JP2005134616A - Image forming apparatus - Google Patents

Image forming apparatus Download PDF

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JP2005134616A
JP2005134616A JP2003370234A JP2003370234A JP2005134616A JP 2005134616 A JP2005134616 A JP 2005134616A JP 2003370234 A JP2003370234 A JP 2003370234A JP 2003370234 A JP2003370234 A JP 2003370234A JP 2005134616 A JP2005134616 A JP 2005134616A
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developer
image
toner
forming apparatus
image forming
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JP4376032B2 (en
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Kazuyoshi Kondo
和芳 近藤
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Ricoh Co Ltd
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Ricoh Co Ltd
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Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide an image forming apparatus capable of preventing occurrence of image density deviation without using toner excessively regardlessly of a use condition, such as the output of an image with a wide image area, the consecutive output of a large number of sheets, or the output of an image with a high proportion of an image area, in a double screw system using two-component developer. <P>SOLUTION: In the image forming apparatus provided with a means for circulate-conveying two-component developer in a developer storage part 17 with a first conveying screw 12 and a second conveying screw 13 while stirring the two-component developer to be supplied to a developer carrier 11 and developing an electrostatic latent image on the image carrier 1 to be actualized as a toner image, the capaability to transfer the toner from the developer carrier 11 to the image carrier 1 is made more improved as in the direction where the first conveying screw 12 moves downstream from upstream in the direction where the developer is conveyed. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2005,JPO&NCIPI

Description

本発明は、複写機、ファクシミリ、プリンター等の画像形成装置に関するものである。詳しくは、キャリアとトナーとからなる2成分現像剤を用いた現像装置を採用する画像形成装置に関するものである。   The present invention relates to an image forming apparatus such as a copying machine, a facsimile, and a printer. More specifically, the present invention relates to an image forming apparatus that employs a developing device using a two-component developer composed of a carrier and toner.

従来、上記画像形成装置に採用される現像装置として、キャリアとトナーとからなる2成分現像剤(以下、「現像剤」という)を用いるものが広く用いられている。
この種の現像装置は、現像剤が収容されている現像剤貯留部を備えている。現像剤貯留部内には、現像剤を攪拌しながら現像剤担持体に供給するよう搬送する現像剤攪拌搬送部材としてのスクリュウが広く用いられている。なかでも、現像剤担持体近傍に配置される第一搬送スクリュウと、現像剤担持体より離間したトナー補給口近傍に配置される第二搬送スクリュウとを備え、2本のスクリュウにより現像剤を攪拌しながら循環搬送して現像剤担持体に供給するダブルスクリュウ方式(例えば、特許文献1、特許文献2)は、撹拌性に優れている。
2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, as developing devices employed in the image forming apparatus, those using a two-component developer (hereinafter referred to as “developer”) composed of a carrier and a toner are widely used.
This type of developing device includes a developer storage section in which a developer is accommodated. In the developer storage section, a screw as a developer agitating and conveying member that conveys the developer so as to be supplied to the developer carrier while being agitated is widely used. In particular, a first conveying screw disposed in the vicinity of the developer carrier and a second conveying screw disposed in the vicinity of the toner replenishing port spaced from the developer carrier are provided, and the developer is agitated by two screws. However, the double screw system (for example, Patent Document 1 and Patent Document 2) that circulates and supplies the developer to the developer carrying member is excellent in agitation.

なお、後述する課題を解決する手段で限定する像担持体の膜厚に関する技術と関連するものとして特許文献3が知られている。これについては、後述する。
特開2001−255723号公報 特開2002−40795号公報 特開2002−341577号公報
Note that Patent Document 3 is known as a technique related to a technique related to the film thickness of an image carrier that is limited by means for solving the problems described later. This will be described later.
JP 2001-255723 A JP 2002-40795 A Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2002-341577

このようなダブルスクリュウ方式は、前述した通り優れた方式であるが、画像濃度偏差が生じやすいという問題がある。
ダブルスクリュ方式においては、現像剤貯留部内に設けられた第二搬送スクリュウにおいて循環された現像剤に、必要に応じてトナー補給手段によりトナーが補給され、第一搬送スクリュウに向かって攪拌搬送される。そして、第一搬送スクリュウから現像剤担持体に、現像剤が担持され、像担持体と対向する領域に搬送されて現像に供される。その後、現像に用いられなかった未消費トナーとキャリアが現像剤担持体上から再び、第一搬送スクリュウに戻され、さらに、消費量に応じてトナーが第二搬送スクリュウに補給されて分散攪拌されることになる。このようなサイクルを繰り返すことにより、現像剤が感光体に供給される。
Such a double screw system is an excellent system as described above, but has a problem that an image density deviation is likely to occur.
In the double screw system, the developer circulated in the second conveying screw provided in the developer reservoir is replenished with toner by toner replenishing means as necessary, and stirred and conveyed toward the first conveying screw. . Then, the developer is carried on the developer carrying member from the first carrying screw, and is carried to a region facing the image carrying member for development. Thereafter, unconsumed toner and carrier that have not been used for development are returned from the developer carrier to the first conveying screw, and toner is replenished to the second conveying screw according to the amount of consumption and dispersed and stirred. Will be. By repeating such a cycle, the developer is supplied to the photoreceptor.

本来は、像担持体に対向する現像剤担持体表面上のいずれの箇所においてもトナー濃度及び帯電量が同一レベルにあることが理想的である。
しかし、現像剤担持体上のトナー濃度は、第一搬送スクリュウの現像剤搬送方向上流側から下流側へ向かう方向に低下する傾向がある。これは、以下の理由による。第一搬送スクリュウの現像剤搬送方向上流側は、第二搬送スクリュウから十分量のトナー濃度の現像剤が循環搬送される。一方、第一搬送スクリュウの現像剤搬送方向下流側へ向かうにつれて、消費されたトナー分の補給が追いつかず十分量のトナー濃度にならない場合が生じ得る。第一搬送スクリュウの現像剤搬送方向下流へ向かうにつれてスクリュウ上のトナー濃度が低下した場合、現像剤担持体に担持されるトナー濃度も現像剤担持体の長手方向に偏差が発生する。その結果、出力される画像上に濃度偏差が生じてしまう。
とりわけ、画像面積が広い画像(A2サイズ以上)を出力する場合や、多数枚連続で出力する場合、大量にトナー消費する画像を形成する場合には、問題となる。
また、第一搬送スクリュウの搬送経路が長い場合(例えば、A2サイズ以上の用紙に画像形成可能な装置の場合)、第一搬送スクリュウ下流側へ向かうにつれて、現像剤の帯電量が上昇する傾向がある。これは、第一搬送スクリュウの現像剤搬送方向上流側に比して、下流側では現像剤の攪拌時間が長くなためである。
Originally, it is ideal that the toner density and the charge amount are at the same level at any location on the surface of the developer bearing member facing the image bearing member.
However, the toner concentration on the developer carrier tends to decrease in the direction from the upstream side to the downstream side in the developer transport direction of the first transport screw. This is due to the following reason. On the upstream side of the first conveying screw in the developer conveying direction, a developer having a sufficient toner density is circulated and conveyed from the second conveying screw. On the other hand, as the first conveying screw moves toward the downstream side in the developer conveying direction, there may be a case where the replenishment of consumed toner cannot catch up and the toner density does not become a sufficient amount. When the toner concentration on the screw decreases as it goes downstream in the developer conveying direction of the first conveying screw, the toner concentration carried on the developer carrying member also varies in the longitudinal direction of the developer carrying member. As a result, a density deviation occurs on the output image.
In particular, when outputting an image with a large image area (A2 size or larger), when outputting a large number of images continuously, or when forming an image that consumes a large amount of toner, this becomes a problem.
Further, when the transport path of the first transport screw is long (for example, in the case of an apparatus capable of forming an image on A2 size paper or larger), the developer charge amount tends to increase toward the downstream side of the first transport screw. is there. This is because the developer agitation time is longer on the downstream side than the upstream side of the first conveyance screw in the developer conveyance direction.

上記特許文献1では、第一搬送スクリュウの螺旋状羽根の条数が、第二搬送スクリュウの螺旋状羽根の条数より多く、かつ、第一搬送スクリュウの現像剤搬送方向下流部において現像剤搬送速度が下流端に向けて徐々に小さくなるような構成を提案している。この提案により、現像剤搬送方向下流端部での現像剤滞留を低減し、端部画像濃度低下を防止している。しかしながら、この現像装置では、スクリュウの形状が複雑になってしまう。また、現像剤搬送方向上流から下流に向かう方向と同一方向に、画像濃度偏差が起きるという問題については触れられていない。   In Patent Document 1, the number of spiral blades of the first transport screw is greater than the number of spiral blades of the second transport screw, and the developer transport is performed in the developer transport downstream direction of the first transport screw. A configuration is proposed in which the speed gradually decreases toward the downstream end. This proposal reduces the developer retention at the downstream end in the developer transport direction and prevents the end image density from being lowered. However, in this developing device, the screw shape becomes complicated. Further, there is no mention of the problem that the image density deviation occurs in the same direction as the direction from the upstream to the downstream of the developer conveyance direction.

また、上記特許文献2では、第二搬送スクリュウの現像剤搬送方向に対して上流部と下流部にトナー補給手段をそれぞれ設けるように構成した現像装置が提案されている。トナー補給能力を十分に持たせることにより、現像剤のトナー濃度のバラツキを解消することができるとしている。しかし、トナー補給装置の構成、制御が複雑になり、また装置が大型化してしまうので好ましくない。   In Patent Document 2, a developing device is proposed in which toner replenishing means is provided in the upstream portion and the downstream portion with respect to the developer conveying direction of the second conveying screw. It is said that variation in the toner density of the developer can be eliminated by providing sufficient toner replenishment capability. However, the configuration and control of the toner replenishing device are complicated, and the size of the device is increased, which is not preferable.

本件発明は、上記背景に鑑みなされたものであり、その目的は、2成分現像剤を用いたダブルスクリュウ方式において、画像面積の広い画像出力や多数枚連続出力、画像面積比率の高い画像出力かどうかといった使用状況によらず、トナーを過剰に用いることなく画像濃度偏差の発生を防止できる画像形成装置を提供することである。   The present invention has been made in view of the above background, and the object of the present invention is to output an image with a wide image area, a continuous output of a large number of images, or an image output with a high image area ratio in a double screw system using a two-component developer. It is an object of the present invention to provide an image forming apparatus capable of preventing the occurrence of an image density deviation without excessive use of toner regardless of the usage situation.

上記目的を達成するために、請求項1の発明は、基体上に感光層を有し、静電潜像を形成する像担持体と、該像担持体と対向してトナーとキャリアとからなる二成分現像剤を担持する現像剤担持体と、該二成分現像剤を貯留する現像剤貯留部と、該現像剤貯留部内の該現像剤担持体近傍に配置される第一搬送スクリュウと、該現像剤担持体より離間した位置に配置される第二搬送スクリュウとを有し、該第一搬送スクリュウと該第二搬送スクリュウとにより該現像剤貯留部の二成分現像剤を攪拌しながら循環搬送して該現像剤担持体に供給し、該像担持体上の該静電潜像を現像してトナー像として顕像化する手段を備える現像装置とを有した画像形成装置において、上記第一搬送スクリュウの現像剤搬送方向上流から下流へ向かう方向と同一方向に向かうにつれて、上記現像剤担持体から上記像担持体へのトナー移転能力が向上するように構成したことを特徴とするものである。
また、請求項2の発明は、請求項1の画像形成装置において、上記第一搬送スクリュウの現像剤搬送方向上流から下流へ向かう方向と同一方向に向かうにつれて、上記感光層の表面と上記現像剤担持体の表面との間隙が小さくなるように構成したことを特徴とするものである。
また、請求項3の発明は、請求項2の画像形成装置において、上記第一搬送スクリュウの現像剤搬送方向上流から下流へ向かう方向と同一方向に向かうにつれて、上記感光層の表面と上記現像剤担持体の表面との間隙が小さくなるように、上記像担持体、又は上記現像剤担持体の軸心に偏差を設けたことを特徴とするものである。
また、請求項4の発明は、請求項2の画像形成装置において、上記第一搬送スクリュウの現像剤搬送方向上流から下流へ向かう方向と同一方向に向かうにつれて、上記感光層の表面と上記現像剤担持体の表面との間隙が小さくなるように、上記像担持体、又は該現像剤担持体の外径に偏差を持たせたことを特徴とするものである。
また、請求項5の発明は、請求項1の画像形成装置において、上記像担持体上の上記静電潜像を現像してトナー像として顕像化する手段として反転現像方式を採用し、上記第一搬送スクリュウの現像剤搬送方向上流から下流へ向かう方向と同一方向に向かうにつれて、上記感光層の膜厚が厚くなるように構成したことを特徴とするものである。
また、請求項6の発明は、請求項1の画像形成装置において、上記第一搬送スクリュウの現像剤搬送方向上流から下流へ向かう方向と同一方向に向かうにつれて、上記像担持体上の帯電電位が反転現像方式の場合には小さくなるように、正規現像方式の場合には大きくなるように構成したことを特徴とするものである。
また、請求項7の発明は、請求項1の画像形成装置において、上記像担持体上の上記静電潜像を現像してトナー像として顕像化する手段として反転現像方式を採用し、上記第一搬送スクリュウの現像剤搬送方向上流から下流へ向かう方向と同一方向に向かうにつれて、該像担持体上に照射する露光量が強くなるように構成したことを特徴とするものである。
また、請求項8の発明は、請求項1の画像形成装置において、上記第一搬送スクリュウの現像剤搬送方向上流から下流へ向かう方向と同一方向に向かうにつれて、上記像担持体上と上記現像剤担持体とが対向する現像領域に搬送される現像剤量が多くなるように構成したことを特徴とするものである。
In order to achieve the above object, the invention of claim 1 comprises an image carrier having a photosensitive layer on a substrate and forming an electrostatic latent image, and a toner and a carrier facing the image carrier. A developer carrier for carrying a two-component developer, a developer reservoir for storing the two-component developer, a first conveying screw disposed near the developer carrier in the developer reservoir, and A second conveying screw disposed at a position spaced apart from the developer carrying member, and the two-component developer in the developer reservoir is stirred and circulated by the first conveying screw and the second conveying screw. In the image forming apparatus, the image forming apparatus further includes a developing device that is supplied to the developer carrying member and develops the electrostatic latent image on the image carrying member to visualize the image as a toner image. Same as the direction from upstream to downstream of developer transport direction of transport screw Toward the direction and is characterized by being configured to enhance toner transfer capability to said image bearing member from the developer carrying member.
According to a second aspect of the present invention, in the image forming apparatus of the first aspect, the surface of the photosensitive layer and the developer are moved in the same direction as the direction from the upstream to the downstream of the developer conveying direction of the first conveying screw. It is characterized in that the gap with the surface of the carrier is reduced.
According to a third aspect of the present invention, in the image forming apparatus of the second aspect, the surface of the photosensitive layer and the developer are moved in the same direction as the direction from the upstream to the downstream of the developer conveying direction of the first conveying screw. A deviation is provided in the axial center of the image carrier or the developer carrier so that the gap with the surface of the carrier is small.
According to a fourth aspect of the present invention, in the image forming apparatus of the second aspect, the surface of the photosensitive layer and the developer are moved in the same direction as the direction from the upstream to the downstream of the developer conveying direction of the first conveying screw. The outer diameter of the image carrier or the developer carrier is provided with a deviation so that the gap with the surface of the carrier is small.
The image forming apparatus according to claim 5 employs a reversal developing method as means for developing the electrostatic latent image on the image carrier and developing it into a toner image in the image forming apparatus according to claim 1. The photosensitive layer is configured such that the film thickness of the photosensitive layer increases in the same direction as the direction from the upstream to the downstream of the developer conveying direction of the first conveying screw.
According to a sixth aspect of the present invention, in the image forming apparatus of the first aspect, the charged potential on the image carrier increases in the same direction as the direction from the upstream to the downstream of the developer conveying direction of the first conveying screw. It is characterized in that it is configured to be small in the case of the reversal development method and large in the case of the regular development method.
The image forming apparatus according to claim 7 employs a reversal developing method as a means for developing the electrostatic latent image on the image carrier and developing it into a toner image. The exposure amount irradiated onto the image carrier increases in the same direction as the direction from the upstream to the downstream of the developer conveying direction of the first conveying screw.
Further, the invention according to claim 8 is the image forming apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the first conveying screw moves on the image carrier and the developer in the same direction as the direction from upstream to downstream in the developer conveying direction. The present invention is characterized in that the amount of the developer conveyed to the developing area facing the carrier is increased.

これらの発明においては、第一搬送スクリュウの現像剤搬送方向上流から下流へ向かう方向と同一方向に向かうにつれて、現像剤担持体から像担持体へのトナー移転能力が向上するように構成している。かかる構成により、第一搬送スクリュウの現像剤搬送方向の上流側から下流側へ向けて、トナー濃度低下や帯電量上昇といった現象が発生しても、過剰なトナーを用いることなくこれを相殺して濃度偏差を発生させないために必要なトナーを像担持体上に移転させることができる。   In these inventions, the toner transfer capability from the developer carrying member to the image carrying member is improved in the same direction as the direction from the upstream to the downstream of the developer carrying direction of the first carrying screw. . With this configuration, even if a phenomenon such as a decrease in toner concentration or an increase in charge amount occurs from the upstream side to the downstream side in the developer conveyance direction of the first conveyance screw, the phenomenon is offset without using excessive toner. It is possible to transfer the toner necessary for preventing the density deviation from occurring on the image carrier.

これらの発明によれば、2成分現像剤を用いたダブルスクリュウ方式において、画像面積の広い画像出力や多数枚連続出力、画像面積比率の高い画像出力かどうかといった使用状況によらず、トナーを過剰に用いることなく画像濃度偏差の発生を防止できるという優れた効果がある。   According to these inventions, in a double screw system using a two-component developer, excessive toner is used regardless of the use situation such as image output with a wide image area, continuous output of a large number of sheets, or image output with a high image area ratio. There is an excellent effect that the occurrence of an image density deviation can be prevented without being used for the above.

以下、本発明を画像形成装置である電子写真複写機(以下、複写機という)について適用した実施形態の一例について説明する。
図1は複写機の構成を示す概略構成図である。同図において、像担持体たるドラム上の感光体1の周囲には、帯電装置2、露光装置3、現像装置4、転写装置5、クリーニング装置6、除電装置7などから構成された可視像形成手段が配設されている。
Hereinafter, an example of an embodiment in which the present invention is applied to an electrophotographic copying machine (hereinafter referred to as a copying machine) which is an image forming apparatus will be described.
FIG. 1 is a schematic configuration diagram showing the configuration of a copying machine. In the figure, a visible image composed of a charging device 2, an exposure device 3, a developing device 4, a transfer device 5, a cleaning device 6, a static eliminating device 7 and the like is disposed around a photosensitive member 1 on a drum as an image carrier. Forming means are provided.

このような構成の複写機において、感光体1は、図示しないモータ等の駆動手段により、一定速度で図中時計回りに回転駆動される。そして、その表面が帯電装置2により暗中にて一様に帯電せしめられた後に、露光装置3により画像情報に基づいた光走査がなされる。この光走査により、感光体1の表面に静電潜像が形成される。この静電潜像は、後述する現像装置4内に設けられた現像剤担持体たる現像ローラ11と感光体1とが当接する現像ニップAを通過する際に、図示しないトナーが付着せしめられてトナー像に現像される。
一方、転写材たる転写紙51は、図示しない給紙装置により所定のタイミングで給紙され、一対の転写材ガイド部材53により感光体1と密着するように搬送される。そして、現像によって感光体1上に形成されたトナー像が、転写装置5によって転写紙51上に転写される。トナー像が転写された転写紙51は、図示しない分離チャージャにより分離され、図示しない定着装置に送られる。そして、熱と圧力によってトナーが融着され、コピー紙として機外に排出される。一方、転写後の感光体1上に残った転写残トナーは、クリーニング装置6によって掻き落とされる。そして、クリーニング後の感光体1は、除電装置7により残留電荷除去され、帯電装置2による次の帯電に備えられる。
In the copying machine having such a configuration, the photosensitive member 1 is driven to rotate clockwise in the drawing at a constant speed by driving means such as a motor (not shown). Then, after the surface is uniformly charged by the charging device 2 in the dark, the exposure device 3 performs optical scanning based on the image information. By this optical scanning, an electrostatic latent image is formed on the surface of the photoreceptor 1. When the electrostatic latent image passes through a developing nip A where a developing roller 11 serving as a developer carrying member provided in a developing device 4 (described later) and the photosensitive member 1 are in contact with each other, toner (not shown) is attached. The toner image is developed.
On the other hand, the transfer sheet 51 as a transfer material is fed at a predetermined timing by a sheet feeding device (not shown), and is conveyed so as to be in close contact with the photoreceptor 1 by a pair of transfer material guide members 53. Then, the toner image formed on the photoreceptor 1 by development is transferred onto the transfer paper 51 by the transfer device 5. The transfer paper 51 onto which the toner image has been transferred is separated by a separation charger (not shown) and sent to a fixing device (not shown). Then, the toner is fused by heat and pressure, and is discharged out of the apparatus as copy paper. On the other hand, the untransferred toner remaining on the photoreceptor 1 after the transfer is scraped off by the cleaning device 6. Then, the cleaned photoreceptor 1 is subjected to residual charge removal by the charge eliminating device 7 and prepared for the next charging by the charging device 2.

図2は、トナー補給装置20の構成を示す斜視図である。図3は、トナーボトルの開口部に係合する押し出し部の構成を示す斜視図である。トナー補給装置20は、図2に示すように、本体側板22に固定された駆動モータ23、本体側板22から矢印G方向に引き出し可能な支持台24、支持台24から脱着可能なトナーボトル21を備える。さらに、駆動モータ23に取り付けられ矢印E方向に伸縮可能なスプリング25と矢印F方向に回転可能な回転軸26とからなるジョイント部27、支持台24の先端に固定されたトナー搬送路としてのホッパ部28を備える。装着時のトナーボトル21は、開口部21b側の端部がホッパ部28内で回転可能に支持され、伸縮可能なジョイント部27によってホッパ部28に向けて押し付けられた状態である。そして、トナーボトル21は、駆動モータ23の駆動によりジョイント部27と連れ回って矢印F方向に回転する。   FIG. 2 is a perspective view showing the configuration of the toner supply device 20. FIG. 3 is a perspective view showing the configuration of the push-out portion that engages with the opening of the toner bottle. As shown in FIG. 2, the toner replenishing device 20 includes a drive motor 23 fixed to the main body side plate 22, a support base 24 that can be pulled out from the main body side plate 22 in the direction of arrow G, and a toner bottle 21 that can be detached from the support base 24. Prepare. Further, a joint portion 27 which is attached to the drive motor 23 and includes a spring 25 which can expand and contract in the direction of arrow E and a rotary shaft 26 which can rotate in the direction of arrow F, and a hopper as a toner conveyance path fixed to the tip of the support base 24. The unit 28 is provided. When the toner bottle 21 is mounted, the end on the opening 21b side is rotatably supported in the hopper portion 28 and is pressed against the hopper portion 28 by the extendable joint portion 27. Then, the toner bottle 21 rotates in the direction of arrow F along with the joint portion 27 by driving of the drive motor 23.

トナーボトル21は、その内壁面に容器内部に突出するスクリュー状の突起21aが形成され、トナーボトル21が矢印F方向に回転駆動されると内部に収容されているトナーが開口部21b側に向かって搬送されるようになっている。また、このトナーボトル21の開口部21bには、トナーボトル21の回転と共に回転して、トナーボトル21から排出されるトナーをホッパ部28側に搬送する押し出し部30が係合している。押し出し部30には、図3に示すように、トナー押し出し部材31が押し出し部の回転軸26上に等間隔に4枚取り付けられ、自由端がホッパ部28の内壁面に弾性変形した状態で摺接するように形成されている。   The toner bottle 21 has a screw-like protrusion 21a that protrudes into the container on the inner wall surface. When the toner bottle 21 is driven to rotate in the direction of arrow F, the toner accommodated in the toner bottle 21 moves toward the opening 21b. It is designed to be transported. Also, the opening portion 21 b of the toner bottle 21 is engaged with an extrusion portion 30 that rotates with the rotation of the toner bottle 21 and conveys the toner discharged from the toner bottle 21 to the hopper portion 28 side. As shown in FIG. 3, four toner extruding members 31 are attached to the extruding portion 30 on the rotating shaft 26 of the extruding portion at equal intervals. It is formed to touch.

上記構成のトナー補給装置20は、必要に応じて駆動モータ23によりトナーボトル21が回転すると、トナーボトル21内のトナーが開口部21bから図1中矢印H方向に落下してホッパ部28内に排出される。ホッパ部28内に排出されたトナーは、トナーボトル21と共に回転する押し出し部材31により、矢印F方向にすくい上げられ、ホッパ部28に設けられた補給口33を通過するように、矢印J方向に押し出される。ホッパ部28から押し出されたトナーは、ホッパ部28に連結された現像装置4内に補給される。   In the toner replenishing device 20 configured as described above, when the toner bottle 21 is rotated by the drive motor 23 as necessary, the toner in the toner bottle 21 falls from the opening 21b in the direction of arrow H in FIG. Discharged. The toner discharged into the hopper 28 is scooped up in the direction of the arrow F by the pushing member 31 that rotates together with the toner bottle 21 and pushed out in the direction of the arrow J so as to pass through the supply port 33 provided in the hopper 28. It is. The toner pushed out from the hopper unit 28 is supplied into the developing device 4 connected to the hopper unit 28.

本実施形態に係る複写機においては、現像装置内の現像剤のトナー濃度を検出するためのトナー濃度検出装置と、感光体上のトナー付着量を検出するトナー付着量検出装置と、原稿の画素数を記憶する画素数読取装置とが備えられている。そして、これらの値に基づいて、適正な画像濃度となるようトナー補給装置20からトナーが現像装置内へ補給される。   In the copying machine according to the present embodiment, a toner concentration detection device for detecting the toner concentration of the developer in the developing device, a toner adhesion amount detection device for detecting the toner adhesion amount on the photosensitive member, and a pixel of the document And a pixel number reading device for storing the number. Based on these values, toner is replenished from the toner replenishing device 20 into the developing device so as to obtain an appropriate image density.

図4は、本実施形態の現像装置4の構成を示す概略構成図である。この現像装置には、キャリアとトナーとからなる二成分現像剤が収容されている。同図に示すように、そのケーシングの開口から一部露出されるように配設された現像ローラ11を有している。また、二成分現像剤が収容されている現像剤貯留部17と、この現像剤貯留部17内に設けられている第一搬送スクリュウ12、第二搬送スクリュウ12、現像剤規制部材たるドクタブレード15などを有している。   FIG. 4 is a schematic configuration diagram showing the configuration of the developing device 4 of the present embodiment. The developing device contains a two-component developer composed of a carrier and toner. As shown in the figure, the developing roller 11 is disposed so as to be partially exposed from the opening of the casing. In addition, a developer storage unit 17 in which a two-component developer is stored, a first transport screw 12 and a second transport screw 12 provided in the developer storage unit 17, and a doctor blade 15 as a developer regulating member. Etc.

現像ローラ11は、中空円筒状に形成されたアルミニウム等の非磁性体よりなり、現像ローラ表面上の所定の位置に磁極を形成するための複数のマグネットがその内部に配設されている。これらのマグネットは、現像剤を現像スリーブ上に担持するための現像剤汲み上げ磁極、現像剤を現像領域に搬送する現像剤搬送磁極、現像剤を現像スリーブ上から離脱するための現像剤離脱用磁極などから構成される。   The developing roller 11 is made of a non-magnetic material such as aluminum formed in a hollow cylindrical shape, and a plurality of magnets for forming magnetic poles at predetermined positions on the surface of the developing roller are disposed therein. These magnets include a developer pumping magnetic pole for carrying the developer on the developing sleeve, a developer conveying magnetic pole for conveying the developer to the developing area, and a developer detaching magnetic pole for removing the developer from the developing sleeve. Etc.

第一搬送スクリュウ12は、図5に示すように現像ローラ11近傍に配置され、第二搬送スクリュウ13は、後述するトナー補給装置20近傍に配置されて、互いに平行配設され、図中矢印で示されるように、図示しない駆動手段によって互いに逆方向に回転駆動せしめられる。現像装置4が現像動作に入ると、この2つのスクリュウがこのように互いに逆回転し、現像剤貯留部内の現像剤を循環搬送する。このとき、現像剤中のトナーは、磁性キャリアとの攪拌により静電潜像に付着するような極性に摩擦帯電される。   As shown in FIG. 5, the first transport screw 12 is disposed in the vicinity of the developing roller 11, and the second transport screw 13 is disposed in the vicinity of a toner replenishing device 20 to be described later. As shown in the figure, they are rotated in opposite directions by driving means (not shown). When the developing device 4 enters the developing operation, the two screws rotate in the reverse direction to each other, and circulate and convey the developer in the developer reservoir. At this time, the toner in the developer is frictionally charged to such a polarity as to adhere to the electrostatic latent image by stirring with the magnetic carrier.

第一搬送スクリュウ12に搬送された現像剤は、現像ローラ11内に設けられたマグネットの磁力により、現像ローラ11上に担持され、現像ローラにつれまわって搬送される。そして、ドクタブレード15で層厚を規制され、ドクタブレード15を通過した現像剤は、感光体1と対向する現像領域まで搬送されて現像に供されることになる。なお、ドクタブレード15を通過できなかった余剰の現像剤は、図4中矢印C方向に還流することになる。   The developer conveyed to the first conveying screw 12 is carried on the developing roller 11 by the magnetic force of a magnet provided in the developing roller 11 and is conveyed along with the developing roller. Then, the layer thickness is regulated by the doctor blade 15, and the developer that has passed through the doctor blade 15 is transported to the development area facing the photoreceptor 1 and is used for development. The excess developer that could not pass through the doctor blade 15 flows back in the direction of arrow C in FIG.

現像領域Aで現像に供されなかったキャリアと未消費トナーとは、現像領域Aを通過後、現像剤を離脱させるための磁界を形成するための磁極が配設されている領域(図中Dで示される領域)で現像ローラから分離されて、第一搬送スクリュウ12に戻される。そして、循環搬送されている現像剤中へ分散されて、再び現像ローラに汲み上げられて現像に供されることになる。このようなサイクルを繰り返すことにより、トナー像が形成されるわけである。   The carrier and the unconsumed toner that have not been developed in the development area A are areas in which magnetic poles for forming a magnetic field for releasing the developer after passing through the development area A are arranged (D in the figure). Is separated from the developing roller and returned to the first conveying screw 12. Then, the toner is dispersed in the developer being circulated and is again drawn up by the developing roller and used for development. By repeating such a cycle, a toner image is formed.

図6は、第一搬送スクリュウ12の現像剤搬送方向上流から下流へ向かう方向に向けて、現像ローラ11上のトナー濃度をプロットしたものである。トナー濃度は、画像形成後に装置を停止させ、現像ローラ上に付着している単位面積あたりのトナー量を測定することにより求めた。同図より、第一搬送スクリュウ12の現像剤搬送方向上流部と対向する現像ローラ領域(以下、単に「現像ローラ上流部」という)から第一搬送スクリュウ12の現像剤搬送方向下流部と対向する現像ローラ領域(以下、単に「現像ローラ下流部」という)に向かうにつれて、現像ローラ上のトナー濃度が低下することがわかる。
これは、第一搬送スクリュウ12の現像剤搬送方向上流側においては、トナー濃度が十分に高いが、下流側へ向かうにつれて、現像に供されたトナー分の補填が追いつかず、第一搬送スクリュウの現像剤中のトナー濃度が低下するためである。
現像ローラ下流部に向かうにつれてトナー濃度が低下する結果、感光体に供給されるトナー量に偏差が現れ、画像濃度差が発生することになる。このような現象は、特にA2サイズ以上の大きな画像や、連続出力する場合、画像比の高い画像を出力する場合に問題となる。
FIG. 6 plots the toner density on the developing roller 11 in the direction from the upstream to the downstream of the developer conveying direction of the first conveying screw 12. The toner density was determined by stopping the apparatus after image formation and measuring the amount of toner per unit area adhering to the developing roller. From the same figure, the developing roller region facing the upstream portion of the first conveying screw 12 in the developer conveying direction (hereinafter simply referred to as “developing roller upstream portion”) faces the downstream portion of the first conveying screw 12 in the developer conveying direction. It can be seen that the toner density on the developing roller decreases toward the developing roller region (hereinafter simply referred to as “developing roller downstream portion”).
This is because the toner concentration is sufficiently high on the upstream side of the first conveying screw 12 in the developer conveying direction, but as the toner moves toward the downstream side, the amount of toner used for development cannot be compensated, and the first conveying screw 12 This is because the toner concentration in the developer is lowered.
As a result of the toner density decreasing toward the downstream portion of the developing roller, a deviation appears in the amount of toner supplied to the photoreceptor, resulting in an image density difference. Such a phenomenon becomes a problem particularly when a large image of A2 size or larger, a continuous output, or an image with a high image ratio is output.

図7は、現像ローラ上流部から下流部へ向けて、現像ローラ11上のトナー帯電量をプロットしたものである。トナー帯電量は、画像形成後に複写機を停止させ、現像ローラ上に付着している単位面積あたりの帯電量を測定することにより求めた。同図より、現像ローラ下流部に向かうにつれて、現像剤の帯電量が上昇することがわかる。これは、スクリュウの現像剤搬送方向下流部へ向かうにつれて攪拌時間が長くなるためである。帯電量が上昇した場合、トナーとキャリアの結合力が強くなる。このため、現像電界が同じ場合には、帯電量の上昇に伴って現像ローラから感光体へのトナー移転能力が低下する。その結果、画像濃度偏差が発生することになるのである。このような現象は、特にスクリュウの搬送経路の長いA2サイズ以上の大きな画像を出力するときに問題となる。   FIG. 7 is a plot of the toner charge amount on the developing roller 11 from the upstream portion to the downstream portion of the developing roller. The toner charge amount was obtained by stopping the copying machine after image formation and measuring the charge amount per unit area adhering to the developing roller. From the figure, it can be seen that the charge amount of the developer increases toward the downstream portion of the developing roller. This is because the stirring time becomes longer toward the downstream portion of the screw in the developer conveyance direction. When the charge amount increases, the binding force between the toner and the carrier becomes strong. For this reason, when the developing electric field is the same, the toner transfer capability from the developing roller to the photosensitive member decreases as the charge amount increases. As a result, an image density deviation occurs. Such a phenomenon becomes a problem particularly when outputting a large image of A2 size or longer with a long screw conveyance path.

図8は、A2サイズの用紙に転写される領域の感光体上のトナー付着量を、転写紙が転写される方向に対してプロットしたものである。トナー付着量は、転写材に転写する前に複写機を停止させ、感光体上に付着している単位面積あたりのトナー量を測定することにより求めた。測定は、現像ローラ上流部と対向する感光体領域(以下、単に「感光体上流部」という)と、現像ローラ下流部と対向する感光体領域(以下、単に「感光体下流部」という)について行った。同図より、感光体上流部では、転写方向先端部(A2用紙に最初に転写される部分)と転写方向後端部(A2用紙に最後に転写される部分)とにおける感光体表面上のトナー付着量に差異がないことがわかる。これは、感光体上流部においては、第二搬送スクリュウから十分なトナー濃度を有する現像剤が供給されるからである。
一方、感光体下流部では、転写方向が転写方向後端部へ向かうにつれて、徐々にトナー付着量が減少していくことがわかる。これは、特にベタ画像を出力した場合や、A2サイズ以上の大きな画像を形成した場合などにおいて、消費されたトナー分のトナー補給が間に合わず、トナー濃度が低い現像剤が感光体に供給されたためである。
次に、転写方向先端部における感光体上流部と感光体下流部のトナー付着量を比較する。同図に示すように、感光体上流部と感光体下流部とではトナー付着量がほぼ同程度であることがわかる。これは、動作初期では、第一搬送スクリュウの現像剤搬送方向に対して、トナー濃度が均一となっているためである。
以上のようなトナー付着量の結果が、画像形成にどのような影響を及ぼすかについて以下に述べる。
FIG. 8 is a plot of the toner adhesion amount on the photoconductor in the area transferred to the A2 size paper with respect to the direction in which the transfer paper is transferred. The toner adhesion amount was determined by stopping the copying machine before transferring to the transfer material and measuring the toner amount per unit area adhering to the photoreceptor. The measurement is performed on a photosensitive region facing the upstream portion of the developing roller (hereinafter simply referred to as “photosensitive member upstream portion”) and a photosensitive region facing the developing roller downstream portion (hereinafter simply referred to as “photosensitive member downstream portion”). went. From the figure, at the upstream portion of the photoconductor, the toner on the surface of the photoconductor at the front end portion in the transfer direction (the portion that is transferred first to the A2 paper) and the rear end portion in the transfer direction (the portion that is transferred last to the A2 paper). It can be seen that there is no difference in the amount of adhesion. This is because the developer having a sufficient toner concentration is supplied from the second conveying screw in the upstream portion of the photoreceptor.
On the other hand, at the downstream portion of the photoconductor, it can be seen that the toner adhesion amount gradually decreases as the transfer direction moves toward the rear end portion in the transfer direction. This is because, especially when a solid image is output or when a large image of A2 size or larger is formed, the toner supply for the consumed toner is not in time, and a developer having a low toner concentration is supplied to the photoreceptor. It is.
Next, the toner adhesion amounts at the upstream portion of the photosensitive member and the downstream portion of the photosensitive member at the transfer direction front end portion are compared. As shown in the figure, it can be seen that the toner adhesion amount is approximately the same between the upstream portion of the photoconductor and the downstream portion of the photoconductor. This is because in the initial stage of operation, the toner density is uniform with respect to the developer transport direction of the first transport screw.
The influence of the toner adhesion amount result on image formation will be described below.

図9は、感光体上のトナー付着量に対する転写紙上の画像濃度をプロットした結果を示している。画像濃度は、転写紙に画像を形成した後、その画像の濃度を測定することにより求めた。同図より、現像ローラ上のトナー付着量が図中Lのラインよりも多くなれば、感光体上のトナー付着量に変動があっても転写紙上の画像濃度はほぼ同一となることがわかる。一方、図中Lのラインよりも感光体上のトナー付着量が少なければ、トナー付着量の差に起因して、転写紙上に画像濃度差が生じることがわかる。
ここで、表1に示すように用紙の転写方向先端部に印字される感光体上流部の感光体上のトナー付着量をa1、同先端部における感光体下流部のトナー付着量をa2とする。また、転写方向後端部に印字される感光体上流部のトナー付着量をb1、同後端部における感光体下流部のトナー付着量をb2とする。

Figure 2005134616
図8の結果と同様に、転写方向先端部の感光体上流部のトナー付着量a1、同先端部の感光体下流部のトナー付着量a2、及び、転写方向後端部の感光体上流部のトナー付着量b1に対して、転写方向後端部の感光体下流部のトナー付着量b2は減少(図9中のXで示される量だけ減少)する。そして、図9において、図中dで示される画像濃度偏差が転写紙上に現れる。 FIG. 9 shows the result of plotting the image density on the transfer paper against the toner adhesion amount on the photoconductor. The image density was obtained by measuring the density of the image after the image was formed on the transfer paper. From the figure, it can be seen that if the toner adhesion amount on the developing roller is larger than the line L in the figure, the image density on the transfer paper is almost the same even if the toner adhesion amount on the photosensitive member varies. On the other hand, if the toner adhesion amount on the photoconductor is smaller than the line L in the figure, it can be seen that a difference in image density occurs on the transfer paper due to the difference in the toner adhesion amount.
Here, as shown in Table 1, the toner adhesion amount on the photosensitive body upstream of the photosensitive body printed at the front end portion in the sheet transfer direction is a1, and the toner adhesion amount of the downstream portion of the photosensitive body at the front end portion is a2. . Further, the toner adhesion amount at the upstream portion of the photoconductor printed at the rear end portion in the transfer direction is b1, and the toner adhesion amount at the downstream portion of the photoconductor at the rear end portion is b2.
Figure 2005134616
Similar to the result of FIG. 8, the toner adhesion amount a1 at the upstream portion of the photoconductor at the front end in the transfer direction, the toner adhesion amount a2 at the downstream portion of the photoconductor at the front end, and the upstream portion of the photoconductor at the rear end in the transfer direction. With respect to the toner adhesion amount b1, the toner adhesion amount b2 at the downstream portion of the photoconductor at the rear end in the transfer direction decreases (decreases by the amount indicated by X in FIG. 9). In FIG. 9, an image density deviation indicated by d in the figure appears on the transfer paper.

このような画像濃度偏差を回避する手段としては、以下の方法がある。
第一の方法としては、現像装置4内のトナー濃度を上昇させることが挙げられる。すなわち、転写方向後端側の感光体下流部においてトナー付着量が減少した場合においても画像濃度偏差が現れないよう、図9中、Lのラインを超えるトナー付着量が得られるように現像装置4内全体のトナー濃度を上昇させる方法である。
図9を用いて具体的に説明する。前述した4つの各領域のトナー付着量a1、a2、b1、b2よりもそれぞれの領域でトナー付着量が多くなるように現像装置内のトナー濃度を上昇させる。転写方向先端部に印字される感光体上流部のトナー付着量a3、同先端部の感光体下流部のトナー付着量をa4とする。また、転写方向後端部に印字される感光体上流部のトナー付着量をb3、同後端部の感光体下流部のトナー付着量をb4とする。
これら4つの領域のトナー付着量a3、a4、b3、b4は、図9に示すように、トナー濃度を上昇させた結果、前述の4つの領域のトナー付着量a1、a2、a3、a4に比して図中右側にシフトすることになる。
先の例と同様に、転写方向後端部の感光体下流部のトナー付着量b4は、転写方向先端部の感光体上流部のトナー付着量a3等より図中Yで示される幅をもって、トナー付着量が少ない。しかし、現像装置内のトナー濃度を上昇させたために、転写方向後端部の感光体下流部のトナー付着量b4は、画像濃度差に影響を及ぼすトナー付着量がLラインよりも図中右側になる。その結果、転写紙上に画像濃度差が現れない。
しかしながら、この方法では、現像幅全体のトナー付着量を増加させる必要があり、感光体上流部においては必要以上のトナーを消費することになってしまう。
As means for avoiding such an image density deviation, there are the following methods.
The first method is to increase the toner concentration in the developing device 4. That is, the developing device 4 is configured so that the toner adhesion amount exceeding the line L in FIG. 9 is obtained so that the image density deviation does not appear even when the toner adhesion amount decreases in the downstream portion of the photoconductor on the rear end side in the transfer direction. This is a method of increasing the toner density of the entire inside.
This will be specifically described with reference to FIG. The toner density in the developing device is increased so that the toner adhesion amount in each region is larger than the toner adhesion amounts a1, a2, b1, and b2 in the four regions described above. Assume that the toner adhesion amount a3 at the upstream portion of the photoconductor printed at the front end in the transfer direction and the toner adhesion amount at the downstream portion of the photoconductor at the front end are a4. Further, the toner adhesion amount at the upstream portion of the photoconductor printed at the rear end portion in the transfer direction is b3, and the toner adhesion amount at the downstream portion of the photoconductor at the rear end portion is b4.
As shown in FIG. 9, the toner adhesion amounts a3, a4, b3, and b4 in these four regions are compared with the toner adhesion amounts a1, a2, a3, and a4 in the four regions described above as a result of increasing the toner density. As a result, it shifts to the right side in the figure.
As in the previous example, the toner adhesion amount b4 in the downstream portion of the photoconductor at the rear end in the transfer direction has a width indicated by Y in the drawing from the toner adhesion amount a3 in the upstream portion of the photoconductor in the transfer direction. There is little adhesion amount. However, since the toner density in the developing device is increased, the toner adhesion amount b4 in the downstream portion of the photoconductor at the rear end in the transfer direction is such that the toner adhesion amount that affects the image density difference is on the right side in the figure from the L line. Become. As a result, no image density difference appears on the transfer paper.
However, in this method, it is necessary to increase the toner adhesion amount over the entire development width, and more toner than necessary is consumed in the upstream portion of the photoreceptor.

第二の方法としては、現像ローラから感光体へのトナー移転能力を感光体上流側から下流側に向けて上昇するように構成するものが挙げられる。転写方向後端部に印字される感光体上流部のトナー付着量を転写方向先端部に印字される感光体上流部のトナー付着量より予め多くなるように設定するものである。
図10を用いて具体的に説明する。転写方向先端部に印字される感光体上流部のトナー付着量a5、同先端部の感光体下流部のトナー付着量をa6とする。また、転写方向後端部に印字される感光体上流部のトナー付着量をb5、同後端部の感光体下流部のトナー付着量をb6とする。
先の例と同様に、感光体上流部において、転写方向先端部のトナー付着量a5と転写方向後端部b5のトナー付着量とはほぼ同じである。
また、転写方向後端部の感光体下流部のトナー付着量b6は、転写方向先端部の感光体下流部のトナー付着量a6より図中Zで示される幅をもって、トナー付着量が低い。しかしながら、図中Zで示される幅のトナー付着量の低下を予め考慮に入れて、転写方向先端部の感光体下流側のトナー付着量a6を多く設定しておいたので、転写方向後端部の感光体下流部のトナー付着量b6は、画像濃度差に影響を及ぼすラインであるLラインより図中右側となる。この結果、現像装置内のトナー濃度を過剰に補給せずして、画像濃度偏差の発生を防止することができるのである。
As a second method, there is a method in which the toner transfer capability from the developing roller to the photosensitive member is increased from the upstream side to the downstream side of the photosensitive member. The toner adhesion amount at the upstream portion of the photoconductor printed at the rear end portion in the transfer direction is set in advance to be larger than the toner adhesion amount at the upstream portion of the photoconductor printed at the front end portion in the transfer direction.
This will be specifically described with reference to FIG. Assume that the toner adhesion amount a5 at the upstream portion of the photoconductor printed at the front end in the transfer direction and the toner adhesion amount at the downstream portion of the photoconductor at the front end are a6. Further, the toner adhesion amount at the upstream portion of the photoconductor printed at the rear end portion in the transfer direction is b5, and the toner adhesion amount at the downstream portion of the photoconductor at the rear end portion is b6.
As in the previous example, the toner adhesion amount a5 at the transfer direction front end portion and the toner adhesion amount at the transfer direction rear end portion b5 are substantially the same in the upstream portion of the photoconductor.
Further, the toner adhesion amount b6 at the downstream portion of the photoconductor at the rear end portion in the transfer direction has a width indicated by Z in the drawing and lower than the toner adhesion amount a6 at the downstream portion of the photoconductor at the front end portion in the transfer direction. However, since the decrease in the toner adhesion amount with the width indicated by Z in the drawing is taken into consideration in advance, the toner adhesion amount a6 on the downstream side of the photosensitive member at the front end in the transfer direction is set to be large. The toner adhesion amount b6 on the downstream side of the photoconductor is on the right side in the figure from the L line, which is a line that affects the image density difference. As a result, it is possible to prevent occurrence of an image density deviation without excessively supplying the toner density in the developing device.

以下、実施例により本発明を更に具体的に説明するが、本発明はこれらの実施例に限定されるものではない。なお、各比較例及び実施例についての評価の結果は後の表2にまとめている。   EXAMPLES Hereinafter, the present invention will be described more specifically with reference to examples, but the present invention is not limited to these examples. In addition, the result of evaluation about each comparative example and an Example is put together in Table 2 later.

〔比較例1〕
感光体1の感光層表面と現像ローラ11表面の対向ギャップを一定とし、各領域におけるトナー付着量と、画像濃度偏差について評価した。スクリュウは、一般的に用いられる1条スクリュウを用いた。実験は、現像装置4内のトナー濃度、トナー帯電量が均一な動作初期に行った。
〔比較例2〕
本比較例2では、上記比較例1に比して現像装置内のトナー濃度を上昇させて、トナー付着量と画像濃度偏差について評価した。他の条件は、比較例1と同様である。
〔実施例1〕
以下の構成の下、トナー付着量と画像濃度偏差について評価した。図11は、本実施例の構成を示す説明図である。図中に示される矢印は、現像剤搬送方向を示している。本実験例では、感光体と現像ローラは、それぞれ長手方向に外径が均一なものを用いている。同図に示すように複写機本体における現像ローラ11の取付け位置を、感光体上流部から下流部へ向かうにつれて、感光体1の感光層表面と現像ローラ11表面の対向ギャップが狭くなるように配設した。具体的には、感光体1の感光層表面と現像ローラ11表面の対向ギャップの偏差量を0.05[mm]とした。スクリュウは、一般的に用いられる1条スクリュウを用いた。実験は、現像装置4内のトナー濃度、トナー帯電量が均一な動作初期に行った。
[Comparative Example 1]
The opposing gap between the photosensitive layer surface of the photoreceptor 1 and the developing roller 11 surface was constant, and the toner adhesion amount and image density deviation in each region were evaluated. As the screw, a commonly used single-thread screw was used. The experiment was performed at the initial stage of operation in which the toner density in the developing device 4 and the toner charge amount were uniform.
[Comparative Example 2]
In this comparative example 2, the toner concentration in the developing device was increased as compared with the comparative example 1, and the toner adhesion amount and the image density deviation were evaluated. Other conditions are the same as in Comparative Example 1.
[Example 1]
Under the following constitution, the toner adhesion amount and the image density deviation were evaluated. FIG. 11 is an explanatory diagram showing the configuration of this embodiment. The arrows shown in the figure indicate the developer transport direction. In the present experimental example, the photoreceptor and the developing roller are each having a uniform outer diameter in the longitudinal direction. As shown in the figure, the mounting position of the developing roller 11 in the copying machine main body is arranged so that the facing gap between the photosensitive layer surface of the photosensitive member 1 and the developing roller 11 surface becomes narrower from the upstream portion to the downstream portion of the photosensitive member. Set up. Specifically, the deviation amount of the facing gap between the photosensitive layer surface of the photoreceptor 1 and the developing roller 11 surface was set to 0.05 [mm]. As the screw, a commonly used single-thread screw was used. The experiment was performed at the initial stage of operation in which the toner density in the developing device 4 and the toner charge amount were uniform.

〔実施例2〕
以下の構成の下、トナー付着量と画像濃度偏差について評価した。実施例2の基本的な構成及び動作は、上記実施例1のものと同様であるが、現像ローラの取付け位置およびドクタブレードの配設位置の構成が上記実施例とは異なっている。すなわち、上記実施例1の現像装置4では、現像ローラ11を複写機本体に対して偏差を持たせて感光体との対向ギャップに偏差を持たせるようにしているが、本実施例2では、現像ローラ11を複写機本体に対して偏差を持たせず感光体との対向ギャップが長手方向に一定となるようにしている。一方、上記実施例1の現像装置4では、ドクタブレードと感光体との対向ギャップを一定としているが、本実施例2では、感光体上流部から下流部へ向かうにつれてこのギャップが大きくなるように構成している。具体的には、感光体上流端部のドクタブレードとの対向ギャップより、感光体下流端部とドクタブレードとの対向ギャップが0.1[mm]大きくなるように構成した。
[Example 2]
Under the following constitution, the toner adhesion amount and the image density deviation were evaluated. The basic configuration and operation of the second embodiment are the same as those of the first embodiment, but the configuration of the mounting position of the developing roller and the arrangement position of the doctor blade are different from the first embodiment. That is, in the developing device 4 of the first embodiment, the developing roller 11 has a deviation with respect to the copying machine main body so as to have a deviation in the facing gap with the photoconductor. The developing roller 11 is not deviated from the copying machine main body, and the gap facing the photosensitive member is made constant in the longitudinal direction. On the other hand, in the developing device 4 of the first embodiment, the facing gap between the doctor blade and the photoconductor is constant, but in the second embodiment, the gap increases from the upstream side to the downstream side of the photoconductor. It is composed. Specifically, the opposing gap between the downstream end of the photosensitive member and the doctor blade is 0.1 [mm] larger than the opposing gap between the upstream end of the photosensitive member and the doctor blade.

以上の各比較例及び実施例についての評価結果を後の表2にまとめてある。ここで、転写方向先端部とは、A2用紙に最初に印字される部分、転写方向後端部とは、同じA2用紙に最後に印字される部分をいう。また、感光体上流部とは、A2用紙に印字される横方向最端部、感光体下流部とは、380[mm]離れた他端部をいう。トナー付着量、画像濃度偏差の測定方法は、上述したとおりである。

Figure 2005134616
The evaluation results for each of the comparative examples and examples are summarized in Table 2 below. Here, the front end portion in the transfer direction means a portion printed first on the A2 paper, and the rear end portion in the transfer direction means a portion printed last on the same A2 paper. Further, the upstream portion of the photoconductor means the most lateral end portion printed on the A2 paper, and the downstream portion of the photoconductor means the other end portion separated by 380 [mm]. The method for measuring the toner adhesion amount and the image density deviation is as described above.
Figure 2005134616

表2より、比較例1においては画像濃度偏差が発生することが分かる。これは、図9に示したように、転写方向後端部における感光体下流部において、トナー付着量が、画像濃度偏差が生じるトナー付着量にまで減少したためである。
一方、比較例2、実施例1、実施例2については画像濃度偏差は発生しなかった。比較例2において、画像濃度偏差が生じなかったのは、現像装置内全体のトナー濃度を上昇させ、転写方向後端部における感光体下流部において、画像濃度差が生じるまでにはトナー付着量が減少しなかったためである。しかしながら、このような方法により画像偏差を防止する場合には、トナー供給を現像ローラ全域に渡って多くする必要があるためトナー消費量が増加してしまうという問題がある。
From Table 2, it can be seen that image density deviation occurs in Comparative Example 1. This is because, as shown in FIG. 9, the toner adhesion amount is reduced to the toner adhesion amount causing the image density deviation in the downstream portion of the photoconductor at the rear end portion in the transfer direction.
On the other hand, image density deviation did not occur in Comparative Example 2, Example 1, and Example 2. In Comparative Example 2, the image density deviation did not occur because the toner density in the entire developing device was increased, and the toner adhesion amount was increased until the image density difference occurred in the downstream portion of the photoconductor at the rear end in the transfer direction. This is because it did not decrease. However, when image deviation is prevented by such a method, there is a problem that the toner consumption increases because it is necessary to increase the toner supply over the entire developing roller.

実施例1において画像濃度偏差が生じなかった理由は、感光体上流部から下流部へ向けて、現像ローラから感光体へのトナー移転能力を向上させたためである。実施例1においては、感光体1の感光層表面と現像ローラ11表面の対向ギャップが狭くなるように配設している。感光体と現像ローラ間の距離が狭くなるにつれて、現像領域Aにおける感光体1と現像ローラとの間の電位差が大きくなる。電位差が大きくなれば、現像ローラから感光体へのトナー移転能力は向上することになる。従って、トナーを過剰に用いることなく画像濃度偏差を防止できるのである。
なお、上記特許文献3によれば、感光体上流部から下流部に向けて、保護層の膜厚を厚くする技術が開示されている。この発明によれば、現像ローラ表面と感光体の保護層表面との距離を狭小化することになるが、本件発明と同様の効果は得られない。これは、保護層を厚くするに従い、光感度が悪くなるためである。すなわち、膜厚を厚くした感光体下流部では、露光電位が高くなってしまい、現像ローラと感光体との電位差が小さくなる。その結果、トナー移転能力を向上させることはできず、本件発明の効果が得られないのである。
The reason that the image density deviation did not occur in Example 1 is that the toner transfer capability from the developing roller to the photosensitive member is improved from the upstream portion to the downstream portion of the photosensitive member. In the first embodiment, the facing gap between the surface of the photosensitive layer of the photoreceptor 1 and the surface of the developing roller 11 is arranged to be narrow. As the distance between the photosensitive member and the developing roller becomes narrower, the potential difference between the photosensitive member 1 and the developing roller in the developing region A increases. If the potential difference is increased, the toner transfer capability from the developing roller to the photoreceptor is improved. Therefore, an image density deviation can be prevented without using excessive toner.
Note that, according to Patent Document 3, a technique for increasing the thickness of the protective layer from the upstream portion to the downstream portion of the photoreceptor is disclosed. According to this invention, the distance between the surface of the developing roller and the surface of the protective layer of the photosensitive member is reduced, but the same effect as in the present invention cannot be obtained. This is because the photosensitivity deteriorates as the protective layer is thickened. That is, the exposure potential is increased in the downstream portion of the photoconductor with a thick film thickness, and the potential difference between the developing roller and the photoconductor is reduced. As a result, the toner transfer capability cannot be improved, and the effect of the present invention cannot be obtained.

実施例2において画像濃度偏差が生じなかった理由は、感光体上流部から下流部へ向けて、現像ローラから感光体へのトナー移転能力を向上させたためである。実施例2においては、感光体上流部から下流部へ向かうにつれて、感光体1とドクタブレード15との対向ギャップが大きくなるように構成している。感光体とドクタブレードとの距離が大きくなるについれて、現像領域Aに搬送される現像剤量は多くなる。現像剤量が多くなれば、現像ローラから感光体へのトナー移転能力は向上することになる。従って、トナーを過剰に用いることなく画像濃度偏差を防止できるのである。   The reason that the image density deviation did not occur in Example 2 is that the toner transfer capability from the developing roller to the photosensitive member is improved from the upstream portion to the downstream portion of the photosensitive member. In the second exemplary embodiment, the gap between the photosensitive member 1 and the doctor blade 15 increases from the upstream side to the downstream side of the photosensitive member. As the distance between the photoconductor and the doctor blade increases, the amount of developer conveyed to the development area A increases. If the amount of the developer increases, the toner transfer capability from the developing roller to the photoreceptor is improved. Therefore, an image density deviation can be prevented without using excessive toner.

以上、感光体上流部から下流部に向けて現像ローラから感光体へのトナー移転能力を高くするための構成を説明したがこれらに限定されるものではない。
例えば、以下のような構成により感光体上流部から下流部へ向けて、現像ローラから感光体へのトナー移転能力が向上するように構成することができる。
The configuration for increasing the toner transfer capability from the developing roller to the photoconductor from the upstream side to the downstream side of the photoconductor has been described above, but is not limited thereto.
For example, the toner transfer capability from the developing roller to the photosensitive member can be improved from the upstream portion to the downstream portion of the photosensitive member by the following configuration.

感光体の感光層表面と現像ローラの表面とのギャップに偏差を持たせるために、現像ローラの取付け位置に偏差を持たせるのではなく、感光体の取付け位置に偏差を持たせることができる。
また、図12に示すように、感光体上流部から下流部へ向かうにつれて、感光層の表面と現像ローラの表面との間隙が小さくなるように、感光体の長手方向の外径に偏差を持たせることができる。勿論、感光体ではなく現像剤担持体の長手方向外径に偏差を持たせてもよい。これらの構成により、上記実施例1と同様の理由により、トナーを過剰に用いることなく、画像濃度偏差の発生を防止することができる。
In order to give a deviation to the gap between the photosensitive layer surface of the photosensitive member and the surface of the developing roller, it is possible not to give a deviation to the mounting position of the developing roller but to give a deviation to the mounting position of the photosensitive member.
Further, as shown in FIG. 12, the outer diameter in the longitudinal direction of the photoconductor has a deviation so that the gap between the surface of the photoconductive layer and the surface of the developing roller becomes smaller from the upstream portion to the downstream portion of the photoconductor. Can be made. Of course, a deviation may be given to the outer diameter in the longitudinal direction of the developer carrying member instead of the photosensitive member. With these configurations, it is possible to prevent the occurrence of an image density deviation without using excessive toner for the same reason as in the first embodiment.

また、感光体上流部から下流部に向けて、感光層の膜厚を厚くするように構成することもできる。この場合、感光層の膜厚偏差は、前記実施例1の偏差に比べてごく僅かな偏差でよい。実施例1では、感光体の感光層表面と現像ローラ表面との距離により感光体と現像ローラとの間の電位差に偏差を持たせ、トナー移転能力に偏差を持たせている。一方、感光層に膜厚偏差を持たせる場合には、光感度により電位差に偏差を持たせることにより、トナー移転能力に偏差を持たせている。すなわち、感光層の膜厚を厚くするにつれて、感光層内の電荷発生材料、電荷輸送材料が多くなるため、露光電位は小さくなり、現像ローラと感光体との電位差を大きくすることができる。その結果、現像ローラから感光体へのトナー移転能力が向上し、トナーを過剰に用いることなく、画像濃度偏差の発生を防止することができる。ただし、この場合には、反転現像方式の場合に限られる。   Further, the photosensitive layer can be configured such that the thickness of the photosensitive layer increases from the upstream portion to the downstream portion. In this case, the film thickness deviation of the photosensitive layer may be very slight as compared with the deviation of the first embodiment. In Example 1, the potential difference between the photosensitive member and the developing roller is varied depending on the distance between the photosensitive layer surface of the photosensitive member and the developing roller surface, and the toner transfer capability is varied. On the other hand, when the photosensitive layer has a thickness deviation, the toner transfer capability is given a deviation by giving the potential difference a deviation depending on the photosensitivity. That is, as the thickness of the photosensitive layer is increased, the charge generation material and the charge transport material in the photosensitive layer increase, so that the exposure potential is reduced and the potential difference between the developing roller and the photoreceptor can be increased. As a result, the toner transfer capability from the developing roller to the photosensitive member is improved, and the occurrence of image density deviation can be prevented without using excessive toner. However, this case is limited to the case of the reversal development method.

また、感光体上の帯電電位に偏差を持たせるように構成することができる。例えば帯電装置に備えられている帯電ワイヤと感光体1表面との対向距離に偏差を持たせればよい。反転現像の場合には、感光体上流部から下流部へ向かうにつれて、帯電ワイヤと感光体との対向距離が狭くなるように構成する。このように構成することにより、図13に示すように、感光体上流部から感光体下流部へ向かうにつれて、帯電電位VDが小さくなる。例えば、感光体上流端部と下流端部との帯電電位差が50[V]となるように構成する。その結果、感光体上流側から下流側へ向かうにつれて、露光電位VLも小さくなる。このとき感光体上へのトナー移転能力は現像ローラ11に印加される現像バイアスVBと露光電位VLの差に依存する。すなわち、現像バイアスVBと露光電位VLの大きさが大きければトナー移転能力は向上する。よって、感光体上流部から下流部へ向かうにつれて帯電電位VDが小さくなるように構成にすれば、感光体上流部から下流部へ向かうにつれて、現像ローラから感光体へのトナー移転能力が向上するようにすることができる。なお、正規現像の場合には、この逆に帯電ワイヤと感光体との対向距離を感光体上流部から下流部へ向けて大きくなるように構成すればよい。
これらの構成により、トナーを過剰に用いることなく、画像濃度偏差の発生を防止することができる。
Further, the charging potential on the photosensitive member can be configured to have a deviation. For example, a deviation may be given to the facing distance between the charging wire provided in the charging device and the surface of the photoreceptor 1. In the case of reversal development, the opposing distance between the charging wire and the photoconductor becomes narrower from the upstream portion to the downstream portion of the photoconductor. With this configuration, as shown in FIG. 13, the charging potential VD decreases from the upstream side of the photoconductor to the downstream side of the photoconductor. For example, the charging potential difference between the upstream end portion and the downstream end portion of the photoreceptor is configured to be 50 [V]. As a result, the exposure potential VL also decreases as it goes from the upstream side of the photoreceptor to the downstream side. At this time, the toner transfer capability onto the photosensitive member depends on the difference between the developing bias VB applied to the developing roller 11 and the exposure potential VL. That is, if the developing bias VB and the exposure potential VL are large, the toner transfer capability is improved. Therefore, if the configuration is such that the charging potential VD decreases from the upstream portion to the downstream portion of the photosensitive member, the toner transfer capability from the developing roller to the photosensitive member increases as the photosensitive member moves from the upstream portion to the downstream portion. Can be. In the case of regular development, conversely, the opposing distance between the charging wire and the photosensitive member may be configured to increase from the upstream portion to the downstream portion of the photosensitive member.
With these configurations, it is possible to prevent occurrence of an image density deviation without using excessive toner.

また、反転現像の場合には、帯電電位を変えずに露光強度を変えてもよい。感光体上流部から下流部へ向かうにつれて、図14に示すように露光電位VLが小さくなるように構成する(例えば、感光体上流端部と下流端部との露光電位差が50[V]となるように構成する)ことができる。これにより、現像バイアスVBと露光電位VLの値に偏差を持たせることができる。露光装置としては、ポリゴンミラーによる操作方式や、A2サイズ以上の複写機に用いられるLEDランプによるものがある。LEDランプを用いれば、こうした制御が容易になるのでより好ましい。このように構成により、トナーを過剰に用いることなく、画像濃度偏差の発生を防止することができる。   In the case of reversal development, the exposure intensity may be changed without changing the charging potential. As shown in FIG. 14, the exposure potential VL is configured so as to decrease from the upstream portion to the downstream portion of the photosensitive member (for example, the difference in exposure potential between the upstream end portion and the downstream end portion of the photosensitive member is 50 [V]. Can be configured). Thereby, it is possible to provide a deviation between the values of the developing bias VB and the exposure potential VL. As the exposure apparatus, there are an operation method using a polygon mirror and an LED lamp used in a copying machine of A2 size or larger. It is more preferable to use an LED lamp because such control becomes easy. With this configuration, it is possible to prevent occurrence of an image density deviation without using excessive toner.

本実施形態に係る複写機の概略構成図。1 is a schematic configuration diagram of a copier according to an embodiment. トナー補給装置の構成を示す斜視図。FIG. 3 is a perspective view illustrating a configuration of a toner supply device. 同トナー補給装置のトナーボトルの開口部に係合する押し出し部の構成を示す斜視図。FIG. 3 is a perspective view illustrating a configuration of an extrusion unit that engages with an opening of a toner bottle of the toner supply device. 現像装置の概略構成図。FIG. 2 is a schematic configuration diagram of a developing device. 同現像装置の構成を示す斜視図。FIG. 2 is a perspective view illustrating a configuration of the developing device. 現像ローラ上のトナー濃度を示す図。FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating a toner density on a developing roller. 現像ローラ上の帯電量を示す図。The figure which shows the charge amount on a developing roller. 感光体転写方向に対する感光体上のトナー付着量を示す図。FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating a toner adhesion amount on a photoconductor with respect to a photoconductor transfer direction. トナー付着量と画像濃度の関係を示す図。The figure which shows the relationship between toner adhesion amount and image density. トナー付着量と画像濃度の関係を示す図。The figure which shows the relationship between toner adhesion amount and image density. 実施例1に係る感光体、現像ローラ、スクリュウの配設位置を示す説明図。FIG. 3 is an explanatory diagram showing the arrangement positions of the photoconductor, the developing roller, and the screw according to the first embodiment. 感光体、現像ローラ、スクリュウの配設位置を示す説明図。Explanatory drawing which shows the arrangement | positioning position of a photoconductor, a developing roller, and a screw. 感光体長手方向の帯電電位、現像バイアス、露光電位を示す図。FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating a charging potential, a developing bias, and an exposure potential in the longitudinal direction of the photoreceptor. 感光体長手方向の帯電電位、現像バイアス、露光電位を示す図。FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating a charging potential, a developing bias, and an exposure potential in the longitudinal direction of the photoreceptor.

符号の説明Explanation of symbols

1 感光体
4 現像装置
11 現像ローラ
12 第一搬送スクリュウ
13 第二搬送スクリュウ
15 ドクタブレード
17 現像剤貯留部
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Photoconductor 4 Developing apparatus 11 Developing roller 12 1st conveyance screw 13 2nd conveyance screw 15 Doctor blade 17 Developer storage part

Claims (8)

基体上に感光層を有し、静電潜像を形成する像担持体と、
該像担持体と対向してトナーとキャリアとからなる二成分現像剤を担持する現像剤担持体と、該二成分現像剤を貯留する現像剤貯留部と、該現像剤貯留部内の該現像剤担持体近傍に配置される第一搬送スクリュウと、該現像剤担持体より離間した位置に配置される第二搬送スクリュウとを有し、該第一搬送スクリュウと該第二搬送スクリュウとにより該現像剤貯留部の二成分現像剤を攪拌しながら循環搬送して該現像剤担持体に供給し、該像担持体上の該静電潜像を現像してトナー像として顕像化する手段を備える現像装置とを有した画像形成装置において、
上記第一搬送スクリュウの現像剤搬送方向上流から下流へ向かう方向と同一方向に向かうにつれて、上記現像剤担持体から上記像担持体へのトナー移転能力が向上するように構成したことを特徴とする画像形成装置。
An image carrier having a photosensitive layer on a substrate and forming an electrostatic latent image;
A developer carrying body carrying a two-component developer composed of toner and carrier facing the image carrying body, a developer storing section for storing the two-component developer, and the developer in the developer storing section A first conveying screw disposed in the vicinity of the carrier, and a second conveying screw disposed at a position separated from the developer bearing member, and the development by the first conveying screw and the second conveying screw. The two-component developer in the agent storage section is circulated and conveyed while stirring and supplied to the developer carrier, and the electrostatic latent image on the image carrier is developed and visualized as a toner image. In an image forming apparatus having a developing device,
The toner transfer capability from the developer carrying member to the image carrying member is improved in the same direction as the direction from the upstream to the downstream of the developer carrying direction of the first carrying screw. Image forming apparatus.
請求項1の画像形成装置において、
上記第一搬送スクリュウの現像剤搬送方向上流から下流へ向かう方向と同一方向に向かうにつれて、上記感光層の表面と上記現像剤担持体の表面との間隙が小さくなるように構成したことを特徴とする画像形成装置。
The image forming apparatus according to claim 1.
The gap between the surface of the photosensitive layer and the surface of the developer carrying member is reduced in the same direction as the direction from the upstream to the downstream of the developer conveying direction of the first conveying screw. Image forming apparatus.
請求項2の画像形成装置において、
上記第一搬送スクリュウの現像剤搬送方向上流から下流へ向かう方向と同一方向に向かうにつれて、上記感光層の表面と上記現像剤担持体の表面との間隙が小さくなるように、上記像担持体、又は上記現像剤担持体の軸心に偏差を設けたことを特徴とする画像形成装置。
The image forming apparatus according to claim 2.
The image carrier, such that the gap between the surface of the photosensitive layer and the surface of the developer carrier becomes smaller as it goes in the same direction as the direction from the upstream to the downstream of the developer conveyance direction of the first conveyance screw, Alternatively, the image forming apparatus is characterized in that a deviation is provided in the axis of the developer carrying member.
請求項2の画像形成装置において、
上記第一搬送スクリュウの現像剤搬送方向上流から下流へ向かう方向と同一方向に向かうにつれて、上記感光層の表面と上記現像剤担持体の表面との間隙が小さくなるように、上記像担持体、又は該現像剤担持体の外径に偏差を持たせたことを特徴とする画像形成装置。
The image forming apparatus according to claim 2.
The image carrier, such that the gap between the surface of the photosensitive layer and the surface of the developer carrier becomes smaller as it goes in the same direction as the direction from the upstream to the downstream of the developer conveyance direction of the first conveyance screw, Alternatively, an image forming apparatus having a deviation in the outer diameter of the developer carrying member.
請求項1の画像形成装置において、
上記像担持体上の上記静電潜像を現像してトナー像として顕像化する手段として反転現像方式を採用し、上記第一搬送スクリュウの現像剤搬送方向上流から下流へ向かう方向と同一方向に向かうにつれて、上記感光層の膜厚が厚くなるように構成したことを特徴とする画像形成装置。
The image forming apparatus according to claim 1.
The reverse developing method is adopted as means for developing the electrostatic latent image on the image carrier to visualize it as a toner image, and the same direction as the direction from the upstream to the downstream of the developer conveying direction of the first conveying screw. An image forming apparatus, wherein the photosensitive layer is configured such that the film thickness of the photosensitive layer increases as it goes to.
請求項1の画像形成装置において、
上記第一搬送スクリュウの現像剤搬送方向上流から下流へ向かう方向と同一方向に向かうにつれて、上記像担持体上の帯電電位が反転現像方式の場合には小さくなるように、正規現像方式の場合には大きくなるように構成したことを特徴とする画像形成装置。
The image forming apparatus according to claim 1.
In the case of the regular development method, the charging potential on the image carrier decreases in the reverse development method as it goes in the same direction as the direction from the upstream to the downstream of the developer conveyance direction of the first conveyance screw. An image forming apparatus configured to be large.
請求項1の画像形成装置において、
上記像担持体上の上記静電潜像を現像してトナー像として顕像化する手段として反転現像方式を採用し、上記第一搬送スクリュウの現像剤搬送方向上流から下流へ向かう方向と同一方向に向かうにつれて、該像担持体上に照射する露光量が強くなるように構成したことを特徴とする画像形成装置。
The image forming apparatus according to claim 1.
The reverse developing method is adopted as means for developing the electrostatic latent image on the image carrier to visualize it as a toner image, and the same direction as the direction from the upstream to the downstream of the developer conveying direction of the first conveying screw. The image forming apparatus is configured such that the exposure amount irradiated onto the image bearing member increases as it goes to.
請求項1の画像形成装置において、
上記第一搬送スクリュウの現像剤搬送方向上流から下流へ向かう方向と同一方向に向かうにつれて、上記像担持体上と上記現像剤担持体とが対向する現像領域に搬送される現像剤量が多くなるように構成したことを特徴とする画像形成装置。
The image forming apparatus according to claim 1.
As the developer transport direction of the first transport screw moves in the same direction as the direction from upstream to downstream, the amount of developer transported to the development area where the image carrier and the developer carrier face each other increases. An image forming apparatus configured as described above.
JP2003370234A 2003-10-30 2003-10-30 Image forming apparatus Expired - Fee Related JP4376032B2 (en)

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Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2010113013A (en) * 2008-11-04 2010-05-20 Ricoh Co Ltd Image forming apparatus
JP2010181627A (en) * 2009-02-05 2010-08-19 Ricoh Co Ltd Image forming apparatus
JP2011123345A (en) * 2009-12-11 2011-06-23 Ricoh Co Ltd Image forming apparatus
CN102129193A (en) * 2010-01-18 2011-07-20 柯尼卡美能达商用科技株式会社 Image forming unit and image forming apparatus
JP2016057564A (en) * 2014-09-12 2016-04-21 京セラドキュメントソリューションズ株式会社 Image formation device

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2010113013A (en) * 2008-11-04 2010-05-20 Ricoh Co Ltd Image forming apparatus
JP2010181627A (en) * 2009-02-05 2010-08-19 Ricoh Co Ltd Image forming apparatus
JP2011123345A (en) * 2009-12-11 2011-06-23 Ricoh Co Ltd Image forming apparatus
CN102129193A (en) * 2010-01-18 2011-07-20 柯尼卡美能达商用科技株式会社 Image forming unit and image forming apparatus
JP2016057564A (en) * 2014-09-12 2016-04-21 京セラドキュメントソリューションズ株式会社 Image formation device

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