JP2005139891A - Material for filling - Google Patents

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JP2005139891A
JP2005139891A JP2004299370A JP2004299370A JP2005139891A JP 2005139891 A JP2005139891 A JP 2005139891A JP 2004299370 A JP2004299370 A JP 2004299370A JP 2004299370 A JP2004299370 A JP 2004299370A JP 2005139891 A JP2005139891 A JP 2005139891A
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filling material
soil
filling
water
water permeability
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Hozumi Kawada
穂積 河田
Kenichi Ninomiya
健一 二ノ宮
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Fuyo Perlite Co Ltd
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Fuyo Perlite Co Ltd
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Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a material for filling capable of preventing vitreous small pieces of foaming igneous rock (obsidian perlite) from scattering, having excellent water permeability, strength, and workability, and allowing a packing material to decompose or collapse after long time elapses in the earth. <P>SOLUTION: This material for filling is provided with the packing material having at least a part constituted by a water permeation paper and the foaming igneous rock covered with the packing material and has initial water permeability. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2005,JPO&NCIPI

Description

本発明は、発泡火成岩(黒曜石パーライト)を使用した造園・下層路盤・嵩上げに好適な充填用材料に関し、詳しくは粒状の発泡火成岩を包装したまま使用出来るようにした充填用材料に関するものである。   TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to a filling material suitable for landscaping, lower roadbed and raising using foam igneous rock (obsidian perlite), and more particularly to a filling material that can be used while packaging granular foam igneous rock.

黒曜石・真珠岩・松脂岩等の天然ガラス質岩石を焼成発泡させた発泡火成岩、通称パーライトは、造園、園芸用資材として従来より多く使われている。近年、パーライトの性質を利用して屋上庭園の資材、土壌改良材としても注目されている。なかでも黒曜石パーライトは、通常層状に厚さ5〜30cm程度に施工される。こうした黒曜石パーライトは、超軽量(乾燥時嵩密度約0.1、重量では50〜150kg/m)で排水性(例えば透水係数0.21m/秒)、通気性、保水性(例えば容量に対し約20%)、断熱性(例えば熱伝導率0.075kcal/mh℃)に優れており、造園、園芸用土壌の改良材として好適に使用されている。 Foamed igneous rocks, commonly called perlite, made by firing and foaming natural glassy rocks such as obsidian, pearlite, and rosinite, have been used more frequently as materials for landscaping and horticulture. In recent years, it has attracted attention as a material for rooftop gardens and soil improvement materials using the properties of perlite. Among them, obsidian pearlite is usually applied in a layered manner to a thickness of about 5 to 30 cm. Such obsidian perlite is ultralight (bulk density at dryness of about 0.1, 50-150 kg / m 3 in weight), drainage (for example, permeability coefficient 0.21 m / sec), breathability, water retention (for example, relative to capacity) About 20%) and heat insulation (for example, thermal conductivity 0.075 kcal / mh ° C.), it is suitably used as a material for improving landscaping and horticultural soil.

黒曜石パーライトを例えば、客土の下の排水礫層や透水性の悪い土壌に混入して使用すれば、透水性を改善し、植物の根腐れを防ぐ。さらに、通気性の悪い樹脂成型品のポット、化粧鉢、プランター等に使用すれば土壌中に活きた空気を与えて植物の根腐れを防ぎ、同時に容器を含めた全体の軽量化にも役立つ。特に吊り下げ型のプランターは軽量に作成しなければならない為、鉢底・土壌混合用に使用すると役立つ。このように発泡火成岩は大規模な造園工事から家庭用園芸まで広範囲に使用されている。   If obsidian perlite is mixed with drainage gravel under the soil or soil with poor water permeability, it will improve water permeability and prevent plant root rot. Furthermore, if it is used for pots, decorative pots, planters, etc. of resin molded products with poor air permeability, it will provide air that has been activated in the soil to prevent root rot of the plant, and at the same time it will help to reduce the overall weight including the container. In particular, the hanging type planter must be made lightweight, so it is useful to use it for pot bottom / soil mixing. Foam igneous rocks are widely used from large-scale landscaping to home horticulture.

下層路盤材としては、発泡火成岩は独立気泡体のため断熱効果があり、凍結深さがあるような寒い地域で使用すると凍上防止効果がある。例えば、標高1600mの寒冷地では通常の下層路盤材(クラッシャーラン)を使用すると凍結深さは1m余となる。非凍上下層路盤材として発泡火成岩を使用すると置き換え凍結深さは30cm程度とする事が出来る。つまり、森林内部に遊歩道を設ける時などに発泡火成岩を使用すると、路盤の掘削深さを浅くできるために、樹木の生育に欠かせない活力旺盛な根の切断を少なくする事が出来る。このように、下層路盤材として発泡火成岩を用いると、環境に優しい工法とすることができる。   As sub-base material, foamed igneous rocks have a thermal insulation effect because they are closed cells, and when used in cold areas with freezing depth, they have an anti-freezing effect. For example, in a cold region with an altitude of 1600 m, the freezing depth is more than 1 m when a normal lower layer roadbed material (crusher run) is used. If foam igneous rock is used as the non-frozen upper and lower layer roadbed material, the replacement freezing depth can be about 30 cm. In other words, the use of foamed igneous rocks, such as when promenades are built inside the forest, can reduce the depth of excavation of the roadbed, thereby reducing vigorous root cutting that is essential for tree growth. As described above, when foamed igneous rock is used as the lower roadbed material, an environmentally friendly construction method can be obtained.

嵩上げ材として発泡火成岩を使用して屋上で盛土する場合、荷重制限があることから土の重さをなるべく軽くする必要がある。盛土の内部は軽い材料であることが望ましい。この時粒のままのバラ状の黒曜石パーライトを嵩上げ材として使用するには人手で袋から出して均一な厚さに敷き慣らすのが一般的である   When foaming igneous rock is used as a raising material for embankment on the roof, there is a load limitation, so it is necessary to reduce the weight of the soil as much as possible. It is desirable that the inside of the embankment is made of a light material. At this time, in order to use the granular rose-shaped obsidian pearlite as a raising material, it is common to take it out of the bag by hand and spread it to a uniform thickness.

裏込め充填用資材は、斜面の地すべり地の土留め工で使用する。擁壁背面の浸透水の処理を速やかに行い背面土圧を軽くすることを目的としている為、従来、こうした裏込め充填用資材として発泡火成岩を用いる場合、砕石やクラッシャーランを使用していた。
特開平10−102468号公報
Backfilling materials are used for earth retaining work on slope landslides. Since the purpose is to reduce the earth pressure on the back of the retaining wall by quickly treating the permeated water, conventionally, when using foamed igneous rock as such backfilling material, crushed stones and crusher runs have been used.
Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 10-102468

上述したように、発泡火成岩を用いると、重く施工が不便であった従来の排水材と比べて軽く、施工を楽にすることができる。特に、屋上・急傾斜地での運搬では軽い事から格段に作業効率があがる。しかしながら、発泡火成岩(黒曜石パーライト)は本来ガラス質を呈する火成岩であり、その粒状物を袋詰め等にして運搬する際、粒同志の摩擦により磨耗するとガラス質の小片が発生し、開封の際、飛散し皮膚に触れると炎症を起こす事がある。また、粉塵の飛散により付近の住宅環境汚染防止等の特別散水等の配慮を必要とし、家庭園芸用としても取り扱い上注意する必要があった。   As described above, the use of foamed igneous rock is lighter and easier to construct than conventional drainage materials that are heavy and inconvenient. In particular, when transporting on rooftops or steep slopes, work efficiency is significantly improved due to its light weight. However, foamed igneous rocks (obsidian perlite) are igneous rocks that are inherently vitreous. When transporting the granular material in a bag, etc., when it is worn by friction between grains, a glassy small piece is generated. May cause irritation if splashed and touched skin. In addition, due to the scattering of dust, special watering was required to prevent environmental pollution in the vicinity of the house, and it was necessary to be careful when handling it for home gardening.

発泡火成岩を包装材に収容し、開封せずにそのまま使用すれば上述したような問題は生じないが、包装材はある程度以上水を速やかに通すことが必要となる。黒曜石パーライトをネット状の包装材に収容して透水性を持たせることも考えられるが、やはり発泡火成岩のガラス質小片が飛散するという問題が残る。   If the foamed igneous rock is accommodated in the packaging material and used as it is without being opened, the above-mentioned problems do not occur, but the packaging material needs to allow water to pass through to a certain extent. It is conceivable to store obsidian perlite in a net-like wrapping material so that it has water permeability, but there still remains a problem that glassy small pieces of foamed igneous rocks are scattered.

本発明は、上記の事情に鑑みてなされたものであって、発泡火成岩(黒曜石パーライト)のガラス質小片の飛散を防止するとともに、透水性、強度、作業性に優れ、土中にて長期経時後に包装材が分解或いは崩壊可能な充填用材料を提供することを目的としている。   The present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and prevents scattering of glassy small pieces of foamed igneous rock (obsidian perlite), and has excellent water permeability, strength, workability, and long-term aging in the soil. The object is to provide a filling material whose packaging material can be later decomposed or disintegrated.

上記の課題を解決するため、本発明は以下の各発明を提供する。
(1)少なくとも一部を透水紙で構成した包装材と、前記包装材で覆われる発泡火成岩とを備えた充填用材料であって、当該材料が初期透水性を有していることを特徴とする充填用材料。
(2)前記透水紙の透水率が1×10−2cm/秒以上であることを特徴とする(1)に記載の充填用材料。
(3)前記透水紙は生分解性を有することを特徴とする(1)または(2)に記載の充填用材料。
(4)充填用材料の初期透水率が、植栽客土の0.8〜1.2倍であることを特徴とする(1)ないし(3)のいずれか1項に記載の充填用材料。
(5)土壌中における施工直後の充填用材料の初期透水率が2×10−2〜4×10−2cm/秒であることを特徴とする(1)ないし(4)のいずれか1項に記載の充填用材料。
(6)土壌中における施工1ヶ月後の充填用材料の透水率が1×10−1〜5×10−1cm/秒であることを特徴とする(1)ないし(5)のいずれか1項に記載の充填用材料。
(7)土壌中における施工2ヶ月後の充填用材料の透水率が5×10−1〜10×10−1cm/秒であることを特徴とする(1)ないし(6)のいずれか1項に記載の充填用材料。
(8)層厚20cmのとき、1mあたり10〜40リットルの水分保持量を有することを特徴とする請求項(1)ないし(7)のいずれか1項に記載の充填用材料。
(9)前記発泡火成岩が、25mm以上の粒子が0〜2質量%であり、3mm以下の粒子が0〜10重量%であることを特徴とする(1)ないし(8)のいずれか1項に記載の充填用材料。
(10)前記発泡火成岩の平均硬度が、5kg以上であることを特徴とする(1)ないし(9)のいずれか1項に記載の充填用材料。
(11)(1)ないし(10)のいずれか1項に記載の充填用材料を使用することを特徴とする下層路盤。
(12)(1)ないし(10)のいずれか1項に記載の充填用材料を使用することを特徴とする盛土。
(13)(1)ないし(10)のいずれか1項に記載の充填用材料を使用することを特徴とする屋上緑化排水方法。
(14)(1)ないし(10)のいずれか1項に記載の充填用材料を敷き並べ、直接客土を載せることで形成されることを特徴とする通気排水層。
(15)(1)ないし(10)のいずれか1項に記載の充填用材料を敷き並べ、直接客土を載せることを特徴とする通気排水層形成方法。
(16)土壌と充填用材料とが直接的に接することを特徴とする(15)に記載の通気排水層形成方法。
(17)(1)ないし(10)のいずれか1項に記載の充填用材料、防根用シートおよびマルチング材を含んでいることを特徴とする植栽。
(18)(1)ないし(10)のいずれか1項に記載の充填用材料を敷設し、上部に孔を開けた後、客土を載せることを特徴とする請求項15または16に記載の通気排水層形成方法。
(19)粒状の発泡火成岩を水溶性プラスチックの袋に封入し、その上にネット状補強材を設けてなる土壌構造改良材と、(1)ないし(10)のいずれか1項に記載の充填用材料とを同時に使用することを特徴とする土壌改良方法。
In order to solve the above problems, the present invention provides the following inventions.
(1) A filling material comprising at least a part of a wrapping material made of water-permeable paper and foamed igneous rock covered with the wrapping material, wherein the material has initial water permeability. Filling material to do.
(2) The filling material according to (1), wherein a water permeability of the water-permeable paper is 1 × 10 −2 cm / second or more.
(3) The filling material according to (1) or (2), wherein the water-permeable paper has biodegradability.
(4) The filling material according to any one of (1) to (3), wherein an initial water permeability of the filling material is 0.8 to 1.2 times that of planting soil. .
(5) The initial water permeability of the filling material immediately after construction in the soil is 2 × 10 −2 to 4 × 10 −2 cm / sec, any one of (1) to (4) The filling material according to 1.
(6) Any one of (1) to (5), wherein the water permeability of the filling material after one month of construction in the soil is 1 × 10 −1 to 5 × 10 −1 cm / sec. The filling material according to Item.
(7) Any one of (1) to (6), wherein the filling material has a water permeability of 5 × 10 −1 to 10 × 10 −1 cm / sec after two months of construction in the soil. The filling material according to Item.
(8) When the thickness 20 cm, filling material according to any one of to claims (1) to (7), characterized in that it has a moisture holding amount of 1 m 2 per 10 to 40 liters.
(9) Any one of (1) to (8), wherein the foamed igneous rock is 0 to 2% by mass of particles of 25 mm or more and 0 to 10% by weight of particles of 3 mm or less. The filling material according to 1.
(10) The filling material according to any one of (1) to (9), wherein the foamed igneous rock has an average hardness of 5 kg or more.
(11) A lower layer roadbed using the filling material according to any one of (1) to (10).
(12) An embankment characterized by using the filling material according to any one of (1) to (10).
(13) A rooftop greening drainage method using the filling material according to any one of (1) to (10).
(14) An aerated drainage layer formed by laying the filling material according to any one of (1) to (10) and directly placing the soil on the ground.
(15) A method for forming a ventilated drainage layer, wherein the filling material according to any one of (1) to (10) is laid out and directly placed on the soil.
(16) The method according to (15), wherein the soil and the filling material are in direct contact with each other.
(17) Planting comprising the filling material according to any one of (1) to (10), a root prevention sheet, and a mulching material.
(18) The filling material according to any one of (1) to (10) is laid, a hole is opened in the upper portion, and then the soil is placed. A method for forming a vent drainage layer.
(19) A soil structure improving material in which granular foamed igneous rock is enclosed in a water-soluble plastic bag and a net-like reinforcing material is provided thereon, and the filling according to any one of (1) to (10) The soil improvement method characterized by using a material for simultaneity.

本発明の充填用材料によれば、包装材を開封することなく使用できる。従来は、施工時において発泡火成岩は軽量である為、強風時には発泡火成岩が飛散してしまったり、覆土作業の際に敷き均したパーライトが移動する事があり、土壌改良材(排水)層を均一に保つ事は極めて難しかった。   According to the filling material of the present invention, the packaging material can be used without opening. Conventionally, foamed igneous rocks are lightweight during construction, so foamed igneous rocks may scatter during strong winds, and evenly spread pearlite may move during soil covering work, resulting in a uniform soil improvement material (drainage) layer. It was extremely difficult to keep it.

しかし、本発明の充填用材料では、個々の包装体でブロックごとに敷き並べるだけなので、強風時の飛散の心配がなく、覆土作業時でも土壌改良材(排水)層を一定に保つ事が出来る。さらに施工後は透水性に優れているので発泡火成岩(黒曜石パーライト)としての特性を損なうことはない。また、強度に優れているため、作業性も向上する。さらに、生分解性の透水紙を使用しているので、包装体を撤去する工程を必要としない。   However, since the filling material of the present invention is only laid out in blocks in individual packages, there is no fear of scattering during strong winds, and the soil improvement material (drainage) layer can be kept constant even during soil covering work. . Furthermore, after construction, it has excellent water permeability, so it does not impair the properties as foamed igneous rock (obsidian perlite). Moreover, since it is excellent in strength, workability is also improved. Furthermore, since the biodegradable water-permeable paper is used, the process which removes a package is not required.

このため屋上庭園の土壌構造改良材のほか、通気性の改良土壌、滞水土壌の改良材、街路樹の活性化土壌、また家庭園芸土壌なとを施工する際に作業効率を飛躍的に向上させることが可能になる。   Therefore, in addition to the soil structure improvement material for rooftop gardens, work efficiency has been dramatically improved when constructing soil with improved breathability, improved soil for stagnant soil, activated soil for roadside trees, and garden soil for home gardens. It becomes possible to make it.

以下、本発明の実施の形態を図面を参照して説明する。図1は、本発明の充填用材料を示す一部破断斜視図である。造園・下層路盤・嵩上げ・裏込め用材料として好適な充填用材料1は、包装材2と、この包装材2に収納される発泡火成岩(黒曜石パーライト)3とから構成される。包装材2は、例えば袋状に形成されたものを用いればよく、内部に発泡火成岩3を収納し、両端をシール部4として封止されていれば良い。   Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 is a partially broken perspective view showing a filling material of the present invention. A filling material 1 suitable as a material for landscaping, lower roadbed, raising and backfilling is composed of a packaging material 2 and foamed igneous rock (obsidian perlite) 3 accommodated in the packaging material 2. What is necessary is just to use what was formed in the bag shape for the packaging material 2, for example, the foamed igneous rock 3 is accommodated in the inside, and the both ends should just be sealed as the seal part 4. FIG.

こうした包装材2に用いられる材料としては、例えば生分解性の透水紙を用いるのが好ましい。生分解性透水紙とは植物繊維を抄造したもので、水は透過するが、発泡火成岩(黒曜石パーライト)3から発生するガラス質小片を通さないものが好適に使用できる。そして、土中で長時間経過すると微生物による分解或いは崩壊し、包装の形状をとどめないものが良い。通常の紙(一般クラフト紙)はサイズ剤などで表面処理剤が用いられ、透水性がないかもしくは極めて低いので、生分解性の透水紙の方が好ましい。   For example, biodegradable water-permeable paper is preferably used as the material used for the packaging material 2. The biodegradable water-permeable paper is a paper made from plant fiber, and water can permeate, but paper that does not pass through glassy small pieces generated from foamed igneous rock (obsidian perlite) 3 can be suitably used. And what decomposes | disassembles or disintegrates by microorganisms when it passes in soil for a long time, and the shape of a package is not stopped. Ordinary paper (general kraft paper) uses a surface treatment agent such as a sizing agent, and has no or very low water permeability. Therefore, biodegradable water-permeable paper is preferred.

包装材2に用いられる生分解性透水紙は、厚みが薄すぎると強度等取り扱い上問題が生じるが、過剰に厚くする事は無用である。またこの生分解性透水紙は水を透過させるのみではなく、植物の毛根を通す作用をなすものが望ましい。これらのことから透水紙の規格は平米(1m)当り85g以下のものが適当である。この生分解性透水紙は初めからある程度以上水を透過することが好ましい。 When the thickness of the biodegradable water-permeable paper used for the packaging material 2 is too thin, there are problems in handling such as strength, but it is unnecessary to make it excessively thick. The biodegradable water-permeable paper desirably has a function of not only allowing water to permeate, but also allowing plant hair roots to pass through. For these reasons, the water-permeable paper standard is suitably 85 g or less per square meter (1 m 2 ). The biodegradable water-permeable paper preferably permeates water to some extent from the beginning.

すなわち、JISP8118に記載された方法で測定される透水紙の紙厚は、1mm以下が好ましく、より好ましくは500μm以下、さらに好ましくは300μm以下である。1mmより厚い場合には生分解性が不十分になることもあるため、好ましくは1mm以下である。   That is, the paper thickness of the water-permeable paper measured by the method described in JISP8118 is preferably 1 mm or less, more preferably 500 μm or less, and even more preferably 300 μm or less. When it is thicker than 1 mm, the biodegradability may be insufficient, and therefore it is preferably 1 mm or less.

また、JISP8118に記載された方法で測定される透水紙の緊度は、1.5g/cm以下が好ましく、より好ましくは0.5g/cm〜1.2g/cm、さらに好ましくは0.5g/cm〜1.0g/cmである。緊度が1.5g/cmより大きい場合には透水性が不十分となり、土壌中での排水性に問題を生じることもあるため、好ましくは1.5g/cm以下である。 Further, the tightness of the water-permeable paper measured by the method described in JISP8118 is preferably 1.5 g / cm 3 or less, more preferably 0.5 g / cm 3 to 1.2 g / cm 3 , and still more preferably 0. 0.5 g / cm 3 to 1.0 g / cm 3 . When the tenacity is greater than 1.5 g / cm 3 , the water permeability is insufficient, and there may be a problem in drainage in the soil. Therefore, it is preferably 1.5 g / cm 3 or less.

JISP8113に記載された方法で測定される引張強度は、縦2kN/m以上、横1kN/m以上が好ましく、より好ましくは縦3kN/m以上、横1.5kN/m以上である。引張強度がこれより小さいと、強度が十分でないため施工が難しくなるなる場合があるので、好ましくは縦2kN/m以上、横1kN/m以上である。さらに、JISP8116に記載された方法で測定される引裂強度は、縦300mN/m以上、横300mN/m以上である。引裂強度がこれより小さい場合には、強度が充分確保されないために施工が難しくなるなる場合があるので、好ましくは縦300mN/m以上、横300mN/m以上である。   The tensile strength measured by the method described in JISP8113 is preferably 2 kN / m or more in length and 1 kN / m or more in width, more preferably 3 kN / m or more in length and 1.5 kN / m or more in width. If the tensile strength is smaller than this, the strength may not be sufficient and the construction may be difficult. Therefore, the tensile strength is preferably 2 kN / m or more in length and 1 kN / m or more in width. Furthermore, the tear strength measured by the method described in JISP8116 is 300 mN / m or more in length and 300 mN / m or more in width. If the tear strength is smaller than this, the strength may not be sufficiently secured, so that the construction may become difficult. Therefore, the longitudinal strength is preferably 300 mN / m or more and 300 mN / m or more.

また、JISP8119に記載された方法で測定される透気度は、10秒以上が好ましく、より好ましくは15秒以上である。更に、JISP8141に記載された方法で測定されるクレム吸水度は、縦15mm以上、横15mm以上が好ましく、より好ましくは縦20mm以上、横20mm以上である。クレム吸水度が15mmより小さい場合には、水の透過性が不十分であるので、好ましくは15mm以上である。   Further, the air permeability measured by the method described in JISP8119 is preferably 10 seconds or more, more preferably 15 seconds or more. Furthermore, the Klem water absorption measured by the method described in JISP8141 is preferably 15 mm or more and 15 mm or more, more preferably 20 mm or more and 20 mm or more. When the Klem water absorption is less than 15 mm, the water permeability is insufficient, and therefore, it is preferably 15 mm or more.

なお、図1に示す実施形態の充填用材料1においては、包装材2の全体を透水紙で構成しているが、これ以外にも、例えば、生分解性透水紙を包装材の一部に使用して、プラスチック(好ましくは水溶性プラスチック)や素焼きの容器に発泡火成岩3を詰め、その上に生分解性透水紙を敷き、必要によりさらにその上に客土を覆するなどの形態であってもよい。   In addition, in the filling material 1 of the embodiment shown in FIG. 1, the entire packaging material 2 is made of water-permeable paper, but besides this, for example, biodegradable water-permeable paper is part of the packaging material. In use, the foam igneous rock 3 is packed in a plastic (preferably water-soluble plastic) or unglazed container, and a biodegradable water-permeable paper is laid on it. May be.

包装材2に収容する発泡火成岩3は、いわゆる黒曜石パーライト質のもので、SiOとAlの合量が80質量%以上、NaO、KOを3〜10質量%含む黒曜石を加熱発泡させたもの(通称、黒曜石パーライト)が好ましい。この発泡火成岩3は乾燥時の重量が50から200kg/mと超軽量で、土壌に混合すると適度な保水と透水の効果を持っていることが好ましい。また土壌(客土)の下に埋設すれば透水、排水に優れ、また軽量化を生かし軟弱地盤の安定や通気性に寄与する。これらの発泡火成岩3の粒径は数mmのものから50mm位のものまでが好ましく、用途に応じて適宜粒径を選択すれば良いが、好ましくは25mm以上の粒子が0〜2質量%であり、3mm以下の粒子が0〜10質量%、平均硬度が5kg以上である。この様な発泡火成岩を使用すると、透水性を保持しながらも、微粒子の飛散や流出がないので好適である。 Foam igneous rock 3 accommodated in the packaging material 2 is a so-called obsidian pearlite, and an obsidian containing a total amount of SiO 2 and Al 2 O 3 of 80% by mass or more and 3 to 10% by mass of Na 2 O and K 2 O. Is preferably obtained by heating and foaming (commonly called obsidian perlite). The foamed igneous rock 3 has an ultralight weight of 50 to 200 kg / m 3 when dried, and preferably has an appropriate water retention and water permeability effect when mixed with soil. Moreover, if buried under the soil (customer soil), it is excellent in water permeability and drainage, and contributes to the stability and air permeability of soft ground by making use of light weight. The diameter of these foamed igneous rocks 3 is preferably from several mm to about 50 mm, and the particle diameter may be appropriately selected according to the use, but preferably the particle size of 25 mm or more is 0 to 2% by mass. Particles of 3 mm or less are 0 to 10% by mass, and the average hardness is 5 kg or more. Use of such a foam igneous rock is preferable because fine particles are not scattered or discharged while maintaining water permeability.

例えば、発泡火成岩としては、黒曜石を破砕し約1000℃の高熱で焼成発泡せしめたものを使用することが好ましい。該発泡火成岩は、天然岩石を原料とするので、その成分組成を限定することは難しいが、例えば、珪酸が60〜90%含有されているものが好ましく、より好ましくは70〜85%である。酸化アルミニウムは5〜20%含有されているものが好ましく、より好ましくは10〜15%である。酸化カリウムおよび酸化ナトリウムは2〜10%含有されているものが好ましく、より好ましくは3〜7%である。また、酸化鉄、酸化チタン、酸化カルシウム、酸化マグネシウムの各成分は0〜2%(0%を含む)が好ましく、より好ましくは0〜1%(0%を含む)である。さらに、本発明の火成岩をを水中に浸漬した場合の浸漬水のpHは6〜8になることが好ましく、より好ましくは6.5〜7.5である。また、強酸・強アルカリに対する耐薬品性のあるものが好ましく、具体的には7日間の耐薬品性試験において体型等に変化を生じないものが好ましい。   For example, it is preferable to use a foamed igneous rock obtained by crushing obsidian and firing and foaming at a high heat of about 1000 ° C. Since the foamed igneous rock is made of natural rock, it is difficult to limit the component composition, but, for example, the one containing 60 to 90% of silicic acid is preferable, and more preferably 70 to 85%. What contains 5 to 20% of aluminum oxide is preferable, More preferably, it is 10 to 15%. What contains 2-10% of potassium oxide and sodium oxide is preferable, More preferably, it is 3-7%. Each component of iron oxide, titanium oxide, calcium oxide, and magnesium oxide is preferably 0 to 2% (including 0%), and more preferably 0 to 1% (including 0%). Furthermore, the pH of the immersion water when the igneous rock of the present invention is immersed in water is preferably 6 to 8, and more preferably 6.5 to 7.5. Further, those having chemical resistance against strong acids and strong alkalis are preferable, and specifically those having no change in body shape and the like in a chemical resistance test for 7 days are preferable.

本発明の充填用材料1の透水紙は、初期透水性が非常に高いことが好ましい。すなわち、栽培客土の0.8〜1.2倍であることが好ましく、より好ましくは栽培客土の0.9〜1.1倍である。そうすると、土壌全体構造の透水速度を拘束することが無い。   The water-permeable paper of the filling material 1 of the present invention preferably has very high initial water permeability. That is, it is preferably 0.8 to 1.2 times that of the cultivated land, and more preferably 0.9 to 1.1 times that of the cultivated land. If it does so, it does not restrain the water transmission rate of the whole soil structure.

さらに、本発明における充填用材料1の土壌中における施工直後の透水率は、2×10−2〜4×10−2cm/秒であることが好ましく、施工1ヶ月後の透水率が1×10−1〜5×10−1cm/秒、施工2ヶ月後の透水率が5×10−1〜10×10−1cm/秒、施工5ヶ月後の透水率が10×10−1cm/秒以上とすることが好ましい。そうすれば土壌改良材として極めて有用である。 Furthermore, it is preferable that the water permeability immediately after construction in the soil of the filling material 1 in the present invention is 2 × 10 −2 to 4 × 10 −2 cm / second, and the water permeability after 1 month of construction is 1 ×. 10 −1 to 5 × 10 −1 cm / sec, water permeability after 2 months of construction is 5 × 10 −1 to 10 × 10 −1 cm / sec, and water permeability after 5 months of construction is 10 × 10 −1 cm / Second or more. Then, it is extremely useful as a soil improvement material.

また、本発明における充填用材料1は、層厚20cmのとき、1mあたり10〜40リットルの水分保持量を有していることが好ましい。水分保持量が10リットルより低いと枯れの原因となり、水分保持量が40リットルより高いと根腐れの原因となる場合がある。さらに、本発明の透水紙は、生分解性を有するため、環境に優しいだけでなく、作業効率が大幅に向上する。 Moreover, it is preferable that the filling material 1 in the present invention has a water holding amount of 10 to 40 liters per 1 m 2 when the layer thickness is 20 cm. If the water retention amount is lower than 10 liters, it may cause withering, and if the water retention amount is higher than 40 liters, it may cause root rot. Furthermore, since the water-permeable paper of the present invention has biodegradability, it is not only environmentally friendly but also greatly improves work efficiency.

以上のような構成の充填用材料1を造園資材として用いる際には、例えば、30〜100リットルの発泡火成岩3を包装材2で包んだ充填用材料1をブロックごとに施工箇所に敷き並べるとよい。発泡火成岩3は包装材2に包まれているので、強風時の飛散の心配がなく、覆土作業時でも土壌改良材(排水)層を一定に保つ事が出来る。   When the filling material 1 having the above configuration is used as a landscaping material, for example, if the filling material 1 in which 30 to 100 liters of foamed igneous rock 3 is wrapped in the packaging material 2 is laid out in the construction site for each block, Good. Since the foamed igneous rock 3 is wrapped in the packaging material 2, there is no fear of scattering during strong winds, and the soil improvement material (drainage) layer can be kept constant even during soil covering work.

そして、こうした発泡火成岩3を包む包装材2は、少なくとも一部が透水紙から構成されているので、施工後は透水性が確保され、発泡火成岩(黒曜石パーライト)としての特性を損なうことはない。このため屋上庭園の土壌構造改良材のほか、通気性の改良土壌、滞水土壌の改良材、街路樹の活性化土壌、また家庭園芸土壌として好適に用いることができる。   And since the packaging material 2 which wraps such a foam igneous rock 3 at least one part is comprised from the water-permeable paper, water permeability is ensured after construction, and the characteristic as a foam igneous rock (obsidian perlite) is not impaired. For this reason, in addition to the soil structure improving material for the rooftop garden, it can be suitably used as soil for improving air permeability, improving material for stagnant soil, activated soil for roadside trees, and home gardening soil.

さらに、本発明の充填用材料と、粒状の発泡火成岩を水溶性プラスチックの袋に封入し、その上にネット状補強材を設けてなる土壌構造改良材とを同時に使用することで、透水性と通気性の両方を確保することが可能となる。そのため、土壌中での余分な水を流したり、蒸散したりする一方で、植物の生育に適した水分を維持することが可能になるので、滞水を活性化し、根腐れを防止して、干ばつ時には乾燥枯れを防止することができる。さらに、通気性の確保によって、根に酸素を補給して植栽の生育に大きな効果を発揮することも可能である。   Furthermore, by simultaneously using the filling material of the present invention and a soil structure improving material in which granular foamed igneous rock is enclosed in a water-soluble plastic bag and a net-like reinforcing material is provided thereon, the water permeability and Both air permeability can be ensured. Therefore, while allowing excess water in the soil to flow or transpiration, it becomes possible to maintain moisture suitable for plant growth, so it activates water retention and prevents root rot, Dry drought can be prevented during drought. Furthermore, by ensuring air permeability, it is also possible to replenish oxygen to the roots and exert a great effect on the growth of planting.

以下、実施例によって本発明を具体的に説明する。ただし、本発明は以下の実施例によって何ら制限されるものではない。
実施例1:
発泡火成岩として、天然ガラス系岩石の黒曜石(ヤジリ石)を破砕し約1000℃の高熱で発泡せしめたものを使用した。使用した発泡火成岩の物性値を表4に示す。
Hereinafter, the present invention will be described specifically by way of examples. However, the present invention is not limited by the following examples.
Example 1:
As the foamed igneous rock, a natural glass rock obsidian (jajiri) was crushed and foamed with a high heat of about 1000 ° C. Table 4 shows the physical property values of the foamed igneous rock used.

Figure 2005139891
Figure 2005139891

発泡火成岩(黒曜石パーライト)3の透水性を確認するため、赤土、荒木田、ヘドロの3つの土質に対して、平均粒径が10mm,20mm,30mmの黒曜石パーライトをそれぞれ混合比10%,30%,50%の割合で混合し、透水係数を測定した。表2にこうしたそれぞれの土質での透水係数の測定結果を示す。   In order to confirm the water permeability of foamed igneous rock (obsidian pearlite) 3, obsidian pearlite with an average particle size of 10 mm, 20 mm, and 30 mm for the three soil types of red soil, Arakida, and sludge is 10%, 30%, respectively. The mixture was mixed at a ratio of 50%, and the water permeability was measured. Table 2 shows the measurement results of the hydraulic conductivity of each soil type.

Figure 2005139891
Figure 2005139891

表2に示す測定結果によれば、赤土、荒木田、ヘドロの3つの土質のいずれも、黒曜石パーライトの混合比を10%から30%,50%と増やすにつれて、透水係数が高くなることが確認された。発泡火成岩3を用いることで、様々な土質の透水性が大いに高められることが確認された。   According to the measurement results shown in Table 2, it was confirmed that the hydraulic conductivity increases as the mixing ratio of obsidian pearlite increases from 10% to 30% and 50% for all three soils of red soil, Arakida, and sludge. It was. It was confirmed that the water permeability of various soils was greatly enhanced by using the foam igneous rock 3.

包装材として表1の物性値を有する生分解性透水紙を用い、発泡火成岩3と包装材2とから充填用材料1を製造した。充填用材料1を用いた各種施工工程と、従来の各種施工工程とを比較検証した。まず、建築物の屋上緑化の排水材施工にあたって、本発明の充填用材料1を用いた場合の工程と、従来の工程とを比較した流れ図を図2に示す。   A biodegradable water-permeable paper having physical properties shown in Table 1 was used as a packaging material, and a filling material 1 was produced from the foamed igneous rock 3 and the packaging material 2. Various construction processes using the filling material 1 were compared with various conventional construction processes. First, FIG. 2 shows a flow chart comparing a process in the case of using the filling material 1 of the present invention and a conventional process in the construction of a drainage material for rooftop greening of a building.

Figure 2005139891
Figure 2005139891

排水材施工は、屋上人工地盤の盛土80cm下に、充填用材料層を20cm層厚設け、その上に盛土した。埋設後、包装袋が土壌中で崩壊することで、実施例1の充填用材料1の透水性にどのような影響を示すのかについて調査した。試験地点は、区画25m(5m×5m)で、そのほぼ中央に観察用の調査坑(直径約60cm)を設置した。現場透水性の調査は、図11に示すように、充填用材料層の上まで孔を堀り、透水性調査用円筒を入れ、円筒周囲に土を詰めた後に隙間から水が漏れないようにパッキングし、上部から静かに注水し、透水性調査用の円筒上にフロー台を置き、水位変化をフロートの移動から求めた。 In the drainage construction, a filling material layer was provided 20 cm thick below the embankment 80 cm of the roof artificial ground, and embankment was performed thereon. After the embedment, the influence of the packaging bag on the water permeability of the filling material 1 of Example 1 was investigated by collapsing in the soil. The test point was a section 25 m 2 (5 m × 5 m), and an observation mine (diameter: about 60 cm) for observation was installed at the approximate center. As shown in FIG. 11, in-situ water permeability investigation is performed such that a hole is dug up to the top of the filling material layer, a cylinder for water permeability investigation is inserted, and soil is not leaked from the gap after filling the soil around the cylinder. After packing, water was poured gently from above, a flow table was placed on the cylinder for water permeability investigation, and the change in water level was determined from the movement of the float.

Figure 2005139891
Figure 2005139891

表3から明らかなように、現場での測定では、埋設後1ヶ月、2ヶ月、5ヶ月と経過するにつれ透水性が早くなる傾向が見られた。また、現場での透水性の調査時に、観察用の調査坑から採取した包装袋をみると、1ヶ月後すでに吸水して崩壊が始まっていた。   As is apparent from Table 3, the on-site measurement showed that the water permeability tended to become faster as 1 month, 2 months, and 5 months passed after embedment. In addition, when we looked at the on-site water permeability survey, looking at the packaging bags taken from the observation survey mine, one month later, water had already been absorbed and the collapse began.

図2から明らかなように、本発明の充填用材料1を用いると、従来のような面倒な作業が一切必要なくなる。あらかじめ単位面積当たりの敷き詰め袋数を算出して必要な数量を用意しておき、あとは所定の位置に敷き詰めるだけで施工は極めて短時間で完了する。特に、市街地域で施工において、周辺環境への配慮が必要な場所や強風下での作業、大規模土壌改良工事での作業能率を図る場合などに特に有効である。   As can be seen from FIG. 2, when the filling material 1 of the present invention is used, the conventional troublesome work is not required at all. The number of laying bags per unit area is calculated in advance and the required quantity is prepared, and then the work is completed in a very short time just by laying down at a predetermined position. In particular, it is particularly effective for construction work in urban areas where the environment needs to be considered, work under strong winds, and work efficiency in large-scale soil improvement work.

続いて、下層路盤材施工にあたって、充填用材料1を用いた場合の工程と、従来の工程とを比較した流れ図を図3に示す。図3から明らかなように、充填用材料1を用いると、従来のように掘削深さを多くとる必要がない。特に、森林の中に作成する遊歩道などでは、生育旺盛な樹木の根の切断を少なくすることができ、環境に配慮した施工を実現できる。また、施工にあたって大型重機などの必要がなく、極めて短時間で作業を完了させることが可能になる。   Next, FIG. 3 shows a flow chart comparing the process in the case of using the filling material 1 and the conventional process in the construction of the lower layer roadbed material. As is apparent from FIG. 3, when the filling material 1 is used, it is not necessary to increase the digging depth as in the prior art. In particular, on promenades created in the forest, it is possible to reduce the cutting of the roots of vibrant trees and to realize environmentally conscious construction. Further, there is no need for large heavy machinery for construction, and the work can be completed in a very short time.

続いて、嵩上げ材施工にあたって、充填用材料1を用いた場合の工程と、従来の工程とを比較した流れ図を図4に示す。図4から明らかなように、充填用材料1を用いると、施工に際して大型重機などの必要がなく、極めて短時間で施工は完了した。また、充填用材料1は超軽量(比重0.1)の為、建築物の屋上の荷重制限に引っかかり難い。嵩上げ材の厚み測定を行う必要がないため、作業能率が飛躍的に向上した。   Next, FIG. 4 shows a flowchart comparing the process when the filling material 1 is used with the conventional process in the construction of the raising material. As apparent from FIG. 4, when the filling material 1 was used, there was no need for a large heavy machine or the like for the construction, and the construction was completed in a very short time. Moreover, since the filling material 1 is ultralight (specific gravity 0.1), it is hard to be caught by the load limitation on the roof of a building. Since it is not necessary to measure the thickness of the raising material, the work efficiency has been dramatically improved.

更に、裏込め材施工にあたって、充填用材料1を用いた場合の工程と、従来の工程とを比較した流れ図を図5に示す。図5から明らかなように、充填用材料1を用いると、施工にあたって従来のように大型重機を必要としないため、運搬費が軽減でき、施工も極めて短時間で完了することができる。また、もともとの個体の比重が違うため、擁壁にかかってくる圧力を軽減することができる。   Furthermore, in the construction of the backfill material, a flow chart comparing the process when the filling material 1 is used and the conventional process is shown in FIG. As can be seen from FIG. 5, when the filling material 1 is used, the construction does not require a large heavy machine as in the prior art, so that the transportation cost can be reduced and the construction can be completed in a very short time. Moreover, since the specific gravity of the original individual is different, the pressure applied to the retaining wall can be reduced.

比較例1および比較例2:
発泡火成岩を用いた従来の充填用材料2種について、その特性を比較検証した。検証に当たっては、比較例1としてホワイトローム(登録商標)、比較例2としてアサノパーライト(登録商標)を用いた。
Comparative Example 1 and Comparative Example 2:
The characteristics of two conventional filling materials using foamed igneous rocks were compared and verified. In the verification, Whiteloam (registered trademark) was used as Comparative Example 1, and Asanoperlite (registered trademark) was used as Comparative Example 2.

まず、袋の表示量(入目規格)に対する実際の充填率を示す充足率を測定した。測定にあたっては、容量5000mlの容器に試料を入れ、落差10cmで軽く3回タップを行なった後、容積を測定した。こうした充足率の測定結果を表5に示す。   First, the fullness rate which shows the actual filling rate with respect to the display amount (entity specification) of a bag was measured. In the measurement, the sample was put into a container with a capacity of 5000 ml, and after tapping lightly 3 times with a drop of 10 cm, the volume was measured. Table 5 shows the measurement results of such a fullness rate.

Figure 2005139891
Figure 2005139891

測定値は、各測定項目とも試料3袋の合計平均値で表示した。SDは標準偏差を示す。表5に示す結果によって、実施例1の充填用材料が比較例1、2に比べて充足率が優れていることが検証された。   The measured value was displayed as the total average value of 3 bags of each sample for each measurement item. SD indicates standard deviation. From the results shown in Table 5, it was verified that the filling material of Example 1 was superior in filling rate compared to Comparative Examples 1 and 2.

次に、収納されている発泡火成岩の粒度における25mm以上の大粒子と、3mm以下の微粒子との含有率を測定した。こうした粒度分布の測定結果を表6および図6に示す。   Next, the contents of large particles of 25 mm or more and fine particles of 3 mm or less in the particle size of the contained foamed igneous rock were measured. The measurement results of such particle size distribution are shown in Table 6 and FIG.

Figure 2005139891
Figure 2005139891

図6、表6に示す結果から、実施例1の充填用材料は比較例1および2に比べて、飛散や流出の原因となる微細な粒度の発泡火成岩や、透水率に影響を及ぼす大粒子の発泡火成岩が極めて少なく、充填用材料として優れている。   From the results shown in FIG. 6 and Table 6, the filling material of Example 1 is a fine particle foam igneous rock that causes scattering and runoff, and large particles that affect water permeability, as compared with Comparative Examples 1 and 2. The foam igneous rock is extremely small and excellent as a filling material.

次に、収納されている発泡火成岩の実際の最大粒度を測定した。測定にあたっては、25mmの篩を使用して選別後、残留した5個の試料(3袋ごとに5個、合計15個)について、縦、横をノギスを用いて測定した。こうした最大粒度の測定結果を表7に示す。   Next, the actual maximum particle size of the contained foam igneous rock was measured. In the measurement, the remaining 5 samples (5 for every 3 bags, 15 in total) after selection using a 25 mm sieve were measured with calipers in the vertical and horizontal directions. Table 7 shows the measurement results of such maximum particle size.

Figure 2005139891
Figure 2005139891

表7に示す結果から、比較例1および2の充填用材料は最大で鶏卵程度の大きさの試料があったが、実施例1では最大でウズラ卵程度の大きさであることがわかる。   From the results shown in Table 7, it can be seen that the filling materials of Comparative Examples 1 and 2 had a maximum size of about a hen egg, but in Example 1, the maximum size was about a quail egg.

更に、収納されている発泡火成岩の硬度を測定した。測定にあたっては、木屋式硬度計(30kg測定用)を用い、3〜25mmの粒径範囲からそれぞれ5個づつ、合計15個を無作為に抽出して測定した。こうした硬度の測定結果を表8に示す。   Furthermore, the hardness of the contained foam igneous rock was measured. In the measurement, using a Kiyama-type hardness meter (for 30 kg measurement), a total of 15 particles were randomly extracted from the particle size range of 3 to 25 mm, and a total of 15 particles were measured. Table 8 shows the measurement results of such hardness.

Figure 2005139891
Figure 2005139891

表8に示す結果から、実施例1の充填用材料の発泡火成岩は、平均硬度が7.2kgであり、比較例の発泡火成岩よりも約2倍の硬度が確保されている。一方、比較例の発泡火成岩は指圧程度で容易に潰れて微粒子化してしまうということがわかった。比較例1、2の発泡火成岩を使用した作業では、微粒子化が起こりやすいため、粉塵が出やすい。また、嵩上げ材の厚みが確保できない。   From the results shown in Table 8, the foaming igneous rock of the filling material of Example 1 has an average hardness of 7.2 kg, which is about twice as hard as the foaming igneous rock of the comparative example. On the other hand, it was found that the foamed igneous rock of the comparative example was easily crushed into fine particles with a finger pressure. In the work using the foamed igneous rocks of Comparative Examples 1 and 2, fine particles are likely to be generated, so that dust is easily generated. Moreover, the thickness of the raising material cannot be ensured.

実施例1の充填用材料を実際に土壌中に施工して一定間隔の経時毎に、生分解性透水紙からなる包装材2の崩壊状況と、土壌の透水性の変化を観察することで、実施例1の充填用材料の有用性を検証した。検証に当たっては、実施例1の充填用材料の包装袋(包装材)の状態観察と土壌透水性の経時的変化の測定を行った。   By observing the collapse state of the packaging material 2 made of biodegradable water-permeable paper and the change in water permeability of the soil every time when the filling material of Example 1 was actually constructed in the soil, The usefulness of the filling material of Example 1 was verified. In the verification, the state of the packaging bag (packaging material) of the filling material of Example 1 was observed and the change in soil permeability over time was measured.

調査方法と調査条件については次に示す通りである。
1、包装袋の崩壊状態観察
施工時に観察調査が可能な大きさのパイプ(直径は50cm以上)を設置した。実施例1の充填用材料と土壌間に敷かれる透水シートは、観察ができるよう直径10cmの大きさに穴を空け、同様の透水シートで覆い、10cm程度覆土した(観察時の作業の手間にならない程度に覆土した)。調査時には、覆っている土壌と透水シートを剥がし、崩壊状況の写真を撮影した。調査後は、剥がした透水シートと土壌を再び元に戻した。
2、透水性測定
調査時に直径10cm程度の穴を複式シャベルで透水シートまで掘り、そこに塩化ビニルパイプを挿入し、パイプ周囲に土を詰め、側面からの水の移動を遮断した。このパイプに水を入れ、一定時間後の減水深さを測定して、土壌透水性を求めた。調査後、パイプを抜き、開けた穴は埋めた。
3、調査期間
この検証に当たって予め予備的に実施したシャーレでの包装袋の分解能試験では、約2週間目から包装袋の崩壊が認められたことを踏まえて、施工直後と施工2週後、施工1ヶ月後、施工2ヶ月後、施工8ヶ月後の調査を行った。
The survey method and survey conditions are as follows.
1. Observation of collapse state of packaging bag A pipe (diameter of 50 cm or more) having a size capable of observation and survey at the time of construction was installed. The water permeable sheet laid between the filling material of Example 1 and the soil was pierced to a size of 10 cm in diameter so that it could be observed, covered with a similar water permeable sheet, and covered with about 10 cm (the labor of the work at the time of observation). It was covered to the extent that it wouldn't be At the time of the survey, the covering soil and the water-permeable sheet were peeled off and a picture of the collapse situation was taken. After the survey, the peeled water-permeable sheet and soil were returned to their original state.
2. Water permeability measurement At the time of investigation, a hole with a diameter of about 10 cm was dug up to a water permeable sheet with a double shovel, a vinyl chloride pipe was inserted therein, soil was filled around the pipe, and water movement from the side was blocked. Water was put into this pipe, and the depth of water reduction after a certain time was measured to determine soil permeability. After the survey, the pipe was pulled out and the hole was filled.
3. Survey period Preliminary inspection of the packaging bag resolution test performed in the petri dish in advance of this verification showed that the collapse of the packaging bag was observed from about the second week. One month later, 2 months after construction, and 8 months after construction were investigated.

充填用材料を土壌中に施工した後の包装袋の崩壊程度を表9にまとめて示すとともに、図7〜11にその状況をイメージで示す。   Table 9 summarizes the degree of collapse of the packaging bag after the filling material is applied in the soil, and FIGS.

Figure 2005139891
Figure 2005139891

また、充填用材料を土壌中に施工した後の土壌の透水性の変化を表10にまとめて示す。   Table 10 summarizes changes in water permeability of the soil after the filling material is applied in the soil.

Figure 2005139891
Figure 2005139891

以上の検証によって、実施例1の充填用材料は、施工直後の状態でも適度な透水性を保っており、崩壊前の状態でも排水機能に大きな支障はないことが確認された。   From the above verification, it was confirmed that the filling material of Example 1 maintained an appropriate water permeability even in the state immediately after the construction, and that there was no significant hindrance to the drainage function even in the state before the collapse.

実施例1の充填用材料を土壌中に施工したときの包装材2の崩壊状況の変化を別な検証例を以下に示す。検証に当たっては、包装袋の崩壊状況の検証として、シャーレを用いて崩壊状況を観察した。   Another verification example of the change in the collapse state of the packaging material 2 when the filling material of Example 1 is applied in soil is shown below. In the verification, as a verification of the collapse state of the packaging bag, the collapse state was observed using a petri dish.

包装袋の崩壊状況を観察するために、室内でシャーレ試験を行った。シャーレの底に包装袋を敷き、その上に黒土(栽培履歴を有する)を入れて水分条件を、無(加水無し)、少(水分約30%)、多(水分約50%)に調整して室内で保存し、土壌中での崩壊状況を比較した。シャーレ試験で行った包装袋の崩壊状況の検証結果を図12〜14にイメージで示す。   In order to observe the collapse state of the packaging bag, a petri dish test was performed indoors. Put a packaging bag on the bottom of the petri dish and put black soil (with a cultivation history) on it to adjust the moisture condition to no (no water), low (about 30% moisture), and high (about 50% moisture). Stored indoors and compared the decay conditions in the soil. The verification result of the collapse state of the packaging bag performed by the petri dish test is shown in FIGS.

包装袋の土壌中での崩壊については、シャーレ試験3ヶ月後の状況をみると、水分50%ではほとんど崩壊していることがわかる。各水分条件での包装袋の残存率を調べると、無(加水無し約20%)で99%、水分少(水分約30%)で79%、水分多(水分約50%)で4%であった。   Regarding the disintegration of the packaging bag in the soil, it can be seen from the situation after 3 months of the petri dish test that the disintegration is almost complete at a moisture of 50%. When the remaining rate of the packaging bag under each moisture condition is examined, it is 99% without water (about 20% without water), 79% with low water (about 30% water), and 4% with high water (about 50% water). there were.

以上の検証結果から、現場透水性は、包装袋自体の透水性が1×10−2cm/secであり、すでに良好な透水性を示している(植栽用客土の品質基準での飽和透水係数は1×10−2cm/sec以上である)。埋設後、透水性は速まる傾向を示した。包装袋が崩壊し、それが実施例1の充填用材料の目詰まりを引き起こし、透水性を阻害する現象はみられなかった。室内試験での包装袋の崩壊については、水分が比較的高く、微生物活性が高まると、土壌中での崩壊、消滅がすすむことが確認された。 From the above verification results, the on-site water permeability is 1 × 10 −2 cm / sec, and the water permeability of the packaging bag itself has already shown good water permeability (saturation based on quality standards for planting land) The permeability coefficient is 1 × 10 −2 cm / sec or more). After embedding, the water permeability tended to increase. The packaging bag collapsed, which caused clogging of the filling material of Example 1, and the phenomenon of impairing water permeability was not observed. As for the collapse of the packaging bag in the laboratory test, it was confirmed that when the moisture content was relatively high and the microbial activity increased, the decay and disappearance in the soil would proceed.

比較例3:
透水率が1.0×10−5cm/秒の包装材を使用して充填用材料を製造し、実施例1と同様に試験したところ、土壌から排水層へ水が動かなくなって、不透水層が出来てしまい、根腐れが発生してしまった。
Comparative Example 3:
A packing material having a water permeability of 1.0 × 10 −5 cm / sec was produced and tested in the same manner as in Example 1. As a result, water stopped moving from the soil to the drainage layer, and the water impermeable A layer was formed and root rot occurred.

比較例4:
初期透水率が植栽客土の0.5倍以下の充填用材料を製造し、実施例1と同様に試験したところ、植栽客土の浸透水が排水量を上回ってしまい、排水不良となって、根腐れが発生してしまった。
Comparative Example 4:
When a filling material having an initial water permeability of 0.5 times or less of the planting soil was manufactured and tested in the same manner as in Example 1, the permeated water of the planting soil exceeded the amount of drainage, resulting in poor drainage. Root rot has occurred.

図1は、実施例1の本発明の充填用材料を示す一部破断斜視図である。1 is a partially broken perspective view showing a filling material of the present invention of Example 1. FIG. 図2は、実施例1の充填用材料の検証結果を示す流れ図(工程図)の一例である。FIG. 2 is an example of a flowchart (process diagram) showing the verification result of the filling material of Example 1. 図3は、実施例1の充填用材料の検証結果を示す流れ図(工程図)の一例である。FIG. 3 is an example of a flowchart (process diagram) showing the verification result of the filling material of Example 1. 図4は、実施例1の充填用材料の検証結果を示す流れ図(工程図)の一例である。FIG. 4 is an example of a flowchart (process diagram) showing the verification result of the filling material of Example 1. 図5は、実施例1の充填用材料の検証結果を示す流れ図(工程図)の一例である。FIG. 5 is an example of a flowchart (process diagram) showing the verification result of the filling material of Example 1. 図6は、実施例1の充填用材料の検証結果を示すグラフである。FIG. 6 is a graph showing the verification result of the filling material of Example 1. 図7は、実施例1の充填用材料の検証結果を示すイメージである。FIG. 7 is an image showing a verification result of the filling material of Example 1. 図8は、実施例1の充填用材料の検証結果を示すイメージである。FIG. 8 is an image showing a verification result of the filling material of Example 1. 図9は、実施例1の充填用材料の検証結果を示すイメージである。FIG. 9 is an image showing a verification result of the filling material of Example 1. 図10は、実施例1の充填用材料の検証結果を示すイメージである。10 is an image showing a verification result of the filling material of Example 1. FIG. 図11は、実施例1の充填用材料の検証状況を示す説明図である。FIG. 11 is an explanatory diagram showing the verification status of the filling material of Example 1. FIG. 図12は、実施例1の充填用材料の検証結果を示すイメージである。12 is an image showing a verification result of the filling material of Example 1. FIG. 図13は、実施例1の充填用材料の検証結果を示すイメージである。FIG. 13 is an image showing a verification result of the filling material of Example 1. 図14は、実施例1の充填用材料の検証結果を示すイメージである。FIG. 14 is an image showing a verification result of the filling material of Example 1.

符号の説明Explanation of symbols

1 充填用材料
2 包装材
3 発泡火成岩(黒曜石パーライト)
4 シール部
1 Filling material 2 Packaging material 3 Foam igneous rock (obsidian perlite)
4 Seal part

Claims (19)

少なくとも一部を透水紙で構成した包装材と、前記包装材で覆われる発泡火成岩とを備えた充填用材料であって、当該材料が初期透水性を有していることを特徴とする充填用材料。   A filling material comprising at least a part of a wrapping material made of permeable paper and foamed igneous rock covered with the wrapping material, the material having initial water permeability material. 前記透水紙の透水率が1×10−2cm/秒以上であることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の充填用材料。 The filling material according to claim 1, wherein a water permeability of the water-permeable paper is 1 × 10 −2 cm / second or more. 前記透水紙は生分解性を有することを特徴とする請求項1または2に記載の充填用材料。   The filling material according to claim 1, wherein the water-permeable paper is biodegradable. 充填用材料の初期透水率が、植栽客土の0.8〜1.2倍であることを特徴とする請求項1ないし3のいずれか1項に記載の充填用材料。   The filling material according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the filling material has an initial water permeability of 0.8 to 1.2 times that of planting soil. 土壌中における施工直後の充填用材料の初期透水率が2×10−2〜4×10−2cm/秒であることを特徴とする請求項1ないし4のいずれか1項に記載の充填用材料。 The initial water permeability of the filling material immediately after construction in the soil is 2 × 10 −2 to 4 × 10 −2 cm / sec, for filling according to any one of claims 1 to 4 material. 土壌中における施工1ヶ月後の充填用材料の透水率が1×10−1〜5×10−1cm/秒であることを特徴とする請求項1ないし5のいずれか1項に記載の充填用材料。 The filling according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the water permeability of the filling material after 1 month of construction in the soil is 1 x 10 -1 to 5 x 10 -1 cm / sec. Materials. 土壌中における施工2ヶ月後の充填用材料の透水率が5×10−1〜10×10−1cm/秒であることを特徴とする請求項1ないし6のいずれか1項に記載の充填用材料。 The filling according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the water permeability of the filling material after construction in the soil is 5 x 10 -1 to 10 x 10 -1 cm / sec. Materials. 層厚20cmのとき、1mあたり10〜40リットルの水分保持量を有することを特徴とする請求項1ないし7のいずれか1項に記載の充填用材料。 When the layer thickness 20 cm, filling material according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that it has a moisture holding amount of 1 m 2 per 10 to 40 liters. 前記発泡火成岩が、25mm以上の粒子が0〜2質量%であり、3mm以下の粒子が0〜10質量%であることを特徴とする請求項1ないし8のいずれか1項に記載の充填用材料。   The filling foam according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the foamed igneous rock is 0 to 2% by mass of particles of 25 mm or more and 0 to 10% by mass of particles of 3 mm or less. material. 前記発泡火成岩の平均硬度が、5kg以上であることを特徴とする請求項1ないし9のいずれか1項に記載の充填用材料。   The filling material according to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein the foamed igneous rock has an average hardness of 5 kg or more. 請求項1ないし10のいずれか1項に記載の充填用材料を使用することを特徴とする下層路盤。   A lower layer roadbed using the filling material according to any one of claims 1 to 10. 請求項1ないし10のいずれか1項に記載の充填用材料を使用することを特徴とする盛土。   The embankment characterized by using the filling material according to any one of claims 1 to 10. 請求項1ないし10のいずれか1項に記載の充填用材料を使用することを特徴とする屋上緑化排水方法。   A rooftop greening drainage method using the filling material according to any one of claims 1 to 10. 請求項1ないし10のいずれか1項に記載の充填用材料を敷き並べ、直接客土を載せることで形成されることを特徴とする通気排水層。   A ventilation drainage layer formed by laying the filling material according to any one of claims 1 to 10 and directly placing a guest soil thereon. 請求項1ないし10のいずれか1項に記載の充填用材料を敷き並べ、直接客土を載せることを特徴とする通気排水層形成方法。   A method for forming a ventilated drainage layer, wherein the filling material according to any one of claims 1 to 10 is laid out and directly loaded with guest soil. 土壌と充填用材料とが直接的に接することを特徴とする請求項15に記載の通気排水層形成方法。   The method according to claim 15, wherein the soil and the filling material are in direct contact with each other. 請求項1ないし10のいずれか1項に記載の充填用材料、防根用シートおよびマルチング材を含んでいることを特徴とする植栽。   Planting characterized by including the filling material of any one of Claim 1 thru | or 10, the sheet | seat for root prevention, and a mulching material. 請求項1ないし10のいずれか1項に記載の充填用材料を敷設し、上部に孔を開けた後、客土を載せることを特徴とする請求項15または16に記載の通気排水層形成方法。   The method for forming a ventilated drainage layer according to claim 15 or 16, wherein the filling material according to any one of claims 1 to 10 is laid, a hole is formed in an upper portion, and then the soil is placed. . 粒状の発泡火成岩を水溶性プラスチックの袋に封入し、その上にネット状補強材を設けてなる土壌構造改良材と、請求項1ないし10のいずれか1項に記載の充填用材料とを同時に使用することを特徴とする土壌改良方法。

A soil structure improving material in which granular foamed igneous rock is enclosed in a water-soluble plastic bag and a net-like reinforcing material is provided thereon, and the filling material according to any one of claims 1 to 10 at the same time. A soil improvement method characterized by using.

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Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP2169116A1 (en) * 2008-09-30 2010-03-31 PERLITE ITALIANA S.r.l. A permeable layered element carreageable parking construction
CN113373754A (en) * 2021-07-01 2021-09-10 新疆铁道勘察设计院有限公司 Air isolation layer construction method, isolation overhead net and frozen soil roadbed construction method
JP7146360B1 (en) 2022-03-29 2022-10-04 真洋 小堀 Tsuboyaki Cooking Device

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP2169116A1 (en) * 2008-09-30 2010-03-31 PERLITE ITALIANA S.r.l. A permeable layered element carreageable parking construction
ITMI20081733A1 (en) * 2008-09-30 2010-04-01 Perlite Italiana S R L CARRIAGE PARKING PERMEABLE WITH STRATIFIED ELEMENTS.
CN113373754A (en) * 2021-07-01 2021-09-10 新疆铁道勘察设计院有限公司 Air isolation layer construction method, isolation overhead net and frozen soil roadbed construction method
JP7146360B1 (en) 2022-03-29 2022-10-04 真洋 小堀 Tsuboyaki Cooking Device
JP2023145818A (en) * 2022-03-29 2023-10-12 真洋 小堀 Cooking device for grilling in pot

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