JP2005091250A - Gauge for stress and distortion measurement, and stress and distortion measuring method - Google Patents

Gauge for stress and distortion measurement, and stress and distortion measuring method Download PDF

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JP2005091250A
JP2005091250A JP2003327233A JP2003327233A JP2005091250A JP 2005091250 A JP2005091250 A JP 2005091250A JP 2003327233 A JP2003327233 A JP 2003327233A JP 2003327233 A JP2003327233 A JP 2003327233A JP 2005091250 A JP2005091250 A JP 2005091250A
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gauge
strain
stress
hole
measurement
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Hiroshi Ozeki
浩 大関
Masami Ueno
正巳 上野
Toshihiro Kiyotani
智弘 清谷
Koji Yanai
幸司 柳井
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Isuzu Motors Ltd
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Isuzu Motors Ltd
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Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a gauge for stress and distortion measurement that facilitates insertion to the measuring hole of an object to be measured where an adhesive agent is filled to reinforce low rigid, cylinder-like and sheet-like distortion gauges, and resists to the occurrence of air bubbles in the adhesive agent by suppressing an entrainment of air in case of inserting. <P>SOLUTION: The gauge is constituted of a cylinder-like distortion gauge 1 that keeps one end connected to lead wires 2 and a filling material 3 filled in the distortion gage 1. A bleeding hole 30 penetrating in the axial direction is formed around the axis in the filling material 3, and a conical concavity 31 is formed at an end of the side opposite to the end which the lead wires 2 are connected to, and then the conical concavity 31 is connected to the bleeding hole 30 at the bottom thereof. The rigidity of the low-rigid gauge is improved, and inserting into the hole of the object filled with the adhesive agent is facilitated. Also, a precision of measurement can be improved by a shape that is resistant to entrain air when inserting and is easily discharged while air bubbles are hard to produce even when air is entrained. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2005,JPO&NCIPI

Description

本発明は、歪みゲージを用いた応力・歪み測定に関し、特に、ボルト等の軸力測定に適した応力・歪み測定用ゲージとそれを用いた応力・歪み測定方法に関するものである。   The present invention relates to stress / strain measurement using a strain gauge, and more particularly to a stress / strain measurement gauge suitable for measuring an axial force of a bolt or the like and a stress / strain measurement method using the same.

機械部品である締結用のボルトの軸力管理は非常に重要なテーマであり、軸力のバラツキは製品の品質を大きく左右する。一般に軸力測定は製品開発段階で評価が行われ、従来、主に２種類の方法が用いられている。１つは、超音波を利用する方法で、予めボルトの両端面を平滑に仕上げたものを用い、締結した該ボルトの頭部に超音波探触子を当て、ボルトの軸方向に超音波を発射し、該超音波の反射時間を測定することによりボルト長さの変化を求め、軸力に換算する方法である。   Management of the axial force of fastening bolts, which are mechanical parts, is a very important theme, and variations in axial force greatly affect product quality. In general, axial force measurement is evaluated at the product development stage, and conventionally two types of methods are mainly used. One is a method using ultrasonic waves, which uses a smooth finish on both ends of the bolts in advance. An ultrasonic probe is applied to the head of the bolt that has been fastened, and ultrasonic waves are applied in the axial direction of the bolts. This is a method of calculating a change in bolt length by firing and measuring the reflection time of the ultrasonic wave and converting it to an axial force.

他の方法は、図９に示すようにリード線２、２を接続した円筒状の歪みゲージ１やシート状の歪みゲージ１０を用意し、図１０に示すように、ボルト２０の頭部２０ａの中心に上記歪みゲージ１、１０が収まる穴２１を軸方向に沿って開け、該穴２１に接着剤２２を充填した後、上記歪みゲージ１または１０を挿入して接着剤２２を固化させるものである。この歪みゲージ内蔵のボルト２０を用い、該ボルト２０の締結による歪みを歪みゲージで読みとり軸力を計算する（例えば特許文献１）。該歪みゲージを用いた方法は、実稼動中においても長時間且つ連続的に測定が可能なため利用価値の高い軸力測定方法である。
また、特許文献２では、挿入用ロッドの表面にシート状の歪みゲージを予め接着してから、該ロッドをボルトに設けた穴内に挿入して、上記と同様にボルトの締結による歪みを測定器で読みとり軸力を計算する方法が提案されている。
特開平６−３４７３４９号公報 実開昭６３−１２８４３７号公報 As another method, as shown in FIG. 9, a cylindrical strain gauge 1 and a sheet-like strain gauge 10 to which lead wires 2 and 2 are connected are prepared, and as shown in FIG. A hole 21 in which the strain gauges 1 and 10 are accommodated in the center is formed along the axial direction, the hole 21 is filled with the adhesive 22, and then the strain gauge 1 or 10 is inserted to solidify the adhesive 22. is there. Using the bolt 20 with a built-in strain gauge, the strain due to the fastening of the bolt 20 is read with the strain gauge and the axial force is calculated (for example, Patent Document 1). The method using the strain gauge is an axial force measuring method with high utility value because it can be measured continuously for a long time even during actual operation.
In Patent Document 2, a sheet-shaped strain gauge is bonded in advance to the surface of an insertion rod, and then the rod is inserted into a hole provided in a bolt to measure the strain caused by tightening the bolt as described above. A method for calculating the axial force by reading is proposed.
JP-A-6-347349 Japanese Utility Model Publication No. 63-128437

しかし、前記した超音波を利用する方法では、ボルト頭部に超音波探触子を設置する必要があり、設置スペースの問題から設置不可能となる場合も多く、また、測定装置が非常に高価であるため複数箇所の同時測定には向いていない。
また、前記円筒状の歪みゲージ１やシート状歪みゲージ１０を用いる方法では、歪みゲージの剛性が低く、穴への挿入作業に困難性を伴う問題がある。また、歪みゲージ１を接着剤中に挿入する際に、空気が巻き込まれ図１０に示すように歪みゲージの内外に気泡６０が発生する現象が生じる。この気泡６０はボルト２０の歪みが歪みゲージ１に円滑に伝達されるのを阻害して測定数値の信頼性を著しく低下させるという問題がある。また高温時の測定においては、該気泡６０の空気が膨張することで接着剤２２がボルト２０もしくは歪みゲージ１から剥離してしまい測定不可能となる場合がある。このような空気の巻き込みを防止するには、歪みゲージ１を揺動させながら上記穴２１内に挿入することが効果的と考えられるが、例えば歪みゲージ１の厚さは数十μｍ程度で円筒径も２〜３ｍｍ程度であり前述したように剛性が低いため揺動時の取り扱いには困難性を伴うという問題がある。 However, in the above-described method using ultrasonic waves, it is necessary to install an ultrasonic probe on the bolt head, which is often impossible due to installation space problems, and the measuring device is very expensive. Therefore, it is not suitable for simultaneous measurement at multiple locations.
Further, in the method using the cylindrical strain gauge 1 or the sheet-like strain gauge 10, there is a problem that the strain gauge has low rigidity and the insertion work into the hole is difficult. Further, when the strain gauge 1 is inserted into the adhesive, air is entrained and a phenomenon occurs in which bubbles 60 are generated inside and outside the strain gauge as shown in FIG. This bubble 60 has a problem that the strain of the bolt 20 is prevented from being smoothly transmitted to the strain gauge 1 and the reliability of the measured numerical value is remarkably lowered. Further, in the measurement at a high temperature, the air in the bubble 60 expands, and the adhesive 22 may be peeled off from the bolt 20 or the strain gauge 1 to make the measurement impossible. In order to prevent such air entrainment, it is considered to be effective to insert the strain gauge 1 into the hole 21 while swinging. For example, the strain gauge 1 has a thickness of about several tens of μm and is cylindrical. Since the diameter is about 2 to 3 mm and the rigidity is low as described above, there is a problem that handling is difficult when swinging.

また、挿入用ロッドの表面にシート状の歪みゲージを予め接着してボルトの穴内に挿入する方法ではロッドによる剛性が得られるため、取り扱いは容易になる。しかし、この方法では歪みゲージや歪みゲージに接続されたリード線などによりロッド表面に凹凸が生じ、この凹凸によって穴への挿入時に空気が巻き込まれやすくしたがってロッドの周辺に気泡が生じやすいという問題がある。   In addition, in the method in which a sheet-shaped strain gauge is bonded in advance to the surface of the insertion rod and inserted into the bolt hole, the rigidity of the rod can be obtained, so that handling becomes easy. However, this method has a problem in that the rod surface is uneven due to the strain gauge or lead wire connected to the strain gauge, and this unevenness easily causes air to be caught when inserted into the hole, so that bubbles are likely to be generated around the rod. is there.

本発明は、上記事情を背景として成されたものであり、剛性の低い円筒状の歪みゲージやシート状の歪みゲージの剛性を向上させ、接着剤を充填した被測定物の穴への挿入を容易にし、さらには、挿入時の空気の巻き込みを抑制し、また空気を巻き込んだ場合においても排出が容易な形状とした応力・歪み測定用ゲージおよび該応力・歪み測定用ゲージを用いた測定方法を提供することを目的とするものである。   The present invention has been made against the background of the above circumstances, and improves the rigidity of a low-rigidity cylindrical strain gauge or sheet-shaped strain gauge, and allows insertion of a measurement object filled with an adhesive into a hole. A stress / strain measurement gauge that facilitates and further suppresses air entrainment at the time of insertion and can be easily discharged even when air is entrained, and a measurement method using the stress / strain measurement gauge Is intended to provide.

上記課題を解決するため本発明の応力・歪み測定用ゲージのうち請求項１記載の発明は、筒状に形成された歪みゲージの内部に充填物が充填されて、一体化されていることを特徴とする。   In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, the invention according to claim 1 of the stress / strain measuring gauge of the present invention is such that a filling is filled in and integrated with a strain gauge formed in a cylindrical shape. Features.

請求項２記載の応力・歪み測定用ゲージの発明は、請求項１記載の発明において、前記充填物に、歪みゲージの軸方向に沿って貫通する抜き孔が形成されていることを特徴とする。   A stress / strain measuring gauge according to a second aspect of the invention is characterized in that, in the invention according to the first aspect, a hole is formed in the filler along the axial direction of the strain gauge. .

請求項３記載の応力・歪み測定用ゲージの発明は、請求項２記載の発明において、前記充填物は、歪みゲージの軸方向端部に軸方向の凹部が形成されており、該凹部は、底側に向けて凹部横断面積が小さくなるテーパ形状を有し、底側で前記抜き孔に連通していることを特徴とする。   The invention for a stress / strain measurement gauge according to claim 3 is the invention according to claim 2, wherein the filler has an axial recess formed at an axial end of the strain gauge, It has a taper shape in which the cross-sectional area of the concave portion decreases toward the bottom side, and communicates with the punched hole on the bottom side.

請求項４記載の応力・歪み測定用ゲージの発明は、請求項１記載の発明において、前記充填物は、歪みゲージの軸方向端部に軸方向の錐形または球面状凸部が形成されていることを特徴とする。   A stress / strain measuring gauge according to a fourth aspect of the present invention is the invention according to the first aspect, wherein the filler has an axial conical or spherical convex portion formed at an axial end of the strain gauge. It is characterized by being.

請求項５記載の応力・歪み測定用ゲージの発明は、シート状の歪みゲージと、該歪みゲージの外面側にある補強部材とが一体的に形成されていることを特徴とする。   The stress / strain measuring gauge according to claim 5 is characterized in that a sheet-like strain gauge and a reinforcing member on the outer surface side of the strain gauge are integrally formed.

請求項６記載の応力・歪み測定用ゲージの発明は、請求項５記載の発明において、前記補強部材は、歪みゲージの軸方向端部に軸方向の錐形または球面状凸部が形成されていることを特徴とする。   The stress / strain measuring gauge according to claim 6 is the invention according to claim 5, wherein the reinforcing member has an axial conical or spherical convex portion formed at an axial end of the strain gauge. It is characterized by being.

請求項７記載の応力・歪み測定用ゲージの発明は、請求項５または６に記載の発明において、シート状の歪みゲージと、該歪みゲージを外面から覆う２以上の分割補強部材とが接着・結合されて一体化されていることを特徴とする。   The invention for the stress / strain measuring gauge according to claim 7 is the invention according to claim 5 or 6, wherein the sheet-like strain gauge and two or more divided reinforcing members covering the strain gauge from the outer surface are bonded. It is characterized by being combined and integrated.

請求項８記載の応力・歪み測定方法は、被測定物に設けられた穴内に接着剤を注入し、この接着剤中に請求項１〜７のいずれかに記載の応力・歪み測定用ゲージを挿入して前記接着剤を固化させた後、前記被測定物に発生する応力・歪みを前記歪みゲージで測定することを特徴とする。   The stress / strain measuring method according to claim 8 is a method in which an adhesive is injected into a hole provided in a measurement object, and the stress / strain measuring gauge according to any one of claims 1 to 7 is inserted into the adhesive. After the insertion and the adhesive is solidified, the stress / strain generated in the object to be measured is measured with the strain gauge.

すなわち本発明によれば、剛性の低い歪みゲージを充填物や補強部材で補強して剛性の向上を図ることにより取り扱いが容易になり、接着剤を充填した穴への挿入も容易になる。また、凹凸形状をなくすことができるので、穴への挿入時に空気を巻き込みにくく、気泡が付着しにくい形状となる。例えば、前記充填物の軸方向端部や補強部材の軸方向端部（穴への挿入側）に錐形または球面状凸部を形成することにより、応力・歪み測定用ゲージをより円滑に接着剤中に挿入することができ空気の巻き込みが一層少なくなる。また、充填物に軸方向に貫通する抜き孔を形成することによって巻き込まれた空気が排出され、巻き込みによる気泡の生成が抑制される。なお、抜き孔を有する充填物の軸方向端部にテーパ状の凹部を形成することで巻き込まれた空気を凹部から上記抜き孔に誘導して排出を容易にする。   In other words, according to the present invention, the strain gauge having low rigidity is reinforced with a filler or a reinforcing member to improve the rigidity, thereby facilitating handling and easy insertion into the hole filled with the adhesive. In addition, since the uneven shape can be eliminated, it becomes a shape in which air is not easily trapped when inserted into the hole, and bubbles are difficult to adhere. For example, by forming conical or spherical convex portions at the axial end of the filler or the axial end of the reinforcing member (on the insertion side into the hole), the stress / strain measuring gauge can be bonded more smoothly. It can be inserted into the agent, and air entrainment is further reduced. Moreover, the air entrained is discharged by forming a hole that penetrates the filler in the axial direction, and generation of bubbles due to entrainment is suppressed. In addition, by forming a taper-shaped recessed part in the axial direction edge part of the filler which has a punching hole, the air wound up is guide | induced to the said punching hole from a recessed part, and discharge | emission is easy.

本発明の応力・歪み測定用ゲージには、通常、円筒状の歪みゲージまたはシート状の歪みゲージが用いられる。本発明としては、その形状・寸法を限定するものではなく、被測定物の形状・寸法により歪みゲージ本体の形状・寸法は適宜選択される。また、歪みゲージには２線式、３線式などの種類があるが、本発明においては、これを限定するものではなく用途に応じ選択することができる。また、歪みゲージ本体を複数個設置したものであってもよい。
また、充填物や補強部材に用いられる材質としては、歪みや膨張率の観点からボルト等の被測定物に設けられた穴内に充填する接着剤と同一のものを使用することが望ましい。
また本発明では、軸力などの応力・歪みを測定する種々の被測定物を対象にすることができ、代表的にはボルトが例示される。被測定物に設けられる穴は、上記応力・歪み測定用ゲージが収まるのに必要な大きさを有するものであればよく、適宜の径、深さで設けられるものである。
また、本発明では、応力・歪み測定用ゲージの歪みゲージで得られるデータを用いて、常法により演算して軸力を知ることができる。 For the stress / strain measuring gauge of the present invention, a cylindrical strain gauge or a sheet strain gauge is usually used. In the present invention, the shape and dimensions are not limited, and the shape and dimensions of the strain gauge body are appropriately selected according to the shape and dimensions of the object to be measured. There are two types of strain gauges, such as a two-wire type and a three-wire type, but in the present invention, this is not limited and can be selected according to the application. Further, a plurality of strain gauge bodies may be installed.
In addition, as a material used for the filler and the reinforcing member, it is desirable to use the same adhesive as that used to fill the hole provided in the object to be measured such as a bolt from the viewpoint of distortion and expansion rate.
Moreover, in this invention, the various to-be-measured objects which measure stress and distortion, such as an axial force, can be made into object, A volt | bolt is illustrated typically. The hole provided in the object to be measured only needs to have a size necessary for the stress / strain measurement gauge to be accommodated, and is provided with an appropriate diameter and depth.
Further, according to the present invention, the axial force can be obtained by calculation by a conventional method using data obtained by the strain gauge of the stress / strain measuring gauge.

以上説明したように、本発明によれば、剛性の低い歪みゲージ本体を補強して剛性の向上を図り、接着剤を充填した被測定物の穴への挿入を容易にするとともに、挿入時に空気を巻き込みにくくなる。また、空気を巻き込んだ場合においても排出が容易で気泡が付着しにくい形状とすることができ、軸力などの応力・歪み測定測定精度の向上を図ることができる。   As described above, according to the present invention, the strain gauge main body having low rigidity is reinforced to improve the rigidity, the insertion of the measurement object filled with the adhesive into the hole is facilitated, and the air is inserted at the time of insertion. It becomes difficult to entrain. Further, even when air is entrained, it can be easily discharged and the bubbles are less likely to adhere to it, and the measurement accuracy of stress / strain measurement such as axial force can be improved.

以下、本発明の実施形態を添付図に基づいて説明する。
図１は本発明の一実施形態を示す応力・歪み測定用ゲージ５の断面図であり、該応力・歪み測定用ゲージ５は、円筒状で該円筒軸方向の一端にリード線２が接続されている歪みゲージ１と、該歪みゲージ１の円筒内に充填された充填物３とが一体化されて構成されている。該充填物３には、軸中心で貫通する抜き孔３０が形成されているとともに、リード線２が接続された円筒端部とは反対側の端部に軸方向の凹部３１が形成されている。該凹部３１は歪みゲージ１の内周面に沿って開口し、底側に向けて横断面が連続的に小さくなる円錐形のテーパ形状（傾斜角約４５度）を有しており、底部で前記抜き孔３０に連通している。なお、テーパ形状は連続的な他、多段のテーパ形状であっても良い。また、なお、凹部３１のテーパ傾斜角度は約４５度に限定するものではなく、状況に応じ任意の角度が選択される。また、凹部３１の形状も円錐形に限定するものではなく、半球形や、円錐形と半球形との中間形など適宜選択できる。 Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a stress / strain measurement gauge 5 showing an embodiment of the present invention. The stress / strain measurement gauge 5 is cylindrical and has a lead wire 2 connected to one end in the cylindrical axis direction. The strain gauge 1 and the filler 3 filled in the cylinder of the strain gauge 1 are integrated. The filling 3 is formed with a through hole 30 penetrating at the center of the shaft, and an axial recess 31 is formed at the end opposite to the cylindrical end to which the lead wire 2 is connected. . The concave portion 31 opens along the inner peripheral surface of the strain gauge 1 and has a conical taper shape (inclination angle of about 45 degrees) whose cross section continuously decreases toward the bottom side. The hole 30 communicates with the hole 30. The taper shape may be continuous or a multi-stage taper shape. In addition, the taper inclination angle of the recess 31 is not limited to about 45 degrees, and an arbitrary angle is selected according to the situation. Further, the shape of the recess 31 is not limited to a conical shape, and can be appropriately selected such as a hemispherical shape or an intermediate shape between a conical shape and a hemispherical shape.

次に、前記図１に示す本発明の応力・歪み測定用ゲージ５の製作方法を図２に基づいて説明する。製作に用いる型は、台座５０の上面に傾斜角度約４５度の円錐形の突起部５０ａが設けられており、該突起部５０ａの頂点に金属製または樹脂製のピン５１が台座５０の上面に対して直角に挿入設置されている。台座５０の上面と接する位置における前記突起部５０ａの底面直径は、製作に使用する前記円筒状の歪みゲージ１の円筒内径に等しいか、やや小さいものとする。
製作では、まず台座５０の突起部５０ａとその周囲およびピン５１に離型剤を塗布する。その後、前記円筒状歪みゲージ１をリード線２が接続されていない側を下方にしてピン５１が歪みゲージ１の中心に位置するように台座５０上に設置する。この設置によって突起部５０ａは歪みゲージ１の下端部内側に位置する。そして、該円筒内部に接着剤からなる充填物を射出注入する。その際、円筒が動かないように任意の固定治具で保持してもよい。充填物が硬化した後、台座５０を取り去ると歪みゲージ１の一端に円錐形の凹部３１を有し、該円錐形の凹部３１の頂点から前記円筒の他端まで円筒軸方向に貫通する抜き孔３０を有する応力・歪み測定用ゲージ５が得られる。 Next, a manufacturing method of the stress / strain measuring gauge 5 of the present invention shown in FIG. 1 will be described with reference to FIG. The mold used for the production is provided with a conical protrusion 50a having an inclination angle of about 45 degrees on the upper surface of the pedestal 50, and a metal or resin pin 51 is formed on the upper surface of the pedestal 50 at the apex of the protrusion 50a. It is installed at a right angle to it. The bottom diameter of the protrusion 50a at a position in contact with the upper surface of the pedestal 50 is equal to or slightly smaller than the cylindrical inner diameter of the cylindrical strain gauge 1 used for manufacturing.
In production, first, a release agent is applied to the protrusion 50 a of the pedestal 50 and its periphery and the pin 51. Thereafter, the cylindrical strain gauge 1 is placed on the pedestal 50 so that the pin 51 is positioned at the center of the strain gauge 1 with the side to which the lead wire 2 is not connected facing downward. With this installation, the protrusion 50 a is positioned inside the lower end of the strain gauge 1. Then, a filling material made of an adhesive is injected into the cylinder. In that case, you may hold | maintain with arbitrary fixing jigs so that a cylinder may not move. When the pedestal 50 is removed after the filling has hardened, the strain gauge 1 has a conical concave portion 31 at one end, and a through hole penetrating from the apex of the conical concave portion 31 to the other end of the cylinder in the cylindrical axis direction. The stress / strain measuring gauge 5 having 30 is obtained.

次に、本発明の応力・歪み測定用ゲージ５を被測定物であるボルト２０に設置する手順について図３に基づいて説明する。
図３は、図１に示す本発明の応力・歪み測定用ゲージ５をボルト２０の頭部２０ａから軸に沿って開けられた穴２１内に挿入設置したボルト断面図を示している。
応力・歪み測定用ゲージ５のボルト２０への取付に際しては、まずボルト２０の頭部２０ａに歪みゲージ１の外径より大きい内径の穴２１を所定の深さまで加工し、その後、該穴２１内の脱脂、洗浄を充分に行う。次に、ボルト２０の穴２１内に接着剤２２を充填するとともに、歪みゲージ１の外周表面にも接着剤２２をなるべく均一な厚さで塗布する。なお、接着剤２２は、上記充填物３と同材質とするのが望ましい。歪みゲージ１への接着剤２２の塗布後、応力・歪み測定用ゲージ５を穴２１内に挿入し穴底近傍まで押し込む。この時、ニードルなどの先端の鋭利な工具を用いて押し込むと応力・歪み測定用ゲージ５を確実に押し込むことができる。押し込みに際しては、歪みゲージ１と充填物３とが一体化されて高い剛性を有するため、挿入作業を容易に行うことができる。また、挿入時に巻き込んだ空気の気泡は、応力・歪み測定用ゲージ５の凹部３１に誘導され抜き孔３０を通して充填物３の端部から排出され、応力・歪み測定用ゲージ５の内外近傍に気泡が付着することを防止する。接着剤２２が硬化した後、該ボルト２０を測定箇所において締結する。この応力・歪み測定用ゲージ５は、空気の巻き込みが殆どなく、気泡による測定精度の低下が防止される。なお、応力・歪み測定用ゲージ５の挿入に際し、穴２１の上方などに抜き孔から排出された空気で気泡６１が発生しても、障害物がないため容易に排除することができる。 Next, the procedure for installing the stress / strain measuring gauge 5 of the present invention on the bolt 20 as the object to be measured will be described with reference to FIG.
FIG. 3 shows a cross-sectional view of a bolt in which the stress / strain measuring gauge 5 of the present invention shown in FIG. 1 is inserted and installed in a hole 21 formed along the axis from the head 20 a of the bolt 20.
When the stress / strain measuring gauge 5 is attached to the bolt 20, first, a hole 21 having an inner diameter larger than the outer diameter of the strain gauge 1 is processed in the head 20 a of the bolt 20 to a predetermined depth. Thoroughly degrease and clean. Next, the adhesive 22 is filled in the hole 21 of the bolt 20, and the adhesive 22 is applied to the outer peripheral surface of the strain gauge 1 with a uniform thickness as much as possible. The adhesive 22 is preferably made of the same material as the filler 3. After the adhesive 22 is applied to the strain gauge 1, the stress / strain measuring gauge 5 is inserted into the hole 21 and pushed into the vicinity of the hole bottom. At this time, the stress / strain measuring gauge 5 can be surely pushed by pushing with a sharp tool such as a needle. At the time of pressing, the strain gauge 1 and the filler 3 are integrated and have high rigidity, so that the insertion operation can be easily performed. Also, the air bubbles entrained at the time of insertion are guided to the concave portion 31 of the stress / strain measuring gauge 5 and discharged from the end of the filling 3 through the punched hole 30, and the bubbles are formed in the vicinity of the inside / outside of the stress / strain measuring gauge 5. Prevents adhesion. After the adhesive 22 is cured, the bolt 20 is fastened at the measurement location. The stress / strain measuring gauge 5 hardly entrains air and prevents measurement accuracy from being lowered due to bubbles. When the stress / strain measuring gauge 5 is inserted, even if the bubbles 61 are generated by the air discharged from the punched hole above the hole 21, it can be easily eliminated because there is no obstacle.

図４は、本発明の応力・歪み測定用ゲージ５を用いた軸力測定方法の一例を示したものである。上記方法にて製作した軸力測定用のボルト２０に内蔵した応力・歪み測定用ゲージ５に接続されているリード線２、２を抵抗Ｒで構成されたブリッジ回路部４０に接続し、さらに該ブリッジ回路部４０と歪み測定・演算部４１とをケーブル４４にて接続する。歪み測定・演算部４１には必要に応じて表示部４２と記録部４３が接続される。ボルトの歪みの変化は、応力・歪み測定用ゲージ５の歪みゲージ１の抵抗値変化として現れ、ブリッジ回路の電圧変化として歪み測定・演算部４１に信号が送られ、該演算部４１において歪み、応力、軸力など所望のデータが計算により得られる。該データは表示部４２や記録部４３に伝送され、適宜、各種表示や記録が行われる。
なお、上記実施形態では、本発明の応力・歪み測定用ゲージを用いて軸力を測定する形態について説明したが、本発明としては、軸力の測定に限定されるものではなく、被測定物に発生するその他の応力、歪みを測定する目的で使用することができる。 FIG. 4 shows an example of an axial force measuring method using the stress / strain measuring gauge 5 of the present invention. The lead wires 2 and 2 connected to the stress / strain measuring gauge 5 incorporated in the bolt 20 for measuring axial force manufactured by the above method are connected to the bridge circuit section 40 constituted by the resistor R, and The bridge circuit unit 40 and the strain measurement / calculation unit 41 are connected by a cable 44. A display unit 42 and a recording unit 43 are connected to the strain measurement / calculation unit 41 as necessary. The change in the bolt strain appears as a change in the resistance value of the strain gauge 1 of the stress / strain measurement gauge 5, and a signal is sent to the strain measurement / calculation unit 41 as a voltage change in the bridge circuit. Desired data such as stress and axial force can be obtained by calculation. The data is transmitted to the display unit 42 and the recording unit 43, and various displays and recordings are performed as appropriate.
In the above-described embodiment, the form in which the axial force is measured using the stress / strain measuring gauge of the present invention has been described. However, the present invention is not limited to the measurement of the axial force, and the object to be measured It can be used for the purpose of measuring other stresses and strains generated in the film.

図５は本発明の応力・歪み測定用ゲージの他の実施形態を示した断面図である。なお、上記実施形態と同一の構成については同一の符号を付してその説明を省略または簡略化している。
この実施形態の応力・歪み測定用ゲージ５ａは、リード線２が接続されている円筒状歪みゲージ１と、該歪みゲージ１内に充填された充填物３とにより構成されており、該充填物３には、リード線２が接続された円筒端部と反対側の端部において、円筒外径を底面直径とする傾斜角度約４５度の円錐形凸部３２が設けられている。なお、凸部３２の円錐の傾斜角度は約４５度に限定するものではなく、状況に応じ任意の角度が選択される。また、凸部３２の形状も円錐形に限定するものではなく、他の錐形や半球形や、錐形と半球形との中間形などの適宜の形状を選択できる。要は、接着剤が円滑に流動して空気の巻き込みが防止される形状であればよい。
該応力・歪み測定用ゲージ５ａを凸部３２側から接着剤を充填した穴内に挿入することにより、空気の巻き込みを抑制し、また空気を巻き込んだ場合においても空気を凸部３２の傾斜面に沿って外周側へ移動させることができ、応力・歪み測定用ゲージ５ａの近傍に気泡が形成されるのを防止することができる。 FIG. 5 is a sectional view showing another embodiment of the stress / strain measuring gauge of the present invention. In addition, the same code | symbol is attached | subjected about the structure same as the said embodiment, and the description is abbreviate | omitted or simplified.
The gauge 5a for stress / strain measurement of this embodiment includes a cylindrical strain gauge 1 to which a lead wire 2 is connected, and a filler 3 filled in the strain gauge 1, and the filler 3 is provided with a conical convex portion 32 having an inclination angle of about 45 degrees with the outer diameter of the cylinder as the bottom diameter at the end opposite to the cylindrical end to which the lead wire 2 is connected. In addition, the inclination angle of the cone of the convex part 32 is not limited to about 45 degrees, and an arbitrary angle is selected according to the situation. Moreover, the shape of the convex part 32 is not limited to a conical shape, and an appropriate shape such as another conical shape, a hemispherical shape, or an intermediate shape between a conical shape and a hemispherical shape can be selected. The point is that the adhesive may flow smoothly so that air is prevented from being caught.
By inserting the stress / strain measuring gauge 5a into the hole filled with the adhesive from the convex portion 32 side, the entrainment of air is suppressed, and even when air is entrained, the air is applied to the inclined surface of the convex portion 32. It can be moved along the outer periphery side, and bubbles can be prevented from being formed in the vicinity of the stress / strain measuring gauge 5a.

図６は、本発明の応力・歪み測定用ゲージのさらに他の実施形態を示したものである。（ａ）は正面図、（ｂ）はその側面断面図を示している。
この実施形態の応力・歪み測定用ゲージ１５は、矩形のシート状で長手方向の一端にリード線２、２が接続されている歪みゲージ１０と、この歪みゲージ１０を内包するように円柱形状に形成した補強部材１１を有している。補強部材１１は、軸方向一端からリード線２、２が引き出され、他端には、傾斜角度約４５度の円錐形の凸部１２が設けられている。このように、リード線２の一部も含めて補強部材１２に内包することで、補強部材１２の外部に引き出されているリード線２をつまみとして利用することができ、また、補強部材１２内部ではリード線２が保護される。
この実施形態の応力・歪み測定用ゲージ１５では、シート状歪みゲージ１０の剛性が補強部材１１によって大幅に向上し、取り扱いが容易になる。また、補強部材１１が円柱形状を有することから側壁からの空気の巻き込みが少なく、また、凸部１２によって前記凸部３２と同様に先端側の空気が外周側に排除され空気の巻き込みが抑制される。 FIG. 6 shows still another embodiment of the stress / strain measuring gauge of the present invention. (A) is a front view, and (b) is a side sectional view thereof.
The stress / strain measuring gauge 15 of this embodiment has a rectangular sheet shape, a strain gauge 10 having lead wires 2 and 2 connected to one end in the longitudinal direction, and a cylindrical shape so as to contain the strain gauge 10. It has the formed reinforcing member 11. The reinforcing member 11 has lead wires 2 and 2 drawn out from one end in the axial direction, and a conical convex portion 12 having an inclination angle of about 45 degrees is provided at the other end. In this way, by including the part of the lead wire 2 in the reinforcing member 12, the lead wire 2 drawn out of the reinforcing member 12 can be used as a knob, and the inside of the reinforcing member 12 can be used. Then, the lead wire 2 is protected.
In the stress / strain measuring gauge 15 of this embodiment, the rigidity of the sheet-like strain gauge 10 is greatly improved by the reinforcing member 11, and the handling becomes easy. In addition, since the reinforcing member 11 has a cylindrical shape, the air from the side wall is less likely to be entrained, and the air on the front end side is excluded to the outer peripheral side by the convex portion 12 similarly to the convex portion 32, and the air entrainment is suppressed. The

上記応力・歪み測定用ゲージ１５の製作方法の一例を図７に基づいて説明すると、先端に円錐凸部を有するキリ穴状のキャビティを形成する割型６０ａ、６０ｂを用意し、割型内面に離型剤を塗布した後、前記キャビティ内に矩形のシート状の歪みゲージ１０をキャビティの中心に位置するように配置し、割型６０ａ、６０ｂを型合わせした後、キャビティ内に接着剤からなる充填物を射出注入して補強部材１１をモールド形成する。充填物が硬化した後、前記割型を取り去るとシート状の歪みゲージ１０を内包し、一端に円錐形の凸部１２を有し、他端にリード線２が引き出された円柱形状の応力・歪み測定用ゲージ１５が得られる。   An example of a manufacturing method of the stress / strain measuring gauge 15 will be described with reference to FIG. 7. Split molds 60a and 60b for forming a hollow-shaped cavity having a conical convex part at the tip are prepared, and an inner surface of the split mold is prepared. After the release agent is applied, a rectangular sheet-shaped strain gauge 10 is disposed in the cavity so as to be positioned at the center of the cavity, and the molds 60a and 60b are aligned, and then the adhesive is formed in the cavity. The reinforcing member 11 is molded by injecting and filling the filler. After the filling is cured, the split mold is removed, the sheet-shaped strain gauge 10 is included, the conical convex portion 12 is included at one end, and the cylindrical stress / lead is drawn out at the other end. A strain measurement gauge 15 is obtained.

図８は、上記応力・歪み測定用ゲージ１５の他の制作方法を示したものである。
この制作方法では、前記補強部材１１を軸方向に２分割した分割補強部材１１ａ、１１ｂを用意し、その合わせ面にそれぞれ歪みゲージ１０を収納する浅溝１３を形成しておく。なお、分割補強部材１１ａ、１１ｂには、凸部１２を形成するために、半円錐形の分割凸部１２ａ、１２が形成されている。分割補強部材１１ａ、１１ｂの材質としては通常、樹脂系材が用いられ、好適には、ボルトの穴に充填する接着剤と同材質のものを用いる。
応力・歪み測定用ゲージ１５の製作では、上記浅溝１３内に接着剤を均一に塗布して該浅溝１３内に歪みゲージ１０を収納し、さらに分割補強部材１１ａ、１１ｂの接合面に接着剤を塗布し両者を貼り合わせる。接着剤硬化後、はみ出した接着剤を除去し表面を平滑に仕上げることにより所定の応力・歪み測定用ゲージ１５が得られる。 FIG. 8 shows another production method of the stress / strain measuring gauge 15.
In this production method, divided reinforcing members 11a and 11b obtained by dividing the reinforcing member 11 in the axial direction are prepared, and shallow grooves 13 for accommodating the strain gauges 10 are respectively formed on the mating surfaces. In addition, in order to form the convex part 12, the semi-cone-shaped division | segmentation convex part 12a, 12 is formed in the division | segmentation reinforcement member 11a, 11b. As the material of the divided reinforcing members 11a and 11b, a resin-based material is usually used, and preferably, the same material as the adhesive filling the bolt hole is used.
In the production of the stress / strain measuring gauge 15, the adhesive is uniformly applied in the shallow groove 13, the strain gauge 10 is accommodated in the shallow groove 13, and further bonded to the joint surfaces of the divided reinforcing members 11a and 11b. Apply the agent and paste them together. After the adhesive is cured, the protruding adhesive 15 is removed to finish the surface smooth, whereby a predetermined stress / strain measuring gauge 15 is obtained.

本発明の応力・歪み測定用ゲージの一実施形態を示す断面図である。It is sectional drawing which shows one Embodiment of the gauge for stress / strain measurement of this invention. 同じく一実施形態の応力・歪み測定用ゲージの製作方法の説明図である。It is explanatory drawing of the manufacturing method of the gauge for stress / strain measurement of one Embodiment similarly. 同じく一実施形態のボルトへの設置状況を示す断面図である。It is sectional drawing which similarly shows the installation condition to the volt | bolt of one Embodiment. 本発明の応力・歪み測定用ゲージを用いた応力・歪み測定方法の一実施形態を示す説明図である。It is explanatory drawing which shows one Embodiment of the stress / strain measuring method using the gauge for stress / strain measurement of this invention. 同じく他の実施形態を示す正面断面図である。It is front sectional drawing which similarly shows other embodiment. 同じくさらに他の実施形態を示す正面図および側面断面図である。It is the front view and side surface sectional view which show other embodiment similarly. 同じく一実施形態の応力・歪み測定用ゲージの製作方法の一例の説明図である。It is explanatory drawing of an example of the manufacturing method of the gauge for stress / strain measurement of one Embodiment similarly. 同じく一実施形態の応力・歪み測定用ゲージの製作方法の他例の説明図である。It is explanatory drawing of the other example of the manufacturing method of the gauge for stress / strain measurement of one Embodiment similarly. 従来の円筒状の歪みゲージ例を示す斜視図である。It is a perspective view which shows the example of the conventional cylindrical strain gauge. 同じくボルトへの設置状況を示す断面図である。It is sectional drawing which similarly shows the installation condition to a volt | bolt.

符号の説明Explanation of symbols

１ 歪みゲージ
２ リード線
３ 充填物
５ 応力・歪み測定用ゲージ
５ａ 応力・歪み測定用ゲージ
１０ 歪みゲージ
１１ 補強部材
１２ 凸部
１５ 応力・歪み測定用ゲージ
２０ ボルト
２１ 穴
２２ 接着剤
３０ 抜き孔
３１ 凹部
３２ 凸部
６０ 気泡
６１ 気泡 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Strain gauge 2 Lead wire 3 Filler 5 Stress / strain measurement gauge 5a Stress / strain measurement gauge 10 Strain gauge 11 Reinforcement member 12 Convex part 15 Stress / strain measurement gauge 20 Bolt 21 Hole 22 Adhesive 30 Extraction hole 31 Concave part 32 Convex part 60 Bubble 61 Bubble

Claims (8)

筒状に形成された歪みゲージの内部に充填物が充填されて、一体化されていることを特徴とする応力・歪み測定用ゲージ。   A gauge for stress / strain measurement, wherein a strain gauge formed in a cylindrical shape is filled with a filler and integrated. 前記充填物に、歪みゲージの軸方向に沿って貫通する抜き孔が形成されていることを特徴とする請求項１記載の応力・歪み測定用ゲージ。   2. The stress / strain measuring gauge according to claim 1, wherein a hole that penetrates along the axial direction of the strain gauge is formed in the filler. 前記充填物は、歪みゲージの軸方向端部に軸方向の凹部が形成されており、該凹部は、底側に向けて凹部横断面積が小さくなるテーパ形状を有し、底側で前記抜き孔に連通していることを特徴とする請求項２記載の応力・歪み測定用ゲージ。   The filling is formed with an axial recess at the axial end of the strain gauge, and the recess has a tapered shape in which the cross-sectional area of the recess becomes smaller toward the bottom, and the hole is formed on the bottom. The stress / strain measuring gauge according to claim 2, wherein the gauge is connected to the gauge. 前記充填物は、歪みゲージの軸方向端部に軸方向の錐形または球面状凸部が形成されていることを特徴とする請求項１記載の応力・歪み測定用ゲージ。   2. The stress / strain measuring gauge according to claim 1, wherein the filler is formed with an axial conical or spherical convex portion at an axial end of the strain gauge. シート状の歪みゲージと、該歪みゲージの外面側にある補強部材とが一体的に形成されていることを特徴とする応力・歪み測定用ゲージ。   A stress / strain measuring gauge, wherein a sheet-like strain gauge and a reinforcing member on an outer surface side of the strain gauge are integrally formed. 前記補強部材は、歪みゲージの軸方向端部に軸方向の錐形または球面状凸部が形成されていることを特徴とする請求項５記載の応力・歪み測定用ゲージ。   6. The stress / strain measuring gauge according to claim 5, wherein the reinforcing member has an axial conical or spherical convex portion formed at an axial end of the strain gauge. シート状の歪みゲージと、該歪みゲージを外面から覆う２以上の分割補強部材とが接着・結合されて一体化されていることを特徴とする請求項５または６に記載の応力・歪み測定用ゲージ。   7. The stress / strain measurement device according to claim 5, wherein the sheet-like strain gauge and two or more divided reinforcing members covering the strain gauge from the outer surface are bonded and joined together. gauge. 被測定物に設けられた穴内に接着剤を注入し、この接着剤中に請求項１〜７のいずれかに記載の応力・歪み測定用ゲージを挿入して前記接着剤を固化させた後、前記被測定物に発生する応力・歪みを前記歪みゲージで測定することを特徴とする応力・歪み測定方法。   After injecting an adhesive into a hole provided in the object to be measured, and inserting the stress / strain measuring gauge according to any one of claims 1 to 7 into the adhesive to solidify the adhesive, A stress / strain measuring method, wherein the stress / strain generated in the object to be measured is measured by the strain gauge.
JP2003327233A 2003-09-19 2003-09-19 Gauge for stress and distortion measurement, and stress and distortion measuring method Pending JP2005091250A (en)

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Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2010185809A (en) * 2009-02-13 2010-08-26 Taiheiyo Cement Corp Bolt and system for processing information on axial force of bolt
JP2012202688A (en) * 2011-03-23 2012-10-22 Tokyo Sokki Kenkyusho Co Ltd Acting force measuring device for bolt
JP7424711B1 (en) 2023-11-24 2024-01-30 国立大学法人島根大学 Measuring equipment and tool holders

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2010185809A (en) * 2009-02-13 2010-08-26 Taiheiyo Cement Corp Bolt and system for processing information on axial force of bolt
JP2012202688A (en) * 2011-03-23 2012-10-22 Tokyo Sokki Kenkyusho Co Ltd Acting force measuring device for bolt
JP7424711B1 (en) 2023-11-24 2024-01-30 国立大学法人島根大学 Measuring equipment and tool holders

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