JP2005093168A - Fuse for short circuit protection and floor heating system using the fuse - Google Patents

Fuse for short circuit protection and floor heating system using the fuse Download PDF

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JP2005093168A
JP2005093168A JP2003323188A JP2003323188A JP2005093168A JP 2005093168 A JP2005093168 A JP 2005093168A JP 2003323188 A JP2003323188 A JP 2003323188A JP 2003323188 A JP2003323188 A JP 2003323188A JP 2005093168 A JP2005093168 A JP 2005093168A
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fuse
sheet
circuit protection
short circuit
floor heating
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JP4283624B2 (en
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Hiroshi Kobayashi
博 小林
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Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a thin short circuit protection fuse especially for a sheet-shaped heater for a floor heating system, not cut-off nor broken even if stepped on, protected from flying spark and fire when a fusion part is fused, and to provide a floor heating system using the fuse. <P>SOLUTION: The fuse for short circuit protection is constituted of a thin plate type fuse main body as a whole having terminal parts set at both ends and a narrow-width fusion part fitted between them, and a heat-resistant film covering the fusion part, and the fuse is mounted between a flat wire supplying power to a sheet heater constituting a plane heating element of the indoor floor heating system and a copper wire set inside the sheet heater connected with the flat wire. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2005,JPO&NCIPI

Description

この発明は、とくに床暖房装置の面状発熱体の発熱回路に用いて好適な短絡保護用のヒューズ並びにこのヒューズを用いた床暖房装置に関する。   The present invention particularly relates to a short-circuit protection fuse suitable for use in a heating circuit of a planar heating element of a floor heating apparatus, and a floor heating apparatus using the fuse.

近年、室内を暖房する暖房装置として、人体にやさしく、大気を汚染しないことから、電気を用いて発熱させる複数枚のプレート状ヒーターから成る面状発熱体を用いた床暖房装置が注目されている。しかし、この床暖房装置は、床下地材と床材の間に複数枚のプレート状ヒーターを設置して面状発熱体とするものであるが、とくに既存の建物の床に面状発熱体を設置しようとすると、床下地材と床材の間にプレート状ヒーターを挟んだり、配線用の溝を刻設したりする必要のあることから、施工に多大な費用が掛かるため、普及の障害となっていた。   2. Description of the Related Art In recent years, floor heating devices using planar heating elements composed of a plurality of plate-like heaters that generate heat using electricity have attracted attention as heating devices that heat indoors because they are friendly to the human body and do not pollute the atmosphere. . However, in this floor heating device, a plurality of plate heaters are installed between a floor base material and a floor material to form a sheet heating element. In particular, a sheet heating element is installed on the floor of an existing building. When installing it, it is necessary to put a plate heater between the floor base material and the floor material, or to engrave a groove for wiring. It was.

特開平11−337093号公開特許公報Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 11-337093

そこで、カーペットのように床材の上に敷設して電源に接続すれば、そのまま床暖房ができるようにした、シート状で可撓性を備えた構成の床暖房装置がこの発明者によって開発された。このシート状の床暖房装置は、面状発熱体を薄くて可撓性のある複数枚のシート状ヒーターで構成し、このシート状ヒーターを複数枚可撓性を有する床安定シートの上に敷設して面状発熱体と成し、、その上に同じく可撓性を有するフロアシートを重ねて全体を接着し、厚さ5mm程度の一枚の可撓性を有するシート状に構成するものである。   Therefore, the inventor has developed a floor heating apparatus having a sheet-like and flexible configuration that can be heated as it is if it is laid on a floor material like a carpet and connected to a power source. It was. In this sheet-like floor heating device, a sheet heating element is composed of a plurality of thin and flexible sheet heaters, and the sheet heaters are laid on a flexible floor stabilization sheet. A sheet heating element, and a flexible floor sheet is stacked on top of each other and bonded together to form a sheet of flexible sheet having a thickness of about 5 mm. is there.

そうすると、床暖房装置全体が薄く可撓性を有することとなったことから、短絡等の事故が起こる虞が多くなることから、短絡時に面状発熱体が発火するのを防止して安全性の向上を図るために、ヒューズが必要となった。そこで、このヒューズ自体も薄板状にして、かつ、短絡に伴う溶断時に溶断部に発生する火花や高温の溶解部によって面状発熱体やこの面状発熱体をサンドイッチするシート状の床材やフロアー材が発火しないように工夫することが必要となった。   Then, since the entire floor heating device is thin and flexible, there is a high possibility that an accident such as a short circuit will occur. A fuse was needed to improve. Therefore, the fuse itself is also made into a thin plate, and a sheet-like heating element or a sheet-like flooring or floor that sandwiches the sheet-like heating element by a spark generated at the fusing part at the time of fusing due to a short circuit or a high-temperature melting part It was necessary to devise so that the material would not ignite.

この発明の目的は、薄型で踏まれても切断されたり壊れたりしてしまうことない上に、溶断部が溶断した際に火花が飛散したり、発火させたりすることのない、とくに床暖房装置のシート状ヒーターの短絡保護用のヒューズを提供せんとするにある。   The object of the present invention is that it is thin and will not be cut or broken even if it is stepped on, and it will not cause sparks to ignite or ignite when the fusing part is blown out. To provide a short circuit protection fuse for sheet heaters.

この発明のもう一つの目的は、かかるシート状ヒーターの短絡保護用のヒューズを用いた床暖房装置を提供せんとするにある。   Another object of the present invention is to provide a floor heating apparatus using a fuse for short-circuit protection of such a sheet heater.

上述した目的を達成するためにこの発明は、両端部に設けた端子部とこの端子部の間に設けた幅の狭い溶断部とを有する全体として薄板状のヒューズ本体と、前記溶断部を覆う耐熱フィルムとで構成したことを特徴とする。   In order to achieve the above-described object, the present invention covers a thin plate-shaped fuse body as a whole having a terminal portion provided at both ends and a narrow fusing portion provided between the terminal portions, and the fusing portion. It is characterized by comprising a heat resistant film.

その際にこの発明は、前記溶断部を、両端部に設けた端子部と比較して幅を狭くした上で、中央部長手方向に長孔を設けて構成することができる。   In that case, this invention can comprise the said melt | fusion part by providing a long hole in the center part longitudinal direction, after narrowing a width | variety compared with the terminal part provided in both ends.

さらにこの発明は、前記各端子部に鳩目取付用の透孔を設け、前記耐熱フィルムで前記各端子部の一部を前記溶断部を含めて覆うことができる。   Further, according to the present invention, a through hole for attaching a eyelet can be provided in each terminal portion, and a part of each terminal portion can be covered with the heat-resistant film including the fusing portion.

この発明はさらに、前記耐熱フィルムを、雲母を原料とし、片面に接着剤を塗布したものとすることができる。   In the present invention, the heat-resistant film can be obtained by using mica as a raw material and applying an adhesive on one surface.

そしてこの発明は、室内の床暖房装置の面状発熱体を構成するシート状ヒーターへ電力を供給する平線と、この平線に接続したところの前記シート状ヒーターの内部の銅線との間に、前記各短絡保護用のヒューズを取り付けて床暖房装置を構成したことを特徴とする。   And this invention is between the flat wire which supplies electric power to the sheet-like heater which comprises the planar heating element of an indoor floor heating apparatus, and the copper wire inside the said sheet-like heater connected to this flat wire. Further, the floor heating apparatus is configured by attaching the respective short-circuit protection fuses.

以上のように構成したこの発明に係るヒューズは、全体として薄く、かつ溶断部の溶断時に生ずる火花や溶解物が耐熱フィルムによって外部へ飛散したり、外接物へ付着したりするのを防止できるので、これを床暖房装置の面状発熱体のシート状ヒーターの発熱回路に用いると、上下方向に凹凸がほとんど生ずることがなく上下に設けた床材でその厚さを吸収できる上に、短絡が生ずると極めて短時間の間に溶断部が切断して面状発熱体が発火することを防止すると共に、溶断部の溶断時に生ずる火花や溶解物が溶断部を覆った耐熱フィルムによって外部へ飛火したり、上下に設けた床材等の外接物へ付着したりすることも防止できるので、面状発熱体の上面と下面に重ね合わせた外接物や床材、或いは床安定シートやフロアシートが燃えることを確実に防止して安全性を高めることができる上に、シート状を呈した床暖房装置を可能とするので、単に既存の床の上に敷設して電源に接続するだけで良いことから、設置費用が安価で済むという効果を奏し得る。   The fuse according to the present invention configured as described above is thin as a whole, and can prevent the sparks and melted material generated at the time of melting of the melted portion from being scattered to the outside by the heat-resistant film or adhering to external objects. When this is used in the heating circuit of the sheet heater of the sheet heating element of the floor heating device, the thickness can be absorbed by the floor material provided above and below with almost no unevenness in the vertical direction, and a short circuit is caused. When this occurs, the fusing part is cut off in a very short time and the sheet heating element is prevented from igniting, and sparks and melts generated during fusing of the fusing part are struck to the outside by a heat-resistant film covering the fusing part. Or adhering to circumscribed objects such as floor materials provided on the top and bottom, the circumscribed objects and floor materials superimposed on the upper and lower surfaces of the planar heating element, or the floor stabilizing sheet and floor sheet burn. Can be reliably prevented and safety can be improved, and a floor heating device with a sheet shape is possible, so it is only necessary to lay it on the existing floor and connect it to the power supply The installation cost can be reduced.

以下にこの発明の一実施例を図面に基づいて詳細に説明する。   Hereinafter, an embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings.

図1乃至図3において、指示記号1で示したものが薄板状を呈したヒューズ本体である。このヒューズ本体1は、両端部に設けた幅広の端子部1a,1aに鳩目取付用の透孔1b,1bを設け、各端子部1a,1a間に長手方向に伸びる長孔2aを有する幅狭の溶断部2を一体的に設けたもので、さらに各端子部1a,1aの一部と溶断部2を例えば雲母フィルム(商品名:マイカ粘着テープ)から成る耐火フィルム3を貼着被覆することによって、この発明に係る短絡保護用のヒューズ(以下単にヒューズという)4を構成してある。   In FIG. 1 to FIG. 3, what is indicated by an instruction symbol 1 is a fuse body having a thin plate shape. The fuse body 1 is provided with through holes 1b, 1b for attaching eyelets to wide terminal portions 1a, 1a provided at both ends, and a narrow hole 2a extending in the longitudinal direction between the terminal portions 1a, 1a. The fusing part 2 is integrally provided, and a part of each terminal part 1a, 1a and the fusing part 2 are further covered with a fireproof film 3 made of, for example, a mica film (trade name: mica adhesive tape). Thus, a short circuit protection fuse (hereinafter simply referred to as a fuse) 4 according to the present invention is configured.

このヒューズ本体1の材料は、洋白(鉛、錫、銅の合金)を用いているが、このものに限定されず、必要に応じて燐青銅、その他の銅合金、鉛、錫、アルミニウム等を単体で或は適宜組み合わせて合金として用いることができる。耐火フィルム3は、雲母フィルム(商品名:マイカ粘着テープ)が好適であるが、これ以外に耐熱温度500℃以上のフィルムやテープ等を用いることができる。   The fuse body 1 is made of white (lead, tin, copper alloy), but is not limited to this, and phosphor bronze, other copper alloys, lead, tin, aluminum, etc., if necessary. Can be used alone or in an appropriate combination as an alloy. The fireproof film 3 is preferably a mica film (trade name: mica adhesive tape), but other than this, a film or tape having a heat resistant temperature of 500 ° C. or more can be used.

尚、耐火フィルム3でヒューズ4の溶断部2を覆う方法としては、図1乃至図3に示したように、耐火フィルム3を短冊状に切って溶断部2の上下方向から貼着するようにしても良いし、図4に示したように、耐火フィルム5を中央部より折り畳んで溶断部2を上下方向から覆うようにしても良い。   In addition, as a method of covering the fusing part 2 of the fuse 4 with the refractory film 3, as shown in FIGS. 1 to 3, the refractory film 3 is cut into a strip shape and stuck from above and below the fusing part 2. Alternatively, as shown in FIG. 4, the fire-resistant film 5 may be folded from the center to cover the fusing part 2 from the vertical direction.

また、図5に示したように、耐火フィルム6を溶断部2に巻きつけるようにしても良い。   In addition, as shown in FIG. 5, the fireproof film 6 may be wound around the fusing part 2.

ヒューズ本体1の材料は、上述したように洋白で、その材厚は、0.08mm程度の極めて薄いものを使用し、全体の長さを60mm、両端部の端子部の幅を10mm、その長さを12.5mm、耐熱フィルムの厚さを0.15mm、その幅を12mm、溶断部の幅を2.35mm、その長さを20mm、長孔の幅を1.5mm、その長さを14mmとし、さらに端子部1a,1aから溶断部2に至る連結部の幅を5mm、その長さを3.5mmとしたものであり、適度な強度を持ち、単に上から踏む等の圧力が加えられただけでは折れたり、切断されてしまうことはない。   The material of the fuse body 1 is white as described above, and the material thickness is extremely thin, about 0.08 mm, the overall length is 60 mm, the width of the terminal portions at both ends is 10 mm, The length is 12.5 mm, the thickness of the heat-resistant film is 0.15 mm, the width is 12 mm, the width of the fusing part is 2.35 mm, the length is 20 mm, the width of the long hole is 1.5 mm, and the length is 14mm, and the width of the connecting part from the terminal part 1a, 1a to the fusing part 2 is 5mm and the length is 3.5mm. It has moderate strength and pressure such as simply treading from above is applied. It won't break or be cut just by being done.

図6と図7は、上述したこの発明に係るヒューズ4を床暖房装置の面状発熱体を構成するシート状ヒーターに装着してヒューズ特性の確認試験を行った際の接続例を示すもので、図6のものが商用周波数2P−100V電源を用いた例であり、図7に示したものが、商用周波数2P−200V電源を用いた例である。   6 and 7 show connection examples when the fuse 4 according to the present invention described above is mounted on a sheet-like heater constituting the sheet heating element of the floor heating device and a fuse characteristic confirmation test is performed. 6 is an example using a commercial frequency 2P-100V power source, and FIG. 7 is an example using a commercial frequency 2P-200V power source.

ヒューズ特性の確認試験に用いた試料としてのシート状ヒーターは、全てPTC導電性塗料を含浸させた上で、乾燥、加熱加工して作成した綿布生地を基材としたものである。このうち表1の左側の試料No.1のものは、幅117mm、長さ2650mm、厚さ0.5mmのもので、長手方向両端部に104mmの幅を空けて0.2mm程度の銅線を14本ずつ織り込んだ電極を平行に配置し、さらに基材の両面をポリエステルフィルムでラミネートしたものを用いた。   All the sheet heaters as samples used for the fuse characteristic confirmation test are impregnated with a PTC conductive paint, dried and heat processed, and then used as a base material. Among these, the sample No. on the left side of Table 1 was used. One is 117 mm wide, 2650 mm long, and 0.5 mm thick, with 104 mm wide electrodes at both ends in the longitudinal direction and 14 electrodes woven in parallel, each arranged in parallel. In addition, a laminate obtained by laminating both surfaces of a base material with a polyester film was used.

試料No.2のものは、幅117mm、長さ2650mm、厚さ0.5mmのもので、長手方向両端部に104mmの幅を空けて0.2mm程度の銅線を14本ずつ織り込んだ電極を平行に配置し、さらに基材の両面をポリエステルフィルムでラミネートしたものを用いた。   Sample No. The second one has a width of 117 mm, a length of 2650 mm, and a thickness of 0.5 mm. In parallel, electrodes of 14 pieces of about 0.2 mm of copper wire are arranged in parallel with a width of 104 mm at both ends in the longitudinal direction. In addition, a laminate obtained by laminating both surfaces of a base material with a polyester film was used.

表1の右側の資料No.1のものは、幅235mm、長さ2650mm、厚さ0.5mmのもので、長手方向両端部に215mmの幅を空けて0.2mm程度の銅線を14本ずつ織り込んだ電極を平行に配置し、さらに基材の両面をポリエステルフィルムでラミネートしたものを用いた。   Document No. on the right side of Table 1. One is 235mm wide, 2650mm long, and 0.5mm thick, with 215mm wide at both ends in the longitudinal direction and 14 electrodes woven with about 0.2mm copper wires arranged in parallel In addition, a laminate obtained by laminating both surfaces of a base material with a polyester film was used.

表1の右側の資料No.2のものは、幅235mm、長さ2650mm、厚さ0.5mmのもので、長手方向両端部に215mmの幅を空けて0.2mm程度の銅線を14本ずつ織り込んだ電極を平行に配置し、さらに基材の両面をポリエステルフィルムでラミネートしたものを用いた。   Document No. on the right side of Table 1. 2 is 235mm wide, 2650mm long, and 0.5mm thick, with 215mm wide at both ends in the longitudinal direction and 14 electrodes woven with about 0.2mm copper wires arranged in parallel In addition, a laminate obtained by laminating both surfaces of a base material with a polyester film was used.

次に、表3、表5、表6の各試料1〜4は、幅117mm、長さ2650mm、厚さ0.5mmのもので、長手方向両端部に104mmの幅を空けて0.2mm程度の銅線を14本ずつ織り込んだ電極を平行に配置し、さらに基材の両面をポリエステルフィルムでラミネートしたものを用いた。   Next, each sample 1-4 of Table 3, Table 5, and Table 6 has a width of 117 mm, a length of 2650 mm, and a thickness of 0.5 mm, with a width of 104 mm at both ends in the longitudinal direction and about 0.2 mm. Electrodes woven with 14 copper wires of each were arranged in parallel, and both surfaces of the base material were laminated with a polyester film.

表4の各試料1〜4のものは、幅235mm、長さ2650mm、厚さ0.5mmのもので、長手方向両端部に215mmの幅を空けて0.2mm程度の銅線を14本ずつ織り込んだ電極を平行に配置し、さらに基材の両面をポリエステルフィルムでラミネートしたものを用いた。   Each of the samples 1 to 4 in Table 4 has a width of 235 mm, a length of 2650 mm, and a thickness of 0.5 mm, and 14 copper wires of about 0.2 mm with a width of 215 mm at both ends in the longitudinal direction. The woven electrodes were arranged in parallel, and the both sides of the base material were laminated with a polyester film.

各試料は全てPTC導電特性を有し、このPTC導電特性を有するものは、大電流の通過時に電気抵抗が増して電流ひいては発熱量が減少する自己温度制御特性を示すことから、床暖房装置の面状発熱体を構成するシート状ヒーターとして最も好ましい発熱シートである。かかるシート状ヒーターを用いることにより、該シート状ヒーターの温度が短絡等の事故のない場合、実用上又は安全上の上限値を超える温度にまで上昇する危険はなくなり、ニクロム線を使ったシート状ヒーターと違って、複雑な加熱防止機構が不要となる利点を有することになる。   Each sample has PTC conductive characteristics, and those having this PTC conductive characteristic exhibit a self-temperature control characteristic in which the electrical resistance increases when a large current passes and the current and thus the calorific value decrease. It is the most preferable heating sheet as a sheet heater constituting the sheet heating element. By using such a sheet heater, when there is no accident such as a short circuit, there is no danger of rising to a temperature exceeding the practical or safety upper limit, and a sheet form using nichrome wire. Unlike a heater, there is an advantage that a complicated heating prevention mechanism is not required.

図6と図7にはいずれもシート状ヒーター7,8の中に組み込んだ銅線9,9を短絡用電線10と11で接続して短絡したものを示してあるが、この短絡用電線10と11はいずれも短絡時のヒューズ特性を調べるためのものであり、定常電流通電試験の時には取り外すものである。   FIGS. 6 and 7 both show the short-circuited wires 10 and 11 connected to the copper wires 9 and 9 incorporated in the sheet heaters 7 and 8 by the short-circuit wires 10 and 11. And 11 are for examining the fuse characteristics at the time of a short circuit, and are removed at the time of a steady current conduction test.

このようにして、図6と図7のものからいずれも短落用電線10と11を取り外して、ナイフスイッチ12とこの発明に係るヒューズ4,4との間に図示してない電流計を直列に接続し、ナイフスイッチ12をONにして定常電流通電試験を行った結果を表1に示す。   In this manner, the short drop wires 10 and 11 are removed from those shown in FIGS. 6 and 7, and an ammeter (not shown) is connected in series between the knife switch 12 and the fuses 4 and 4 according to the present invention. Table 1 shows the results of a steady current conduction test with the knife switch 12 turned on.

Figure 2005093168
Figure 2005093168

この表1から解かるように、シート状ヒーター7,8のワット数が同じに設定してあるため、電源電圧が100Vでも200Vでも発熱回路に通電される電流値に大きな変わりはなかった。   As can be seen from Table 1, since the wattages of the sheet heaters 7 and 8 are set to be the same, there is no significant change in the value of the current supplied to the heating circuit regardless of whether the power supply voltage is 100V or 200V.

次に、図6に示した回路構成で、ヒューズ4,4を取り外してシート状ヒーター7を電源に直結し、かつ短絡用電線を取り付けて短絡試験を行ったところ、以下の表2のような結果となった。   Next, with the circuit configuration shown in FIG. 6, the fuses 4 and 4 were removed, the sheet heater 7 was directly connected to the power source, and a short-circuit wire was attached to perform a short-circuit test. As a result.

Figure 2005093168
Figure 2005093168

この表2から、短絡開始より1.5秒経過程度で面状発熱体に既に発煙現象が見られることから、この時間以前に発熱回路を遮断する必要があることが解かる。   From Table 2, it can be seen that a smoke generation phenomenon is already observed in the sheet heating element after about 1.5 seconds from the start of the short circuit, so that it is necessary to shut off the heating circuit before this time.

続いて、短絡用電線10,11を図6と図7に示したように、シート状ヒーター7と8の各銅線9,9間に短絡接続し、さらに溶断部2の幅を2.35mmとしたヒューズ4,4を図示のようにナイフスイッチ12,12と銅線9,9の間に直列に接続し、さらに各ナイフスイッチ12とヒューズ4,4との間に、オシロスコープにつないだ図示してないシャントを直列に挿入して、各ナイフスイッチ12をONした時に、各ヒューズ4,4がどのような挙動を示すかを試験した。そして、ヒューズ4,4の溶断後の絶縁抵抗は、試験後直ちにヒューズ4,4を発熱回路から取り外し、DC500Vメガーを用いて該ヒューズ4の両端子部1a,1a間で測定した。   Subsequently, as shown in FIGS. 6 and 7, the short-circuiting wires 10 and 11 are short-circuited between the copper wires 9 and 9 of the sheet heaters 7 and 8, and the width of the fusing part 2 is 2.35 mm. The fuses 4 and 4 are connected in series between the knife switches 12 and 12 and the copper wires 9 and 9 as shown in the figure, and further connected to the oscilloscope between each knife switch 12 and the fuses 4 and 4. A shunt (not shown) was inserted in series, and the behavior of each of the fuses 4 and 4 when each knife switch 12 was turned on was tested. Then, the insulation resistance after the fuses 4 and 4 were blown was measured between the two terminal portions 1a and 1a of the fuse 4 using a DC500V megger immediately after the test, with the fuses 4 and 4 removed from the heating circuit.

以上の試験結果を表3と表4に示す。   The above test results are shown in Tables 3 and 4.

Figure 2005093168
Figure 2005093168

Figure 2005093168
Figure 2005093168

定常電流使用時においては、上述した表2に示したように、電源電圧が100Vでも200Vであってもシート状ヒーター7,8の各ワット数がほぼ同じに設定されているため、発熱回路に通電される電流値は表1に示したようにあまり変わりがなかった。しかし、短絡時においては短絡箇所が銅線部分であり、個々の銅線9の抵抗値が全く同じであるため、電源電圧が100Vの場合より200Vの方が電圧の高い分だけ回路電流は大きな値を示した。これはオームの法則・E=IRによって計算した場合、200V発熱回路においてはR=E/1:200/246 =0.813(Ω)となる。これを100V発熱回路に適合させるとI=E/R:100/0.813=123(A)となり、実測値にほぼ等しい値となる。   When the steady current is used, as shown in Table 2 above, the wattage of the sheet heaters 7 and 8 is set to be approximately the same regardless of whether the power supply voltage is 100V or 200V. The value of the energized current did not change much as shown in Table 1. However, at the time of short circuit, the short circuit part is a copper wire part, and the resistance value of each copper wire 9 is exactly the same. Therefore, the circuit current is larger by 200 V at a higher voltage than when the power supply voltage is 100 V. The value is shown. This is calculated according to Ohm's law, E = IR, and R = E / 1: 200/246 = 0.813 (Ω) in a 200 V heating circuit. When this is adapted to a 100V heat generating circuit, I = E / R: 100 / 0.813 = 123 (A), which is a value substantially equal to the actually measured value.

上記の事柄を考え合わせ、回路電流値が小さい100Vの方が遮断時間が長くなるため、ヒューズ4の溶断部2の寸法の幅を狭小にしなければならないことが解かる。発熱回路の短絡時には、100Vよりも200Vの方が電圧の高い分、ヒューズ4との溶断部2の溶断後のアーク発生量は多くなるが、回路電流が大きいため、瞬時にアークを消滅させて発熱回路を遮断できる。   Considering the above matters, it can be seen that the width of the dimension of the fusing part 2 of the fuse 4 must be narrowed because the interruption time becomes longer when the circuit current value of 100 V is smaller. When the heating circuit is short-circuited, 200V is higher than 100V, and the amount of arc generated after fusing of the fused part 2 with the fuse 4 increases. However, since the circuit current is large, the arc is extinguished instantaneously. The heat generation circuit can be shut off.

ヒート状ヒーター6,7の各銅線9間で短絡事故が発生した場合、上述したように極めて短時間にヒューズ4の溶断部2が溶断してシート状ヒーター(PET樹脂)7,8の発火を防止しなければならないことから、短絡電流値の小さい100V発熱回路に照準を合わせ、量産品(量産金型)における溶断部の溶断部の最適寸法を確定するため、該溶断部の寸法を変えた上で、以下の短絡試験は図6に示したシート状ヒーター7を用いて各ヒーター4の溶断部2の幅寸法を変え、電源電圧を100Vに定めて行った。   When a short circuit accident occurs between the copper wires 9 of the heat-like heaters 6 and 7, as described above, the fusing part 2 of the fuse 4 is blown out in an extremely short time, and the sheet-like heaters (PET resins) 7 and 8 are ignited. In order to determine the optimum size of the fusing part of a mass-produced product (mass production mold), the dimension of the fusing part is changed. In addition, the following short-circuit test was performed by changing the width dimension of the fusing part 2 of each heater 4 using the sheet heater 7 shown in FIG.

Figure 2005093168
Figure 2005093168

Figure 2005093168
Figure 2005093168

以上の短絡試験結果から、ヒューズ4の溶断部2の幅寸法は、最大の2.95mmであっても、溶断時間が試料No.1〜4に伴って178.2msから195.0msであることから、いずれも1秒以内であり、それはシート状ヒーター4の発煙時間1.5秒よりも短いので問題が生じないことが解かった。しかし、安全性及び強度等を加味して、溶断部の幅寸法を2.35mmとするのを最適とする。溶断部の幅寸法を2.35mmよりも狭くすると、ちょっとした電圧の変化で溶断してしまったり、切れてしまったり、安全性と強度の点で問題が生じた。尚、いずれの場合にも溶断部には、図1乃至図5に示したような長孔を設けたものを使用した。この長孔があると、強度と溶断性のバランスを取りやすいという利点がある。   From the above short-circuit test results, even when the width dimension of the fusing part 2 of the fuse 4 is 2.95 mm at the maximum, the fusing time is the sample No. 1 to 4 and 178.2 ms to 195.0 ms, both are within 1 second, and it is understood that there is no problem because the smoke time of the sheet heater 4 is shorter than 1.5 seconds. It was. However, in consideration of safety and strength, it is optimal to set the width dimension of the fused part to 2.35 mm. When the width dimension of the fusing part was made narrower than 2.35 mm, the fracturing occurred due to a slight change in voltage, and there were problems in terms of safety and strength. In any case, a fusing part having a long hole as shown in FIGS. 1 to 5 was used. The presence of this long hole has an advantage that it is easy to balance strength and fusing property.

図8乃至図9はこの発明に係るヒューズを、シート状ヒーターを面状発熱体として使用した床暖房装置に実施した場合を示す。図面によれば、この床暖房装置15は、図8に示したように、床安定シート16と、複数枚のシート状ヒーター17,17に電力を送る平型配線から成る面状発熱体18と、フロアーシート19の合計3枚のシートを重ね合わせて互いを接着することにより、可撓性を有するシート状に形成されている。なお、図示してないが、面状発熱体は、両面をポリプロピレンフィルム等でラミネートして絶縁処理をしてあり、ヒューズ4の部分もフィルムその他の手段によって絶縁処理をしてある。   8 to 9 show a case where the fuse according to the present invention is applied to a floor heating apparatus using a sheet heater as a planar heating element. According to the drawing, as shown in FIG. 8, the floor heating device 15 includes a floor stabilizing sheet 16, a planar heating element 18 composed of flat wiring that sends power to a plurality of sheet-like heaters 17, 17, and the like. The floor sheet 19 is formed into a flexible sheet by superimposing a total of three sheets and bonding them together. Although not shown in the drawing, the sheet heating element is insulated by laminating both surfaces with a polypropylene film or the like, and the fuse 4 is also insulated by a film or other means.

このうち床安定シート16は、鉄粉と粉状のアスファルトとを均一に捏練して加熱した後、圧延ロールで圧延することによりシート状に形成したものであり、鉄粉を少なくとも30%前後含んでおり、約1.5mm厚で3坪の大きさにすると、約60kgの重さとなって、床上にしわがよったり、めくれ上がることなく安定した状態で敷設展延される。   Of these, the floor stabilization sheet 16 is formed by uniformly kneading and heating iron powder and powdered asphalt, and then rolling it with a rolling roll, and the iron powder is at least about 30%. If it is about 1.5 mm thick and 3 tsubo in size, it weighs about 60 kg and lays and spreads stably on the floor without wrinkling or turning up.

各シート状ヒーター17は、上述した試料1のものを使用したが、試料1以外のものを使用することが可能である。例えば布帛としては、ポリエステル系繊維の他に、綿、ポリアミド系繊維、アクリル系繊維、ビニロン系繊維等、又はこれらのうち少なくとも1種を含む紡績糸、又は混繊糸等よりなる繊維糸条を経糸及び/又は緯糸に配し、その経糸及び又は緯糸の一部に銅線又はこれに代わる良導電性線条物を所定間隔で配置した繊維織物が挙げられる。加熱方法としては、例えば、遠赤外線照射、マイクロウエーブ照射、誘電加熱等が利用できるが、これらに限定されるものではなく、適切な温度管理が可能なものであればよく、また、導電性塗料の溶媒の発散速度に塗膜の表面と内部とで差ができない方法が好ましい。   Although each sheet-like heater 17 uses the sample 1 described above, a heater other than the sample 1 can be used. For example, as a fabric, in addition to polyester fibers, cotton, polyamide fibers, acrylic fibers, vinylon fibers, or the like, or fiber yarns composed of spun yarns or mixed yarns containing at least one of them are used. Examples thereof include a fiber woven fabric that is arranged on a warp and / or a weft, and a copper wire or a highly conductive filament that replaces the warp and / or a part of the weft at a predetermined interval. As the heating method, for example, far-infrared irradiation, microwave irradiation, dielectric heating and the like can be used. However, the heating method is not limited to these, and any method can be used as long as appropriate temperature management is possible. A method in which the difference in the solvent divergence rate between the surface and the inside of the coating film is not preferred is preferable.

この際使用されるPTC導電性塗料としては、米国特許第5,556,576号明細書に記載されているものが典型的に用いられる。すなわち、次の順序の工程により製造される導電性塗料である。(1)加熱された攪拌容器に芳香族の溶剤を入れ、40〜60℃の温度まで加熱する。(2)熱可塑性樹脂、未硬化の熱硬化性樹脂及びエラストマーより選ばれた基板形成物質を,後の工程における導電性物質の25〜40重量%加える。(3)添加される導電性粉体の25〜40重量%のパラフィンを添加し、すべての固形分が溶解するまで、攪拌を続ける。(4)黒鉛、カーボンブラック、金属粉等から選択された導電性微細粉体を加え、滑らかなペーストが形成されるまで攪拌する。(5)そのペーストを、導電性微細粉体の実質的に均一な分散体となるまで混練する。このようにして得たPTC導電性塗料は、布帛や繊維に塗布したり、浸漬させたりして用いることになる。   As the PTC conductive paint used at this time, those described in US Pat. No. 5,556,576 are typically used. That is, it is a conductive paint manufactured by the following sequence of steps. (1) An aromatic solvent is put into a heated stirring vessel and heated to a temperature of 40 to 60 ° C. (2) A substrate forming material selected from a thermoplastic resin, an uncured thermosetting resin and an elastomer is added in an amount of 25 to 40% by weight of the conductive material in the subsequent step. (3) Add 25 to 40% by weight paraffin of the conductive powder to be added, and continue stirring until all solids are dissolved. (4) Add conductive fine powder selected from graphite, carbon black, metal powder, etc., and stir until a smooth paste is formed. (5) The paste is kneaded until it becomes a substantially uniform dispersion of conductive fine powder. The PTC conductive paint obtained in this manner is used by being applied to or dipped in a fabric or fiber.

次に、フロアシート19としては、市販されている例えば南海アートフロアー21のような床暖房対応品を使用し、厚さ3mm程度が望ましいが、この厚さのものに限定されない。6mm、9mm、12mmというように現場に応じて選択できる。   Next, as the floor sheet 19, a commercially available floor heating compatible product such as the Nankai Art Floor 21 is used, and the thickness is preferably about 3 mm, but the floor sheet 19 is not limited to this thickness. 6 mm, 9 mm, and 12 mm can be selected according to the site.

そして、図9に示したように、床暖房装置15の各シート状ヒーター17から成る面状発熱体18へ電流を流すラミネート加工した平線20,20と、各シート状ヒーター17の銅線21,21との間に、鳩目加工によって、この発明に係るヒューズ4,4が接続されている。   And as shown in FIG. 9, the laminated flat wires 20 and 20 which flow an electric current to the planar heating element 18 which consists of each sheet-like heater 17 of the floor heating apparatus 15, and the copper wire 21 of each sheet-like heater 17 , 21 are connected to the fuses 4 and 4 according to the present invention by eyelet processing.

このように構成すると、ヒューズ4自体が薄いために全体としてシート状の床暖房装置15に凹凸ができるのを防止できた上で、足で踏んでもそれによって破壊されてしまう心配がない上に、シート状ヒーター17に何らかの原因によって短絡電流が流れた時に、ヒューズ4の溶断部が溶断することによって、電流が遮断されるので、ヒート状ヒーター17が発火するのを未然に防止することができるものである。また、ヒューズ4自体が溶断しても、その際の火花や高温の溶解物が耐熱フィルム3によって外部へ飛び散ることを防止し、床安定シート16やフロアーシート19及びヒート状ヒーター17がその火花や溶解物によって焼けたり、発火するのを防止することができるものである。   With such a configuration, since the fuse 4 itself is thin, it is possible to prevent the sheet-like floor heating device 15 from being uneven as a whole, and there is no fear that it will be destroyed by stepping on the foot. When a short-circuit current flows through the sheet-like heater 17 for some reason, the current is cut off by the fusing part of the fuse 4 being blown, so that the heater 17 can be prevented from firing. It is. Further, even if the fuse 4 itself is melted, the spark and high-temperature melted material at that time are prevented from splashing outside by the heat-resistant film 3, and the floor stabilizing sheet 16, the floor sheet 19 and the heat heater 17 It can be prevented from being burnt or ignited by the melt.

勿論、この発明に係るヒューズは、シート状の床暖房装置に用いる面状発熱体以外の面状発熱体及びそれ以外のものに用いることができる上に、床暖房装置以外の電子回路・モーター等にも用いることができる。   Of course, the fuse according to the present invention can be used for a sheet heating element other than the sheet heating element used in the sheet-like floor heating apparatus and the like, and in addition to an electronic circuit / motor other than the floor heating apparatus, etc. Can also be used.

以上詳細に説明したように、この発明に係るヒューズは薄く、短絡時において瞬時に回路を遮断できた上で、溶断部の溶断時に火花が飛散したり、高温の溶解物が外接物に付着することがないので、とくにシート状の床暖房装置の面状発熱体を構成するシート状ヒーターの短絡保護用にヒューズとして最適である。   As described above in detail, the fuse according to the present invention is thin, and after the circuit can be instantaneously interrupted at the time of a short circuit, a spark is scattered when the fusing part is blown, or a high-temperature melted substance adheres to the circumstance Therefore, it is most suitable as a fuse for short-circuit protection of a sheet heater constituting a sheet heating element of a sheet-like floor heating device.

また、この発明にかかるヒューズを用いた床暖房装置は、該床暖房装置をシート状ヒーターを面状発熱体として用いた、可撓性を有するしシート状のものとすることができ、安価であることから、とくに一般家庭用の床暖房装置として利用価値の高いものとなる。   Further, the floor heating apparatus using the fuse according to the present invention can be made flexible and sheet-like, using the sheet heater as a sheet heating element, and is inexpensive. Therefore, it is particularly useful as a floor heating device for general households.

この発明に係る短絡保護用ヒューズの斜視図である。It is a perspective view of the fuse for short circuit protection concerning this invention. この発明に係る短絡保護用ヒューズの一部欠載の平面図である。It is a top view of the partial lack of the fuse for short circuit protection concerning this invention. 図2のA−A線断面図である。It is the sectional view on the AA line of FIG. この発明に係る短絡保護用ヒューズの他の実施の形態を示す一部欠載の斜視図である。It is a partially missing perspective view showing other embodiments of a short circuit protection fuse concerning this invention. この発明に係る短絡保護用ヒューズのさらに他の実施の形態を示す一部欠載の斜視図である。It is a partially missing perspective view which shows other embodiment of the fuse for short circuit protection concerning this invention. この発明に係る短絡保護用ヒューズの短絡遮断試験を行った際の回路構成図である。It is a circuit block diagram at the time of performing the short circuit interruption test of the fuse for short circuit protection concerning this invention. この発明に係る短絡保護用ヒューズの短絡遮断試験を行った際の他の回路構成図である。It is another circuit block diagram at the time of performing the short circuit interruption test of the fuse for short circuit protection concerning this invention. この発明に係る短絡保護用ヒューズを使用した床暖房装置の説明図である。It is explanatory drawing of the floor heating apparatus which uses the fuse for short circuit protection concerning this invention. この発明に係る短絡保護用ヒューズを使用したシート状ヒーターの接続例を説明する説明図である。It is explanatory drawing explaining the connection example of the sheet-like heater using the fuse for short circuit protection concerning this invention.

符号の説明Explanation of symbols

1 ヒューズ本体
1a 端子部
1b 透孔
2 溶断部
2a 長孔
3,5,6 耐火テープ
7,8 シート状ヒーター
9 銅線
10,11 短絡用電線
12 ナイフスイッチ
15 床暖房装置
16 床安定シート
17 シート状ヒーター
18 面状発熱体
19 フロアーシート
20 平線
21 銅線
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Fuse main body 1a Terminal part 1b Through-hole 2 Fusing part 2a Long hole 3,5,6 Fireproof tape 7,8 Sheet heater 9 Copper wire 10,11 Short-circuit electric wire 12 Knife switch 15 Floor heating device 16 Floor stabilization sheet 17 Sheet Heater 18 sheet heating element 19 floor sheet 20 flat wire 21 copper wire

Claims (5)

両端部に設けた端子部とこの端子部の間に設けた幅の狭い溶断部とを有する全体として薄板状のヒューズ本体と、前記溶断部を覆う耐熱フィルムとで構成したことを特徴とする、短絡保護用のヒューズ。   It is characterized by comprising a thin plate-like fuse body as a whole having a terminal part provided at both ends and a narrow fusing part provided between the terminal parts, and a heat-resistant film covering the fusing part, Fuse for short circuit protection. 前記溶断部は、両端部に設けた端子部と比較して幅を狭くした上に、中央部長手方向に長孔を設けたことを特徴とする、請求項1に記載の短絡保護用のヒューズ。   2. The fuse for short-circuit protection according to claim 1, wherein the fusing portion has a narrower width than the terminal portions provided at both ends, and a long hole is provided in the longitudinal direction of the center portion. . 前記端子部は、いずれも鳩目取付用の透孔を有し、前記耐熱フィルムは、前記各端子部の一部を前記溶断部を含めて覆っていることを特徴とする、請求項1乃至2のいずれかに記載の短絡保護用のヒューズ。   All of the terminal portions have through holes for attaching eyelets, and the heat-resistant film covers a part of each terminal portion including the fusing portion. The fuse for short circuit protection in any one of. 前記耐熱フィルムは、雲母を原料とするものであり、片面に接着剤を塗布してあることを特徴とする、請求項1乃至3のいずれかに記載の短絡保護用のヒューズ。   The short circuit protection fuse according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the heat-resistant film is made of mica, and an adhesive is applied to one side thereof. 室内の床暖房装置の面状発熱体を構成するシート状ヒーターへ電力を供給する平線と、この平線に接続したところの前記シート状ヒーターの内部に設置した銅線との間に、請求項1乃至請求項4のいずれかに記載の短絡保護用のヒューズを取り付けたことを特徴とする、床暖房装置。   Between the flat wire for supplying power to the sheet heater constituting the sheet heating element of the indoor floor heating device, and the copper wire installed inside the sheet heater connected to the flat wire, A floor heating apparatus comprising the fuse for short-circuit protection according to any one of claims 1 to 4.
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Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
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WO2014122899A1 (en) * 2013-02-05 2014-08-14 太平洋精工株式会社 Blade fuse
CN104227348A (en) * 2014-08-22 2014-12-24 Aem科技(苏州)股份有限公司 Method of producing suspended fuse type fuse
JP2022126249A (en) * 2021-02-18 2022-08-30 松尾電機株式会社 chip fuse

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2010140711A (en) * 2008-12-10 2010-06-24 Uchihashi Estec Co Ltd Alloy type thermal fuse
WO2014122899A1 (en) * 2013-02-05 2014-08-14 太平洋精工株式会社 Blade fuse
JP2014154235A (en) * 2013-02-05 2014-08-25 Taiheiyo Seiko Kk Blade fuse
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CN104227348A (en) * 2014-08-22 2014-12-24 Aem科技(苏州)股份有限公司 Method of producing suspended fuse type fuse
JP2022126249A (en) * 2021-02-18 2022-08-30 松尾電機株式会社 chip fuse
JP7324239B2 (en) 2021-02-18 2023-08-09 松尾電機株式会社 chip fuse

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