JP2005079900A - Data communication apparatus - Google Patents

Data communication apparatus Download PDF

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JP2005079900A
JP2005079900A JP2003307751A JP2003307751A JP2005079900A JP 2005079900 A JP2005079900 A JP 2005079900A JP 2003307751 A JP2003307751 A JP 2003307751A JP 2003307751 A JP2003307751 A JP 2003307751A JP 2005079900 A JP2005079900 A JP 2005079900A
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transmitter
human body
data
electrode
receiver
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Takeyuki Suzuki
健之 鈴木
謙之 ▲土▼井
Kaneyuki Doi
Hiromichi Goto
弘通 後藤
Masaru Hashimoto
勝 橋本
Tomiichi Imai
富一 今井
Atsuhisa Nishimura
篤久 西村
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Panasonic Electric Works Co Ltd
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Matsushita Electric Works Ltd
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Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To stabilize signal transmission between a transmitter and a receiver, and to prevent data reception in the receiver from becoming impossible. <P>SOLUTION: A pair of holding parts 5 which protrude from a transmitter body 4 and hold first and second electrodes 2 and 3 at tips are disposed. Impedance components Z4 and Z5 of an equivalent circuit are reduced compared to a conventional case, and signal transmission between a transmitter 1 and a receiver 10 can be stabilized. Thus, data reception is prevented from becoming impossible in the receiver 10. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2005,JPO&NCIPI

Description

本発明は、信号伝送路として人体を利用するデータ通信装置に関するものである。   The present invention relates to a data communication apparatus that uses a human body as a signal transmission path.

信号伝送路として人体を利用するデータ通信装置として、本出願人は図８に示すものを既に提案している（特許文献１参照）。このデータ通信装置は、人体Ｈに装着される送信器１と、送信器１から送信されるデータを受信するとともに当該データを利用する外部機器２０にデータを伝送する受信器１０とで構成される。送信器１は、人体Ｈの皮膚に接触する第１の電極２及び第２の電極３と、第１及び第２の電極２，３間に信号電圧を印加してデータを送信するデータ送信手段（図示せず）と、第１の電極２、第２の電極３並びにデータ送信手段を保持する送信器本体４とを具備し、例えば、人体Ｈの上腕部に装着される。一方、受信器１０は、人体Ｈ（例えば、指）が接触する受信電極１１と、人体Ｈを介して受信電極１１に印加される信号電圧を受けてデータを受信するデータ受信手段（図示せず）とを具備する。   As a data communication apparatus using a human body as a signal transmission path, the present applicant has already proposed the one shown in FIG. 8 (see Patent Document 1). This data communication apparatus includes a transmitter 1 attached to a human body H and a receiver 10 that receives data transmitted from the transmitter 1 and transmits the data to an external device 20 that uses the data. . The transmitter 1 is a data transmitting means for transmitting data by applying a signal voltage between the first electrode 2 and the second electrode 3 that are in contact with the skin of the human body H, and the first and second electrodes 2 and 3. (Not shown), a first electrode 2, a second electrode 3, and a transmitter main body 4 for holding data transmission means, which are attached to, for example, the upper arm of a human body H. On the other hand, the receiver 10 includes a receiving electrode 11 that contacts the human body H (for example, a finger) and data receiving means (not shown) that receives data by receiving a signal voltage applied to the receiving electrode 11 via the human body H. ).

ここで、送信器１を装着した人Ｈが受信器１０の受信電極１１に指を触れている状態の等価回路を図９に示す。図９において、Ｚ１は送信器１の第１の電極２と第２の電極３の間における人体Ｈのインピーダンス成分、Ｚ２は送信器１の第２の電極３と受信器１０の受信電極１１の間における人体Ｈのインピーダンス成分、Ｚ３は送信器１の第１の電極２と大地アースの間における人体Ｈのインピーダンス成分、Ｚ４は送信器１の第１の電極２と人体Ｈとの界面におけるインピーダンス成分、Ｚ５は送信器１の第２の電極３と人体Ｈとの界面におけるインピーダンス成分、Ｚ６は受信器１０の受信電極１１と人体Ｈとの界面におけるインピーダンス成分をそれぞれ表している。また、送信器１から受信器１０に送信される交流信号に対しては、大地アース間及び大地アースと人体Ｈ間がそれぞれ容量結合されるため、その容量成分を各々Ｚ７，Ｚ８で表している。さらに、Ｖhsは送信器１における送信電圧、Ｖdrは受信器１０における受信電圧、Ｚｄは受信器１０の入力インピーダンスを表している。尚、送信電圧Ｖhsはデータ送信手段により信号電流が一定になるように定電流制御される。
特開２００１−７７７３５号公報 Here, FIG. 9 shows an equivalent circuit in a state where the person H wearing the transmitter 1 is touching the reception electrode 11 of the receiver 10 with his / her finger. 9, Z1 is the impedance component of the human body H between the first electrode 2 and the second electrode 3 of the transmitter 1, and Z2 is the second electrode 3 of the transmitter 1 and the reception electrode 11 of the receiver 10. Z3 is the impedance component of the human body H between the first electrode 2 of the transmitter 1 and the earth ground, and Z4 is the impedance at the interface between the first electrode 2 of the transmitter 1 and the human body H. The component Z5 represents an impedance component at the interface between the second electrode 3 of the transmitter 1 and the human body H, and Z6 represents an impedance component at the interface between the reception electrode 11 of the receiver 10 and the human body H. Further, since the AC signal transmitted from the transmitter 1 to the receiver 10 is capacitively coupled between the earth ground and between the earth earth and the human body H, the capacitance components are represented by Z7 and Z8, respectively. . Further, Vhs represents a transmission voltage in the transmitter 1, Vdr represents a reception voltage in the receiver 10, and Zd represents an input impedance of the receiver 10. The transmission voltage Vhs is constant current controlled by the data transmission means so that the signal current becomes constant.
JP 2001-77735 A

ところで図９の等価回路によれば、送信器１の送信電圧ＶhsはＺ４及びＺ５のインピーダンス成分によって減衰するから、これらのインピーダンス成分Ｚ４，Ｚ５が大きくなると定電流制御により送信電圧Ｖhsが上昇する。しかしながら、送信電圧Ｖhsには送信器１の供給電源（例えば、電池）によって決まる上限値が存在し、送信電圧Ｖhsがその上限値を超えてしまうと送信器１と受信器１０の間の信号伝送が不安定になり、最悪の場合には送信器１から送信されるデータが受信器１０で受信できなくなってしまう虞があった。   By the way, according to the equivalent circuit of FIG. 9, the transmission voltage Vhs of the transmitter 1 is attenuated by the impedance components of Z4 and Z5. Therefore, when these impedance components Z4 and Z5 increase, the transmission voltage Vhs increases by constant current control. However, the transmission voltage Vhs has an upper limit value determined by the power supply (for example, battery) of the transmitter 1, and signal transmission between the transmitter 1 and the receiver 10 when the transmission voltage Vhs exceeds the upper limit value. Becomes unstable, and in the worst case, data transmitted from the transmitter 1 may not be received by the receiver 10.

本発明は上記事情に鑑みて為されたものであり、その目的は、送信器と受信器の間の信号伝送を安定させ、受信器でデータ受信ができなくなることを防止したデータ通信装置を提供することにある。   The present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and an object of the present invention is to provide a data communication apparatus that stabilizes signal transmission between a transmitter and a receiver and prevents the receiver from receiving data. There is to do.

請求項１の発明は、上記目的を達成するために、信号伝送路として人体を利用するデータ通信装置であって、人体に装着される送信器と、送信器から送信されるデータを受信するとともに当該データを利用する外部機器にデータを伝送する受信器とで構成され、送信器は、人体に接触する第１及び第２の電極と、第１及び第２の電極間に信号電圧を印加してデータを送信するデータ送信手段と、第１の電極、第２の電極並びにデータ送信手段を保持する送信器本体とを具備し、受信器は、人体が接触する受信電極と、人体を介して受信電極に印加される信号電圧を受けてデータを受信するデータ受信手段とを具備するデータ通信装置において、送信器と受信器の間の信号伝送を安定化する信号伝送安定化手段を備えたことを特徴とする。   In order to achieve the above object, the invention of claim 1 is a data communication device that uses a human body as a signal transmission path, and receives a transmitter attached to the human body and data transmitted from the transmitter. The transmitter is configured by a receiver that transmits data to an external device that uses the data. The transmitter applies a signal voltage between the first and second electrodes that are in contact with the human body and the first and second electrodes. Data transmitting means for transmitting data, and a transmitter main body for holding the first electrode, the second electrode and the data transmitting means, and the receiver includes a receiving electrode with which the human body contacts, and a human body via the human body A data communication apparatus comprising a data receiving means for receiving data by receiving a signal voltage applied to a receiving electrode, comprising a signal transmission stabilizing means for stabilizing signal transmission between a transmitter and a receiver. It is characterized by.

この発明によれば、信号伝送安定化手段によって送信器と受信器の間の信号伝送を安定化させて受信器でデータ受信ができなくなることが防止できる。   According to the present invention, the signal transmission stabilizing means stabilizes the signal transmission between the transmitter and the receiver, thereby preventing the receiver from receiving data.

請求項２の発明は、請求項１の発明において、前記信号安定化手段は、送信器本体より突出し先端に第１及び第２の電極を保持する保持部からなることを特徴とする。   According to a second aspect of the present invention, in the first aspect of the invention, the signal stabilization means includes a holding portion that protrudes from the transmitter body and holds the first and second electrodes at the tip.

この発明によれば、保持部によって第１及び第２の電極を送信器本体から離すことにより、送信器の第１の電極と人体との界面におけるインピーダンス成分と、送信器の第２の電極と人体との界面におけるインピーダンス成分とを減少させて信号電圧の減衰を抑制して信号伝送が安定化できる。   According to the present invention, the first and second electrodes are separated from the transmitter main body by the holding unit, whereby the impedance component at the interface between the first electrode of the transmitter and the human body, the second electrode of the transmitter, Signal transmission can be stabilized by reducing the impedance component at the interface with the human body to suppress the attenuation of the signal voltage.

請求項３の発明は、請求項２の発明において、前記保持部の送信器本体からの突出距離を０．８〜１ｍｍとしたことを特徴とする。   The invention of claim 3 is characterized in that, in the invention of claim 2, the protruding distance of the holding portion from the transmitter body is 0.8 to 1 mm.

この発明によれば、保持部の突出距離を抑えつつ信号伝送の安定化が図れる。   According to this invention, signal transmission can be stabilized while suppressing the protruding distance of the holding portion.

請求項４の発明は、請求項１の発明において、前記信号安定化手段は、人体との接触面が人体の方へ凸となる曲面形状に形成された第１又は第２の電極の少なくとも何れか一方と、曲面形状に形成された当該電極を人体に押圧する押圧部とからなることを特徴とする。   According to a fourth aspect of the present invention, in the first aspect of the present invention, the signal stabilizing means includes at least one of a first electrode and a second electrode formed in a curved shape in which a contact surface with the human body is convex toward the human body. It consists of either of these and the press part which presses the said electrode formed in the curved surface shape to a human body.

この発明によれば、送信器の第１の電極と人体との界面におけるインピーダンス成分と、送信器の第２の電極と人体との界面におけるインピーダンス成分とを減少させて信号電圧の減衰を抑制して信号伝送が安定化できる。   According to the present invention, the impedance component at the interface between the first electrode of the transmitter and the human body and the impedance component at the interface between the second electrode of the transmitter and the human body are reduced to suppress attenuation of the signal voltage. Signal transmission can be stabilized.

請求項５の発明は、請求項４の発明において、前記押圧部は、およそ５８８ニュートン毎平方メートル以上の圧力で押圧可能であることを特徴とする。   The invention of claim 5 is characterized in that, in the invention of claim 4, the pressing portion can be pressed with a pressure of about 588 Newtons per square meter or more.

請求項６の発明は、請求項１の発明において、第１及び第２の電極を人体の指に接触させることを特徴とする。   The invention of claim 6 is characterized in that, in the invention of claim 1, the first and second electrodes are brought into contact with a human finger.

この発明によれば、第１の電極と第２の電極の間における人体のインピーダンス成分が大きくなるとともに、送信器の第２の電極と受信器の受信電極の間における人体のインピーダンス成分が小さくなって受信器における受信電圧が増大し、結果的にＳ／Ｎ比の向上が図れる。   According to the present invention, the impedance component of the human body between the first electrode and the second electrode increases, and the impedance component of the human body between the second electrode of the transmitter and the reception electrode of the receiver decreases. As a result, the reception voltage at the receiver increases, and as a result, the S / N ratio can be improved.

請求項７の発明は、請求項１の発明において、絶縁材料からなるフィルムで受信電極の少なくとも一部を覆うことを特徴とする。   The invention of claim 7 is characterized in that, in the invention of claim 1, at least a part of the receiving electrode is covered with a film made of an insulating material.

この発明によれば、受信電極を覆うフィルムで人体から受信器へのノイズの伝搬を阻止してＳ／Ｎ比の向上が図れる。   According to the present invention, it is possible to improve the S / N ratio by preventing the propagation of noise from the human body to the receiver with the film covering the receiving electrode.

本発明によれば、信号伝送安定化手段によって送信器と受信器の間の信号伝送を安定化させて受信器でデータ受信ができなくなることが防止できるという効果がある。   According to the present invention, there is an effect that it is possible to prevent signal reception between the transmitter and the receiver by the signal transmission stabilizing means and prevent the receiver from receiving data.

以下、本発明を実施形態により詳細に説明する。但し、実施形態の基本構成は従来例と共通であるから、共通の構成要素には同一の符号を付して適宜図示並びに説明を省略する。   Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail. However, since the basic configuration of the embodiment is the same as that of the conventional example, the same components are denoted by the same reference numerals, and illustration and description thereof are omitted as appropriate.

（実施形態１）
従来技術で説明したように送信器１の第１及び第２の電極２，３と人体Ｈとの界面におけるインピーダンス成分、すなわち第１及び第２の電極２，３と人体Ｈとの接触抵抗Ｚ４，Ｚ５が大きくなると信号伝送が不安定になるから、信号伝送を安定化するためにはこれらのインピーダンス成分（接触抵抗）Ｚ４，Ｚ５を減少させる必要がある。 (Embodiment 1)
As described in the prior art, the impedance component at the interface between the first and second electrodes 2 and 3 of the transmitter 1 and the human body H, that is, the contact resistance Z4 between the first and second electrodes 2 and 3 and the human body H. , Z5 becomes large, signal transmission becomes unstable. Therefore, in order to stabilize signal transmission, it is necessary to reduce these impedance components (contact resistance) Z4, Z5.

そこで本実施形態では、図１に示すように送信器本体４より突出し先端に第１及び第２の電極２，３を保持する一対の保持部５が設けてある。一対の保持部５は送信器本体４の人体Ｈに対向する面に離間して突設されており、その先端面に第１及び第２の電極２，３が接着等の適宜方法で固定されている。尚、図示は省略しているが、送信器本体４には寸法調整が可能なベルトが設けられ、このベルトを人体Ｈの腕や手首等に巻回することで送信器１が人体Ｈに装着されるようになっている。さらにベルトの長さを変えることで第１及び第２の電極２，３が人体Ｈに押圧される圧力が調整可能であり、このベルトが第１及び第２の電極２，３を人体Ｈに押圧する押圧部となっている。   Therefore, in the present embodiment, as shown in FIG. 1, a pair of holding portions 5 that protrude from the transmitter body 4 and hold the first and second electrodes 2 and 3 are provided at the tips. The pair of holding portions 5 are provided so as to project apart from the surface of the transmitter body 4 facing the human body H, and the first and second electrodes 2 and 3 are fixed to the front end surfaces thereof by an appropriate method such as adhesion. ing. Although not shown, the transmitter body 4 is provided with a belt whose dimensions can be adjusted. The transmitter 1 is attached to the human body H by winding the belt around the arm or wrist of the human body H. It has come to be. Furthermore, the pressure by which the first and second electrodes 2 and 3 are pressed against the human body H can be adjusted by changing the length of the belt, and this belt allows the first and second electrodes 2 and 3 to be applied to the human body H. It is a pressing part to press.

ここで、送信器本体４から保持部５の先端までの突出距離（以下、単に「距離」という）Ｌを変えながら、第１及び第２の電極２，３が人体Ｈに押圧される圧力と、送信器１の第１及び第２の電極２，３間における人体Ｈのインピーダンス成分Ｚ１及びＺ４，Ｚ５の合成インピーダンスＺ（＝Ｚ１＋Ｚ４＋Ｚ５）との関係を調べる実験を行ったので、その結果を図２に示す。図２における横軸は第１及び第２の電極２，３が人体Ｈに押圧される圧力［Ｎ／ｍ2］、縦軸は合成インピーダンスＺ［Ω］を示し、距離Ｌがそれぞれ０ｍｍ、０．５ｍｍ、１ｍｍ、１．５ｍｍのときの測定値を◇、□、△、○で示している。第１及び第２の電極２，３間における人体Ｈのインピーダンス成分Ｚ１は距離Ｌに関わらず一定と考えられるので、図２の結果からは距離Ｌを大きくするほど合成インピーダンスＺ、すなわち、接触抵抗Ｚ４，Ｚ５が減少することが判る。 Here, the pressure at which the first and second electrodes 2, 3 are pressed against the human body H while changing the protruding distance (hereinafter simply referred to as “distance”) L from the transmitter body 4 to the tip of the holding unit 5. An experiment was conducted to examine the relationship between the impedance components Z1 and Z4 and Z5 of the human body H between the first and second electrodes 2 and 3 of the transmitter 1, and the results are shown in FIG. It is shown in 2. In FIG. 2, the horizontal axis indicates the pressure [N / m 2 ] at which the first and second electrodes 2 and 3 are pressed against the human body H, the vertical axis indicates the combined impedance Z [Ω], and the distance L is 0 mm and 0, respectively. The measured values at .5 mm, 1 mm, and 1.5 mm are indicated by ◇, □, Δ, and ○. Since the impedance component Z1 of the human body H between the first and second electrodes 2 and 3 is considered to be constant regardless of the distance L, from the result of FIG. It can be seen that Z4 and Z5 decrease.

一方、送信器１の使用状況を考慮すれば、送信器本体４から保持部５の先端までの距離Ｌが大きすぎることは問題である。そこで、第１及び第２の電極２，３が人体Ｈに押圧される圧力の標準値が略２９４〜５８８［Ｎ／ｍ2］であり、その中間値である４４１［Ｎ／ｍ2］の圧力において距離Ｌを０．５ｍｍ〜１．１ｍｍの範囲で変化させたときの合成インピーダンスＺ［Ω］を調べた結果を図３に示す。図３から明らかなように、距離Ｌが０．８〜１ｍｍであれば距離Ｌ＝１．５ｍｍと同程度の合成インピーダンスＺ（接触抵抗Ｚ４，Ｚ５）が得られることが判った。 On the other hand, considering the usage status of the transmitter 1, it is a problem that the distance L from the transmitter body 4 to the tip of the holding portion 5 is too large. Therefore, the standard value of the pressure with which the first and second electrodes 2 and 3 are pressed against the human body H is approximately 294 to 588 [N / m 2 ], and the intermediate value thereof is 441 [N / m 2 ]. FIG. 3 shows the result of examining the synthetic impedance Z [Ω] when the distance L is changed in the pressure range from 0.5 mm to 1.1 mm. As is apparent from FIG. 3, it was found that when the distance L is 0.8 to 1 mm, a synthetic impedance Z (contact resistance Z4, Z5) comparable to the distance L = 1.5 mm can be obtained.

従って、突出距離Ｌを０．８〜１ｍｍとした保持部５を送信器本体４に設けて保持部５の先端に第１及び第２の電極２，３を保持させることにより、従来例に比較してインピーダンス成分（接触抵抗）Ｚ４，Ｚ５を減少させて送信器１と受信器１０の間の信号伝送を安定化させることができ、その結果、受信器１０でデータ受信ができなくなることが防止できるものである。   Accordingly, the holding unit 5 having a protrusion distance L of 0.8 to 1 mm is provided in the transmitter body 4 and the first and second electrodes 2 and 3 are held at the tip of the holding unit 5, thereby comparing with the conventional example. Thus, impedance components (contact resistance) Z4 and Z5 can be reduced to stabilize signal transmission between the transmitter 1 and the receiver 10, and as a result, it is possible to prevent the receiver 10 from receiving data. It can be done.

ところで、送信器１の第１及び第２の電極２，３を銅箔（幅５ｍｍ、長さ４０ｍｍ）で形成した場合、並びに銅線（直径４ｍｍ、長さ４０ｍｍ）で形成した場合における合成インピーダンスＺと第１及び第２の電極２，３が人体Ｈに押圧される圧力との関係を調べた結果を図４に示す。但し、図４においては●が銅箔の場合、□が銅線の場合をそれぞれ示している。図４から明らかなように、圧力が５８８「Ｎ／ｍ2］以上であれば、銅線の場合の方が合成インピーダンスＺ（接触抵抗Ｚ４，Ｚ５）が小さくなっている。すなわち、第１及び第２の電極２，３を人体Ｈとの接触面が人体Ｈの方へ凸となる曲面形状に形成する方が、銅箔のような平面形状の場合に比較して接触抵抗Ｚ４，Ｚ５が減少して信号伝送の安定化に有利であることが判る。 By the way, when the first and second electrodes 2 and 3 of the transmitter 1 are formed of copper foil (width 5 mm, length 40 mm) and composite impedance when formed of copper wire (diameter 4 mm, length 40 mm). The result of examining the relationship between Z and the pressure with which the first and second electrodes 2 and 3 are pressed against the human body H is shown in FIG. However, in FIG. 4, the case where ● is a copper foil and the case where □ is a copper wire is shown. As apparent from FIG. 4, if the pressure is 588 "N / m 2] or more, towards the case of the copper wire composite impedance Z (contact resistance Z4, Z5) is small. That is, the first and When the second electrodes 2 and 3 are formed in a curved shape in which the contact surface with the human body H is convex toward the human body H, the contact resistances Z4 and Z5 are smaller than in the case of a planar shape such as a copper foil. It can be seen that the decrease is advantageous for stabilization of signal transmission.

尚、本実施形態で示した何れの電極２，３の形態においても、人体Ｈに沿うように若干湾曲している形状（例えば、腕や手首に巻回する方向に電極の長手方向が湾曲する形状）とすれば、人体Ｈへの密着度が高くなって接触抵抗Ｚ４，Ｚ５の減少に寄与し、装着感も向上するという利点がある。   In any of the forms of the electrodes 2 and 3 shown in the present embodiment, the electrode is slightly curved along the human body H (for example, the longitudinal direction of the electrode is curved in the direction wound around the arm or wrist). Shape), there is an advantage that the degree of adhesion to the human body H is increased, contributing to the reduction of the contact resistances Z4 and Z5, and the wearing feeling is also improved.

（実施形態２）
本発明に係るデータ通信装置では、輻射ノイズや電灯線からの伝導ノイズの影響で信号伝送のＳ／Ｎ比が低下してしまう虞がある。図９に示した等価回路によれば、Ｓ／Ｎ比を向上するためには、第１の電極２と第２の電極３の間における人体Ｈのインピーダンス成分Ｚ１を大きくする、若しくは送信器１の第２の電極３と受信器１０の受信電極１１の間における人体Ｈのインピーダンス成分Ｚ２を小さくする、といった対処が有効である。すなわち、インピーダンス成分Ｚ１を大きくすることにより受信電圧Ｖdrが増大してＳ／Ｎ比が向上し、インピーダンス成分Ｚ２を小さくすることでも受信電圧Ｖdrが増大してＳ／Ｎ比が向上するのである。 (Embodiment 2)
In the data communication apparatus according to the present invention, there is a possibility that the S / N ratio of signal transmission may be reduced due to the influence of radiation noise or conduction noise from a power line. According to the equivalent circuit shown in FIG. 9, in order to improve the S / N ratio, the impedance component Z1 of the human body H between the first electrode 2 and the second electrode 3 is increased, or the transmitter 1 It is effective to reduce the impedance component Z2 of the human body H between the second electrode 3 and the reception electrode 11 of the receiver 10. That is, increasing the impedance component Z1 increases the reception voltage Vdr and improves the S / N ratio, and decreasing the impedance component Z2 also increases the reception voltage Vdr and improves the S / N ratio.

そこで、第１及び第２の電極２，３（例えば、日本光電工業株式会社製のディスポ電極）を指と手首にそれぞれ距離Ｒだけ離して接触させたときのインピーダンス成分Ｚ１を調べたところ、図５に示すような結果が得られた。但し、◆が指、■が手首の場合をそれぞれ表している。ここで各距離Ｒの測定点を結ぶ直線の傾きが単位長さ当たりのＺ１に相当し、図５からその傾きを求めると手首では１．４６［Ω／ｍｍ］、指では９．８８［Ω／ｍｍ］であった。従って、第１及び第２の電極２，３を指に接触させることにより、受信器１０における受信電圧Ｖdrを増大させてＳ／Ｎ比の向上が図れることになる。   Accordingly, when the first and second electrodes 2 and 3 (for example, disposable electrodes manufactured by Nihon Kohden Co., Ltd.) are brought into contact with the finger and the wrist by a distance R, the impedance component Z1 is examined. The results as shown in 5 were obtained. However, ◆ indicates a finger and ■ indicates a wrist. Here, the slope of the straight line connecting the measurement points of each distance R corresponds to Z1 per unit length. When the slope is obtained from FIG. 5, it is 1.46 [Ω / mm] for the wrist and 9.88 [Ω for the finger. / Mm]. Therefore, by bringing the first and second electrodes 2 and 3 into contact with the finger, the reception voltage Vdr in the receiver 10 is increased, and the S / N ratio can be improved.

一方、インピーダンス成分Ｚ２を小さくするには、送信器１の第２の電極３と受信器１０の受信電極１１との距離を近付ければよく、これは第２の電極３を人体Ｈの指に接触させることで実現可能である。   On the other hand, in order to reduce the impedance component Z2, the distance between the second electrode 3 of the transmitter 1 and the reception electrode 11 of the receiver 10 may be reduced. This is because the second electrode 3 is placed on the finger of the human body H. This can be achieved by bringing them into contact.

上述のように送信器１の第１及び第２の電極２，３を人体Ｈの指に接触させる構成とすれば、インピーダンス成分Ｚ１を大きくするとともにインピーダンス成分Ｚ２を小さくしてＳ／Ｎ比の向上が図れるものである。尚、第１の電極２と第２の電極３との距離を例えば指の長さ程度確保すれば、インピーダンス成分Ｚ１がその距離に比例して増加するので、Ｓ／Ｎ比の一層の向上が図れる。   If the first and second electrodes 2 and 3 of the transmitter 1 are in contact with the finger of the human body H as described above, the impedance component Z1 is increased and the impedance component Z2 is decreased to reduce the S / N ratio. It can be improved. If the distance between the first electrode 2 and the second electrode 3 is secured, for example, about the length of the finger, the impedance component Z1 increases in proportion to the distance, so that the S / N ratio is further improved. I can plan.

また、絶縁材料からなるフィルムで受信電極１１の少なくとも一部を覆うことによってもＳ／Ｎ比の向上が図れる。例えば、ＰＥＴ（ポリエチレン・テレフタレート）等の絶縁材料で形成されたフィルムで受信電極１１の表面を覆い、図６に示すように人体Ｈから距離Ｋだけ離れた位置に輻射ノイズを発生する照明器具Ｍを設置した状態で、送信器１と受信器１０の通信可能限界における距離Ｋをフィルムの有無及びフィルムの厚みを変えて調べたところ、フィルム無しの場合の距離Ｋが１７ｃｍであったのに対し、厚みが５０［μｍ］のフィルムで覆った場合の距離Ｋは６ｃｍ、厚みが１００［μｍ］のフィルムで覆った場合の距離Ｋは０ｃｍであり、受信電極１１をフィルムで覆うことによって輻射ノイズに対するＳ／Ｎ比の向上が図れ、フィルムの厚みを厚くするほどＳ／Ｎ比の向上効果が高くなることが判った。   The S / N ratio can also be improved by covering at least a part of the receiving electrode 11 with a film made of an insulating material. For example, a lighting fixture M that covers the surface of the receiving electrode 11 with a film formed of an insulating material such as PET (polyethylene terephthalate) and generates radiation noise at a position separated from the human body H by a distance K as shown in FIG. When the distance K at the communicable limit between the transmitter 1 and the receiver 10 was examined by changing the presence or absence of the film and the thickness of the film, the distance K without the film was 17 cm. The distance K when covered with a film with a thickness of 50 [μm] is 6 cm, the distance K when covered with a film with a thickness of 100 [μm] is 0 cm, and the receiving electrode 11 is covered with the film to radiate noise. It was found that the S / N ratio can be improved, and the effect of improving the S / N ratio increases as the film thickness increases.

さらに、人体Ｈと照明器具Ｍの距離Ｋを１７ｃｍに固定した状態でフィルム無し、５０［μｍ］のフィルム有り、１００［μｍ］のフィルム有り、のそれぞれの場合について受信器１０における受信信号の波形を計測した結果を図７（ａ）〜（ｃ）にそれぞれ示す。但し、図７（ａ）〜（ｃ）における縦軸の目盛りは（ａ）が一番大きく、（ｃ）が一番小さくなっている。図７より明らかなように、受信電極１１をフィルムで覆うことによってノイズ成分が減少していることが判る。すなわち、受信電極１１を覆うフィルムで人体Ｈから受信器１０へのノイズの伝搬が阻止される一方、送信器１から受信器１０に送信されるデータ信号が人体Ｈと受信電極１１の接触点だけでなく空間を通しても伝搬されることからデータ信号の減衰が抑えられるために、Ｓ／Ｎ比が向上すると考えられる。   Furthermore, the waveform of the received signal in the receiver 10 in each of the cases of no film, 50 [μm] film, and 100 [μm] film with the distance K between the human body H and the lighting apparatus M fixed at 17 cm. The results of measuring are shown in FIGS. However, the scale on the vertical axis in FIGS. 7A to 7C is the largest in (a) and the smallest in (c). As can be seen from FIG. 7, the noise component is reduced by covering the receiving electrode 11 with a film. That is, while the film covering the receiving electrode 11 prevents the propagation of noise from the human body H to the receiver 10, the data signal transmitted from the transmitter 1 to the receiver 10 is only the contact point between the human body H and the receiving electrode 11. It is considered that the S / N ratio is improved because the attenuation of the data signal is suppressed because it is propagated through the space as well.

本発明の実施形態１における送信器の平面図である。It is a top view of the transmitter in Embodiment 1 of the present invention. 同上の動作説明図である。It is operation | movement explanatory drawing same as the above. 同上の動作説明図である。It is operation | movement explanatory drawing same as the above. 同上の動作説明図である。It is operation | movement explanatory drawing same as the above. 実施形態２の動作説明図である。FIG. 9 is an operation explanatory diagram of the second embodiment. 同上の動作説明図である。It is operation | movement explanatory drawing same as the above. 同上の動作説明図である。It is operation | movement explanatory drawing same as the above. 従来例の模式図である。It is a schematic diagram of a prior art example. 同上の等価回路図である。It is an equivalent circuit diagram same as the above.

符号の説明Explanation of symbols

１ 送信器
２ 第１の電極
３ 第２の電極
４ 送信器本体
５ 保持部
１０ 受信器
１１ 受信電極
Ｈ 人体 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Transmitter 2 1st electrode 3 2nd electrode 4 Transmitter main body 5 Holding part 10 Receiver 11 Reception electrode H Human body

Claims (7)

信号伝送路として人体を利用するデータ通信装置であって、人体に装着される送信器と、送信器から送信されるデータを受信するとともに当該データを利用する外部機器にデータを伝送する受信器とで構成され、送信器は、人体に接触する第１及び第２の電極と、第１及び第２の電極間に信号電圧を印加してデータを送信するデータ送信手段と、第１の電極、第２の電極並びにデータ送信手段を保持する送信器本体とを具備し、受信器は、人体が接触する受信電極と、人体を介して受信電極に印加される信号電圧を受けてデータを受信するデータ受信手段とを具備するデータ通信装置において、送信器と受信器の間の信号伝送を安定化する信号伝送安定化手段を備えたことを特徴とするデータ通信装置。   A data communication device using a human body as a signal transmission path, a transmitter attached to the human body, a receiver that receives data transmitted from the transmitter and transmits the data to an external device that uses the data; The transmitter comprises: first and second electrodes that contact the human body; data transmission means for transmitting data by applying a signal voltage between the first and second electrodes; and the first electrode, A transmitter main body holding a second electrode and a data transmission means, and the receiver receives the data by receiving the reception electrode in contact with the human body and the signal voltage applied to the reception electrode through the human body. A data communication apparatus comprising a data receiving means, comprising: signal transmission stabilizing means for stabilizing signal transmission between a transmitter and a receiver. 前記信号安定化手段は、送信器本体より突出し先端に第１及び第２の電極を保持する保持部からなることを特徴とする請求項１記載のデータ通信装置。   2. The data communication apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the signal stabilization means includes a holding portion that protrudes from the transmitter body and holds the first and second electrodes at the tip. 前記保持部の送信器本体からの突出距離を０．８〜１ｍｍとしたことを特徴とする請求項２記載のデータ通信装置。   3. The data communication apparatus according to claim 2, wherein a protrusion distance of the holding unit from the transmitter main body is set to 0.8 to 1 mm. 前記信号安定化手段は、人体との接触面が人体の方へ凸となる曲面形状に形成された第１又は第２の電極の少なくとも何れか一方と、曲面形状に形成された当該電極を人体に押圧する押圧部とからなることを特徴とする請求項１記載のデータ通信装置。   The signal stabilizing means includes at least one of the first and second electrodes formed in a curved shape in which the contact surface with the human body is convex toward the human body, and the electrode formed in the curved shape. The data communication device according to claim 1, further comprising: a pressing portion that presses the head. 前記押圧部は、およそ５８８ニュートン毎平方メートル以上の圧力で押圧可能であることを特徴とする請求項４記載のデータ通信装置。   5. The data communication apparatus according to claim 4, wherein the pressing portion can be pressed with a pressure of about 588 Newtons per square meter or more. 第１及び第２の電極を人体の指に接触させることを特徴とする請求項１記載のデータ通信装置。   2. The data communication apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the first and second electrodes are brought into contact with a human finger. 絶縁材料からなるフィルムで受信電極の少なくとも一部を覆うことを特徴とする請求項１記載のデータ通信装置。   2. The data communication apparatus according to claim 1, wherein at least a part of the receiving electrode is covered with a film made of an insulating material.
JP2003307751A 2003-08-29 2003-08-29 Data communication apparatus Pending JP2005079900A (en)

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Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
KR100799571B1 (en) 2006-06-20 2008-01-30 한국전자통신연구원 Communication device and method using human body
WO2008136578A1 (en) * 2007-05-02 2008-11-13 Electronics And Telecommunications Research Institute Apparatus and method for controlling human body contact of ground electrode, and human body communication system using the same
JP2011223091A (en) * 2010-04-05 2011-11-04 Nippon Telegr & Teleph Corp <Ntt> Electrode and electrode structure
KR101412172B1 (en) 2007-09-06 2014-06-25 삼성전자주식회사 Apparatus and method for connection using human body communication in mobile communication system
JP2015115827A (en) * 2013-12-12 2015-06-22 パナソニック株式会社 Human body communication device
US9320433B2 (en) 2013-08-01 2016-04-26 Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba Living body detection sensor, communication apparatus having living body detection sensor, metal detection sensor

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
KR100799571B1 (en) 2006-06-20 2008-01-30 한국전자통신연구원 Communication device and method using human body
WO2008136578A1 (en) * 2007-05-02 2008-11-13 Electronics And Telecommunications Research Institute Apparatus and method for controlling human body contact of ground electrode, and human body communication system using the same
US8606177B2 (en) 2007-05-02 2013-12-10 Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. Apparatus and method for controlling human body contact of ground electrode, and human body communication system using the same
KR101412172B1 (en) 2007-09-06 2014-06-25 삼성전자주식회사 Apparatus and method for connection using human body communication in mobile communication system
JP2011223091A (en) * 2010-04-05 2011-11-04 Nippon Telegr & Teleph Corp <Ntt> Electrode and electrode structure
US9320433B2 (en) 2013-08-01 2016-04-26 Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba Living body detection sensor, communication apparatus having living body detection sensor, metal detection sensor
JP2015115827A (en) * 2013-12-12 2015-06-22 パナソニック株式会社 Human body communication device

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