JP2005042973A - Gas turbine with swirl type combustor - Google Patents

Gas turbine with swirl type combustor Download PDF

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JP2005042973A
JP2005042973A JP2003277276A JP2003277276A JP2005042973A JP 2005042973 A JP2005042973 A JP 2005042973A JP 2003277276 A JP2003277276 A JP 2003277276A JP 2003277276 A JP2003277276 A JP 2003277276A JP 2005042973 A JP2005042973 A JP 2005042973A
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combustor
turbine
gas turbine
gas
circumferential direction
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Yukio Otsuki
幸雄 大槻
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Kawasaki Heavy Industries Ltd
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Kawasaki Heavy Industries Ltd
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Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a gas turbine with an efficient and miniaturized swirl type combustor. <P>SOLUTION: A compressor 2, the combustor 3 and a turbine 4 are provided. The combustor 3 is structured by arranging a plurality of inner cylinders 21 forming a combustion chamber 22 along the circumferential direction of the gas turbine 1. Each of the inner cylinders 21 is arranged along the circumferential direction to discharge the combustion gas G, and the combustion gas G discharged from the plurality of inner cylinders 21 is led to the turbine 4, while swirling in the circumferential direction. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2005,JPO&NCIPI

Description

本発明は、円周方向に沿って複数の内筒を配置して燃焼ガスを旋回させる旋回流型燃焼器を備えたガスタービンに関する。   The present invention relates to a gas turbine including a swirl type combustor that arranges a plurality of inner cylinders along a circumferential direction to swirl combustion gas.

ガスタービンの従来の多缶型燃焼器は、ガスタービンのほぼ軸心方向に向く姿勢とした燃焼器を周方向に複数並べて配置している(例えば特許文献1)。
特開2001−317577号公報
A conventional multi-can combustor of a gas turbine has a plurality of combustors arranged in a circumferential direction in a posture that faces substantially the axial direction of the gas turbine (for example, Patent Document 1).
JP 2001-317577 A

しかし、このような構成のガスタービンでは、各燃焼器からタービンのノズルへ送られる燃焼ガスの温度を、タービンノズルの周方向に沿って均一にできないので、局所的に高温となる温度を上限として燃焼ガスの温度を制限しなければならず、高効率化および大出力化のネックの一つとなっている。また、各燃焼器がガスタービンの略軸心方向に向く姿勢とされているので、圧縮機から燃焼器に送られる圧縮空気は、ほぼ180°転向して内筒の先端部に向かい、そこからさらに180°転向して内筒内に入るから、つまり180°の転向が2回生じるから、そのターニングロスにより効率低下を招く。さらに、上記燃焼器の姿勢により、ガスタービン全体の軸長が長くなって、コンパクト化の妨げとなる。   However, in such a gas turbine, the temperature of the combustion gas sent from each combustor to the turbine nozzle cannot be made uniform along the circumferential direction of the turbine nozzle. The temperature of the combustion gas has to be limited, which is one of the bottlenecks for higher efficiency and higher output. In addition, since each combustor is oriented in a substantially axial direction of the gas turbine, the compressed air sent from the compressor to the combustor turns almost 180 ° toward the tip of the inner cylinder and from there Further, since turning in 180 ° and entering the inner cylinder, that is, turning in 180 ° occurs twice, the turning loss causes a reduction in efficiency. Furthermore, the axial length of the gas turbine as a whole becomes longer due to the attitude of the combustor, which hinders downsizing.

本発明は、以上の事情に鑑みてなされたもので、高効率でコンパクト化の可能な旋回流型燃焼器を備えたガスタービンを提供することを目的とする。   The present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and an object thereof is to provide a gas turbine including a swirl type combustor that is highly efficient and can be made compact.

上記目的を達成するために、本発明に係る旋回流型燃焼器を備えたガスタービンは、燃焼器が、燃焼室を形成する内筒をガスタービンの円周方向に沿って複数配置してなり、前記各内筒が、前記円周方向に沿って燃焼ガスを排出するように配置されている。この構成によれば、燃焼器からタービン入口のタービンノズルに流入する燃焼ガスの温度を、ノズルの全周にわたって均一化できる。その結果、燃焼ガスの温度を従来と比べて高く設定でき、それだけガスタービンの効率および出力を向上させることができる。また、燃焼器の各内筒を、ガスタービンの軸心に対して垂直な向きに配置できるので、圧縮機から内筒に送られる圧縮空気は、まず90°転向して内筒の先端部に向かい、180°転向して内筒内に入り、さらに90°転向してタービンノズルに向かう。したがって、ターニングロスの小さい90°転向は2回あるが、ターニングロスの大きい180°の転向が一回のみとなるから、全体としてターンニングロスによる効率および出力の低下を低減できる。   In order to achieve the above object, a gas turbine equipped with a swirl type combustor according to the present invention comprises a combustor having a plurality of inner cylinders forming a combustion chamber arranged along a circumferential direction of the gas turbine. The inner cylinders are disposed so as to discharge combustion gas along the circumferential direction. According to this configuration, the temperature of the combustion gas flowing from the combustor into the turbine nozzle at the turbine inlet can be made uniform over the entire circumference of the nozzle. As a result, the temperature of the combustion gas can be set higher than in the prior art, and the efficiency and output of the gas turbine can be improved accordingly. In addition, since each inner cylinder of the combustor can be arranged in a direction perpendicular to the axis of the gas turbine, the compressed air sent from the compressor to the inner cylinder is first turned 90 ° to the tip of the inner cylinder. Heading, turning 180 ° into the inner cylinder, turning 90 ° toward the turbine nozzle. Therefore, although there are two 90 ° turnings with a small turning loss, there is only one turning at 180 ° with a large turning loss, so the overall reduction in efficiency and output due to turning loss can be reduced.

上記構成において、前記燃焼器は、前記複数の内筒から排出された燃焼ガスを前記円周方向に旋回させながら前記タービンへ導く旋回ダクトを有するものであることが好ましい。この構成によれば、燃焼器からタービン4の入口の円筒状のノズルに流入する燃焼ガスの温度を、ノズルの全周にわたってより一層均一化できる。さらに、各内筒がガスタービンの円周方向に向いた姿勢であるから、燃焼器のガスタービン軸心方向長さを、従来の多缶型燃焼器に比べて小さくできる。   The said structure WHEREIN: It is preferable that the said combustor has a turning duct which guide | induces to the said turbine, turning the combustion gas discharged | emitted from these inner cylinders in the said circumferential direction. According to this configuration, the temperature of the combustion gas flowing from the combustor into the cylindrical nozzle at the inlet of the turbine 4 can be made more uniform over the entire circumference of the nozzle. Further, since each inner cylinder is oriented in the circumferential direction of the gas turbine, the length of the combustor in the axial direction of the gas turbine can be made smaller than that of a conventional multi-can combustor.

本発明の一実施形態では、前記圧縮機、燃焼器およびタービンがガスタービンの軸心方向に並んで配置されている。この構成によれば、燃焼器をタービンの径方向外方に配置するタイプと比較してガスタービンの径方向寸法を小さくでき、他方、前述のとおり、ガスタービンの軸長は従来の多缶型に比べて短くできるから、全体としてのコンパクト化が可能となる。   In one embodiment of the present invention, the compressor, the combustor, and the turbine are arranged side by side in the axial direction of the gas turbine. According to this configuration, the radial dimension of the gas turbine can be reduced as compared with the type in which the combustor is arranged radially outward of the turbine. On the other hand, as described above, the axial length of the gas turbine is the conventional multi-can type. Therefore, the overall size can be reduced.

以上のように、本発明の旋回流型燃焼器を備えたガスタービンによれば、燃焼器からタービンの入口の円筒状のノズルに流入する燃焼ガスの温度を、ノズルの全周にわたって均一化できることからタービン入口温度を上げることができるので、ガスタービンの効率および出力を向上させるとともに、圧縮空気のターンニングロスによる出力低下を低減でき、さらに、燃焼器のガスタービン軸心方向の長さを小さくできる。   As described above, according to the gas turbine equipped with the swirl type combustor of the present invention, the temperature of the combustion gas flowing from the combustor into the cylindrical nozzle at the inlet of the turbine can be made uniform over the entire circumference of the nozzle. Since the turbine inlet temperature can be increased from the above, the efficiency and output of the gas turbine can be improved, the output drop due to the turning loss of compressed air can be reduced, and the length of the combustor in the axial direction of the gas turbine can be reduced. it can.

以下、本発明の好適な実施形態について図面を参照しながら説明する。   Preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings.

図1は本発明の一実施形態に係る旋回流型燃焼器を備えたガスタービン1を示す一部破断した側面図である。同図において、ガスタービン1は、その軸心C方向に圧縮機2、燃焼器3およびタービン4をこれらの順に並べて構成され、圧縮機2で空気IAを圧縮して燃焼器3に導くとともに、ガスまたは液体燃料Fを、燃焼器3内に噴射して燃焼させ、その高温高圧の燃焼ガスGのエネルギによりタービン4を駆動するようにされている。このタービン4は圧縮機2を駆動するとともに、例えば発電機(図示せず)のような負荷を駆動する。   FIG. 1 is a partially cutaway side view showing a gas turbine 1 provided with a swirl type combustor according to an embodiment of the present invention. In the figure, a gas turbine 1 is configured by arranging a compressor 2, a combustor 3 and a turbine 4 in this order in the axial center C direction, and compresses the air IA with the compressor 2 and guides it to the combustor 3. Gas or liquid fuel F is injected into the combustor 3 and burned, and the turbine 4 is driven by the energy of the high-temperature and high-pressure combustion gas G. The turbine 4 drives the compressor 2 and also drives a load such as a generator (not shown).

前記圧縮機2として、軸流圧縮機を例示してある。この軸流圧縮機2は、回転軸12の外周面に配置された多数個の動翼13と、ハウジング14の内周面に複数段に配置された静翼15との組合せにより、吸気ダクト16から吸入した空気IAを圧縮して、その圧縮空気Aを環状に形成された車室17に送給する。   An example of the compressor 2 is an axial compressor. This axial flow compressor 2 includes an intake duct 16 by a combination of a large number of moving blades 13 disposed on the outer peripheral surface of the rotary shaft 12 and stationary blades 15 disposed in a plurality of stages on the inner peripheral surface of the housing 14. The air IA sucked from the air is compressed, and the compressed air A is supplied to the vehicle compartment 17 formed in an annular shape.

燃焼器3は、燃焼室22を形成する内筒21を環状の車室17の円周方向に沿って複数個(例えば4個)配置してなり、車室17内に送給された圧縮空気Aが、矢印a,bで示すように、内筒21内の燃焼室22に導入される。この燃焼器3は、前記各内筒21を、一部破断した正面図である図2に示すように、前記円周方向に沿って燃焼ガスGを排出するように配置した旋回流型燃焼器とされている。燃焼器3の外囲器を形成する燃焼器ハウジング20は、各内筒21を収納した突出部20aと、各突出部20aの先端を閉塞する蓋部20bとを有している。各蓋部20bに燃料ノズル23が設けられ、この燃料ノズル23から燃料Fが燃焼室22内に噴射され、この噴射された燃料Fが圧縮空気Aと混合されて燃焼し、その高温高圧の燃焼ガスGが、内筒21の下流側(燃焼ガスGの流れ方向の下流側)に排出される。すなわち、各内筒21は、ガスタービン1の軸心Cと同芯の仮想円に対する接線方向に向けてそれぞれ突出するように配置されている。   The combustor 3 includes a plurality of (for example, four) inner cylinders 21 forming the combustion chamber 22 along the circumferential direction of the annular casing 17, and the compressed air supplied into the casing 17. A is introduced into the combustion chamber 22 in the inner cylinder 21 as indicated by arrows a and b. This combustor 3 is a swirl type combustor arranged so as to discharge the combustion gas G along the circumferential direction as shown in FIG. 2 which is a partially cut front view of each inner cylinder 21. It is said that. The combustor housing 20 that forms the envelope of the combustor 3 includes a protruding portion 20a that houses each inner cylinder 21, and a lid portion 20b that closes the tip of each protruding portion 20a. Each lid 20b is provided with a fuel nozzle 23. Fuel F is injected from the fuel nozzle 23 into the combustion chamber 22, and the injected fuel F is mixed with the compressed air A and combusted. The gas G is discharged to the downstream side of the inner cylinder 21 (downstream side in the flow direction of the combustion gas G). That is, each inner cylinder 21 is disposed so as to protrude in a tangential direction with respect to a virtual circle concentric with the axis C of the gas turbine 1.

各内筒21の下流側はガスタービン1の軸心Cと同芯の環状の旋回ダクト26に接続され、各内筒21から排出された燃焼ガスGが、旋回ダクト26により前記円周方向に旋回しながら、タービンノズル30へ導かれ、さらに、図1のタービン4に導入される。タービンノズル30は、図2のように円筒状とされ、このタービンノズル30に対向するように前記旋回ダクト26が配置されている。   The downstream side of each inner cylinder 21 is connected to an annular swirling duct 26 concentric with the axis C of the gas turbine 1, and the combustion gas G discharged from each inner cylinder 21 is caused in the circumferential direction by the swirling duct 26. While turning, it is guided to the turbine nozzle 30 and further introduced into the turbine 4 of FIG. The turbine nozzle 30 has a cylindrical shape as shown in FIG. 2, and the swirl duct 26 is disposed so as to face the turbine nozzle 30.

このように、このガスタービン1では、その円周方向に沿って配置される燃焼器3の各内筒21が、前記円周方向に沿って燃焼ガスGを排出するように配置されているので、燃焼器3からタービン4の入口の円筒状のタービンノズル30に流入する燃焼ガスGの温度を、タービンノズル30の全周にわたって均一化できる。特に、複数の円筒21からの燃焼ガスGが旋回ダクト26内で混合されることにより、温度の均一化が一層促進される。このため、燃焼ガスGの温度、つまりタービン入口温度を従来例の場合に比べて高く設定でき、それだけガスタービン1の効率および出力を向上させることができる。   Thus, in this gas turbine 1, since each inner cylinder 21 of the combustor 3 arrange | positioned along the circumferential direction is arrange | positioned so that the combustion gas G may be discharged | emitted along the said circumferential direction. The temperature of the combustion gas G flowing from the combustor 3 into the cylindrical turbine nozzle 30 at the inlet of the turbine 4 can be made uniform over the entire circumference of the turbine nozzle 30. In particular, since the combustion gases G from the plurality of cylinders 21 are mixed in the swirl duct 26, the temperature can be more uniform. For this reason, the temperature of the combustion gas G, that is, the turbine inlet temperature can be set higher than in the conventional example, and the efficiency and output of the gas turbine 1 can be improved accordingly.

また、燃焼器3の各内筒21が、ガスタービン1の軸心Cに対して垂直な向きに配置されるので、圧縮機2から内筒21に送られる圧縮空気Aは、まず図1に示すように、車室17に入ってほぼ90°転向して内筒21の先端部に向かい、矢印aで示すようにほぼ180°転向して内筒21内に入る。内筒21内で圧縮空気Aと燃料Fが燃焼して燃焼ガスGとなり、ほぼ90°転向してタービンノズル30に導入される。ここで、ターニングロスの大きい180°の転向は1回のみであるから、180°の転向が2回含まれる従来の多缶型燃焼器に比べて、ターニングロスが小さくなる。その結果、ターニングロスによるガスタービン1の効率および出力の低下を抑制できる。さらに、前記各内筒21がガスタービン1の円周方向に向いた姿勢であるから、燃焼器3のガスタービン軸心C方向の長さが小さくなる。したがって、ガスタービン軸心C方向に圧縮機2、燃焼器3およびタービン4を並べて配置したガスタービン1の軸長を、従来の多缶型燃焼器を持つガスタービンに比べて短くでき、コンパクト化が可能となる。   In addition, since each inner cylinder 21 of the combustor 3 is arranged in a direction perpendicular to the axis C of the gas turbine 1, the compressed air A sent from the compressor 2 to the inner cylinder 21 is first shown in FIG. As shown, the vehicle enters the passenger compartment 17 and turns about 90 ° toward the tip of the inner cylinder 21, and turns around 180 ° and enters the inner cylinder 21 as shown by an arrow a. The compressed air A and the fuel F are combusted in the inner cylinder 21 to become a combustion gas G, which is turned approximately 90 ° and introduced into the turbine nozzle 30. Here, since the turning at 180 ° having a large turning loss is only once, the turning loss is smaller than that of a conventional multi-can combustor including two turnings at 180 °. As a result, it is possible to suppress a decrease in efficiency and output of the gas turbine 1 due to turning loss. Further, since the inner cylinders 21 are oriented in the circumferential direction of the gas turbine 1, the length of the combustor 3 in the direction of the gas turbine axis C is reduced. Therefore, the axial length of the gas turbine 1 in which the compressor 2, the combustor 3 and the turbine 4 are arranged side by side in the direction of the gas turbine axis C can be reduced as compared with a conventional gas turbine having a multi-can combustor. Is possible.

本発明の一実施形態に係る旋回流型燃焼器を備えたガスタービンを示す一部破断した概略側面図である。1 is a partially cutaway schematic side view showing a gas turbine including a swirl type combustor according to an embodiment of the present invention. 同ガスタービンにおける旋回流型燃焼器を示す一部破断した正面図である。It is the partially broken front view which shows the swirl type combustor in the gas turbine.

符号の説明Explanation of symbols

1 ガスタービン
2 圧縮機
3 燃焼器
4 タービン
20 燃焼器ハウジング
21 内筒
22 燃焼室
26 旋回ダクト
G 燃焼ガス
C ガスタービンの軸心
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Gas turbine 2 Compressor 3 Combustor 4 Turbine 20 Combustor housing 21 Inner cylinder 22 Combustion chamber 26 Swirling duct G Combustion gas C Gas turbine axis

Claims (3)

圧縮機、燃焼器およびタービンを備えたガスタービンにおいて、
前記燃焼器が、燃焼室を形成する内筒をガスタービンの円周方向に沿って複数配置してなり、
前記各内筒が、前記円周方向に沿って燃焼ガスを排出するように配置されている旋回流型燃焼器を備えたガスタービン。
In a gas turbine comprising a compressor, a combustor and a turbine,
The combustor comprises a plurality of inner cylinders forming a combustion chamber along the circumferential direction of the gas turbine,
A gas turbine comprising a swirl type combustor in which each of the inner cylinders is disposed so as to discharge combustion gas along the circumferential direction.
請求項1において、前記燃焼器が、前記複数の内筒から排出された燃焼ガスを前記円周方向に旋回させながら前記タービンへ導く旋回ダクトを有している旋回流型燃焼器を備えたガスタービン。   2. The gas according to claim 1, wherein the combustor includes a swirl type combustor having a swirl duct that guides the combustion gas discharged from the plurality of inner cylinders to the turbine while swirling in the circumferential direction. Turbine. 請求項1または2において、前記圧縮機、燃焼器およびタービンがガスタービンの軸心方向に並んで配置されている旋回流型燃焼器を備えたガスタービン。
3. The gas turbine according to claim 1, wherein the compressor, the combustor, and the turbine include a swirl type combustor in which the compressor, the combustor, and the turbine are arranged side by side in the axial direction of the gas turbine.
JP2003277276A 2003-07-22 2003-07-22 Gas turbine with swirl type combustor Pending JP2005042973A (en)

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Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2015526691A (en) * 2012-09-04 2015-09-10 シーメンス アクティエンゲゼルシャフト Gas turbine engine having a shortened middle section
JP2015532699A (en) * 2012-09-04 2015-11-12 シーメンス エナジー インコーポレイテッド Gas turbine engine having a radial diffuser and a shortened middle section
JP2021076065A (en) * 2019-11-08 2021-05-20 東芝エネルギーシステムズ株式会社 Gas turbine combustor structure

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2015526691A (en) * 2012-09-04 2015-09-10 シーメンス アクティエンゲゼルシャフト Gas turbine engine having a shortened middle section
JP2015532699A (en) * 2012-09-04 2015-11-12 シーメンス エナジー インコーポレイテッド Gas turbine engine having a radial diffuser and a shortened middle section
JP2021076065A (en) * 2019-11-08 2021-05-20 東芝エネルギーシステムズ株式会社 Gas turbine combustor structure
JP7335038B2 (en) 2019-11-08 2023-08-29 東芝エネルギーシステムズ株式会社 gas turbine combustor structure
US11892169B2 (en) 2019-11-08 2024-02-06 Toshiba Energy Systems & Solutions Corporation Gas turbine combustor structure

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