JP2005139126A - Fluorescent contrast medium and extrasomatic fluorescent contrastradiography - Google Patents

Fluorescent contrast medium and extrasomatic fluorescent contrastradiography Download PDF

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JP2005139126A
JP2005139126A JP2003378083A JP2003378083A JP2005139126A JP 2005139126 A JP2005139126 A JP 2005139126A JP 2003378083 A JP2003378083 A JP 2003378083A JP 2003378083 A JP2003378083 A JP 2003378083A JP 2005139126 A JP2005139126 A JP 2005139126A
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contrast agent
fluorescent contrast
fluorescent
acid group
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Takeshi Haniyu
武 羽生
Yasushi Usagawa
泰 宇佐川
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Konica Minolta Medical and Graphic Inc
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Konica Minolta Medical and Graphic Inc
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Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To obtain a low-toxic and highly water-soluble fluorescent contrast medium emitting fluorescence of such a region as to be transmittable through biological tissue to enable a specific contrastradiography for tumor and/or blood vessel, and to provide a contrastradiography using the fluorescent contrast medium. <P>SOLUTION: The fluorescent contrast medium for tumor or cancer comprises a polymethinecyanine dye having at least two acid groups in the molecule and having thieno[2,3-b]pyrrole, thieno[3,4-b]pyrrole, furano[2,3-b]pyrrole and furano[3,4-b]pyrrole as core nuclei. The contrastradiography using the fluorescent contrast medium is also provided. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2005,JPO&NCIPI

Description

本発明は、蛍光造影剤及び当該造影剤を用いた蛍光造影方法に関する。   The present invention relates to a fluorescence contrast agent and a fluorescence contrast method using the contrast agent.

病気を治療する際に、病気の初期の段階においてその病気により生体内に引き起こされる形態変化を精密且つ迅速に簡便な方法で検出することが要求される。特に癌を治療する場合、初期の小さい病変の場所と大きさの確定が早期治療する上で必要不可欠である。この目的のために既に知られている方法として、内視鏡による生体検査、X線撮影、MRI及び超音波撮影等のような映像診断を挙げることができる。生体検査は直接病変部を観察できるので診断確定に有効ではあるが、同時に被験者に痛みや苦痛を強いる。X線撮影及びMRIは過度にすると有害となる放射線及び磁場を被験者にさらすものであり、時間的経過を追跡しようとするとその被爆時間は追跡時間に比例して増大してしまう。設備や装置も大掛かりになり、その設置と維持に多大の労力と費用が要求される。しかし、小型化が可能で運転の労力が軽減され、使用も簡便化される診断として近赤外蛍光撮影が最近注目されている。近赤外光は、70%以上が水分から成り立つ生体組織を容易に透過し、厚さ10cm〜20cmまでを検査診断できると言われている。そのため、臨床医学の分野で注目を集めつつ、近赤外CTとする診断技術として開発されるようになった。この方法は造影剤として生体の吸収の少ない700nmから1000nmの近赤外の波長を有する励起光の照射により蛍光を放射する化合物を生体中に投与し、身体の外側から近赤外の波長である励起光を照射し、体内の投与された化合物、所謂、蛍光造影剤から放射される蛍光を検出して、病変部を確定する。このような蛍光造影剤として、例えば、腫瘍中に蓄積するポルフィリン化合物やヘマトポルフィルンのような化合物が知られている。これらの化合物は、近赤外の光照射により励起され酸素分子が病変部の生体を酸化することが可能な3重項酸素を生成させ、癌のような病変部の細胞を死滅させて治療を可能にするが、病変部以外の組織を破壊してしまう危険性を孕んでいる。一方、フルオレセインやフルオレサミンのような既知の蛍光色素を用いた造影法が知られている(例えば、特許文献1参照。)が、これらの蛍光色素は生体の光透過が非常に低い青〜緑の光を発するもので、身体の奥の部分の病変の検出が充分にできない。   When treating a disease, it is required to detect a morphological change caused in the living body by the disease in an early stage of the disease accurately and quickly by a simple method. Especially when treating cancer, the determination of the location and size of the initial small lesion is essential for early treatment. Examples of methods already known for this purpose include diagnostic imaging, such as endoscopic biopsy, X-ray imaging, MRI and ultrasound imaging. Biopsy is effective in confirming the diagnosis because it can directly observe the lesion, but at the same time, the subject is forced to ache or pain. X-ray imaging and MRI expose the subject to radiation and magnetic fields that are harmful if excessive, and the exposure time increases in proportion to the tracking time when trying to track the time course. Equipment and devices are also large, and a great deal of labor and cost is required for their installation and maintenance. However, near-infrared fluorescence imaging has recently attracted attention as a diagnosis that can be downsized, reduce the labor of operation, and simplify use. It is said that near-infrared light can easily pass through a biological tissue in which 70% or more is made of moisture, and can inspect and diagnose a thickness of 10 cm to 20 cm. Therefore, it has come to be developed as a diagnostic technique for near infrared CT while attracting attention in the field of clinical medicine. In this method, a compound that emits fluorescence when irradiated with excitation light having a near-infrared wavelength of 700 nm to 1000 nm as a contrast agent is irradiated into the living body and has a near-infrared wavelength from outside the body. Irradiation with excitation light, and detection of fluorescence emitted from a compound administered in the body, that is, a so-called fluorescent contrast agent, determines the lesion. As such a fluorescent contrast agent, for example, compounds such as porphyrin compounds and hematoporphyrin that accumulate in tumors are known. These compounds are excited by near-infrared light irradiation to generate triplet oxygen that can oxidize the living body of the lesion, killing cells of the lesion such as cancer, and treating them. Although possible, there is a risk of destroying tissues other than the lesion. On the other hand, contrast methods using known fluorescent dyes such as fluorescein and fluoresamine are known (see, for example, Patent Document 1), but these fluorescent dyes are blue to green that have very low light transmission in the living body. It emits light and cannot detect lesions in the back of the body.

近赤外領域で蛍光を発するシアニン色素は、蛍光造影剤として期待され、各種のシアニン色素化合物が検討された。シアニン化合物の蛍光造影剤が報告されて以来、親水性、モル吸光係数、量子収率の高い化合物に改変すべく、各種周辺シアニン化合物を造影剤とする技術が開示され(例えば、特許文献2〜4参照。)た。しかしながら、正常な組織を病変組織と識別する能力(造影力)とともに、生体から造影後に生体内で完全に分解され無害となるか、又は完全に排出されることが必要で(非蓄積性)、両者を兼ねた安全な造影剤は見つかっていない。
米国特許第4,945,239号明細書 (第1〜11頁) 特開2000−95758号公報 (第1〜20頁) 特表2002−526458号公報 (第1〜33頁) 特開2003−160558号公報 (第1〜6頁)
Cyanine dyes that emit fluorescence in the near infrared region are expected as fluorescent contrast agents, and various cyanine dye compounds have been studied. Since a fluorescent contrast agent of cyanine compound was reported, a technique using various peripheral cyanine compounds as a contrast agent has been disclosed in order to change to a compound having high hydrophilicity, molar extinction coefficient, and quantum yield (for example, Patent Documents 2 to 2). 4). However, together with the ability to distinguish normal tissue from diseased tissue (contrast power), it is necessary to be completely decomposed and harmless in the living body after contrasting from the living body, or completely discharged (non-accumulating), A safe contrast agent that combines the two has not been found.
US Pat. No. 4,945,239 (pages 1-11) JP 2000-95758 A (pages 1 to 20) JP 2002-526458 A (pages 1-33) JP 2003-160558 A (pages 1 to 6)

本発明の目的は、蛍光造影剤を提供することにある。本発明の造影剤は毒性が低く優れた水溶性を有する。さらに、それは生体組織中を透過できる領域の蛍光を放射し、腫瘍及び/又は血管の特定の造影を可能にする。本発明の別の目的は当該蛍光造影剤を用いた蛍光造影法を提供することことにある。   An object of the present invention is to provide a fluorescent contrast agent. The contrast agent of the present invention has low water toxicity and excellent water solubility. In addition, it emits fluorescence in areas that can penetrate through living tissue, allowing for specific imaging of tumors and / or blood vessels. Another object of the present invention is to provide a fluorescence contrast method using the fluorescent contrast agent.

本発明の上記目的は、以下の構成により達成することができる。
(請求項1)
分子中に少なくとも2個の酸基を有するチエノ〔2,3−b〕ピロール、チエノ〔3,4−b〕ピロール、フラノ〔2,3−b〕ピロール及びフラノ〔3,4−b〕ピロールを母核とするポリメチンシアニン染料を含む腫瘍又は癌のための蛍光造影剤。
(請求項2)
上記ポリメチンシアニン染料が下記一般式(I)、(II)及び(III)から選ばれる少なくとも1種であることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の蛍光造影剤。
The above object of the present invention can be achieved by the following configuration.
(Claim 1)
Thieno [2,3-b] pyrrole, thieno [3,4-b] pyrrole, furano [2,3-b] pyrrole and furano [3,4-b] pyrrole having at least two acid groups in the molecule A fluorescent contrast agent for tumors or cancers containing a polymethine cyanine dye having as a nucleus.
(Claim 2)
2. The fluorescent contrast agent according to claim 1, wherein the polymethine cyanine dye is at least one selected from the following general formulas (I), (II) and (III).

Figure 2005139126
Figure 2005139126

(式中、R1,R2,R3,R4,R5及びR6は各々アルキル基を表し、R1及びR4で表されるアルキル基は置換されてもよい。Z1及びZ2は各々チエノピロール環及びフラノピロール環から選ばれる少なくとも1種を形成するに必要な非金属原子群を表す。Y1はピリジン環を形成するに必要な非金属原子群を表し、Lはメチン基を表し、X-はアニオンを表す。mは3又は4の整数を表し、nは1又は2の整数を表す。ただし、mが3の場合、R1及びR4は置換アルキル基が好ましく、又、染料が分子内塩を形成する時はnは1である。尚、R1〜R6、Z1、Z2、Y1のいずれかに酸基を有し、分子中の酸基の合計は少なくとも2個である。)
(請求項3)
一般式(I)、(II)及び(III)の酸基がスルホン酸基、カルボン酸基及び燐酸基から選択される基であることを特徴とする請求項1又は2に記載の蛍光造影剤。
(請求項4)
分子中の酸基がスルホン酸基又はカルボン酸基から選択される基を含み、酸基の合計が2以上であることを特徴とする請求項1〜3のいずれか1項に記載の蛍光造影剤。
(請求項5)
分子中の酸基の少なくとも2つがスルホン酸基であることを特徴とする請求項1〜4のいずれか1項に記載の蛍光造影剤。
(請求項6)
酸基の塩がナトリウム塩であることを特徴とする請求項1〜5のいずれか1項に記載の蛍光造影剤。
(請求項7)
前記腫瘍又は癌が、脳、***部、胸部、前立腺、結腸、肺、肝臓、すい臓、胃、リンパ腫、子宮、子宮頸部、上下肢、肉腫及び黒腫でなるグループから選択されていることを特徴とする請求項1〜6のいずれか1項に記載の蛍光造影剤。
(請求項8)
請求項1〜7のいずれか1項に記載の蛍光造影剤を生体内に導入し、前記生体に励起光を照射し、該蛍光造影剤からの蛍光を検出することによる体外蛍光造影方法。
(Wherein R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , R 5 and R 6 each represents an alkyl group, and the alkyl group represented by R 1 and R 4 may be substituted. Z 1 and Z 2 represents a nonmetallic atom group necessary for forming at least one selected from a thienopyrrole ring and a furanopyrrole ring, Y 1 represents a nonmetallic atom group necessary for forming a pyridine ring, and L represents a methine group. the stands, X -. the .m representing the anion is an integer of 3 or 4, n is an integer of 1 or 2 provided that when m is 3, R 1 and R 4 is preferably a substituted alkyl group, In addition, when the dye forms an inner salt, n is 1. In addition, any of R 1 to R 6 , Z 1 , Z 2 , Y 1 has an acid group, and the acid group in the molecule The total is at least two.)
(Claim 3)
The fluorescent contrast agent according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the acid group of the general formulas (I), (II) and (III) is a group selected from a sulfonic acid group, a carboxylic acid group and a phosphoric acid group. .
(Claim 4)
The contrast enhancement according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the acid group in the molecule includes a group selected from a sulfonic acid group or a carboxylic acid group, and the total of the acid groups is 2 or more. Agent.
(Claim 5)
The fluorescent contrast agent according to claim 1, wherein at least two of the acid groups in the molecule are sulfonic acid groups.
(Claim 6)
The fluorescent contrast agent according to claim 1, wherein the salt of the acid group is a sodium salt.
(Claim 7)
The tumor or cancer is selected from the group consisting of brain, breast, breast, prostate, colon, lung, liver, pancreas, stomach, lymphoma, uterus, cervix, upper and lower limbs, sarcoma and melanoma The fluorescent contrast agent according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein
(Claim 8)
An extracorporeal fluorescence contrast method by introducing the fluorescent contrast agent according to any one of claims 1 to 7 into a living body, irradiating the living body with excitation light, and detecting fluorescence from the fluorescent contrast agent.

本発明により、毒性が低く優れた水溶性を有し、さらに、生体組織中を透過できる領域の蛍光を放射し、腫瘍及び/又は血管の特定の造影を可能にする蛍光造影剤と該蛍光造影剤を用いた蛍光造影法が得られた。   According to the present invention, a fluorescent contrast agent that has low water toxicity, excellent water solubility, and emits fluorescence in a region that can be transmitted through a living tissue to enable specific imaging of a tumor and / or blood vessel, and the fluorescence imaging A fluorescence contrast method using the agent was obtained.

本発明を更に詳しく説明する。本発明の染料化合物は上記一般式(I)、(II)及び(III)によって表される。式中、R1,R2,R3,R4,R5及びR6は各々アルキル基を表し、R1及びR4で表されるアルキル基は置換されてもよい。Z1及びZ2は各々ピリジン環を形成するに必要な非金属原子群を表す。Y1はピリジン環を形成するに必要な非金属原子群を表す。Lはメチン基を表し、X-はアニオンを表す。mは3又は4の整数を表し、nは1又は2の整数を表す。ただし、mが3の場合、R1及びR4は置換アルキル基が好ましく、又、染料が分子内塩を形成する時はnは1である。前記一般式(I),(II)及び(III)で表される化合物は酸基を含んでもよく、酸基としては、スルホン酸基、カルボン酸基、ホスホン酸基等が挙げられ、これらの酸基は各々、その塩を包含する。塩としては、ナトリウム、カリウム等のアルカリ金属塩、アンモニウム、トリエチルアンモニウム、ピリジニウム等の有機アンモニウム塩を挙げることができる。又、前記一般式(I),(II)及び(III)で表される化合物は−CH2CH2OR基を含んでもよい。Rは水素原子又はアルキル基を表す。Rで表されるアルキル基は炭素数4以下の低級アルキル基が好ましい。−CH2CH2OR基を含む置換基としては、例えばヒドロキシエチル基、ヒドロキシエトキシエチル基、メトキシエトキシエチル基、ヒドロキシエチルカルバモイルメチル基、ヒドロキシエトキシエチルカルバモイルメチル基、N,N−ジヒドロキシエチルカルバモイルメチル基、ヒドロキシエチルスルファモイルエチル基、メトキシエトキシエトキシカルボニルメチル基等を挙げることができる。Z1,Z2,Y1は前述した酸基及び−CH2CH2OR基の他に種々の置換基を有してもよいが、その他の置換基としては、ヒドロキシル基、シアノ基、アルキル基(例えば、メチル、エチル基等)、アルコキシ基(例えば、メトキシ、エトキシ基等)、アリール基(例えばフェニル基等)、ハロゲン原子(例えば、弗素、塩素、臭素原子等)等が挙げられる。R1,R2,R3,R4,R5及びR6で表されるアルキル基は、好ましくは炭素数1〜8の低級アルキル基(例えば、メチル、エチル、プロピル、i−プロピル、ブチル基等)を表し、前記の酸置換基又は−CH2CH2OR基以外の置換基を有してもよい。Lで表されるメチン基も置換基を有してもよく、置換基としては炭素数1〜5の置換又は無置換の低級アルキル基(例えば、メチル、エチル、3−ヒドロキシプロピル、2−スルホエチル基等)、ハロゲン原子(例えば、弗素、塩素、臭素原子等)、アリール基(例えばフェニル基)、アルコキシ基(例えば、メトキシ、エトキシ基等)などが挙げられる。また、メチン基の置換基同士が結合して3つのメチン基を含む6員環(例えば4,4−ジメチルシクロヘキサン環)を形成してもよい。X-で表されるアニオンは、特に制約されないが、具体的としてハロゲンイオン、p−トルエンスルホン酸イオン、エチル硫酸イオン等が挙げられる。本発明に係る一般式(I)〜(III)で表されるシアニン染料は、m=3のペンタメチンシアニン染料及びm=4のヘプタメチンシアニン染料であるが、好ましくはm=4のヘプタメチンシアニン染料である。 The present invention will be described in more detail. The dye compound of the present invention is represented by the above general formulas (I), (II) and (III). In the formula, R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , R 5 and R 6 each represents an alkyl group, and the alkyl group represented by R 1 and R 4 may be substituted. Z 1 and Z 2 each represent a nonmetallic atom group necessary for forming a pyridine ring. Y 1 represents a nonmetallic atom group necessary for forming a pyridine ring. L represents a methine group, and X represents an anion. m represents an integer of 3 or 4, and n represents an integer of 1 or 2. However, when m is 3, R 1 and R 4 are preferably substituted alkyl groups, and n is 1 when the dye forms an inner salt. The compounds represented by the general formulas (I), (II) and (III) may contain an acid group, and examples of the acid group include a sulfonic acid group, a carboxylic acid group, and a phosphonic acid group. Each acid group includes its salts. Examples of the salt include alkali metal salts such as sodium and potassium, and organic ammonium salts such as ammonium, triethylammonium, and pyridinium. The compounds represented by the general formulas (I), (II) and (III) may contain a —CH 2 CH 2 OR group. R represents a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group. The alkyl group represented by R is preferably a lower alkyl group having 4 or less carbon atoms. Examples of the substituent containing a —CH 2 CH 2 OR group include a hydroxyethyl group, a hydroxyethoxyethyl group, a methoxyethoxyethyl group, a hydroxyethylcarbamoylmethyl group, a hydroxyethoxyethylcarbamoylmethyl group, and N, N-dihydroxyethylcarbamoylmethyl. Group, hydroxyethylsulfamoylethyl group, methoxyethoxyethoxycarbonylmethyl group and the like. Z 1 , Z 2 , and Y 1 may have various substituents in addition to the acid group and —CH 2 CH 2 OR group described above. Examples of other substituents include a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, and an alkyl group. Examples include a group (for example, methyl, ethyl group, etc.), an alkoxy group (for example, methoxy, ethoxy group, etc.), an aryl group (for example, phenyl group), a halogen atom (for example, fluorine, chlorine, bromine atom, etc.) and the like. The alkyl group represented by R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , R 5 and R 6 is preferably a lower alkyl group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms (for example, methyl, ethyl, propyl, i-propyl, butyl). Group), and may have a substituent other than the above-described acid substituent or —CH 2 CH 2 OR group. The methine group represented by L may also have a substituent, and the substituent is a substituted or unsubstituted lower alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms (for example, methyl, ethyl, 3-hydroxypropyl, 2-sulfoethyl). Group), a halogen atom (eg, fluorine, chlorine, bromine atom, etc.), an aryl group (eg, phenyl group), an alkoxy group (eg, methoxy, ethoxy group, etc.) and the like. Further, substituents of the methine group may be bonded to each other to form a 6-membered ring (for example, a 4,4-dimethylcyclohexane ring) containing three methine groups. The anion represented by X is not particularly limited, and specific examples include halogen ions, p-toluenesulfonic acid ions, ethyl sulfate ions, and the like. The cyanine dyes represented by formulas (I) to (III) according to the present invention are m = 3 pentamethine cyanine dye and m = 4 heptamethine cyanine dye, preferably m = 4 heptamethine. Cyanine dye.

本発明に用いられる前記一般式(I)、(II)及び(III)で表される染料(以下、本発明の染料と称す)の具体例を以下に示すが、本発明はこれ等に限定されるものではない。発明の染料は、ジャーナル・オブ・ザ・ケミカル・ソサイェティ(J.Chem.Soc.)189頁(1933年)、米国特許2,895,955号、特開昭62−123454号及び特許2557252等を参考にして合成することができる。本発明の染料の母核としては例えば次の様な化合物が挙げられる。   Specific examples of the dyes represented by the general formulas (I), (II) and (III) used in the present invention (hereinafter referred to as the dyes of the present invention) are shown below, but the present invention is limited to these. Is not to be done. The dyes of the invention include, for example, J. Chem. Soc., Page 189 (1933), U.S. Pat. No. 2,895,955, JP-A No. 62-123454, and Japanese Patent No. 2557252. It can be synthesized with reference. Examples of the mother nucleus of the dye of the present invention include the following compounds.

Figure 2005139126
Figure 2005139126

化合物(A)、(B)、(C)、(C’)、(D)、(E),(F)及び(G)はケミカルアブストラクツ(CA)62,10438c及び71,22045mに記載の方法で合成することができる。これらの母核を用いて四級化、スルホン化等を必要に応じて行うことができる。又は、J.Chem.Soc.,3202(1959)及びJ.Chem.Soc.,584(1961)に記載の合成法に準じてもできる。これらの四級化され、又、必要に応じてスルホン化された母核化合物を用いて、適当なメチン鎖供給体を反応させれば容易に本発明の化合物を得ることができる。メチン鎖供給体としてグルタコンアルデヒドジアニル塩酸塩(ジアニル化合物)を用いればポリメチン染料が得られる。好ましい具体例を下記に示す。   Compounds (A), (B), (C), (C ′), (D), (E), (F) and (G) are described in Chemical Abstracts (CA) 62, 10438c and 71,22045m. It can be synthesized by the method of These mother nuclei can be used for quaternization, sulfonation and the like as required. Or J. Chem. Soc. 3202 (1959) and J.A. Chem. Soc. , 584 (1961). The compound of the present invention can be easily obtained by reacting an appropriate methine chain supplier using these quaternized and optionally sulfonated mother nucleus compounds. If glutaconaldehyde dianil hydrochloride (dianyl compound) is used as the methine chain supplier, a polymethine dye can be obtained. Preferred specific examples are shown below.

Figure 2005139126
Figure 2005139126

Figure 2005139126
Figure 2005139126

Figure 2005139126
Figure 2005139126

生体内で使用されることになる蛍光造影剤は、体内に蓄積されず、速やかに体外に排出されることが重要で、基本的に水溶性であることが必要条件である。水溶性を向上させる手段としては、アニオン系のカルボン酸やスルホン酸の塩類であることが好ましい。本発明の近赤外蛍光造影剤は上記化合物中に3個以上のスルホン酸基を導入することにより水溶性が顕著に改善されている。優れた水溶性を得るには、スルホン酸基の数は4個以上であることが好ましい。合成を容易にするには、スルホン酸基の数は10個以下、好ましくは8個以下である。水溶性の尺度は各化合物の分配係数の測定、例えば分配係数を脂肪族アルコール、例えば、ブタノールと水の二相系で測定することにより調べることができる。例えば、3個以上のスルホン酸基の導入によりn−ブタノール/水の分配係数logPo/wは−1.00以下となる。生体における水溶性の判断の方法としては、生理的食塩水に溶解し、36℃において時間経過後も沈殿や析出のないことである。生体内に投与されて許容される塩は本発明の化合物と非毒性の塩を形成するものであればよい。それらの例としては、ナトリウム塩、カリウム塩のようなアルカリ金属塩;マグネシウム塩、カルシウム塩等のようなアルカリ土類金属塩、トリプトファン、メチオニン、リジン、フェニルアラニン、ロイシン、イソロイシン、バリン、スレオニン、アルギニン等の塩のようなアミノ酸塩が挙げられる。特に好ましいのは生体内での毒性が低いナトリウム塩である。   It is important that the fluorescent contrast agent to be used in the living body is not accumulated in the body but is quickly discharged out of the body, and is basically a water-soluble condition. As a means for improving water solubility, anionic carboxylic acid or sulfonic acid salts are preferable. The near-infrared fluorescent contrast agent of the present invention is remarkably improved in water solubility by introducing three or more sulfonic acid groups into the compound. In order to obtain excellent water solubility, the number of sulfonic acid groups is preferably 4 or more. In order to facilitate the synthesis, the number of sulfonic acid groups is 10 or less, preferably 8 or less. A measure of water solubility can be determined by measuring the partition coefficient of each compound, for example, by measuring the partition coefficient in a two-phase system of an aliphatic alcohol such as butanol and water. For example, by introducing 3 or more sulfonic acid groups, the distribution coefficient logPo / w of n-butanol / water becomes −1.00 or less. A method for determining water solubility in a living body is that it dissolves in physiological saline and does not precipitate or precipitate after a lapse of time at 36 ° C. Any salt that can be tolerated when administered in vivo should be one that forms a non-toxic salt with the compound of the present invention. Examples thereof include alkali metal salts such as sodium salts and potassium salts; alkaline earth metal salts such as magnesium salts and calcium salts, tryptophan, methionine, lysine, phenylalanine, leucine, isoleucine, valine, threonine and arginine. And amino acid salts such as salts thereof. Particularly preferred are sodium salts that have low toxicity in vivo.

本発明の造影剤は、血管(静脈、動脈)内、経口内、腹腔内、皮下、皮内、膀胱内、気管(支)内等へ注入、噴霧もしくは塗布等の手段により生体内に投与することができる。本発明の蛍光造影剤の投与量は、最終的に診断する部位を検出できる量であれば特に限定されず、使用する近赤外蛍光を発する化合物の種類、投与される対象の年齢や身体の大きさおよび標的とする臓器等によって適宜増減できるが、通常、0.1〜100mg/kg・体重、好ましくは0.5〜20mg/kg・体重の範囲の投与である。   The contrast agent of the present invention is administered into a living body by means such as injection, spraying or coating into blood vessels (veins, arteries), oral, intraperitoneal, subcutaneous, intradermal, intravesical, intratracheal (branch), etc. be able to. The dose of the fluorescent contrast agent of the present invention is not particularly limited as long as it is an amount that can finally detect the site to be diagnosed. The type of the compound that emits near-infrared fluorescence to be used, the age of the subject to be administered, and the body Although it can be appropriately increased or decreased depending on the size and target organ, etc., it is usually administered in the range of 0.1 to 100 mg / kg / body weight, preferably 0.5 to 20 mg / kg / body weight.

本発明の造影剤は動物用の造影剤としても好適に用いることができ、その投与形態、投与経路、投与量等は対象となる動物の体重や状態によって適宜選択する。   The contrast agent of the present invention can also be suitably used as a contrast agent for animals, and its administration form, administration route, dosage and the like are appropriately selected depending on the body weight and condition of the subject animal.

本発明においては、上記一般式(I)(II)及び(III)で表され、その分子内に2個以上、好ましくは4個以上のスルホン酸基を有する一連の化合物は、ある濃度において腫瘍組織に集積し、ある濃度以下になると体外に排出されやすくなる性質を有し、その特性を利用して腫瘍組織を、選択的且つ、特異的に造影することが可能な蛍光造影剤として使用できる。また、本発明の化合物は、血管内に一旦注入されると血管壁外に拡散しにくく、血管内に留まる性質が高く、血管造影剤としても使用できる。   In the present invention, a series of compounds represented by the above general formulas (I), (II), and (III) and having 2 or more, preferably 4 or more sulfonic acid groups in the molecule, is a tumor at a certain concentration. Accumulated in tissue and has the property of being easily discharged outside the body when the concentration falls below a certain level, and can be used as a fluorescent contrast agent that can selectively and specifically contrast tumor tissue using this property . Further, the compound of the present invention is difficult to diffuse out of the blood vessel wall once injected into the blood vessel, and has a high property of remaining in the blood vessel, and can also be used as an angiographic agent.

本発明の蛍光造影方法は、本発明の蛍光造影剤を用いることを特徴とする。その測定方法は当業者には公知の方法を用いて行われ、励起波長、検出のための蛍光波長等の各条件は、最適で最高の検出能状態を得るために、投与する蛍光造影剤の種類、投与する対象等に応じて適宜決定される。本発明の蛍光造影剤を測定対象物に投与してから、本発明の蛍光造影方法を用いて測定を開始するのに要する時間も、投与する蛍光造影剤の種類、投与する対象等によって異なるが、例えば腫瘍や癌造影を目的として投与する場合には投与後10分〜6時間程度の経過時間を選択することが好ましい。経過時間が短すぎると全体に蛍光が偏在して目的とする部位とそれ以外の部位との識別が困難であり、長すぎると当該造影剤が体外に***されてしまう。血管造影を目的とする場合には投与直後〜1時間の経過時間で測定することが好ましい。   The fluorescent contrast method of the present invention is characterized by using the fluorescent contrast agent of the present invention. The measurement method is performed using a method known to those skilled in the art. The conditions of the excitation wavelength, the fluorescence wavelength for detection, and the like are optimized so as to obtain the optimal and best detection state. It is determined appropriately according to the type, subject to be administered and the like. The time required to start the measurement using the fluorescence contrast method of the present invention after administering the fluorescent contrast agent of the present invention to the measurement object also varies depending on the type of the fluorescent contrast agent to be administered, the subject to be administered, etc. For example, when administering for the purpose of tumor or cancer imaging, it is preferable to select an elapsed time of about 10 minutes to 6 hours after administration. If the elapsed time is too short, the fluorescence is unevenly distributed on the whole and it is difficult to distinguish between the target site and the other site, and if it is too long, the contrast agent is excreted outside the body. For the purpose of angiography, it is preferable to measure at an elapsed time of 1 hour after administration.

本発明に使用する蛍光造影剤を測定対象物に投与した後、励起光源により励起光を測定対象物へ照射し、該励起光により生じる蛍光造影剤からの蛍光を蛍光検出器で検出する。励起するための波長は、使用する蛍光造影剤によって異なり、本発明の化合物が効率よく蛍光を発すればとくに限定されないが、好ましくは生体透過性に優れた近赤外光が用いられる。通常600〜1000nm、好ましくは700〜850nmの波長の励起光で励起し、蛍光を高感度に検出する。この場合、蛍光励起光源としては、各種レーザー光源、例えば、イオンレーザー、色素レーザー、半導体レーザー等、或いはハロゲン光源、キセノン光源等の通常の励起光源を使用してもよく、更に最適な励起波長を得るために各種光学フィルターを使用することができる。同様に、蛍光の検出に際しても、蛍光造影剤からの蛍光のみを選択する各種光学フィルターを使用して、蛍光の検出感度を高めることができる。   After the fluorescent contrast agent used in the present invention is administered to the measurement object, excitation light is irradiated onto the measurement object by an excitation light source, and fluorescence from the fluorescent contrast agent generated by the excitation light is detected by a fluorescence detector. The wavelength for excitation varies depending on the fluorescent contrast agent to be used, and is not particularly limited as long as the compound of the present invention emits fluorescence efficiently, but near infrared light excellent in biopermeability is preferably used. Usually, excitation is performed with excitation light having a wavelength of 600 to 1000 nm, preferably 700 to 850 nm, and fluorescence is detected with high sensitivity. In this case, as the fluorescence excitation light source, various laser light sources such as an ion laser, a dye laser, a semiconductor laser, or a normal excitation light source such as a halogen light source or a xenon light source may be used. Various optical filters can be used to obtain. Similarly, when detecting fluorescence, the fluorescence detection sensitivity can be increased by using various optical filters that select only fluorescence from the fluorescent contrast agent.

実施例1
(化合物例1の合成)
前述の文献に従って合成した化合物(E)を常法に従いブタンサルトンで4級化した後、この4級化物5.0gを酢酸40mlに加温溶解し、グルタコンアルデヒドジアニル塩酸塩1.0g、無水酢酸9ml、ピリジン13mlを加えて浴温80〜85℃で30分間加熱・撹拌した。放冷後、イソプロピルエーテルを加えデカンデーションした。更に、メタノール、アセトン及びイソプロピルエーテルを加えてデカンテーションして精製し、更に飽和食塩水で3回塩析精製して化合物(1)を得た。得られた化合物の炎色反応は黄色であった。λmax(メタノール中)=733nm
(化合物例3の合成)
前述の文献に従って合成した化合物(G)を常法に従いブタンサルトンで4級化した後、化合物(1)と同様の反応条件で反応させた後、メタノール、アセトン及びイソプロピルエーテルを加えてデカンテーションして精製し、飽和食塩水で3回塩析精製して化合物(3)を得た。得られた化合物の炎色反応は黄色であった。λmax(メタノール中)=731nm
(化合物例5の合成)
前述の化合物(E)を濃硫酸と発煙硫酸でスルホン化を行い、そのスルホン化物2.6gをブタンサルトンで4級化した後、化合物1と同様な反応をさせた後、飽和食塩水で3回塩析精製して化合物(5)を得た。得られた化合物の炎色反応は黄色であった。λmax(メタノール中)=733nm
(化合物例7の合成)
前述の化合物Gを濃硫酸と発煙硫酸で酸でスルホン化を行い、スルホン化物3.3g40mlを常法に従い、ブタンサルトンで4級化した後、飽和食塩水で3回塩析精製して化合物(7)0.36gを得た。得られた化合物の炎色反応は黄色であった。λmax(メタノール中)=747nm
(化合物例9の合成)
前述の文献に準じて化合物(B)をブタンサルトンで4級化した後、化合物Eのブタンサルトンで4級化した化合物を用い常法に従い、縮合して化合物(9)を得た。メタノール、アセトン及びイソプロピルエーテルを加えてデカンテーションして精製し、飽和食塩水で3回塩析精製して化合物(9)を得た。得られた化合物の炎色反応は黄色であった。λmax(メタノール中)=767nm
実施例2
乳癌発癌モデルマウスの作製
乳癌発癌モデルマウスの作出老化促進マウス、所謂SAM系の1系統であるSAMP6/Ta系マウスに乳癌を発症させるために発癌物質7,12−ジメチルベンズ[a]アントラセン(DMBA)を投与して乳癌発癌モデルマウスを作出した。マウスの発癌方法は、特開2003−33125号に準じて行った。SAMP6/Ta系マウスを各20匹に、DMBAを0.5mg/マウス/週で計6回投与した。飼料としては高タンパク質高カロリーのCA−1固形(日本クレア社製)を与えた。発癌物質の第6回目の投与の後、第1回目投与から起算して第20週迄までを休薬期間とした。乳癌および乳癌の肺転移を病理組織学的に検索した。DMBAを1週間隔で6回投与し、その後の投与開始より第20週目まで休薬し、乳癌発生したマウス(乳癌発生率75%)を使用した。
Example 1
(Synthesis of Compound Example 1)
The compound (E) synthesized according to the above-mentioned literature was quaternized with butane sultone according to a conventional method, and then 5.0 g of this quaternized product was dissolved in 40 ml of acetic acid by heating, and 1.0 g of glutaconaldehyde dianil hydrochloride, anhydrous Acetic acid 9 ml and pyridine 13 ml were added, and the mixture was heated and stirred at a bath temperature of 80 to 85 ° C. for 30 minutes. After allowing to cool, isopropyl ether was added and decanted. Further, methanol, acetone and isopropyl ether were added and purified by decantation, and further salted out and purified three times with saturated saline to obtain a compound (1). The flame reaction of the obtained compound was yellow. λmax (in methanol) = 733 nm
(Synthesis of Compound Example 3)
The compound (G) synthesized according to the above-mentioned literature is quaternized with butane sultone according to a conventional method, reacted under the same reaction conditions as compound (1), and then decanted with methanol, acetone and isopropyl ether. The product was purified and salted out and purified 3 times with saturated saline to give compound (3). The flame reaction of the obtained compound was yellow. λmax (in methanol) = 731 nm
(Synthesis of Compound Example 5)
The above compound (E) is sulfonated with concentrated sulfuric acid and fuming sulfuric acid, 2.6 g of the sulfonated product is quaternized with butane sultone, reacted in the same manner as compound 1, and then three times with saturated saline. The compound (5) was obtained by salting-out purification. The flame reaction of the obtained compound was yellow. λmax (in methanol) = 733 nm
(Synthesis of Compound Example 7)
The above-mentioned compound G was sulfonated with concentrated sulfuric acid and fuming sulfuric acid, and 40 g of sulfonated product 3.3 g was quaternized with butane sultone according to a conventional method, and then salted out and purified 3 times with saturated saline to give compound (7 ) 0.36 g was obtained. The flame reaction of the obtained compound was yellow. λmax (in methanol) = 747 nm
(Synthesis of Compound Example 9)
The compound (B) was quaternized with butane sultone according to the aforementioned literature, and then condensed using the compound quaternized with butane sultone of compound E according to a conventional method to obtain compound (9). Methanol, acetone and isopropyl ether were added and decanted for purification, followed by salting-out purification with saturated brine three times to obtain compound (9). The flame reaction of the obtained compound was yellow. λmax (in methanol) = 767 nm
Example 2
Production of Breast Cancer Carcinoma Model Mice Breast Cancer Carcinogenesis Model Mice Production Senescence Accelerated Mouse, a Carcinogenic Substance 7,12-Dimethylbenz [a] anthracene (DMBA) ) Was administered to produce a breast cancer model mouse. The method for carcinogenesis in mice was performed according to Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2003-33125. 20 SAMP6 / Ta mice were administered to DMBA at a dose of 0.5 mg / mouse / week for a total of 6 times. As feed, high protein and high calorie CA-1 solid (manufactured by Claire Japan) was given. After the sixth administration of the carcinogen, the period from the first administration up to the 20th week was defined as a drug holiday. Breast cancer and lung metastases of breast cancer were searched histopathologically. DMBA was administered 6 times at 1-week intervals, then the drug was withdrawn from the start of the subsequent administration until the 20th week, and mice with breast cancer (75% breast cancer incidence) were used.

蛍光造影試験
乳癌マウスの腫瘍組織断片(2mm×2mm角辺)をBALB/cヌードマウス(5週齢、クレアジャパン社)の左胸部の***部皮下に移植した。10日後、腫瘍が直径約5mmに成長した時点で上記マウスを試験に供した。蛍光励起光源としてチタンサファイアレーザーを使用した。照射の分散が2%以内になるようにリングタイプの光ガイド(住田光学グラス社)を用いて試験用マウスにレーザー光を均一に照射した。照射出力はマウスの皮膚表面付近で約36μW/cm2になるように調整した。蛍光は各化合物の最大励起波長で励起させ、マウスからの蛍光放射をCCDカメラ(C4880,浜松フォトニクス社)を用いて短波長カットフィルターを通して検出及び造影した。カットフィルターは化合物の励起波長(800nm〜900nm)に適合するように選択した。照射時間は各化合物の蛍光強度によって調整した。
Fluorescence imaging test A tumor tissue fragment (2 mm × 2 mm square) of a breast cancer mouse was transplanted subcutaneously into the breast of the left breast of a BALB / c nude mouse (5 weeks old, Claire Japan). Ten days later, when the tumor grew to a diameter of about 5 mm, the mouse was subjected to the test. A titanium sapphire laser was used as the fluorescence excitation light source. Using a ring-type light guide (Sumita Optical Glass Co., Ltd.), the test mice were uniformly irradiated with laser light so that the dispersion of irradiation was within 2%. The irradiation output was adjusted to be about 36 μW / cm 2 near the skin surface of the mouse. Fluorescence was excited at the maximum excitation wavelength of each compound, and fluorescence emission from the mouse was detected and imaged through a short wavelength cut filter using a CCD camera (C4880, Hamamatsu Photonics). The cut filter was selected to match the excitation wavelength of the compound (800 nm to 900 nm). The irradiation time was adjusted according to the fluorescence intensity of each compound.

各試験化合物を蒸留水に溶解し(0.5mg/ml)、マウスに乳管及び線葉から投与した。用量は各1mg/kgであった。化合物投与の12分後にマウスをジエチルエーテルで麻酔し、マウス全身の蛍光イメージを造影した。センサーは蛍光光度計(日本分光FP−6600)のフォトダイオード(波長範囲220〜1010nm)を使用した。条件を下記に、蛍光感度は比較を100とする相対感度で表した。造影剤の体外排出量は、造影剤投与後の化合物の体内量を100とし、13週間後の尿道からのカテーテルによる蓄積排出量を合算し、液体クロマトグラフ2010A(島津製作所社製)から体外排出量を算出し、初期濃度に対する排出率を求めた。結果を表1に示す。尚、比較用造影剤として特開2000−95758号で示される化合物を使用した。化合物の水溶性試験は、0.9%の生理的食塩水1mlに0.5mgを溶解し、36℃2週間静置放置し、析出、沈殿物を確認した。全くないレベルを◎、わずかヘイズがかかって見られるが、攪拌により消失してしますレベルを○、ヘイズがかかっているが、攪拌では消失しないレベルを△、析出してしまうレベルを×として評価した。   Each test compound was dissolved in distilled water (0.5 mg / ml) and administered to the mice via the milk ducts and filaments. The dose was 1 mg / kg each. Twelve minutes after compound administration, the mice were anesthetized with diethyl ether, and a fluorescent image of the whole mouse was imaged. As a sensor, a photodiode (wavelength range: 220 to 1010 nm) of a fluorometer (JASCO FP-6600) was used. The conditions are shown below, and the fluorescence sensitivity is expressed as a relative sensitivity with a comparison of 100. The amount of the contrast medium discharged from the body is defined as 100 after the contrast medium is administered, and the accumulated amount discharged from the urethra by the catheter 13 weeks later is added to the body and discharged from the liquid chromatograph 2010A (Shimadzu Corporation). The amount was calculated and the emission rate relative to the initial concentration was determined. The results are shown in Table 1. In addition, the compound shown by Unexamined-Japanese-Patent No. 2000-95758 was used as a contrast medium for a comparison. In the water solubility test of the compound, 0.5 mg was dissolved in 1 ml of 0.9% physiological saline and left standing at 36 ° C. for 2 weeks to confirm precipitation and precipitation. No level at all, ◎, slightly haze applied, but disappeared by stirring ○, level that haze is applied but does not disappear by stirring △, level that precipitates × did.

Figure 2005139126
Figure 2005139126

Figure 2005139126
Figure 2005139126

表1から、本発明の近赤外蛍光造影剤は励起光によって励起され蛍光を放射し、この赤外蛍光は生物組織の透過に優れている。従って、生体の病変の検出が可能となった。さらに、本発明の造影剤は水溶性及排出性が高い点で優れているため、安全に使用することができる。   From Table 1, the near-infrared fluorescent contrast agent of the present invention is excited by excitation light to emit fluorescence, and this infrared fluorescence is excellent in the transmission of biological tissue. Therefore, it is possible to detect a lesion in a living body. Furthermore, since the contrast agent of the present invention is excellent in terms of water solubility and high dischargeability, it can be used safely.

Claims (8)

分子中に少なくとも2個の酸基を有するチエノ〔2,3−b〕ピロール、チエノ〔3,4−b〕ピロール、フラノ〔2,3−b〕ピロール及びフラノ〔3,4−b〕ピロールを母核とするポリメチンシアニン染料を含む腫瘍又は癌のための蛍光造影剤。 Thieno [2,3-b] pyrrole, thieno [3,4-b] pyrrole, furano [2,3-b] pyrrole and furano [3,4-b] pyrrole having at least two acid groups in the molecule A fluorescent contrast agent for tumors or cancers containing a polymethine cyanine dye having as a nucleus. 上記ポリメチンシアニン染料が下記一般式(I)、(II)及び(III)から選ばれる少なくとも1種であることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の蛍光造影剤。
Figure 2005139126
(式中、R1,R2,R3,R4,R5及びR6は各々アルキル基を表し、R1及びR4で表されるアルキル基は置換されてもよい。Z1及びZ2は各々チエノピロール環及びフラノピロール環から選ばれる少なくとも1種を形成するに必要な非金属原子群を表す。Y1はピリジン環を形成するに必要な非金属原子群を表し、Lはメチン基を表し、X-はアニオンを表す。mは3又は4の整数を表し、nは1又は2の整数を表す。ただし、mが3の場合、R1及びR4は置換アルキル基が好ましく、又、染料が分子内塩を形成する時はnは1である。尚、R1〜R6、Z1、Z2、Y1のいずれかに酸基を有し、分子中の酸基の合計は少なくとも2個である。)
2. The fluorescent contrast agent according to claim 1, wherein the polymethine cyanine dye is at least one selected from the following general formulas (I), (II) and (III).
Figure 2005139126
(Wherein R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , R 5 and R 6 each represents an alkyl group, and the alkyl group represented by R 1 and R 4 may be substituted. Z 1 and Z 2 represents a nonmetallic atom group necessary for forming at least one selected from a thienopyrrole ring and a furanopyrrole ring, Y 1 represents a nonmetallic atom group necessary for forming a pyridine ring, and L represents a methine group. the stands, X -. the .m representing the anion is an integer of 3 or 4, n is an integer of 1 or 2 provided that when m is 3, R 1 and R 4 is preferably a substituted alkyl group, In addition, when the dye forms an inner salt, n is 1. In addition, any of R 1 to R 6 , Z 1 , Z 2 , Y 1 has an acid group, and the acid group in the molecule The total is at least two.)
一般式(I)、(II)及び(III)の酸基がスルホン酸基、カルボン酸基及び燐酸基から選択される基であることを特徴とする請求項1又は2に記載の蛍光造影剤。 The fluorescent contrast agent according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the acid group of the general formulas (I), (II) and (III) is a group selected from a sulfonic acid group, a carboxylic acid group and a phosphoric acid group. . 分子中の酸基がスルホン酸基又はカルボン酸基から選択される基を含み、酸基の合計が2以上であることを特徴とする請求項1〜3のいずれか1項に記載の蛍光造影剤。 The contrast enhancement according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the acid group in the molecule includes a group selected from a sulfonic acid group or a carboxylic acid group, and the total of the acid groups is 2 or more. Agent. 分子中の酸基の少なくとも2つがスルホン酸基であることを特徴とする請求項1〜4のいずれか1項に記載の蛍光造影剤。 The fluorescent contrast agent according to claim 1, wherein at least two of the acid groups in the molecule are sulfonic acid groups. 酸基の塩がナトリウム塩であることを特徴とする請求項1〜5のいずれか1項に記載の蛍光造影剤。 The fluorescent contrast agent according to claim 1, wherein the acid group salt is a sodium salt. 前記腫瘍又は癌が、脳、***部、胸部、前立腺、結腸、肺、肝臓、すい臓、胃、リンパ腫、子宮、子宮頸部、上下肢、肉腫及び黒腫でなるグループから選択されていることを特徴とする請求項1〜6のいずれか1項に記載の蛍光造影剤。 The tumor or cancer is selected from the group consisting of brain, breast, breast, prostate, colon, lung, liver, pancreas, stomach, lymphoma, uterus, cervix, upper and lower limbs, sarcoma and melanoma The fluorescent contrast agent according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein 請求項1〜7のいずれか1項に記載の蛍光造影剤を生体内に導入し、前記生体に励起光を照射し、該蛍光造影剤からの蛍光を検出することによる体外蛍光造影方法。 An extracorporeal fluorescence contrast method by introducing the fluorescent contrast agent according to any one of claims 1 to 7 into a living body, irradiating the living body with excitation light, and detecting fluorescence from the fluorescent contrast agent.
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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US11834551B2 (en) 2016-04-15 2023-12-05 Beckman Coulter, Inc. Photoactive macromolecules and uses thereof

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US11834551B2 (en) 2016-04-15 2023-12-05 Beckman Coulter, Inc. Photoactive macromolecules and uses thereof

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