washing water, it is only necessary to perform the second step without performing the first step.

洗浄運転は、まず、ろ過運転の状態から、ポンプ31を停止し、電動弁42、43、18Aを開、その他の電動弁を閉にした後、ブロワー19を稼動し所定時間洗浄運転の第1工程Aを行い、次に第1工程Aの状態からポンプ31を稼動して所定時間第2工程Aを実施する。第1工程Aでは、ブロワー19から空気供給管36、処理水排出複合管17、処理水排出管16Aを介して空気がろ過槽11内に送り込まれ、処理水排出管16Aの排水口を被っているろ過材支持板15の貫通孔より噴出する。第2工程では、ポンプ31により原水が洗浄水供給管32、処理水排出複合管17、処理水排出管16Aを通じてろ過槽11内に送られ、処理水排出管16Aの排水口を被っているろ過材支持板15の貫通孔より噴出してろ過材を洗浄し、洗浄排水および空気は上部ろ過材流出防止散水ストレーナー13、原水供給管12、洗浄排水排出管33を通り、排水溝35に廃棄される。     In the washing operation, first, the pump 31 is stopped from the state of the filtration operation, the motor-operated valves 42, 43, and 18A are opened, and the other motor-operated valves are closed, and then the blower 19 is operated to perform the first washing operation for a predetermined time. Step A is performed, and then the pump 31 is operated from the state of the first step A, and the second step A is performed for a predetermined time. In the first step A, air is sent from the blower 19 through the air supply pipe 36, the treated water discharge composite pipe 17, and the treated water discharge pipe 16A into the filtration tank 11, and covers the drain of the treated water discharge pipe 16A. It is ejected from the through hole of the filter medium support plate 15 that is present. In the second step, the raw water is sent into the filtration tank 11 through the washing water supply pipe 32, the treated water discharge composite pipe 17, and the treated water discharge pipe 16A by the pump 31, and the filtration covers the drain of the treated water discharge pipe 16A. The filter medium is washed by being ejected from the through-hole of the material support plate 15, and the cleaning drainage and air pass through the upper filter medium outflow prevention sprinkler strainer 13, the raw water supply pipe 12, and the cleaning drainage discharge pipe 33 and are discarded into the drainage groove 35. The

次に、ポンプ31を停止し、電動弁42,43、18Bを開、その他の電動弁を閉にした後、ブロワー17を稼動し所定時間第1工程Bを行い、第1工程Bの状態からポンプ31を稼動して第2工程Bに切り替え、所定時間第2工程Bを実施する。第1工程Bでは、ブロワー19から空気供給管36、処理水排出複合管17、処理水排出管16Bを介して空気がろ過槽11内に送り込まれ、処理水排出管16Bの排水口を被っているろ過材支持板15の貫通孔より噴出する。第2工程では、ポンプ31により原水が洗浄水供給管32、処理水排出複合管17、処理水排出管16Bを通じてろ過槽11内に送られ、処理水排出管16Bの排水口を被っているろ過材支持板15の貫通孔より噴出してろ過材を洗浄し、洗浄排水および空気は上部ろ過材流出防止散水ストレーナー13、原水供給管12、洗浄排水排出管33を通り、排水溝35に廃棄される。   Next, the pump 31 is stopped, the motor-operated valves 42, 43, and 18B are opened, the other motor-operated valves are closed, the blower 17 is operated, the first process B is performed for a predetermined time, and the state of the first process B is started. The pump 31 is operated to switch to the second process B, and the second process B is performed for a predetermined time. In the first step B, air is sent from the blower 19 through the air supply pipe 36, the treated water discharge composite pipe 17, and the treated water discharge pipe 16B into the filtration tank 11, and covers the drain of the treated water discharge pipe 16B. It is ejected from the through hole of the filter medium support plate 15 that is present. In the second step, the raw water is sent into the filtration tank 11 through the washing water supply pipe 32, the treated water discharge composite pipe 17, and the treated water discharge pipe 16B by the pump 31, and the filtration covers the drain of the treated water discharge pipe 16B. The filter medium is washed by being ejected from the through-hole of the material support plate 15, and the cleaning drainage and air pass through the upper filter medium outflow prevention sprinkler strainer 13, the raw water supply pipe 12, and the cleaning drainage discharge pipe 33 and are discarded into the drainage groove 35. The

最後に、ポンプ31を停止し、電動弁42,43、18Cを開、その他の電動弁を閉にした後、ブロワー17を稼動し所定時間第1工程Cを行い、第1工程Cの状態からポンプ31を稼動して第2工程Cに切り替え、所定時間第2工程Cを実施する。第1工程Cでは、ブロワー19から空気供給管36、処理水排出複合管17、処理水排出管16Cを介して空気がろ過槽11内に送り込まれ、処理水排出管16Cの排水口を被っているろ過材支持板15の貫通孔より噴出する。第2工程では、ポンプ31により原水が洗浄水供給管32、処理水排出複合管17、処理水排出管16Cを通じてろ過槽11内に送られ、処理水排出管16Cの排水口を被っているろ過材支持板15の貫通孔より噴出してろ過材を洗浄し、洗浄排水および空気は上部ろ過材流出防止散水ストレーナー13、原水供給管12、洗浄排水排出管33を通り、排水溝35に廃棄される。   Finally, the pump 31 is stopped, the motor-operated valves 42, 43, and 18C are opened, and the other motor-operated valves are closed, and then the blower 17 is operated to perform the first process C for a predetermined time, from the state of the first process C. The pump 31 is operated to switch to the second step C, and the second step C is performed for a predetermined time. In the first step C, air is sent from the blower 19 through the air supply pipe 36, the treated water discharge composite pipe 17, and the treated water discharge pipe 16C into the filtration tank 11, and covers the drain of the treated water discharge pipe 16C. It is ejected from the through hole of the filter medium support plate 15 that is present. In the second step, the raw water is sent into the filtration tank 11 through the washing water supply pipe 32, the treated water discharge composite pipe 17, and the treated water discharge pipe 16C by the pump 31, and the filtration covers the drain of the treated water discharge pipe 16C. The filter medium is washed by being ejected from the through-hole of the material support plate 15, and the cleaning drainage and air pass through the upper filter medium outflow prevention sprinkler strainer 13, the raw water supply pipe 12, and the cleaning drainage discharge pipe 33 and are discarded into the drainage groove 35. The

すべてのろ過材支持板15から空気や洗浄水を供給してろ過材の洗浄運転の第1、第2工程が終了すると、第3工程に切り替る。   When air and cleaning water are supplied from all the filter medium support plates 15 and the first and second steps of the filter medium cleaning operation are completed, the process is switched to the third process.

第3工程は、ポンプ31は稼動したままでブロワー17を停止し、電動弁41、44、18A、18B、18Cを開にし、その他の電動弁は閉にして所定時間、排水溝35に排水した後、ろ過運転に切り替る。   In the third step, the blower 17 is stopped with the pump 31 operating, the motorized valves 41, 44, 18A, 18B, and 18C are opened, and the other motorized valves are closed and drained into the drainage groove 35 for a predetermined time. Then, switch to filtration operation.

第3工程では、原水供給管12から原水をろ過槽11内に供給し、ろ過層14を通過してきた処理水を処理水排出管16A、16B、16Cを通して処理水排出複合管17に集め、すすぎ排水排出管34を介して排水溝35に廃棄する。 In the third step, raw water is supplied from the raw water supply pipe 12 into the filtration tank 11, and the treated water that has passed through the filtration layer 14 is collected in the treated water discharge composite pipe 17 through the treated water discharge pipes 16A, 16B, and 16C and rinsed. It is discarded into the drainage groove 35 via the drainage discharge pipe 34.

以上のように、ろ過材支持板を複数設けて、一つのろ過材支持板の貫通孔から洗浄用空気や洗浄水をろ過材に対して噴出させて洗浄し、この洗浄動作を他のろ過材支持板についても順次行っていくことで、原水の処理量が多い大型のろ過槽であっても、洗浄性能を落とさず効率良く洗浄することができ、また、高性能、大容量のポンプやブロワーを用いる必要がない。   As described above, a plurality of filter media support plates are provided, and cleaning air and water are jetted from the through holes of one filter media support plate to the filter media for cleaning. By sequentially carrying out the support plate, even large filtration tanks with a large amount of raw water can be washed efficiently without degrading the washing performance. In addition, high-performance, large-capacity pumps and blowers can be used. Need not be used.

洗浄運転の頻度、各工程の所要時間は対象とする原水の水質や処理量等の水質やろ過材の性能等により調整が必要であるが、例えば、図3で示したプラスチックろ過材を使用し、ろ過槽の断面直径をφ1500mm、ろ過材支持板の数を2、ろ過材量を1500L(リットル)、ろ過流量を毎時40t(トン)(洗浄流量毎時40t)として、鯉のいる池250tの水を循環系で24時間稼動で処理した場合、空気の流量を毎分800Lとして、洗浄頻度は1週間〜1ヶ月毎、第1工程は5〜25分、第2工程は5〜15分、第3工程は1〜5分となる。   The frequency of the washing operation and the time required for each process must be adjusted according to the quality of raw water and the amount of treatment, the performance of the filter medium, etc. For example, the plastic filter medium shown in FIG. 3 is used. The diameter of the filtration tank is φ1500 mm, the number of filter media support plates is 2, the amount of filter media is 1500 L (liter), the filtration flow rate is 40 t (tons) per hour (the washing flow rate is 40 t per hour), Is processed in a circulatory system for 24 hours, the air flow rate is 800 L / min, the cleaning frequency is 1 week to 1 month, the first step is 5 to 25 minutes, the second step is 5 to 15 minutes, Three steps are 1 to 5 minutes.

本発明のろ過槽の一実施例の概略構成を示す図である。It is a figure which shows schematic structure of one Example of the filtration tank of this invention. 上部ろ過材流出防止ストレーナーを示す図である。It is a figure which shows an upper filter material outflow prevention strainer. ろ過層に用いられるろ過材の一例を示す図である。It is a figure which shows an example of the filter medium used for a filtration layer. ろ過材支持板の平面図である。It is a top view of a filter medium support plate. ろ過材支持板の断面図である。It is sectional drawing of a filter medium support plate. ろ過材支持板の変形例を示す図である。It is a figure which shows the modification of a filter medium support plate. ろ過材支持板の変形例を示す図である。It is a figure which shows the modification of a filter medium support plate. 本発明のろ過槽の他の実施例の概略構成を示す図である。It is a figure which shows schematic structure of the other Example of the filtration tank of this invention. 図8のろ過槽を用いたろ過処理システム構成を示す図である。It is a figure which shows the filtration processing system structure using the filtration tank of FIG. 図9のろ過処理システムの制御動作を示す図である。It is a figure which shows the control action of the filtration processing system of FIG.

符号の説明Explanation of symbols

1 ろ過槽
2 原水供給管
3 上部ろ過材流出防止散水ストレーナー
4 ろ過層
5 ろ過材支持板
6 処理水排出管
6A 排水口
7 ブロワー
8 逆止弁
9 貫通孔
11 ろ過槽
12 原水供給管
13 上部ろ過材流出防止散水ストレーナー
14 ろ過層
15 ろ過材支持板
16 処理水排出管
17 処理水排出複合管
18 電動弁
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Filtration tank 2 Raw water supply pipe 3 Upper filter material outflow prevention sprinkling strainer 4 Filtration layer 5 Filter material support plate 6 Treated water discharge pipe 6A Drain port 7 Blower 8 Check valve 9 Through-hole 11 Filtration tank 12 Raw water supply pipe 13 Upper filtration Material outflow prevention sprinkler strainer 14 Filtration layer 15 Filter material support plate 16 Treated water discharge pipe 17 Treated water discharge composite pipe 18 Motorized valve

Claims (6)

上部から原水を供給する原水供給部と、原水をろ過するろ過層と、ろ過された処理水を下部から排出する処理水排出管とを備え、前記処理水排出管の排水口からろ過層を洗浄する空気又は洗浄水を供給するろ過槽において、
前記ろ過層を形成するろ過材を支持するろ過材支持板を曲面状にして前記処理水排出管の排水口を被うようにし、前記ろ過材支持板の曲面状部分に複数の貫通孔を点在させたことを特徴とするろ過槽。
A raw water supply unit for supplying raw water from the upper part, a filtration layer for filtering the raw water, and a treated water discharge pipe for discharging the filtered treated water from the lower part, and washing the filtration layer from the drain of the treated water discharge pipe In a filtration tank that supplies air or washing water
The filter medium support plate that supports the filter medium forming the filter layer is curved to cover the drain of the treated water discharge pipe, and a plurality of through holes are formed in the curved portion of the filter medium support plate. A filtration tank characterized by existing.
前記ろ過材支持板の曲面状部分に設けられた複数の貫通孔は、貫通孔の角度が曲面に対して垂直でかつ前記排水口の中心から放射状に拡がっていることを特徴とする請求項1記載のろ過槽。   The plurality of through-holes provided in the curved portion of the filter medium support plate are characterized in that the angle of the through-hole is perpendicular to the curved surface and extends radially from the center of the drain port. The filtration tank of description. 前記ろ過材支持板の曲面状部分に設けられた複数の貫通孔は、曲面の頂点に近づく程貫通孔の口径が小さくなっていくことを特徴とする請求項1又は請求項2記載のろ過槽。   The filtration tank according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the plurality of through holes provided in the curved surface portion of the filter medium support plate have a smaller diameter as they approach the apex of the curved surface. . 前記ろ過材支持板の曲面状部分に設けられた複数の貫通孔は、曲面の頂点に近づく程貫通孔の数の密度が低くなっていくことを特徴とする請求項1又は請求項2記載のろ過槽。   The plurality of through-holes provided in the curved surface portion of the filter medium support plate, the density of the number of through-holes decreases as it approaches the apex of the curved surface. Filtration tank. 前記曲面状に形成されたろ過材支持板は複数あり、その各ろ過材支持板に対応して前記排水口が複数設けられていることを特徴とした請求項1〜請求項3記載のろ過槽。   The filtration tank according to claim 1, wherein there are a plurality of filter media support plates formed in the curved shape, and a plurality of the drain ports are provided corresponding to the respective filter media support plates. . 上部から原水を供給する原水供給部と、原水をろ過するろ過層と、ろ過された処理水を下部から排出する複数の処理水排出管と、前記複数の各処理水排出管毎に設けられた弁と、ろ過層を形成するろ過材を支持する板を曲面状にして前記各処理水排出管毎の排水口を被うようにするとともに前記曲面状部分に複数の貫通孔を点在させたろ過材支持板とを備え、前記処理水排出管からろ過層を洗浄する洗浄水を供給するろ過槽内の洗浄方法において、
前記処理水排出管の弁のひとつを開にし、他の弁をすべて閉じる第1段階と、
弁を開にされた処理水排出管から洗浄水をろ過槽内へと送り込む第2段階と、
前記第1段階と第2段階の動作を所定時間毎に順次他の弁と処理水排出管に切り替えていく第3段階とを備えたことを特徴とするろ過槽内の洗浄方法。
A raw water supply part for supplying raw water from the upper part, a filtration layer for filtering the raw water, a plurality of treated water discharge pipes for discharging the filtered treated water from the lower part, and a plurality of each of the treated water discharge pipes are provided. The plate supporting the valve and the filter medium forming the filtration layer is curved to cover the drain port for each treated water discharge pipe, and a plurality of through holes are scattered in the curved portion. In a cleaning method in a filtration tank comprising a filter medium support plate and supplying cleaning water for cleaning a filtration layer from the treated water discharge pipe,
A first stage of opening one of the treated water discharge pipe valves and closing all the other valves;
A second stage in which wash water is fed into the filtration tank from the treated water discharge pipe with the valve opened;
A cleaning method for a filtration tank, comprising: a third step of sequentially switching the operation of the first step and the second step to another valve and a treated water discharge pipe every predetermined time.
JP2003394597A 2003-11-25 2003-11-25 Filtration tank and method for cleaning inside of filtration tank Withdrawn JP2005152778A (en)

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Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2009509765A (en) * 2005-10-04 2009-03-12 ザ ペトロリウム オイル アンド ガス コーポレイション オブ サウス アフリカ (プロプライエタリー) リミテッド Filtration method and filtration device
JP2010119944A (en) * 2008-11-19 2010-06-03 Omega:Kk Filter
KR101483681B1 (en) * 2014-07-09 2015-01-16 강영현 Pressure filter apparatus with a dispersion basket

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2009509765A (en) * 2005-10-04 2009-03-12 ザ ペトロリウム オイル アンド ガス コーポレイション オブ サウス アフリカ (プロプライエタリー) リミテッド Filtration method and filtration device
JP2010119944A (en) * 2008-11-19 2010-06-03 Omega:Kk Filter
KR101483681B1 (en) * 2014-07-09 2015-01-16 강영현 Pressure filter apparatus with a dispersion basket

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