JP2005133124A - Aluminum alloy superior in strength and sliding characteristics, sideplate of gear pump, and bearing mechanism of gear pump - Google Patents

Aluminum alloy superior in strength and sliding characteristics, sideplate of gear pump, and bearing mechanism of gear pump Download PDF

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JP2005133124A
JP2005133124A JP2003368335A JP2003368335A JP2005133124A JP 2005133124 A JP2005133124 A JP 2005133124A JP 2003368335 A JP2003368335 A JP 2003368335A JP 2003368335 A JP2003368335 A JP 2003368335A JP 2005133124 A JP2005133124 A JP 2005133124A
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gear pump
aluminum alloy
strength
side plate
sideplate
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JP2005133124A5 (en
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Katsuto Ito
克人 伊藤
Toru Desaki
亨 出崎
Shinichiro Sakamoto
真一郎 阪本
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Taiho Kogyo Co Ltd
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<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide an aluminum alloy superior in strength and sliding characteristics; a sideplate of a gear pump with superior pump efficiency; and a bearing mechanism of the gear pump. <P>SOLUTION: The aluminum alloy comprises 2.0-5.0% Cu, 5.0-15% Sn, 3.0-13.0% Pb and the balance Al with unavoidable impurities. The sideplate of the gear pump is manufactured by forming aluminum alloy into a tabular shape, and drilling two axial bores 6 and 7 in contrasting positions. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2005,JPO&NCIPI

Description

本発明は、強度及び摺動特性に優れたアルミニウム合金、ギヤポンプのサイドプレート及びギヤポンプの軸受機構に関するものであり、さらに詳しく述べるならば裏金鋼板のような補強部材を使用しなくとも十分な強度を発揮するすべり軸受用アルミニウム合金、かかる合金を使用したギヤポンプのサイドプレート、及びギヤポンプの軸受機構に関するものである。   The present invention relates to an aluminum alloy excellent in strength and sliding characteristics, a side plate of a gear pump, and a bearing mechanism of a gear pump, and more specifically, sufficient strength can be obtained without using a reinforcing member such as a back metal plate. The present invention relates to a sliding bearing aluminum alloy, a gear pump side plate using such an alloy, and a gear pump bearing mechanism.

一般に、アルミニウム合金系すべり軸受は、アルミニウム合金を裏金鋼板とのバイメタル構造としている。これは、アルミニウム合金は摺動特性の観点から軟質元素を多量に含有しているので、強度が優れないことと、鋼板の引張強さはアルミニウム合金の1.5倍以上あるから、裏金による補強により強度と摺動特性が両立した構造が得られるからである。   In general, an aluminum alloy plain bearing has a bimetal structure of an aluminum alloy and a back metal plate. This is because the aluminum alloy contains a large amount of soft elements from the viewpoint of sliding properties, so that the strength is not excellent, and the tensile strength of the steel sheet is 1.5 times or more that of the aluminum alloy. This is because a structure having both strength and sliding properties can be obtained.

すべり軸受用アルミニウム合金は、Al-Sn系合金を基本とし、これにPbを添加してなじみ性を向上させたAl-Sn-Pb系合金や、これらにSiを添加して硬質粒子を生成させ、球状黒鉛鋳鉄軸を摩耗させなじみ面を形成するAl-Sn(Pb)-Si-系合金が特許文献1にて公知である。   Aluminum alloys for plain bearings are based on Al-Sn alloys, Al-Sn-Pb alloys with improved compatibility by adding Pb to them, and adding Si to these to produce hard particles. Patent Document 1 discloses an Al—Sn (Pb) —Si—-based alloy that wears a spheroidal graphite cast iron shaft to form a familiar surface.

特許文献2に開示されるAl-Sn(Pb)-Si-系合金は、その組成が、3〜35%Sn, 0.1〜11%Si, 0.1〜10%Pb, 0.1〜2%Cu, Mg及び/又はZn,0.01〜0.3%Sr、Cr,Mn,Fe,Ni,Co,Mo,Sb,V及び/又はZr、残部Alであり、組織は、Si粒子の形状を、球状、楕円状などに制御することにより耐焼付性を高めているものである。この合金の引張強さは約13〜16kg/mm2、伸びは約15〜25%である。この性能を中強度・高延性アルミニウム合金である6063と比較すると、引張強さが約半分、伸びが同等である。したがって、耐焼付性を高めるように組成を定めると強度が大幅に低下し、延性は良好に維持されることが分かる。また、特許文献2のAl-Sn-Pb-Si-系合金は裏金鋼板とのバイメタルとしてすべり軸受に使用されている。 The Al-Sn (Pb) -Si-based alloy disclosed in Patent Document 2 has a composition of 3 to 35% Sn, 0.1 to 11% Si, 0.1 to 10% Pb, 0.1 to 2% Cu, Mg and / Or Zn, 0.01-0.3% Sr, Cr, Mn, Fe, Ni, Co, Mo, Sb, V and / or Zr, the balance is Al, and the structure of the Si particles is spherical, elliptical, etc. By controlling it, seizure resistance is enhanced. This alloy has a tensile strength of about 13-16 kg / mm 2 and an elongation of about 15-25%. Comparing this performance with 6063, which is a medium strength / high ductility aluminum alloy, the tensile strength is about half and the elongation is equivalent. Therefore, it can be seen that when the composition is determined so as to enhance the seizure resistance, the strength is greatly reduced and the ductility is maintained well. Moreover, the Al-Sn-Pb-Si-based alloy of Patent Document 2 is used for a sliding bearing as a bimetal with a back metal plate.

続いてギヤポンプの従来技術を説明する。
図1において、1はサイドプレート、2,3は鋼材製軸、4,5はそれぞれ軸2,3に固着されたピニオンギヤである。軸2,3はサイドプレート1の軸孔を摺動可能・液密に貫通して、互いに反対方向に回転することにより、軸2,3に固着され相互に噛み合っているピニオンギヤ4,5の間にオイルを巻き込み且つ回転方向に押出す。
Next, the prior art of the gear pump will be described.
In FIG. 1, 1 is a side plate, 2 and 3 are steel shafts, and 4 and 5 are pinion gears fixed to the shafts 2 and 3, respectively. The shafts 2 and 3 are slidable through the shaft holes of the side plate 1. The shafts 2 and 3 are fixed to the shafts 2 and 3 and mesh with each other by rotating in opposite directions. The oil is wound around and extruded in the rotational direction.

図2(a)はサイドプレートの正面図、図2(b)はサイドプレートの断面図である。
サイドプレート1の本体には6262などの通常の切削用アルミニウム合金が使用されており、一方軸孔6,7にはCu-Pb合金製ブシュ8,9が圧入されている。
10は給油孔である。
ドイツ特許明細書3249136.6 特公平2−35020号公報
2A is a front view of the side plate, and FIG. 2B is a cross-sectional view of the side plate.
A normal cutting aluminum alloy such as 6262 is used for the main body of the side plate 1, while bushes 8 and 9 made of Cu—Pb alloy are press-fitted into the shaft holes 6 and 7.
Reference numeral 10 denotes an oil supply hole.
German patent specification 3249136.6 Japanese Patent Publication No. 2-335020

従来のギヤポンプのサイドプレートでは銅合金製ブシュを軸孔に圧入していたために部品点数の増加、工程数増加が避けられず、コスト上昇の要因となっていた。一方、ブシュを廃止すると、サイドプレートの切削用アルミニウム合金が軸孔で軸により摩耗されるために、ポンプ効率が低下する。
従来のすべり軸受用アルミニウム合金は、強度不足のために裏金とのバイメタル構造として使用されるものが多かったので、製造工程に圧接が必須であり、工程数増加が避けられなかった。
In the conventional side plate of the gear pump, a bush made of copper alloy is press-fitted into the shaft hole, so an increase in the number of parts and an increase in the number of processes are unavoidable, resulting in a cost increase. On the other hand, if the bush is abolished, the aluminum alloy for cutting of the side plate is worn by the shaft at the shaft hole, so that the pump efficiency is lowered.
Since many conventional aluminum alloys for plain bearings are used as a bimetal structure with a back metal due to insufficient strength, press contact is essential in the manufacturing process, and an increase in the number of processes cannot be avoided.

本発明は上記した課題を解決するために、
(1)質量百分率で、Cu:2.0〜5.0%,Sn:5.0〜15%及びSi:3.0〜13.0%を含有し、残部がAl及び不可避的不純物からなることを特徴とする強度及び摺動特性に優れたアルミニウム合金、
(2)上記(1)記載のアルミニウム合金を板状に成形し、かつ板面の対称的位置に一対の軸孔を穿接してなるギヤポンプのサイドプレート、
(3)上記(2)記載のサイドプレートの前記前記一対の軸孔に反対方向に回転するシャフトを液密に支承した軸受機構を提供するものである。
以下、本発明を詳しく説明する。
In order to solve the problems described above, the present invention
(1) Strength and sliding properties characterized by containing Cu: 2.0 to 5.0%, Sn: 5.0 to 15% and Si: 3.0 to 13.0% in mass percentage, with the balance being made of Al and inevitable impurities Excellent aluminum alloy,
(2) The side plate of the gear pump formed by forming the aluminum alloy according to the above (1) into a plate shape and drilling a pair of shaft holes at symmetrical positions on the plate surface,
(3) Provided is a bearing mechanism in which a shaft rotating in the opposite direction to the pair of shaft holes of the side plate described in (2) above is liquid-tightly supported.
The present invention will be described in detail below.

本発明に係るアルミニウム合金においては、主としてなじみ性を高めるSnと、主として耐摩耗性を高めるSiと、主として強度を高めるCuを基本成分としている。
Snは軟質な二次相として存在してアルミニウム合金のなじみ性を高める。Snの含有量が5.0質量%(以下組成の百分率は質量%である)未満であると、この効果が少なく、一方15%を超えるとアルミニウム合金の強度が低下して、摺動材料としても構造材料としても不適になる。好ましいSn含有量は5.0〜15.0%である。
In the aluminum alloy according to the present invention, Sn is mainly used for increasing the conformability, Si is mainly used for improving the wear resistance, and Cu is mainly used for increasing the strength.
Sn exists as a soft secondary phase and enhances the suitability of the aluminum alloy. If the Sn content is less than 5.0% by mass (the percentage of the composition is mass% below), this effect will be small. On the other hand, if it exceeds 15%, the strength of the aluminum alloy will be reduced, and it will also be used as a sliding material. Also unsuitable as a material. A preferable Sn content is 5.0 to 15.0%.

Siは共晶もしくは初晶Siとして晶出している。一般に、Si粒子の大きさは平均粒径で2.0〜5.0μmである。Si粒子は硬質であるために、耐摩耗性を発揮する。Si含有量が3.0%未満であると、耐摩耗性が不足し、一方13.0%を超えると材質が脆くなり、好ましくない。好ましいSi含有量は3.0〜13.0%である。   Si is crystallized as eutectic or primary Si. In general, the size of Si particles is 2.0 to 5.0 μm in average particle size. Since Si particles are hard, they exhibit wear resistance. If the Si content is less than 3.0%, the wear resistance is insufficient, while if it exceeds 13.0%, the material becomes brittle. A preferable Si content is 3.0 to 13.0%.

Al-10%Sn/X(X=Cu,Mg等)の擬二元系に基く考察から、CuによるAlマトリックスの固溶強化及びAlマトリックスからの析出硬化が期待できるので、本発明はCuを強化元素として選択することとした。Cuが2.0%未満であると、強化効果が少なく、一方5.0%を超えると合金が脆化して、構造材料としては不適切になる。好ましいCu含有量は2.0〜5.0%である。   From the consideration based on the quasi-binary system of Al-10% Sn / X (X = Cu, Mg, etc.), solid solution strengthening of Al matrix by Cu and precipitation hardening from Al matrix can be expected. It was decided to select it as a strengthening element. If Cu is less than 2.0%, the strengthening effect is small, while if it exceeds 5.0%, the alloy becomes brittle and becomes inappropriate as a structural material. A preferable Cu content is 2.0 to 5.0%.

上記成分の残部は、Fe,Mg,Ti,B,Zn,Pb,Crなどの製錬もしくはスクラップに随伴する不純物である。なお、Pbは摺動特性を向上する成分であるが、強度を低下するので、本発明では不純物とする。Mgも5000系、6000系アルミニウム合金の強化元素であるが、本発明のAl-Sn系組成では強化効果が少ないために随伴元素とする。これらの元素の上限は合計で1.0%以下が望ましい。   The balance of the above components is impurities accompanying smelting or scrap such as Fe, Mg, Ti, B, Zn, Pb, Cr. Note that Pb is a component that improves sliding properties, but it lowers the strength, so it is an impurity in the present invention. Mg is also a strengthening element of 5000-series and 6000-series aluminum alloys. However, the Al—Sn-based composition of the present invention has a small strengthening effect and is therefore an accompanying element. The upper limit of these elements is desirably 1.0% or less in total.

本発明のアルミニウム合金の調質状態は通常T6処理である。
この結果、引張強さが約25〜40kg/mm2、伸びは約2〜7%という、摺動材料としては優れた強度特性が得られる。
The tempered state of the aluminum alloy of the present invention is usually T6 treatment.
As a result, excellent strength characteristics can be obtained as a sliding material having a tensile strength of about 25 to 40 kg / mm 2 and an elongation of about 2 to 7%.

本発明に係るギヤポンプのサイドプレートは、前記アルミニウム合金を板状に成形し、かつ対称的位置に一対の軸孔を穿設してなり、圧入ブシュがないために部品数が少なくコストパフォーマンスに優れたものである。
サイドプレートには必要により給油孔などを設けることができ、この実施形態は図2,3においてブシュを省略した構造となる。
軸孔に嵌め込まれ、互いに反対方向に回転する軸は、軸孔を摩耗させるとともに、サイドプレートを変形させる力を及ぼす。これらの作用が競合的に起こるために、摩耗が進行すると片当りとなり、軸が軸心に対して直交方向に振動してサイドプレートを変形させる。またサイドプレートが変形するとやはり軸と片当たりになって、軸孔の摩耗が起こる。従来のサイドプレートではブシュの銅合金自体の摩耗は問題がなく、変形を受けることはあったが、裏金が変形を受け止めて、サイドプレート全体への波及を防止していた。さらに変形しても銅合金はなじみ性がすぐれるために、迅速に新たななじみ面が形成された。本発明のアルミニウム合金製サイドプレートは、ブシュを省略しているが、上述のような摺動状況において従来の銅合金ブシュと同等の性能を発揮する。勿論、従来のサイドプレートと同じ寸法で同じ性能を発揮するからギヤポンプ全体の寸法は従来と同じであり、設計変更の必要はない。
The side plate of the gear pump according to the present invention is formed by forming the aluminum alloy into a plate shape and forming a pair of shaft holes at symmetrical positions. Since there is no press-in bushing, the number of parts is small and the cost performance is excellent. It is a thing.
The side plate can be provided with an oil supply hole if necessary, and this embodiment has a structure in which the bush is omitted in FIGS.
The shafts fitted in the shaft holes and rotating in opposite directions exert a force that wears the shaft holes and deforms the side plate. Since these actions occur in a competitive manner, when wear progresses, they come into contact with each other, and the shaft vibrates in a direction orthogonal to the axis to deform the side plate. Further, when the side plate is deformed, it also comes into contact with the shaft and wear of the shaft hole occurs. In the conventional side plate, there was no problem with the wear of the copper alloy itself of the bush, and it was subject to deformation. However, the back metal received the deformation and prevented it from spreading to the entire side plate. Even if the copper alloy is further deformed, the conformability of the copper alloy is excellent, so that a new conformation surface was quickly formed. The aluminum alloy side plate of the present invention omits the bush, but exhibits the same performance as the conventional copper alloy bush in the above-described sliding condition. Of course, since the same performance is exhibited with the same dimensions as the conventional side plate, the overall dimensions of the gear pump are the same as the conventional one, and there is no need to change the design.

本発明に係るギヤポンプの軸受機構は、上記サイドプレートの軸穴に反対方向に回転するシャフトを液密に、即ちオイルを漏らさないように支承したことを特徴とするものである。アルミニウム合金からなるサイドプレートにはコーティングなどを施すと、コスト高になり、また本発明のアルミニウム合金は、Snの添加によりなじみ性が優れており、またSi粒子が相手軸をなじませる作用を持っているために、サイドプレートが直接軸を承けるものとする。
なお、本発明に係る軸受構造はギヤポンプ以外でも従来ブシュを使用していた機械装置に適用することができる。
The bearing mechanism of the gear pump according to the present invention is characterized in that the shaft rotating in the opposite direction to the shaft hole of the side plate is supported in a liquid-tight manner, that is, so as not to leak oil. Adding a coating to the side plate made of an aluminum alloy increases the cost, and the aluminum alloy of the present invention has excellent compatibility with the addition of Sn, and has the effect of allowing the Si particles to adjust the mating axis. Therefore, the side plate shall be able to accept the shaft directly.
It should be noted that the bearing structure according to the present invention can be applied to a mechanical device that conventionally uses a bush other than a gear pump.

上述のように、ブシュ廃止により必要となる構造物としての強度と、耐摩耗性及び耐焼付性を併せ持つようにアルミニウム合金の組成を定めた。
以下、実施例により本発明を詳しく説明する。
As described above, the composition of the aluminum alloy was determined so as to have both strength as a structure required by the abolition of bushings, wear resistance, and seizure resistance.
Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail by way of examples.

表1に組成を示すアルミニウム合金につき機械的性質、平均摩耗量及びポンプ効率を測定した。   The mechanical properties, average wear amount and pump efficiency of the aluminum alloys having compositions shown in Table 1 were measured.

Figure 2005133124
Figure 2005133124

機械的性質の測定はJIS2241に基づき、JIS2号試験片を用いて行なった。
平均摩耗量の測定は、図3に示すように供試材12を試験軸13と接触させ、次の条件で行なった。
供試材表面粗さ:Rz0.8μm
試験軸:S55C、表面粗さRz1.0μm
潤滑油(14):パワーステアリングオイル
The mechanical properties were measured based on JIS2241 using JIS No. 2 test pieces.
The average amount of wear was measured under the following conditions by bringing the specimen 12 into contact with the test shaft 13 as shown in FIG.
Specimen surface roughness: Rz0.8μm
Test axis: S55C, surface roughness Rz1.0μm
Lubricating oil (14): Power steering oil

ポンプ効率は実際のポンプに組み付けて測定した。ポンプ効率の定義を以下に示す。
ポンプ効率=機械効率×容積効率
容積効率=流量/理論流量
機械効率=吐出圧/ポンプ駆動トルク
The pump efficiency was measured by assembling the actual pump. The definition of pump efficiency is shown below.
Pump efficiency = Mechanical efficiency x Volumetric efficiency Volumetric efficiency = Flow rate / Theoretical flow Mechanical efficiency = Discharge pressure / Pump drive torque

試験の結果を表2に示す。   The test results are shown in Table 2.

Figure 2005133124
Figure 2005133124

試料番号3はSiを含んでいないために摩耗量が多く、試料番号4はCu含有量が低いため強度が低く摩耗量が多く、試料番号5はSn含有量が低いためになじみ性が悪く、ポンプ効率が低い。試料番号6はSn含有量が多いために強度が低く摩耗量が多く、試料番号7はSi含有量が多いために伸びが小さい。これに対して本発明実施例である試料番号1,2はこれらの全ての性質が優れており、摺動特性は従来のCu-Pb合金と同等である。   Sample No. 3 contains a large amount of wear because it does not contain Si. Sample No. 4 has a low Cu content and thus has a low strength and a large amount of wear. Sample No. 5 has a low Sn content and is not very compatible. Pump efficiency is low. Sample No. 6 has a high Sn content and thus a low strength and a large amount of wear. Sample No. 7 has a high Si content and thus a small elongation. On the other hand, Sample Nos. 1 and 2, which are examples of the present invention, are excellent in all of these properties, and the sliding characteristics are equivalent to those of conventional Cu-Pb alloys.

本発明によると、ギヤポンプのサイドプレートに従来使用されていたブシュを廃止した基材直受けでも充分な耐摩耗性及び耐焼付性が実現できるので、低コスト化が可能になる。   According to the present invention, sufficient wear resistance and seizure resistance can be realized even by direct receiving of the base material, which has been used for the side plate of the gear pump, and the cost can be reduced.

ギヤポンプの回転部分の図である。It is a figure of the rotation part of a gear pump. サイドプレートの正面図(a),断面図(b)である。It is the front view (a) and sectional drawing (b) of a side plate. 摩耗試験装置の図である。It is a figure of an abrasion test apparatus.

符号の説明Explanation of symbols

1−サイドプレート
2−軸
3−軸
4−ピニオンギヤ
5−ピニオンギヤ
6−軸孔
7−軸孔
8−ブシュ
9−ブシュ
10−給油孔
1-side plate 2-shaft 3-shaft 4-pinion gear 5-pinion gear 6-shaft hole 7-shaft hole 8-bush 9-bush 10-oil supply hole

Claims (3)

質量百分率で、Cu:2.0 〜5.0%, Sn:5.0〜15%及びSi:3.0〜13.0%を含有し、残部がAl及び不可避的不純物からなることを特徴とする強度及び摺動特性に優れたアルミニウム合金。 Excellent strength and sliding characteristics, characterized by containing Cu: 2.0-5.0%, Sn: 5.0-15% and Si: 3.0-13.0%, with the balance being Al and inevitable impurities. Aluminum alloy. 請求項1記載のアルミニウム合金を板状に成形し、かつ板面の対称的位置に一対の軸孔を穿設してなるギヤポンプのサイドプレート。 A side plate of a gear pump, wherein the aluminum alloy according to claim 1 is formed into a plate shape and a pair of shaft holes are formed at symmetrical positions on the plate surface. 請求項2記載のサイドプレートの前記一対の軸孔に反対方向に回転する軸を液密に支承したギヤポンプの軸受機構。 The bearing mechanism of the gear pump which supported the axis | shaft which rotates in the opposite direction to the said pair of shaft hole of the side plate of Claim 2 liquid-tightly.
JP2003368335A 2003-10-29 2003-10-29 Aluminum alloy superior in strength and sliding characteristics, sideplate of gear pump, and bearing mechanism of gear pump Pending JP2005133124A (en)

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Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102012216254A1 (en) * 2012-09-13 2014-03-13 Robert Bosch Gmbh External gear machine e.g. external gear pump has slot-like recessed portions that are extended between bearing bore and bearing bushes, so that power flow direction of bearing forces are acted on low pressure side of bearing bush
CN106481550A (en) * 2015-08-28 2017-03-08 河南航天液压气动技术有限公司 A kind of long-life gear Sliding bearing for pump
CN106481551A (en) * 2015-08-28 2017-03-08 河南航天液压气动技术有限公司 A kind of long-life gear Sliding bearing for pump with spring-compensating

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102012216254A1 (en) * 2012-09-13 2014-03-13 Robert Bosch Gmbh External gear machine e.g. external gear pump has slot-like recessed portions that are extended between bearing bore and bearing bushes, so that power flow direction of bearing forces are acted on low pressure side of bearing bush
CN106481550A (en) * 2015-08-28 2017-03-08 河南航天液压气动技术有限公司 A kind of long-life gear Sliding bearing for pump
CN106481551A (en) * 2015-08-28 2017-03-08 河南航天液压气动技术有限公司 A kind of long-life gear Sliding bearing for pump with spring-compensating

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