JP2005140444A - Air conditioner and its control method - Google Patents

Air conditioner and its control method Download PDF

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JP2005140444A
JP2005140444A JP2003378279A JP2003378279A JP2005140444A JP 2005140444 A JP2005140444 A JP 2005140444A JP 2003378279 A JP2003378279 A JP 2003378279A JP 2003378279 A JP2003378279 A JP 2003378279A JP 2005140444 A JP2005140444 A JP 2005140444A
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compressor
heat exchanger
way valve
air conditioner
water
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Shizuo Otaki
鎭雄 大瀧
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Panasonic Holdings Corp
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Matsushita Electric Industrial Co Ltd
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Priority to JP2003378279A priority Critical patent/JP2005140444A/en
Priority to CNB2004100907462A priority patent/CN100504214C/en
Publication of JP2005140444A publication Critical patent/JP2005140444A/en
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Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To solve the problem that in case of stopping one compressor by capability control from the state where two compressors are operated, it takes a long time to balance the internal pressure of the stopped compressor with a sucking-side pressure, and restart of the stopped compressor need to wait until the pressure balancing is completed. <P>SOLUTION: When the stopped compressors 1 or 2 is restarted early by a request of a load, a four-way valve 6 is reversed for a predetermined time before starting this compressor, and the pressure balancing is immediately performed to enable the starting thereof. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2005,JPO&NCIPI

Description

本発明は、複数の圧縮機を並列に接続した冷凍サイクルにおける圧縮機始動制御方法に関するものである。   The present invention relates to a compressor start control method in a refrigeration cycle in which a plurality of compressors are connected in parallel.

従来、複数台並列に接続された密閉容器内が高圧側となる圧縮機を備えた空気調和機としては、たとえば、特許文献１の様に構成されたものがあった。図３は前記文献に記載された従来の空気調和機の冷凍サイクルを示すものである。図３において、１は能力の小さい第一圧縮機、２は能力の大きい第二圧縮機、１３，２３はそれぞれ第一圧縮機１、第二圧縮機２への冷媒の流入を防止する逆止弁、４は室外側熱交換器、７ａ、７ｂ、７ｃ、７ｄは全閉機能を備えた減圧装置、８ａ、８ｂ、８ｃ、８ｄは室内側熱交換器、５はアキュームレータ、１１は一端が第一圧縮機１の所定の油面高さで密閉容器内に連通し他端が前記圧縮機につながる吸入側管路に連通し、かつ絞り装置１２を備えた回路、２１は一端が第二圧縮機２の所定の油面高さで密閉容器内に連通し他端が前記圧縮機につながる吸入側管路に連通し、かつ絞り装置２２を備えた回路であり、これらを順次環状に連接して冷凍サイクルを構成していた。
特開平７−１７４４１８号公報 Conventionally, as an air conditioner equipped with a compressor in which a plurality of airtight containers connected in parallel is a high-pressure side, there is one configured as in Patent Document 1, for example. FIG. 3 shows a refrigeration cycle of a conventional air conditioner described in the above document. In FIG. 3, 1 is a first compressor having a small capacity, 2 is a second compressor having a large capacity, and 13 and 23 are non-returns that prevent refrigerant from flowing into the first compressor 1 and the second compressor 2, respectively. Valves, 4 are outdoor heat exchangers, 7a, 7b, 7c and 7d are decompression devices having a fully closed function, 8a, 8b, 8c and 8d are indoor heat exchangers, 5 is an accumulator, and 11 is one end. A circuit that has a predetermined oil level height of one compressor 1 and communicates with the suction side conduit that communicates with the compressor at the other end and that is connected to the compressor and that includes a throttle device 12. A circuit having a predetermined oil level of the machine 2 communicated with the inside of the sealed container and communicated with the suction side conduit connected to the compressor at the other end and provided with a throttle device 22. The refrigeration cycle.
Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 7-174418

しかしながら、前記従来の構成では、回路１１、２１は冷凍サイクルのバイパス回路となり能力低下をきたすため、絞り装置１２、２２をオイルレベルの保持ができる範囲でできるだけ抵抗を大きく設定しており圧力バランスには時間がかかっていた。とくに、第一圧縮機１と第二圧縮機２の両圧縮機が運転していた状態から能力制御で一台の圧縮機たとえば第二の圧縮機２が停止した場合、停止した第二圧縮機２内の密閉容器内の圧力と吸入側の圧力がバランスするのには時間がかかっている。そのため、負荷が上昇し第二圧縮機２を再始動しようとしたとき圧力バランスするまで待つ必要があった。   However, in the conventional configuration, since the circuits 11 and 21 become bypass circuits of the refrigeration cycle and the capacity is reduced, the expansion devices 12 and 22 are set to have a resistance as large as possible within a range where the oil level can be maintained, so that the pressure balance is achieved. Took time. In particular, when both compressors of the first compressor 1 and the second compressor 2 are operating and one compressor, for example, the second compressor 2 is stopped by capacity control, the stopped second compressor It takes time to balance the pressure in the closed container 2 and the pressure on the suction side. Therefore, it is necessary to wait until the pressure is balanced when the load increases and the second compressor 2 is to be restarted.

本発明は、上記従来の課題を解決するもので、負荷の要求で早く停止した圧縮機を再始動したい場合に圧力バランスを早めて始動可能にする制御手段を備えた空気調和機を提供することを目的とする。   The present invention solves the above-described conventional problems, and provides an air conditioner provided with a control unit that enables a pressure balance to be started earlier when it is desired to restart a compressor that has been stopped early due to a load demand. With the goal.

従来の課題を解決するために、本発明の空気調和機は、複数台並列に接続された密閉容器内が高圧側となる圧縮機と、前記圧縮機吐出側にもうけられた逆止弁と、四方弁と、室外側熱交換器と、減圧装置と、水との熱交換する熱交換器とを冷媒流路を介して環状に接続して形成する冷凍サイクルと、前記水との熱交換する熱交換器で熱交換された水で室内の空調を行うシステムとともに、一端が前記圧縮機の所定の油面高さで密閉容器内に連通し他端が前記圧縮機につながる吸入側管路に連通し、かつ絞り装置を備えた回路と、前記圧縮機、前記四方弁等を制御する制御装置と、前記圧縮機を始動する前に前記四方弁を所定時間反転させる制御手段を備えたものである。この圧縮機を始動する前に四方弁を所定時間反転させる制御手段によって、圧力バランスが即座に行われ始動可能にする事を目的とする。   In order to solve the conventional problems, the air conditioner of the present invention includes a compressor in which a plurality of airtight containers connected in parallel is a high pressure side, a check valve provided on the compressor discharge side, A refrigeration cycle formed by annularly connecting a four-way valve, an outdoor heat exchanger, a pressure reducing device, and a heat exchanger that exchanges heat with water via a refrigerant flow path, and heat exchange with the water Along with a system that air-conditions the room with water heat-exchanged by a heat exchanger, one end communicates with the compressor at a predetermined oil level in the sealed container, and the other end is connected to a suction-side conduit connected to the compressor. A circuit that is in communication and includes a throttle device, a control device that controls the compressor, the four-way valve, and the like, and a control unit that reverses the four-way valve for a predetermined time before starting the compressor. is there. An object of the present invention is to immediately start the pressure balance by the control means for reversing the four-way valve for a predetermined time before starting the compressor.

本発明の空気調和機は、前記圧縮機を始動する前に前記四方弁を所定時間反転させる制御手段によって圧力バランスが即座に行われ、いつでも始動可能にする事ができる。   In the air conditioner of the present invention, the pressure balance is immediately performed by the control means for reversing the four-way valve for a predetermined time before starting the compressor, so that it can be started at any time.

第１の発明は、複数台並列に接続された密閉容器内が高圧側となる圧縮機と、前記圧縮機吐出側にもうけられた逆止弁と、四方弁と、室外側熱交換器と、減圧装置と、水との熱交換する熱交換器とを冷媒流路を介して環状に接続して形成する冷凍サイクルと、前記水との熱交換する熱交換器で熱交換された水で室内の空調を行うシステムとともに、一端が前記圧縮機の所定の油面高さで密閉容器内に連通し他端が前記圧縮機につながる吸入側管路に連通し、かつ絞り装置を備えた回路と、前記圧縮機、前記四方弁等を制御する制御装置と、前記圧縮機を始動する前に前記四方弁を所定時間反転させる制御手段を備えたものとし、この圧縮機を始動する前に四方弁を所定時間反転させる制御手段によって、圧力バランスが即座に行われ、いつでも始動可能とすることができる。   The first invention is a compressor in which the inside of a plurality of closed containers connected in parallel is a high pressure side, a check valve provided on the compressor discharge side, a four-way valve, an outdoor heat exchanger, A refrigeration cycle formed by annularly connecting a decompression device and a heat exchanger that exchanges heat with water via a refrigerant flow path, and water that is heat-exchanged by the heat exchanger that exchanges heat with the water. A circuit having one end connected to the inside of the sealed container at a predetermined oil level of the compressor and the other end connected to a suction side pipe connected to the compressor, and having a throttle device. A control device for controlling the compressor, the four-way valve, etc., and a control means for reversing the four-way valve for a predetermined time before starting the compressor, and the four-way valve before starting the compressor The pressure balance is instantly achieved by the control means that reverses the It is possible to allow start-up.

第２の発明は、特に、第１の発明の制御手段を、一台以上の圧縮機が運転中に、停止している圧縮機を始動する場合に、前記運転中圧縮機を停止した後、四方弁を所定時間反転させたのち必要圧縮機を始動する制御手段とする事により、四方弁の反転回数を減らし四方弁の寿命時間を長くすることができる。   In the second invention, in particular, when the control means of the first invention is started when one or more compressors are operating and the stopped compressor is stopped, the operating compressor is stopped, By using the control means for starting the necessary compressor after reversing the four-way valve for a predetermined time, the number of inversions of the four-way valve can be reduced and the life time of the four-way valve can be extended.

以下、本発明の実施の形態について、図面を参照しながら説明する。なお、本実施の形態によって本発明が限定されるものではない。なお、従来と同一構成については 同一符号を付して詳細な説明を省略する。   Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. Note that the present invention is not limited to the present embodiment. In addition, about the same structure as the past, the same code | symbol is attached | subjected and detailed description is abbreviate | omitted.

（実施の形態１）
図１は、本発明の第１の実施の形態におけるシステム全体の系統図である。図１において、６は冷凍サイクルの冷媒の流れを冷房、暖房に切り替える四方弁、７は減圧装置、８は水と熱交換する水熱交換器、１８ａ，１８ｂ，１８ｃ，１８ｄは各室内熱交換器、１７ａ，１７ｂ，１７ｃ，１７ｄは開閉弁、１９はポンプで、水熱交換器８、室内熱交換器１８ａ，１８ｂ，１８ｃ，１８ｄ、開閉弁１７ａ，１７ｂ，１７ｃ，１７ｄ、ポンプ１９は環状に水回路で接続されている。さらに、タイマー手段を持ち、第一圧縮機１のモータ（図示せず），第二圧縮機２のモータ（図示せず）、四方弁６のコイル（図示せず）への通電を制御する制御装置３１を備えている。 (Embodiment 1)
FIG. 1 is a system diagram of the entire system according to the first embodiment of the present invention. In FIG. 1, 6 is a four-way valve for switching the refrigerant flow of the refrigeration cycle to cooling or heating, 7 is a pressure reducing device, 8 is a water heat exchanger for exchanging heat with water, and 18a, 18b, 18c, and 18d are indoor heat exchanges. 17a, 17b, 17c, 17d are on-off valves, 19 is a pump, water heat exchanger 8, indoor heat exchangers 18a, 18b, 18c, 18d, on-off valves 17a, 17b, 17c, 17d, and pump 19 are annular. Connected to the water circuit. Furthermore, it has a timer means and controls the energization to the motor (not shown) of the first compressor 1, the motor (not shown) of the second compressor 2, and the coil (not shown) of the four-way valve 6. A device 31 is provided.

以上のように構成された空気調和機について、以下その動作を説明する。四方弁６が冷房状態にあり、第一圧縮機１、第二圧縮機２が運転している時、冷媒が室外熱交換器４、減圧装置７、水熱交換器８、アキュームレータ５の順に流れている。水熱交換器８では、低圧冷媒で水回路の水を冷却し、ポンプ１９が各室へ冷却した水を送って、熱交換器１８ａ，１８ｂ，１８ｃ，１８ｄで冷房を行っている。このとき冷凍サイクルでは、両圧縮機の圧力容器内、室外熱交換器４の冷媒は高圧になっており、水熱交換器８、アキュームレータ５内の冷媒は低圧になっている。   About the air conditioner comprised as mentioned above, the operation | movement is demonstrated below. When the four-way valve 6 is in the cooling state and the first compressor 1 and the second compressor 2 are operating, the refrigerant flows in the order of the outdoor heat exchanger 4, the decompression device 7, the water heat exchanger 8, and the accumulator 5. ing. In the water heat exchanger 8, the water in the water circuit is cooled with a low-pressure refrigerant, the pump 19 sends the cooled water to each chamber, and the air is cooled by the heat exchangers 18a, 18b, 18c, and 18d. At this time, in the refrigeration cycle, the refrigerant in the outdoor heat exchanger 4 in the pressure vessels of both compressors is at high pressure, and the refrigerant in the water heat exchanger 8 and the accumulator 5 is at low pressure.

次に圧縮機二台が運転中に室内負荷が減少し、例えば第一圧縮機１を停止、第二圧縮機２のみを運転継続とした能力制御運転に入った場合、第一圧縮機１の密閉容器内の冷媒は吐出管側が逆止弁１３で止められるので、回路１１で吸入側と連通するのみとなる。密閉容器内の圧力で押されて第一圧縮機１内のオイル及び冷媒が回路１１を経由して吸入側に流れるので、第一圧縮機１内圧力は下がっていくが絞り１２があるので徐々に下がっていく。回路１１、２１は冷凍サイクルのバイパス回路となり能力低下をきたすため、絞り装置１２、２２をオイルレベルの保持ができる範囲でできるだけ抵抗を大きく設定しており圧力バランスには時間がかる。筆者らの実験によれば負荷の軽いときには図２に示すように８分以上かかっていた。負荷が再び大きくなり能力制御により第一圧縮機１運転する必要が８分以内例えば５分で発生したとき、まだ差圧は２ｋｇ／ｃｍ２以上ありそのままでは始動できず３分近く待たなければならない。   Next, when the two compressors are in operation, the indoor load decreases. For example, when the first compressor 1 is stopped and only the second compressor 2 is continuously operated, the capacity control operation is started. Since the refrigerant in the sealed container is stopped by the check valve 13 on the discharge pipe side, the refrigerant is only communicated with the suction side in the circuit 11. Since the oil and refrigerant in the first compressor 1 flow to the suction side via the circuit 11 by being pushed by the pressure in the hermetic container, the pressure in the first compressor 1 decreases, but there is a throttle 12, so that it gradually increases. Go down. Since the circuits 11 and 21 serve as bypass circuits for the refrigeration cycle and the capacity is reduced, the expansion devices 12 and 22 are set to have as large a resistance as possible within a range where the oil level can be maintained, and the pressure balance takes time. According to the author's experiment, when the load was light, it took more than 8 minutes as shown in FIG. When the load is increased again and the first compressor 1 needs to be operated by capacity control within 8 minutes, for example, 5 minutes, the differential pressure is still 2 kg / cm 2 or more and the engine cannot be started as it is and must wait for almost 3 minutes.

そこで、運転中の第二圧縮機２を停止すると同時に四方弁６を反転させ５秒後に四方弁６を元にもどすと冷凍サイクル内の圧力はほとんど均一になり圧縮機が起動できる状態になる。四方弁６を元に戻した後第一圧縮機１，第二圧縮機２共に始動を行えば、５秒程度で２台運転に戻ることができ、能力制御による圧縮機の運転変更要求に大きな遅れを出すこともなく追従できる。   Therefore, when the second compressor 2 in operation is stopped and the four-way valve 6 is reversed at the same time and the four-way valve 6 is restored after 5 seconds, the pressure in the refrigeration cycle becomes almost uniform and the compressor can be started. If both the first compressor 1 and the second compressor 2 are started after the four-way valve 6 is returned to the original state, it is possible to return to the operation of two units in about 5 seconds. You can follow without delay.

さらに圧縮機がすべて停止した場合、冷媒が減圧装置７を流れるので３分程度で圧力バランスし一般的に再始動に３分待つ制御が使われているが、この四方弁６を反転すれば３分を待たずに始動することができる。   Further, when all of the compressors are stopped, the refrigerant flows through the decompression device 7, so that the pressure balance is achieved in about 3 minutes and the control is generally waited for 3 minutes to restart, but if this four-way valve 6 is reversed, 3 You can start without waiting for minutes.

なお 四方弁６が反転すると冷媒が一気に流れるので冷凍サイクルではその流通音が発生するが、本発明では水熱交換器８で冷凍サイクルと水サイクルに分離しており、人の居住空間である室内と冷凍サイクルは分離しているのでその流通音は室内側には届かず問題とはならない。   Note that when the four-way valve 6 is reversed, the refrigerant flows at a stroke, so that a circulation sound is generated in the refrigeration cycle. However, in the present invention, the water heat exchanger 8 separates the refrigeration cycle from the water cycle. And the refrigeration cycle is separated, so the circulation sound does not reach the indoor side and does not matter.

（実施の形態２）
本発明の第２の実施の形態においては、四方弁６を反転して圧力バランスを促進するのを部屋の温度が設定に達していない状態、すなわち、どれかの圧縮機が運転しているときにのみ行うよう限定し、四方弁６の反転回数を制限して寿命時間を長くしている。 (Embodiment 2)
In the second embodiment of the present invention, reversing the four-way valve 6 to promote pressure balance is when the room temperature has not reached the setting, that is, when any compressor is operating. The life is extended by limiting the number of inversions of the four-way valve 6.

本発明の空気調和機は、冷水あるいは温水を冷凍サイクルで作りその水を各室内に送り空気調和を行ういわゆるチラー式の空気調和機において、複数の圧縮機を並列に接続した冷凍サイクルを採用しし効率のいい運転を行える空気調和機に適用できる。   The air conditioner of the present invention employs a refrigeration cycle in which a plurality of compressors are connected in parallel in a so-called chiller type air conditioner that produces cold water or hot water in a refrigeration cycle and sends the water to each room for air conditioning. It can be applied to an air conditioner that can be operated efficiently.

本発明の実施の形態１における系統図System diagram in Embodiment 1 of the present invention 本発明の実施の形態１における圧力変化の線図Diagram of pressure change in Embodiment 1 of the present invention 従来例の系統図System diagram of conventional example

符号の説明Explanation of symbols

１ 第１圧縮機
２ 第２圧縮機
４ 室外熱交換器
５ アキュームレータ
６ 四方弁
７ 減圧装置
８ 水熱交換器
１１ 回路
１２ 絞り装置
１３ 逆止弁
１７ａ 開閉弁
１７ｂ 開閉弁
１７ｃ 開閉弁
１７ｄ 開閉弁
１８ａ 室内熱交換器
１８ｂ 室内熱交換器
１８ｃ 室内熱交換器
１８ｄ 室内熱交換器
１９ ポンプ
２２ 絞り装置
２３ 逆止弁
３１ 制御装置 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 1st compressor 2 2nd compressor 4 Outdoor heat exchanger 5 Accumulator 6 Four way valve 7 Pressure reducing device 8 Hydrothermal exchanger 11 Circuit 12 Throttle device 13 Check valve 17a Open / close valve 17b Open / close valve 17c Open / close valve 17d Open / close valve 18a Indoor heat exchanger 18b Indoor heat exchanger 18c Indoor heat exchanger 18d Indoor heat exchanger 19 Pump 22 Throttle device 23 Check valve 31 Control device

Claims (6)

密閉容器内が高圧側となる圧縮機が複数台並列に接続され、前記圧縮機の吐出側にもうけられた逆止弁と、四方弁と、第１の熱交換器と、減圧装置と、第２の熱交換器とを冷媒流路を介して環状に接続して形成する冷凍サイクルと、一端が前記圧縮機の所定の油面高さで密閉容器内に連通し他端が前記圧縮機につながる吸入側管路に連通し、かつ絞り装置を備えた回路と、前記圧縮機、前記四方弁等を制御する制御装置とをそなえ、前記制御装置は前記圧縮機を始動する前に前記四方弁を所定時間反転させる制御手段を有することを特徴とする空気調和機。 A plurality of compressors in which the inside of the hermetic container is on the high pressure side are connected in parallel, a check valve provided on the discharge side of the compressor, a four-way valve, a first heat exchanger, a decompression device, A refrigeration cycle formed by connecting the two heat exchangers in a ring shape through a refrigerant flow path, one end communicating with the compressor at a predetermined oil level height and the other end connected to the compressor. A circuit that communicates with a connected suction-side pipe line and includes a throttle device; and a control device that controls the compressor, the four-way valve, and the like, and the control device is configured to control the four-way valve before starting the compressor. An air conditioner comprising control means for reversing the air for a predetermined time. 第１の熱交換器は室外側熱交換器であり、第２の熱交換器は水との熱交換を行う熱交換器であって、前記水との熱交換を行う熱交換器で熱交換された水で室内の空調を行うシステムを具えたことを特徴とする請求項１記載の空気調和機。 The first heat exchanger is an outdoor heat exchanger, and the second heat exchanger is a heat exchanger that exchanges heat with water, and exchanges heat with the heat exchanger that exchanges heat with the water. The air conditioner according to claim 1, further comprising a system for air-conditioning the room with the generated water. 一台以上の圧縮機が運転中に、停止している圧縮機を始動する場合に、前記運転中圧縮機を停止した後、四方弁を所定時間反転させたのち必要圧縮機を始動する制御手段とした請求項１または２に記載の空気調和機。 Control means for starting a required compressor after inverting the four-way valve for a predetermined time after stopping the compressor during operation when one or more compressors are started during operation. The air conditioner according to claim 1 or 2. 密閉容器内が高圧側となる圧縮機が複数台並列に接続され、前記圧縮機の吐出側にもうけられた逆止弁と、四方弁と、第１の熱交換器と、減圧装置と、第２の熱交換器とを冷媒流路を介して環状に接続して形成する冷凍サイクルと、一端が前記圧縮機の所定の油面高さで密閉容器内に連通し他端が前記圧縮機につながる吸入側管路に連通し、かつ絞り装置を備えた回路と、前記圧縮機、前記四方弁等を制御する制御装置とをそなえた空気調和機の制御方法であって、前記圧縮機を始動する前に前記四方弁を所定時間反転させることを特徴とする空気調和機の制御方法。 A plurality of compressors in which the inside of the hermetic container is on the high pressure side are connected in parallel, a check valve provided on the discharge side of the compressor, a four-way valve, a first heat exchanger, a decompression device, A refrigeration cycle formed by connecting the two heat exchangers in a ring shape through a refrigerant flow path, one end communicating with the compressor at a predetermined oil level height and the other end connected to the compressor. An air conditioner control method comprising a circuit connected to a connected suction side pipe and having a throttle device, and a control device for controlling the compressor, the four-way valve, etc., and starting the compressor A method of controlling an air conditioner, wherein the four-way valve is reversed for a predetermined time before the operation. 空気調和機は第１の熱交換器が室外側熱交換器であり、第２の熱交換器が水との熱交換を行う熱交換器であって、前記水との熱交換を行う熱交換器で熱交換された水で室内の空調を行うシステムを具えたものである請求項４記載の空気調和機の制御方法。 In the air conditioner, the first heat exchanger is an outdoor heat exchanger, and the second heat exchanger is a heat exchanger that performs heat exchange with water, and performs heat exchange with the water. The method for controlling an air conditioner according to claim 4, further comprising a system for air-conditioning the room with water heat-exchanged in a vessel. 一台以上の圧縮機が運転中に、停止している圧縮機を始動する場合に、前記運転中圧縮機を停止した後、四方弁を所定時間反転させたのち必要圧縮機を始動することを特徴とする請求項４または５に記載の空気調和機の制御方法。 When starting a compressor that is stopped while one or more compressors are in operation, after the compressor is stopped during operation, the necessary compressor is started after reversing the four-way valve for a predetermined time. The method for controlling an air conditioner according to claim 4 or 5, characterized in that:
JP2003378279A 2003-11-07 2003-11-07 Air conditioner and its control method Pending JP2005140444A (en)

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