JP2005020301A - Antenna for common use of two polarized waves - Google Patents

Antenna for common use of two polarized waves Download PDF

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JP2005020301A
JP2005020301A JP2003181607A JP2003181607A JP2005020301A JP 2005020301 A JP2005020301 A JP 2005020301A JP 2003181607 A JP2003181607 A JP 2003181607A JP 2003181607 A JP2003181607 A JP 2003181607A JP 2005020301 A JP2005020301 A JP 2005020301A
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antenna
polarized antenna
linearly polarized
patch
dual
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JP4121424B2 (en
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Toru Sakamoto
徹 坂本
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Maspro Denkoh Corp
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Maspro Denkoh Corp
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Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To compactly integrate a circularly-polarized wave antenna which is obtained in a system of a gap filler, efficiently receives a radio wave transmitted from a satellite 23 and has directivity upward and a vertically polarized wave antenna which efficiently receives the radio waves that are retransmitted from a plurality of ground radio facilities 24 arranged in a position lower than the satellite 23, which has non-directivity on a horizontal face and a low launching angle without damaging performance of the antennas. <P>SOLUTION: In a lip antenna 101, the two antennas are compounded so that a patch 2 and a ground conductor 4 are connected by an outer conductor 5 of a feeding line 19 of a second linearly polarized wave antenna 102 and the patch 2 operates as a part of the ground conductor of the second linearly polarized wave antenna 102. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2005,JPO&NCIPI

Description

【０００１】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は，主にマイクロ波帯の衛星通信や無線通信に用いられる２偏波共用アンテナに関し，詳しくはそのアンテナ構造に関する。
【０００２】
【従来の技術】
従来の円偏波と直線偏波の２偏波共用アンテナとして，円偏波用アンテナのパッチと直線偏波用アンテナのエレメントとを共通の接地導体に対して同じ厚さの誘電体上に並べて配置したマイクロストリップアンテナや，それぞれの偏波を受信する２つのマイクロストリップアンテナを並べて構成されたものがあった。（例えば特許文献１（図１），（図６）参照）
【０００３】
【特許文献】
特開平５−２９１８１６号公報
【０００４】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
自動車などの移動体８で，衛星２３から送信される放送の電波を受信する場合において，衛星２３から送信された電波がビル２８やトンネルなどにより遮られる地域ではその電波を受信できなくなる。この対策として，衛星２３からの電波を地上無線設備２４で受信して地上無線設備２４から再送信したり，衛星２３からの電波を地上無線設備２４で受信して周波数変換等の処理後，再送信するギャップフィラーのシステムが開発されている。
【０００５】
次にこのシステムの一例について述べる。衛星２３は２．６ＧＨｚ帯の円偏波の電波と，１２ＧＨｚ帯の直線偏波の電波の２種類の電波を送信している。
地上無線設備２４では，衛星から送信された２．６ＧＨｚ帯の円偏波の電波を受信して増幅をした後，２．６ＧＨｚ帯の垂直偏波で再送信したり，衛星２３から送信された１２ＧＨｚ帯の直線偏波の電波を受信して増幅，周波数変換その他の信号処理をした後，２．６ＧＨｚ帯の垂直偏波で再送信する。
このようなシステムでは，移動体８は衛星２３から直接送信される２．６ＧＨｚ帯の電波と地上無線設備２４から再送信される２．６ＧＨｚ帯の垂直偏波の電波の両方を受信できるアンテナが必要となる。
しかし前記従来例のアンテナでは，直線偏波用のアンテナの放射エレメントの電界方向が接地導体に平行であるため垂直偏波の信号の受信が不能となる方向があった。また，円偏波用，垂直偏波用それぞれのアンテナを別々に設けると，アンテナの占める面積が増え，小型化ができないという問題もあった。
【０００６】
こうした問題点に鑑み，
本件出願の目的は，このようなシステムで上空の高い位置から送信される衛星２３からの電波を効率良く受信するために，上方に指向性のある円偏波用のアンテナと，衛星２３に比べて低い位置に複数設置される地上無線設備２４から送信される電波を効率良く受信するために，水平面の指向性が無指向性で打上角の低い垂直偏波用のアンテナとがコンパクトに一体化されたアンテナを提供しようとするものである。
他の目的は，上記のアンテナにおいて，円偏波用と垂直偏波用のアンテナの周波数帯をそれぞれ任意に設定できるアンテナを提供することである。
他の目的は，上記のアンテナにおいて，垂直偏波用のアンテナの周波数帯を複数設けることができるアンテナを提供しようとするものである。
【０００７】
【課題を解決するための手段】
上記課題を解決するために，
請求項１の発明のアンテナは接地導体４，誘電体１５，パッチ２からなる第１の円偏波用のマイクロストリップアンテナ１０１と，前記パッチ２と接地導体４が，給電線１９の外部導体５で接続されている第２の直線偏波用のアンテナ１０２とで構成される。
【０００８】
請求項２の発明のアンテナは，前記第１の円偏波用のマイクロストリップアンテナ１０１のパッチ２に対して前記第２の直線偏波用のアンテナ１０２の放射エレメント３を略垂直に立設するように構成される。
【０００９】
請求項３の発明のアンテナは，同一周波数帯域で異なる２つの偏波の電波を受信するために，前記第１の円偏波用のマイクロストリップアンテナ１０１のパッチ２の直径を受信周波数の略１／２波長に，また，前記第２の直線偏波用のアンテナ１０２の放射エレメント３の長さを前記受信周波数の略１／４波長にして構成される。
【００１０】
請求項４の発明のアンテナは，異なる周波数帯域で異なる偏波の２つの電波を受信するために，前記第１の円偏波用のマイクロストリップアンテナ１０１のパッチ２の直径が受信する円偏波の電波の周波数の略１／２波長に，また，前記第２の直線偏波用のアンテナ１０２の放射エレメント３の長さが，受信する垂直偏波の電波の周波数の略１／４波長になるように構成される。
【００１１】
請求項５の発明のアンテナは，直線偏波用のアンテナ１０２を２つ以上の複数の周波数帯で動作させるために，放射エレメント３の途中にトラップコイル２０を配置して構成される。
【００１２】
【発明の実施の形態】
以下に，本発明を具体化した実施形態の１例を，図面を基に詳細に説明する。
図１は本発明に係る２偏波共用アンテナ１の斜視図を示し，図２はその断面図である。
本発明による２偏波共用アンテナ１は接地導体４，誘電体１５，パッチ２から成る第１の円偏波用のマイクロストリップアンテナ１０１と，前記パッチ２と接地導体４が，第２の直線偏波用のアンテナ１０２の給電線１９の外部導体５で接続されている第２の直線偏波用のアンテナ１０２とで構成される。
【００１３】
第１の円偏波用のマイクロストリップアンテナ１０１においては，前記パッチ２における高周波信号の電圧分布は前記パッチ２の中央付近が最も小さくこの部分は電圧分布の節になっている。このため，前記パッチ２の中央付近は接地導体に短絡させても前記第１のマイクロストリップアンテナ１０１の特性には影響を与えない。この性質を利用して，本発明では前記パッチ２の中央付近と接地導体を第２の直線偏波用のアンテナ１０２の給電線１９の外部導体５で接続している。
直線偏波用のアンテナ１０２の給電線１９の中心導体７には前記第２の直線偏波用アンテナ１０２の放射エレメント３が接続されている。このような構造により，前記第２の直線偏波用アンテナ１０２は前記パッチ２を接地導体の一部として利用している。
【００１４】
第１の円偏波用アンテナ１０１について述べる。衛星２３から送信された２．６ＧＨｚ帯の円偏波の電波は，接地導体４，誘電体１５，パッチ２で構成される第１の円偏波用アンテナ１０１で受信され，給電線１８で移動体８に備えられた車載機（図示されていない）に接続される。
第１の円偏波用アンテナ１０１は円偏波を受信できるように，略円形のパッチ２の外周には電流分布の位相を調整するための縮退素子を形成する２つの切り欠き部１４が設けられている。また，第１のアンテナ１０１の給電点９は，パッチ２の中央から離れたところに設けられている。なお，パッチ２の直径は受信周波数の略１／２波長である。また，接地導体４は，パッチ２の直径より大きい直径の略円形である。このような構成の円偏波受信用アンテナ１０１はパッチ２の面と垂直な方向に略円形の指向性１１を持つので，図３（ａ）に示すように自動車などの移動体８の屋根などに取付けて，上方にある衛星２３からの電波を効率良く受信する。
【００１５】
次に第２の直線偏波用アンテナ１０２について述べる。
ビル２８の屋上などに設置されて，受信アンテナ２５，の信号処理装置２６，再送信アンテナ２７で構成される地上無線設備２４は，衛星２３から送信された２．６ＧＨｚ帯の円偏波の電波を受信して地上無線設備の信号処理装置２６で増幅し，同じ周波数の電波を垂直偏波で再送信する。また，地上無線設備２４は，衛星から送信された１２ＧＨｚ帯の直線偏波の電波を受信して２．６ＧＨｚ帯の信号に変換したものを垂直偏波で再送信する場合もある。
【００１６】
第２の直線偏波用アンテナ１０２はこのように地上無線設備２４から再送信された垂直偏波の電波を受信するためのものである。
第２の直線偏波用のアンテナ１０２の給電線１９の外部導体５は，第１の円偏波用アンテナ１０１のパッチ２と接地導体４を接地導体の中央部分で接続されていて，第２の直線偏波用のアンテナ１０２の給電線１９の中心導体には略１／４波長の長さの線状の放射エレメント３が第１の円偏波用アンテナ１０１のパッチ２と略垂直な位置関係で接続されている。
第２の直線偏波用アンテナ１０２で受信した信号は，給電線１９により移動体８に備えられた車載機（図示されていない）に伝送される。
このように，第２の直線偏波用アンテナは，図３（ｃ）の破線で示すように水平面の指向性は無指向性で，図３（ｂ）の破線で示すように垂直面の指向性は低い打上角を有するため，衛星２３に比べて低い位置に複数配置された地上無線設備２４から再送信される垂直偏波の電波を効率よく受信できる。
【００１７】
なお，図１に示すように第１の円偏波用アンテナ１０１の放射エレメントであるパッチ２と第２の直線偏波用アンテナ１０２の放射エレメント３がそれぞれ独立して構成されているため，円偏波のみの受信，直線偏波のみの受信，円偏波と直線偏波を同時に受信する場合のいずれの場合でもそれぞれのアンテナの性能が損なわれることは無い。そのため，移動体８の受信状況に応じて円偏波，直線偏波を選択して受信するダイバシティー方式に使用することも可能である。
なお，第１の円偏波用アンテナ１０１のパッチ２の寸法，及び第２の直線偏波用アンテナ１０２の放射エレメント３の寸法は，受信する周波数にそれぞれ任意に設計できるので，第１の円偏波用アンテナ１０１で受信する周波数帯域と第２の直線偏波用アンテナ１０２で受信する周波数帯域は同一でも良いし，異なっていても良い。
【００１８】
第１の円偏波用アンテナ１０１で受信する周波数帯域と第２の直線偏波用アンテナ１０２で受信する周波数帯域が同一の例として，２．６ＧＨｚ帯の周波数帯域による前記ギャップフィラーのシステムが上げられる。
次に，第１の円偏波用アンテナ１０１で受信する周波数帯域と第２の直線偏波用アンテナ１０２で受信する周波数帯域が異なる一例を示す。第１の円偏波用アンテナ１０１で受信する周波数帯域を１．５ＧＨｚ帯に設計し，第２の直線偏波用アンテナ１０２で受信する周波数帯域を１．２ＧＨｚ帯に設計することにより，衛星による測位システム（ＧＰＳ）の衛星から送信される電波の受信用と，地上で交信されるアマチュア無線用の両用アンテナとして使用できる。
【００１９】
図４（ａ）は第２の直線偏波用のアンテナ１０２を２周波共用のアンテナにした例である。放射エレメントの途中に設けられたトラップコイル２０により，第１の周波数ｆ１では図４（ａ）のように第１の放射エレメント１６のみで共振する。破線は第１の周波数の高周波電流の分布２１を示す。
第１の周波数ｆ１より周波数の低い第２の周波数ｆ２では図４（ｂ）のように第１の放射エレメント１６とトラップコイル２０と第２の放射エレメント１７により共振する。破線は第２の周波数の高周波電流の分布２２を示す。
このように，第２の直線偏波用のアンテナ１０２は異なる複数の周波数帯域で使用できる。例えば，前記第１の周波数ｆ１を２．６ＧＨｚ帯とし，前記第２の周波数ｆ２を１．５ＧＨｚ帯に設計すれば，前記ギャップフィラーシステムとデジタルＭＣＡ陸上移動通信システムの両方に使用できる。
上記の説明は２つの周波数帯で使用する例を述べたが，同様に放射エレメントの途中にトラップコイルを設けることにより，更に周波数帯の数を増やすことも可能である。また，トラップコイルの代わりに同様の働きをする他の素子（例えばコイルとコンデンサの並列回路など）を用いても良い。
図１，図２，図４（ａ），図４（ｂ）では第１の円偏波用アンテナ１０１において，マイクロストリップアンテナの誘電体を空気とした例で示したが，誘電率が２から４程度の誘電体を有するプリント基板を用いても良い。この場合は，誘電体の誘電率と厚さによって決まる電気長でパッチ２の寸法が設計される。
また，図１では第１の円偏波用アンテナ１０１は，略円形のパッチで構成された例を示したが，パッチ２の形状は略円形に限らず，矩形や他の形状でも良い。尚，これまでの説明では第２の直線偏波用のアンテナ１０２をモノポールアンテナを例に述べたが，多段のコリニアアンテナなどの他のアンテナでも良い。
また，防水及び機械的な保護のため，本発明に係る２偏波共用アンテナ１を電波を透過する材料で覆って使用しても良い。
【００２０】
尚，本発明は上記実施の形態に限定されるものではなく，本発明の趣旨を逸脱しない範囲で各部の寸法並びに構成を適宜に変更して実施することも可能である。
【００２１】
【発明の効果】
以上詳述したように，請求項１の発明によれば，円偏波用アンテナ１０１のパッチ２を直線偏用アンテナ１０２の接地導体４の一部として使用しているため，アンテナの面積は，円偏波用アンテナと直線偏用アンテナの２つのアンテナをそれぞれ単独に設置する場合に比べて約半分で済むためアンテナの小型化が可能となる。
【００２２】
請求項２の発明によれば，直線偏波用アンテナ１０２は接地導体４に対して略垂直な方向に放射エレメント３を備えているので垂直面の指向性において打上角が低くなり，地上無線設備２４から再送信された電波を効率良く受信することができる。
【００２３】
請求項３の発明によれば，円偏波用アンテナ１０１のパッチ２と直線偏波用アンテナ１０２の放射エレメント３はそれぞれ独立しているのでそれぞれの偏波のアンテナの性能を損なうことが無く，２つのアンテナの周波数帯を同一にできる。
【００２４】
請求項４の発明によれば，円偏波用アンテナ１０１のパッチ２と直線偏波用アンテナ１０２の放射エレメント３はそれぞれ独立しているので，それぞれの偏波のアンテナの性能を損なうことがなく，２つのアンテナの周波数帯を異なる任意の帯域にできる。
【００２５】
請求項５の発明によれば，第２の直線偏波用のアンテナは２つ以上の異なる周波数帯で動作し，そのうちの一つの周波数帯域は第１の円偏波用のアンテナ周波数帯と同一にできる。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図１】本発明に係る２偏波共用アンテナの実施の形態の１例の斜視図を示す。
【図２】本発明に係る２偏波共用アンテナの実施の形態の１例の断面図を示す。
【図３】本発明に係る２偏波共用アンテナの実施の形態の１例を示す。
（ａ）は本発明の実施例の円偏波用アンテナの垂直面の指向性を示す。
（ｂ）は本発明の実施例の直線偏波用アンテナの垂直面の指向性を示す。
（ｃ）は直線偏波用アンテナの水平面の指向性を示す。
【図４】本発明に係る２偏波共用アンテナの別の実施例を示す。
（ａ）は第１の周波数の高周波電流の分布を示す。
（ｂ）は第２の周波数の高周波電流の分布を示す。
【図５】ギャップフィラーのシステム例を示す。
【符号の説明】
１…２偏波共用アンテナ，２…パッチ，３…直線偏波用アンテナの放射エレメント，４…接地導体，５…直線偏波用アンテナの給電線の外部導体，６…円偏波用アンテナの給電線の内部導体，７…直線偏波用アンテナの給電線の内部導体，８…移動体，９…円偏波用アンテナの給電点，１０…直線偏波用アンテナの打上角，１１…円偏波用アンテナの垂直面の指向性，１２…直線偏波用アンテナの垂直面の指向性，１３…直線偏波用アンテナの水平面の指向性，１４…切り欠き部，１５…誘電体，１６…第１の放射エレメント，１７…第２の放射エレメント，１８…第１の円偏波用アンテナの給電線，１９…第２の直線偏波用アンテナの給電線，２０…トラップコイル，２１…第１の周波数の高周波電流の分布，２２…第２の周波数の高周波電流の分布，２３…衛星，２４…地上無線設備，２５…地上無線設備の受信アンテナ，２６…地上無線設備の信号処理装置，２７…地上無線設備の再送信アンテナ，２８…ビル，１０１…第１の円偏波用アンテナ，１０２…第２の直線偏波用アンテナ。[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a dual-polarized antenna used mainly for microwave band satellite communication and wireless communication, and more particularly to the antenna structure.
[0002]
[Prior art]
As a conventional dual-polarization antenna for circular and linear polarization, a circularly polarized antenna patch and a linearly polarized antenna element are arranged on a dielectric with the same thickness against a common ground conductor. There was a configuration in which arranged microstrip antennas and two microstrip antennas that receive respective polarized waves were arranged side by side. (For example, see Patent Document 1 (FIG. 1), (FIG. 6))
[0003]
[Patent Literature]
JP-A-5-291816 [0004]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
When the mobile 8 such as an automobile receives a broadcast radio wave transmitted from the satellite 23, the radio wave cannot be received in an area where the radio wave transmitted from the satellite 23 is blocked by a building 28 or a tunnel. As countermeasures, the radio wave from the satellite 23 is received by the terrestrial radio equipment 24 and retransmitted from the terrestrial radio equipment 24, or the radio wave from the satellite 23 is received by the terrestrial radio equipment 24 and subjected to processing such as frequency conversion. Transmission gap filler systems have been developed.
[0005]
Next, an example of this system will be described. The satellite 23 transmits two types of radio waves, a circularly polarized radio wave in the 2.6 GHz band and a linearly polarized radio wave in the 12 GHz band.
The terrestrial radio equipment 24 receives and amplifies the 2.6 GHz band circularly polarized radio wave transmitted from the satellite and then retransmits it with the 2.6 GHz band vertically polarized wave or transmits it from the satellite 23. After receiving 12 GHz band linearly polarized radio waves and performing amplification, frequency conversion and other signal processing, it retransmits with 2.6 GHz vertical polarization.
In such a system, the mobile unit 8 has an antenna capable of receiving both a 2.6 GHz band radio wave directly transmitted from the satellite 23 and a 2.6 GHz band vertically polarized radio wave retransmitted from the ground radio equipment 24. Necessary.
However, in the antenna of the conventional example, there is a direction in which reception of the vertically polarized signal is impossible because the electric field direction of the radiation element of the antenna for linear polarization is parallel to the ground conductor. In addition, if antennas for circular polarization and vertical polarization are provided separately, the area occupied by the antenna increases, and there is a problem that miniaturization cannot be achieved.
[0006]
In view of these problems,
The purpose of the present application is to compare the antenna 23 for a circularly polarized wave with directivity upward and the satellite 23 in order to efficiently receive radio waves from the satellite 23 transmitted from a high position in the sky in such a system. In order to efficiently receive radio waves transmitted from a plurality of terrestrial radio equipment 24 installed at a low position, a vertically polarized antenna with a low launch angle and a low directivity on the horizontal plane is integrated in a compact manner. It is intended to provide an improved antenna.
Another object is to provide an antenna in which the frequency bands of the circularly polarized wave and the vertically polarized wave antenna can be arbitrarily set.
Another object is to provide an antenna in which a plurality of frequency bands of vertically polarized antennas can be provided.
[0007]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
To solve the above problems,
The antenna according to the first aspect of the present invention includes a first circularly polarized microstrip antenna 101 composed of a ground conductor 4, a dielectric 15, and a patch 2, and the patch 2 and the ground conductor 4 are connected to the outer conductor 5 of the feeder line 19. And the second linearly polarized antenna 102 connected to each other.
[0008]
In the antenna according to the second aspect of the present invention, the radiating element 3 of the second linearly polarized antenna 102 is erected substantially perpendicularly to the patch 2 of the first circularly polarized microstrip antenna 101. Configured as follows.
[0009]
In order to receive radio waves of two different polarizations in the same frequency band, the antenna of the invention of claim 3 has a diameter of the patch 2 of the microstrip antenna 101 for the first circular polarization of about 1 of the reception frequency. / 2 wavelength, and the length of the radiating element 3 of the second linearly polarized antenna 102 is set to be substantially ¼ wavelength of the reception frequency.
[0010]
The antenna of the invention of claim 4 is a circularly polarized wave received by the diameter of the patch 2 of the first circularly polarized microstrip antenna 101 in order to receive two radio waves of different polarizations in different frequency bands. The length of the radiating element 3 of the second linearly polarized antenna 102 is approximately ¼ wavelength of the frequency of the vertically polarized radio wave received. It is comprised so that it may become.
[0011]
The antenna of the invention of claim 5 is configured by arranging the trap coil 20 in the middle of the radiation element 3 in order to operate the linearly polarized antenna 102 in two or more frequency bands.
[0012]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Hereinafter, an example of an embodiment embodying the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings.
FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a dual-polarized antenna 1 according to the present invention, and FIG. 2 is a sectional view thereof.
The dual-polarized antenna 1 according to the present invention includes a first circularly polarized microstrip antenna 101 composed of a ground conductor 4, a dielectric 15, and a patch 2, and the patch 2 and the ground conductor 4 are connected to a second linearly polarized wave. The second linearly polarized antenna 102 is connected to the outer conductor 5 of the feed line 19 of the wave antenna 102.
[0013]
In the first circularly polarized microstrip antenna 101, the voltage distribution of the high frequency signal in the patch 2 is the smallest near the center of the patch 2, and this portion is a node of the voltage distribution. Therefore, even if the vicinity of the center of the patch 2 is short-circuited to a ground conductor, the characteristics of the first microstrip antenna 101 are not affected. Utilizing this property, in the present invention, the vicinity of the center of the patch 2 and the ground conductor are connected by the outer conductor 5 of the feed line 19 of the second linearly polarized antenna 102.
The radiating element 3 of the second linearly polarized antenna 102 is connected to the central conductor 7 of the feed line 19 of the linearly polarized antenna 102. With this structure, the second linearly polarized antenna 102 uses the patch 2 as a part of the ground conductor.
[0014]
The first circularly polarized wave antenna 101 will be described. A 2.6 GHz-band circularly polarized radio wave transmitted from the satellite 23 is received by the first circularly polarized antenna 101 including the ground conductor 4, the dielectric 15, and the patch 2, and is moved by the feeder line 18. It is connected to an in-vehicle device (not shown) provided in the body 8.
The first circularly polarized wave antenna 101 is provided with two notches 14 forming a degenerate element for adjusting the phase of the current distribution on the outer periphery of the substantially circular patch 2 so that the circularly polarized wave 2 can be received. It has been. Further, the feeding point 9 of the first antenna 101 is provided at a position away from the center of the patch 2. Note that the diameter of the patch 2 is approximately ½ wavelength of the reception frequency. The ground conductor 4 is substantially circular with a diameter larger than that of the patch 2. Since the circularly polarized wave receiving antenna 101 having such a configuration has a substantially circular directivity 11 in a direction perpendicular to the surface of the patch 2, as shown in FIG. To efficiently receive radio waves from the satellite 23 above.
[0015]
Next, the second linearly polarized antenna 102 will be described.
The terrestrial radio equipment 24 installed on the roof of the building 28 and composed of the signal processing device 26 of the receiving antenna 25, the retransmission antenna 27, and the 2.6 GHz band circularly polarized radio wave transmitted from the satellite 23. Is amplified by the signal processing device 26 of the terrestrial radio equipment, and radio waves of the same frequency are retransmitted with vertical polarization. In addition, the terrestrial radio equipment 24 may retransmit a 12 GHz band linearly polarized radio wave transmitted from a satellite and converted into a 2.6 GHz band signal with a vertically polarized wave.
[0016]
The second linearly polarized wave antenna 102 is for receiving vertically polarized radio waves retransmitted from the ground radio equipment 24 in this way.
The outer conductor 5 of the feed line 19 of the second linearly polarized antenna 102 is formed by connecting the patch 2 of the first circularly polarized antenna 101 and the ground conductor 4 at the center portion of the ground conductor. A linear radiating element 3 having a length of approximately ¼ wavelength is positioned substantially perpendicular to the patch 2 of the first circularly polarized antenna 101 at the center conductor of the feeder line 19 of the linearly polarized antenna 102. Connected in a relationship.
A signal received by the second linearly polarized antenna 102 is transmitted to a vehicle-mounted device (not shown) provided in the moving body 8 through the feeder line 19.
In this way, the second linearly polarized antenna has a non-directional directivity on the horizontal plane as indicated by the broken line in FIG. 3C, and a directivity on the vertical plane as indicated by the broken line in FIG. Therefore, it is possible to efficiently receive vertically polarized radio waves retransmitted from a plurality of terrestrial radio equipment 24 arranged at a lower position than the satellite 23.
[0017]
As shown in FIG. 1, since the patch 2 that is the radiating element of the first circularly polarized antenna 101 and the radiating element 3 of the second linearly polarized antenna 102 are configured independently, The performance of each antenna is not impaired in any case of receiving only polarization, receiving only linear polarization, or receiving both circular polarization and linear polarization simultaneously. Therefore, it is also possible to use it for a diversity system that selects and receives circularly polarized waves or linearly polarized waves according to the reception status of the mobile unit 8.
Note that the dimensions of the patch 2 of the first circularly polarized antenna 101 and the dimensions of the radiating element 3 of the second linearly polarized antenna 102 can be arbitrarily designed according to the frequency to be received. The frequency band received by the polarization antenna 101 and the frequency band received by the second linear polarization antenna 102 may be the same or different.
[0018]
As an example in which the frequency band received by the first circularly polarized antenna 101 and the frequency band received by the second linearly polarized antenna 102 are the same, the gap filler system using the frequency band of 2.6 GHz is raised. It is done.
Next, an example in which the frequency band received by the first circularly polarized antenna 101 is different from the frequency band received by the second linearly polarized antenna 102 will be described. By designing the frequency band received by the first circularly polarized antenna 101 to 1.5 GHz band and designing the frequency band received by the second linearly polarized antenna 102 to 1.2 GHz band, It can be used as a dual antenna for receiving radio waves transmitted from a positioning system (GPS) satellite and for amateur radio communicating on the ground.
[0019]
FIG. 4A shows an example in which the second linearly polarized antenna 102 is a dual-frequency antenna. The trap coil 20 provided in the middle of the radiating element resonates only with the first radiating element 16 as shown in FIG. 4A at the first frequency f1. A broken line indicates a high-frequency current distribution 21 of the first frequency.
At the second frequency f2, which is lower than the first frequency f1, the first radiating element 16, the trap coil 20, and the second radiating element 17 resonate as shown in FIG. 4B. A broken line shows the distribution 22 of the high frequency current of the second frequency.
Thus, the second linearly polarized antenna 102 can be used in a plurality of different frequency bands. For example, if the first frequency f1 is set to 2.6 GHz band and the second frequency f2 is designed to 1.5 GHz band, it can be used for both the gap filler system and the digital MCA land mobile communication system.
In the above description, an example in which two frequency bands are used has been described. Similarly, the number of frequency bands can be further increased by providing a trap coil in the middle of the radiating element. Other elements (for example, a parallel circuit of a coil and a capacitor) may be used instead of the trap coil.
1, FIG. 2, FIG. 4 (a), and FIG. 4 (b) show an example in which the dielectric of the microstrip antenna is air in the first circularly polarized antenna 101. A printed circuit board having about 4 dielectrics may be used. In this case, the dimensions of the patch 2 are designed with an electrical length determined by the dielectric constant and thickness of the dielectric.
Further, FIG. 1 shows an example in which the first circularly polarized antenna 101 is configured by a substantially circular patch, but the shape of the patch 2 is not limited to a substantially circular shape, and may be a rectangle or other shapes. In the above description, the second linearly polarized antenna 102 has been described as an example of a monopole antenna, but other antennas such as a multi-stage collinear antenna may be used.
Further, for waterproofing and mechanical protection, the dual-polarized antenna 1 according to the present invention may be covered with a material that transmits radio waves.
[0020]
It should be noted that the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiment, and can be carried out by appropriately changing the size and configuration of each part without departing from the spirit of the present invention.
[0021]
【The invention's effect】
As described in detail above, according to the invention of claim 1, since the patch 2 of the circularly polarized antenna 101 is used as a part of the ground conductor 4 of the linearly polarized antenna 102, the area of the antenna is Since the antennas for circular polarization and the antenna for linear polarization are about half as compared with the case where each antenna is installed independently, the antenna can be downsized.
[0022]
According to the second aspect of the present invention, since the linearly polarized antenna 102 includes the radiating element 3 in a direction substantially perpendicular to the ground conductor 4, the launch angle is lowered in the directivity of the vertical plane, and the terrestrial radio equipment The radio wave retransmitted from 24 can be efficiently received.
[0023]
According to the invention of claim 3, since the patch 2 of the circularly polarized antenna 101 and the radiating element 3 of the linearly polarized antenna 102 are independent from each other, the performance of each polarized antenna is not impaired. The frequency bands of the two antennas can be made the same.
[0024]
According to the invention of claim 4, since the patch 2 of the circularly polarized antenna 101 and the radiating element 3 of the linearly polarized antenna 102 are independent from each other, the performance of each polarized antenna is not impaired. , The frequency bands of the two antennas can be set to arbitrary different bands.
[0025]
According to the invention of claim 5, the second linearly polarized antenna operates in two or more different frequency bands, and one of the frequency bands is the same as the first circularly polarized antenna frequency band. Can be.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 shows a perspective view of an example of an embodiment of a dual-polarized antenna according to the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of an example of an embodiment of a dual-polarized antenna according to the present invention.
FIG. 3 shows an example of an embodiment of a dual-polarized antenna according to the present invention.
(A) shows the directivity of the vertical plane of the circularly polarized antenna of the embodiment of the present invention.
(B) shows the directivity of the vertical plane of the linearly polarized antenna according to the embodiment of the present invention.
(C) shows the directivity of the horizontal plane of the antenna for linearly polarized waves.
FIG. 4 shows another embodiment of the dual-polarized antenna according to the present invention.
(A) shows distribution of the high frequency current of the 1st frequency.
(B) shows the distribution of the high-frequency current of the second frequency.
FIG. 5 shows an example of a gap filler system.
[Explanation of symbols]
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Dual polarized-wave antenna, 2 ... Patch, 3 ... Radiation element of linearly polarized antenna, 4 ... Ground conductor, 5 ... External conductor of feeding wire of linearly polarized antenna, 6 ... Circularly polarized antenna Inner conductor of feeder line, 7 ... Inner conductor of feeder line of linearly polarized antenna, 8 ... Moving body, 9 ... Feeding point of antenna for circularly polarized wave, 10 ... Launch angle of antenna for linearly polarized wave, 11 ... Circle Directivity of vertical plane of polarization antenna, 12: Directivity of vertical plane of linear polarization antenna, 13: Directivity of horizontal plane of linear polarization antenna, 14 ... Notch, 15 ... Dielectric, 16 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1st radiation element, 17 ... 2nd radiation element, 18 ... Feed line of 1st circularly polarized antenna, 19 ... Feed line of 2nd linearly polarized antenna, 20 ... Trap coil, 21 ... Distribution of the high frequency current of the first frequency, 22 ... the high frequency of the second frequency Flow distribution, 23 ... Satellite, 24 ... Terrestrial radio equipment, 25 ... Terrestrial radio equipment reception antenna, 26 ... Terrestrial radio equipment signal processing device, 27 ... Terrestrial radio equipment retransmission antenna, 28 ... Building, 101 ... 1 circularly polarized antenna, 102... Second linearly polarized antenna.

Claims (5)

円偏波と直線偏波の２偏波共用アンテナにおいて，第１の円偏波用のアンテナはマイクロストリップアンテナで，前記マイクロストリップアンテナのパッチと接地導体が第２の直線偏波用のアンテナの給電線の外部導体で接続されていることを特徴とする２偏波共用アンテナ。In the circularly polarized wave and linearly polarized wave dual antenna, the first circularly polarized antenna is a microstrip antenna, and the patch and ground conductor of the microstrip antenna are the second linearly polarized antenna. A dual-polarized antenna that is connected by an outer conductor of a feeder line. 請求項１に記載の２偏波共用アンテナにおいて，第２の直線偏波用のアンテナは第１の円偏波用のアンテナの接地導体に対して略垂直に立設する放射エレメントで構成される２偏波共用アンテナ。2. The dual-polarized antenna according to claim 1, wherein the second linearly polarized antenna is constituted by a radiating element that stands substantially perpendicular to the ground conductor of the first circularly polarized antenna. Dual polarized antenna. 請求項１および請求項２に記載の２偏波共用アンテナにおいて，第１の円偏波用のアンテナと第２の直線偏波用のアンテナの周波数帯が同一であることを特徴とする２偏波共用アンテナ。3. The dual polarization antenna according to claim 1, wherein the frequency bands of the first circular polarization antenna and the second linear polarization antenna are the same. Wave sharing antenna. 請求項１および請求項２に記載の２偏波共用アンテナにおいて，第１の円偏波用のアンテナと第２の直線偏波用のアンテナの周波数帯が異なることを特徴とする２偏波共用アンテナ。3. The dual-polarized antenna according to claim 1, wherein the first circularly polarized antenna and the second linearly polarized antenna have different frequency bands. antenna. 請求項１および請求項２に記載の２偏波共用アンテナにおいて，第２の直線偏波用のアンテナは２つ以上の異なる周波数帯で動作し，その内の一つの周波数帯は第１の円偏波用のアンテナの周波数帯と同一であることを特徴とする２偏波共用アンテナ。3. The dual-polarized antenna according to claim 1, wherein the second linearly polarized antenna operates in two or more different frequency bands, and one of the frequency bands is a first circle. A dual-polarized antenna having the same frequency band as that of a polarized antenna.
JP2003181607A 2003-06-25 2003-06-25 Dual polarized antenna Expired - Fee Related JP4121424B2 (en)

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