JP2004359578A - Optically active quaternary ammonium salt compound and its synthetic intermediate - Google Patents

Optically active quaternary ammonium salt compound and its synthetic intermediate Download PDF

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JP2004359578A
JP2004359578A JP2003158109A JP2003158109A JP2004359578A JP 2004359578 A JP2004359578 A JP 2004359578A JP 2003158109 A JP2003158109 A JP 2003158109A JP 2003158109 A JP2003158109 A JP 2003158109A JP 2004359578 A JP2004359578 A JP 2004359578A
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group
substituent
linear
branched
optically active
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JP4322051B2 (en
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Keiji Maruoka
啓二 丸岡
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Nippon Soda Co Ltd
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Nippon Soda Co Ltd
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Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a new optically active spiro quaternary ammonium salt which can be industrially prepared at a low coat and is constituted of an axially asymmetric optically active compound of a biphenyl type having the same substituents, and has an excellent effect as a phase-transfer catalyst when used in the synthesis of various optically active natural or non-natural amino acids derivatives, and an intermediate useful in its preparation. <P>SOLUTION: The optically active quaternary ammonium salt is represented by formula (1). The intermediate for its preparation is a biphenyl compound. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2005,JPO&NCIPI

Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、キラル相間移動触媒として有用な光学活性4級アンモニウム塩化合物に関し、より詳細には、新規な光学活性なスピロ型4級アンモニウム塩と該化合物を製造するための中間体に関する。
【0002】
【従来技術】
光学活性なスピロ型4級アンモニウム塩に関する化合物については、本願発明者らにより多くの化合物が明らかにされている。例えば、特許文献1に記載された下記式
【化3】

Figure 2004359578
に示す化合物は、天然または非天然であることを問わず、光学活性α−アミノ酸を合成するための相間移動触媒として、この化合物が極めて有効に機能することが開示されている。
【0003】
しかし、前記の文献に記載された光学活性なスピロ型4級アンモニウム塩は相異なる置換基を有する2種類の光学活性ビナフチル誘導体によって構成されるため、高価となり工業的に用いるには問題があった。そのため、光学活性α−アミノ酸を合成するための相間移動触媒として、有効でかつ入手容易で安価な実用的な光学活性スピロ型4級アンモニウム塩の開発が望まれていた。
【0004】
【特許文献1】
特開2001−48866号公報
【特許文献2】
特開2002−326992号公報
【特許文献3】
特開2003−81976号公報
【非特許文献1】
J.Am.Chem.Soc.、121巻、27号、6519ページ、1999年。
【非特許文献2】
J.Am.Chem.Soc.、122巻、21号、5228ページ、2000年。
【0005】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
本発明は、同一の置換基を有するビフェニル型の軸不斉光学活性化合物によって構成される光学活性なスピロ型4級アンモニウム塩であって、相間移動触媒として、天然または非天然であることを問わず光学活性アミノ酸合成に優れた効果を有する化合物を提供することを課題とする。
【0006】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明者らは前記課題を解決するために鋭意研究を行った結果、種々の軸不斉化合物を検討し、光学活性ビフェニル誘導体から構成される光学活性なスピロ型4級アンモニウム塩が、光学活性アミノ酸合成に優れた効果を有することを見出し、ついに本発明を完成するに至った。
【0007】
すなわち、本発明は、一般式(1)
【化4】
Figure 2004359578
[式中、
はハロゲン原子、ニトロ基、置換基を有していても良いC1〜C8の直鎖、分岐あるいは環状のアルキル基、置換基を有していても良いC2〜8の直鎖あるいは分岐のアルケニル基、置換基を有していても良いC2〜8の直鎖あるいは分岐のアルキニル基、置換基を有していても良いC6〜C14のアリール基、置換基を有していても良いC3〜8のヘテロアリ−ル基、置換基を有していても良いC1〜C8の直鎖、分岐あるいは環状のアルコキシ基、または置換基を有していても良いC7〜C16のアラルキル基を示し、
は水素原子、ハロゲン原子、ニトロ基、置換基を有していても良いC1〜C8の直鎖、分岐あるいは環状のアルキル基、置換基を有していても良いC2〜8の直鎖あるいは分岐のアルケニル基、置換基を有していても良いC2〜8の直鎖あるいは分岐のアルキニル基、置換基を有していても良いC6〜C14のアリール基、置換基を有していても良いC1〜C8の直鎖、分岐あるいは環状のアルコキシ基、または置換基を有していても良いC7〜C16のアラルキル基を示し、
またRとRは1〜2個の酸素原子を含んで、あるいは含まないで、結合して環を形成しても良く、
はハロゲン原子、ニトロ基、置換基を有していても良いC1〜C8の直鎖、分岐あるいは環状のアルキル基、置換基を有していても良いC2〜8の直鎖あるいは分岐のアルケニル基、置換基を有していても良いC2〜8の直鎖あるいは分岐のアルキニル基、置換基を有していても良いC6〜C14のアリール基、置換基を有していても良いC1〜C8の直鎖、分岐あるいは環状のアルコキシ基、置換基を有していても良いC7〜C16のアラルキル基、または置換基を有していても良いシリル基を示し、
の置換位置は3位または4位であり、
*は軸不斉を有していることを示し、Xはアニオン又はアニオン性の基を示す。]
で表される光学活性4級アンモニウム塩化合物と、式(1)に示された化合物を製造するために有用な一般式(2)
【化5】
Figure 2004359578
[式中、RおよびRは、式(1)の置換基と同様の基を示し、
は置換されていても良いC7〜16のアラルキル基を示し、
Yは置換されていても良いメチル基またはカルボキル基を示す。]
で表されるビフェニル化合物を提供する。
【0008】
【発明の実施の形態】
一般式(1)は光学活性な軸不斉ビフェニル基によって構成されるために、該化合物には軸不斉ビフェニル基の光学活性を示す記号に従って、2種類の光学異性体S,S−体、R,R−体が存在し、これらのいずれもが本発明に含まれる。
【0009】
一般式(1)において、Rはハロゲン原子、ニトロ基、置換基を有しても良いC1〜C8の直鎖、分岐あるいは環状のアルキル基、置換基を有していても良いC2〜8の直鎖あるいは分岐のアルケニル基、置換基を有していても良いC2〜8の直鎖あるいは分岐のアルキニル基、置換基を有してもよいC6〜C14のアリール基、置換基を有しても良いC3〜8のヘテロアリ−ル基、置換基を有してもよいC1〜C8の直鎖、分岐あるいは環状のアルコキシ基、または置換基を有してもよいC7〜C16のアラルキル基を表す。
【0010】
ハロゲン原子の例としては、フッ素、塩素、臭素原子等;
C1〜C8の直鎖、分岐あるいは環状のアルキル基の例としては、メチル基、エチル基、プロピル基、イソプロピル基、ブチル基、イソブチル基、t−ブチル基、ペンチル基、イソペンチル基、ヘキシル基、イソヘキシル基、ヘプチル基、イソヘプチル基、オクチル基、イソオクチル基、シクロプロピル基、シクロブチル基、2−メチルシクロプロピル基、シクロプロピルメチル基、シクロペンチル基、シクロヘキシル基等;
C2〜8の直鎖あるいは分岐状のアルケニル基の例としては、ビニル基、1−プロペニル基、2−プロペニル基、イソプロペニル基、1−ブテニル基、2−ブテニル基、3−ブテニル基、1−ペンテニル基、2−ペンテニル基、3−ペンテニル基、4−ペンテニル基、1−メチルー2−ブテニル基、1−メチルー3−ブテニル基、1,1−ジメチルー2−プロペニル基、3−メチルー2−ブテニル基、1−ヘキセニル基、2−ヘキセニル基、3−ヘキセニル基、4−ヘキセニル基、5−ヘキセニル基、2−メチルー1−ペンテニル基、3−メチルー1−ペンテニル基、4−メチルー1−ペンテニル基、2−メチルー2−ペンテニル基、3−メチルー2−ペンテニル基、2−エチルー1−ブテニル基、3,3−ジメチルー1−ブテニル基、1−ヘプテニル基、2−ヘプテニル基、3−ヘプテニル基、1−オクテニル基、2−オクテニル基、3−オクテニル基、4−オクテニル基等;C2〜8の直鎖あるいは分岐状のアルキニル基の例としては、エチニル基、1−プロピニル基、2−プロピニル基、1−ブチニル基、2−ブチニル基、3−ブチニル基、1−ペンチニル基、2−ペンチニル基、3−ペンチニル基、4−ペンチニル基、4−メチルー1−ペンテニル基、1―ヘキシニル基、1−オクチニル基等;
C6〜C14のアリール基の例としては、フェニル基、1−ナフチル基、2−ナフチル基、1−アントリル基、2−アントリル基、9−アントリル基、1−フェナントリル基、2−フェナントリル基、3−フェナントリル基、4−フェナントリル基、9−フェナントリル基、10−フェナントリル基等;
C3〜8のヘテロアリール基の例としては、2−ピリジル基、3−ピリジル基、4−ピリジル基、2−キノニル基、3−キノニル基、4−キノニル基、5−キノニル基、6−キノニル基、7−キノニル基、8−キノニル基、2−インドリル基、3−インドリル基、4−インドリル基、5−インドリル基、6−インドリル基、7−インドリル基、2−フリル基、3−フリル基、2−チエニル基、3−チエニル基、2−ピロリジル基、3−ピロリジル基、2−イミダゾリル基、4−イミダゾリル基、5−イミダゾリル基、2−オキサゾリル、4−オキサゾリル基、5−オキサゾリル基、2−チアゾリル基、4−チアゾリル基、5−チアゾリル基等;
C1〜8の直鎖、分岐あるいは環状のアルコキシ基の例としては、メチルオキシ基、エチルオキシ基、プロピルオキシ基、イソプロピルオキシ基、ブチルオキシ基、イソブチルオキシ基、s−ブチルオキシ基、t−ブチルオキシ基、ペンチルオキシ基、イソペンチルオキシ基、ヘキシルオキシ基、ヘプチルオキシ基、オクチルオキシ基、シクロプロピルオキシ基、シクロブチルオキシ基、2−メチルシクロプロピルオキシ基、シクロプロピルメチルオキシ基、シクロペンチルオキシ基、シクロヘキシルオキシ等;
C7〜16のアラルキル基の例としてはベンジル基、1−フェニルエチル基、2−フェニルエチル基、1−メチル1−フェニルエチル基、1−ナフチルメチル基、2−ナフチルメチル基等;
を挙げることができる。
【0011】
これらの基の置換基としては、フッ素、塩素、臭素原子等のハロゲン原子;
メチル基、エチル基、プロピル基、イソプロピル基、ブチル基、イソブチル基、t−ブチル基、ペンチル基、イソペンチル基、ヘキシル基、イソヘキシル基、ヘプチル基、イソヘプチル基、オクチル基、イソオクチル基、シクロプロピル基、シクロブチル基、2−メチルシクロプロピル基、シクロプロピルメチル基、シクロペンチル基、シクロヘキシル基等のC1〜8の直鎖、分岐あるいは環状のアルキル基;
フェニル基、1−ナフチル基、2−ナフチル基、1−アントリル基、2−アントリル基、9−アントリル基、1−フェナントリル基、2−フェナントリル基等のC6〜14のアリール基;
メチルオキシ基、エチルオキシ基、プロピルオキシ基、イソプロピルオキシ基、ブチルオキシ基、イソブチルオキシ基、s−ブチルオキシ基、t−ブチルオキシ基、ペンチルオキシ基、イソペンチルオキシ基、ヘキシルオキシ基、ヘプチルオキシ基、オクチルオキシ基、シクロプロピルオキシ基、シクロブチルオキシ基、2−メチルシクロプロピルオキシ基、シクロプロピルメチルオキシ基、シクロペンチルオキシ基、シクロヘキシルオキシ等のC1〜8の直鎖、分岐あるいは環状のアルコキシ基;
べンジル基、2−フェニルエチル基、1−ナフチルメチル基、2−ナフチルメチル基等の炭素数7〜16のアラルキル基を挙げることができる。
【0012】
一般式(1)においてRには上記Rと同様の置換基の他に、水素原子が挙げられる。
【0013】
またRとRは1〜2個の酸素原子を含むまたは含まないで結合して5または6員環を形成しても良く、その具体例として下記式の構造を示すことができる。
【化6】
Figure 2004359578
【0014】
一般式(1)においてRはRと同様の置換基の他に、適宜、置換されていても良いシリル基が存在し、シリル基の置換基の例として
メチル基、エチル基、プロピル基、イソプロピル基、ブチル基、イソブチル基、t−ブチル基、ペンチル基、イソペンチル基、ヘキシル基、イソヘキシル基、ヘプチル基、イソヘプチル基、オクチル基、イソオクチル基、シクロプロピル基、シクロブチル基、2−メチルシクロプロピル基、シクロプロピルメチル基、シクロペンチル基、シクロヘキシル基等のC1〜8の直鎖、分岐あるいは環状のアルキル基;
フェニル基、1−ナフチル基、2−ナフチル基、1−アントリル基、2−アントリル基、9−アントリル基、1−フェナントリル基、2−フェナントリル基等のC6〜14のアリール基;
べンジル基、2−フェニルエチル基、1−ナフチルメチル基、2−ナフチルメチル基等の炭素数7〜16のアラルキル基を挙げることができる。
【0015】
さらに、置換されて良いシリル基の具体例としてメチルシリル基、t−ブチルジメチルシリル基、t−ブチルジフェニルシリル基、トリベンジルシリル基等を挙げることができる。
【0016】
式(1)中のXはアニオン原子、アニオン性の原子を示す。その具体例としては、フッ素、塩素、臭素、ヨウ素等のハロゲンのアニオン原子;ヒドロキシル基、アルコキシ基、アセトキシ基、HCO基、HSO基、ClO基、HF 基、BF 基等のアニオン性の基等が挙げられる。
【0017】
また、本発明は、式(1)で表された化合物の製造に必要な中間体(2)
【化7】
Figure 2004359578
[R、R、については前記と同じ意味を示し、Rについては置換されて良いC7〜16のアラルキル基を示す]
に関するものである。
【0018】
ここでC7〜16のアラルキル基の例としては、ベンジル基、1−フェニルエチル基、2−フェニルエチル基、1−メチル−1−フェニルエチル基、1−ナフチルメチル基、2−ナフチルメチル基等が挙げられる。
アラルキル基の置換基としては、
フッ素、塩素、臭素原子等のハロゲン原子;
メチル基、エチル基、プロピル基、イソプロピル基、ブチル基、イソブチル基、t−ブチル基、ペンチル基、イソペンチル基、ヘキシル基、イソヘキシル基、ヘプチル基、イソヘプチル基、オクチル基、イソオクチル基、シクロプロピル基、シクロブチル基、2−メチルシクロプロピル基、シクロプロピルメチル基、シクロペンチル基、シクロヘキシル基等のC1〜8の直鎖、分岐あるいは環状のアルキル基;
フェニル基、1−ナフチル基、2−ナフチル基、1−アントリル基、2−アントリル基、9−アントリル基、1−フェナントリル基、2−フェナントリル基等のC6〜14のアリール基;
メチルオキシ基、エチルオキシ基、プロピルオキシ基、イソプロピルオキシ基、ブチルオキシ基、イソブチルオキシ基、s−ブチルオキシ基、t−ブチルオキシ基、ペンチルオキシ基、イソペンチルオキシ基、ヘキシルオキシ基、ヘプチルオキシ基、オクチルオキシ基、シクロプロピルオキシ基、シクロブチルオキシ基、2−メチルシクロプロピルオキシ基、シクロプロピルメチルオキシ基、シクロペンチルオキシ基、シクロヘキシルオキシ等のC1〜8の直鎖、分岐あるいは環状のアルコキシ基が挙げられる。
【0019】
その中でも好ましくは、一般式(2)のRが置換されていても良いベンジル基である場合が中間体として有用である。その例として以下の構造の化合物を挙げることができる。
【0020】
【化8】
Figure 2004359578
【0021】
[式中、R、Rは前記と同じ意味を示し;R,Rはそれぞれ独立して置換されていても良いC1〜8の直鎖あるいは分岐のアルキル基、置換されていても良いC6〜14のアリ−ル基、または置換されていても良いC7〜C16のアラルキル基;
はハロゲン原子、C1〜8の直鎖、分岐あるいは環状のアルキル基、C6〜10の置換基を有していても良いアリ−ル基、または置換基を有していても良いC7〜C11のアラルキル基を示す]
【0022】
Yについてはカルボキシル基または置換されていてもよいメチル基を示す。
メチル基の置換基としては、塩素、臭素、ヨウ素等のハロゲン原子または水酸基が挙げられる。
【0023】
本発明の化合物は以下のようにして製造することが可能である。
式(2)で表される光学活性な中間体で、Yがカルボキシル基である式(3)
【化9】
Figure 2004359578
[式中、*は軸不斉を有することを意味し、R、R、Rは式(2)記載の基と同じ意味を示す]
で表される化合物は、中間体(3)のラセミ体と光学活性な化合物A
【化10】
Figure 2004359578
[式中、*は軸不斉を有することを意味し、R、R、Rは式(2)記載の基と同じ意味を示す]
とのエステル体(4)
【化11】
Figure 2004359578
[式中、*は軸不斉を有することを意味し、R、R、Rは式(2)記載の基と同じ意味を示す]
を製造した後、物性の違いにより式(4a)と式(4b)のジアステレオマーを分割、これを加水分解することにより製造することができる。
中間体(3)のラセミ体と光学活性な化合物Aとのエステル化は公知の方法、例えば日本化学会編第4版実験化学講座22,43〜83頁(丸善)記載の方法を参考に行うことができる。
【0024】
この一般式(4)のジアステレオマーは、物性の違いにより、例えばシリカゲルカラムクロマトグラフィーにより分離することができる。分離したジアステレオマーは、公知な方法、例えば日本化学会編第4版実験化学講座22,6〜11頁(丸善)の方法により加水分解をすることによって、光学活性な一般式(3)の化合物を得ることができる。この加水分解において、化合物Aを回収し再利用する事が可能であり、工業的に安価に式(3)の光学活性体を製造する事ができる。
【0025】
一般式(1)で表される化合物は、光学活性な中間体(3)を還元した後、ハロゲン化し、アンモニアで処理する事によって得ることができる。具体的には、光学活性な中間体(3)のカルボキシル基を還元できる試剤により水酸基に還元し、式(5)
【化12】
Figure 2004359578
[式中、*は軸不斉を有することを意味し、R、R、Rは式(2)記載の基と同じ意味を示す]
で表される化合物を得て、水酸基を塩素、臭素、ヨウ素などのハロゲン原子に変換し式(6)
【化13】
Figure 2004359578
[式中、*は軸不斉を有することを意味し、R、R、Rは式(2)記載の基と同じ意味を示す、*は軸不斉を有することを示し、Wはハロゲン原子を示す。]
で表される化合物を製造することができる。
【0026】
カルボキシル基を還元できる試薬としては、例えば日本化学会編第4版実験化学講座20,10〜141頁(丸善)に記載された試薬を使用でき、代表的な例としてLiAlHを挙げることができる。
水酸基のハロゲン原子への変換は日本化学会編第4版実験化学講座19,438〜445頁(丸善)記載の方法によって行うことができる。
【0027】
式(1)の化合物は、適当な溶媒に溶解した式(6)の化合物とアンモニアを反応させる反応により製造することができる。
この反応で使われる溶媒は、式(6)の化合物を溶解することができ、式(6)の化合物と反応しなければ特に制限はないが、メタノール、エタノール、プロパノ−ル等のアルコール、アセトニトリル等を例示することができる。アンモニアとの反応はアンモニアを直接式(6)の溶液中に吹き込んで反応させるほか、アンモニアの溶液を式(6)の溶液に適下することによって行うことができる。
【0028】
このようにして製造される式(1)で示される化合物は、α−アミノ酸誘導体の不斉アルキル化反応において使用された場合、高い光学純度を有する反応生成物を与えることができる。
【0029】
【実施例】
次に、実施例、参考例により本発明をさらに詳細に説明する。なお本発明はこれに限定されるものではない。
【0030】
実施例1 式(8)または(9)で示される化合物の製造
【化14】
Figure 2004359578
トルエン10mlを溶媒として塩化チオニル0.5mlと4,4’−Bis−(α,α‐imethylbenzyl)−6,6’−dimethylbiphenyl−2,2’−dicarboxylic Acid(7)120mgを還流下2時間反応させた。減圧下にてトルエンおよび過剰量の塩化チオニルを除去した後、塩化メチレン5ml、トリエチルアミン1mlを加え、0℃にて、(R)−BINOL80mgを添加した。反応溶液を室温まで昇温したのち、20時間攪拌を行った。反応終了後、反応混合物に1N塩酸5mlを加えエーテルにて抽出を行った。乾燥・濃縮後、シリカゲルカラムクロマトグラフィー(ヘキサン:酢酸エチル=20:1)により精製を行い対応するエステル体をそれぞれ単離した(収率30%)。
式(8):H NMR(400MHz,CDCl)δ6.89−7.95(26H,m,ArH),1.54(6H,s,ArCH),1.43(6H,ArCCH),1.39(6H,ArCCH).
式(9):H NMR(400MHz,CDCl)δ7.04−7.93(26H,m,ArH),1.92(6H,s,ArCH),1.58(12H,ArCCH).
【0031】
実施例2 (R)−4,4’−Bis−(α,α−dimethylbenzyl)−6,6’−dimethylbiphenyl−2,2’−dicarboxylic Acid(10)の製造
【化15】
Figure 2004359578
式(9)で表される化合物200mgをエタノール10mlに溶解し、1N水酸化カリウム水溶液2mlを用いて加水分解を行った。反応終了後、1N塩酸にて液性を酸性にした。次に分離した油層を飽和炭酸カリウム水溶液で再びアルカリ性に戻し、(R)−BINOL(油層)と目的のカルボン酸(水層)を分割した。水層は再び1N塩酸によって酸性にして酢酸エチルを用いて抽出を行い目的物のカルボン酸を定量的に得た。
[α] 22=−27.8°(c0.31,CHCl);H NMR
(400MHz,CDCl)δ7.73(2H,s,ArH),7.15−7.28(12H,m,ArH),1.82(6H,s,ArCH),1.72(12H,s,ArCCH);m.p.=180−183°C
【0032】
実施例3 4,4’−Bis−(α,α−dimethylbenzyl)−2,2’−bis−(hydroxymethyl)−6,6’−dimethylbiphenyl(11)の製造
【化16】
Figure 2004359578
テトラヒドロフラン(30ml)還流下、LiAlH30mgを用いて(R)−4,4’−Bis−(α,α−dimethylbenzyl)−6,6’−dimethylbiphenyl−2,2’−dicarboxylic Acid(10)130mgを還元した。反応終了後、酢酸エチル、少量の水を加えた後、セライトにて濾過を行い目的物を定量的に得た。
H NMR(400MHz,CDCl)δ7.18−7.29(12H,m,ArH),7.05(2H,s,ArH),4.22(2H,d,J=11.6Hz,ArCH),4.12(2H,d,J=11.2Hz,ArCH),1.80(6H,s,ArCH),1.71(12H,s,ArCCH
【0033】
実施例4 4,4’−Bis−(α,α−dimethylbenzyl)−2,2’−bis−(bromomethyl)−6,6’−dimethylbiphenyl(12)の製造
【化17】
Figure 2004359578
塩化メチレン20mlに4,4’−Bis−(α,α−dimethylbenzyl)−2,2’−bis−(hydroxymethyl)−6,6’−dimethylbiphenyl(11)700mgを溶解し、0℃にてPBr540mgを滴下した。反応溶液を徐々に室温まで昇温した後、更に1時間攪拌した。反応終了後、氷水を加え塩化メチレンで抽出した。乾燥・濃縮後、カラムクロマトグラフィー(ヘキサン:酢酸エチル=10:1)にて生成物を単離した。(収率82%)
H NMR(400MHz,CDCl)δ7.19−7.30(12H,m,ArH),7.06(2H,s,ArH),4.13(2H,d,J=2.8Hz,ArCH),1.91(6H,s,ArCH),1.72(12H,s,ArCCH).
【0034】
実施例5 光学活性4級アンモニウム塩化合物(13)の製造
【化18】
Figure 2004359578
アセトニトリル10mlを溶媒として、2.0Mアンモニア−エタノール溶液(1.0ml)とブロモ体4,4’−Bis−(α,α−dimethylbenzyl)−2,2’−bis−(bromomethyl)−6,6’−dimethylbiphenyl(12)40mgを室温・48時間反応させた。反応終了後、反応溶液を濃縮した後、シリカゲルカラムクロマトグラフィー(塩化メチレン:メタノール=10:1)により目的物を得た。(収率75%)
[α] 22=+156.2°(c0.31,CHCl);H NM
R(400MHz,CDCl)δ7.04−7.37(28H,m,ArH),3.87(2H,d,J=13.2Hz,ArCH),3.67(2H,d,J=13.2Hz,ArCH),2.18(12H,s,ArCH),1.68(24H,s,ArCCH;m.p.=220−222°C
【0035】
参考例1 光学活性4級アンモニウム塩化合物(13)を使用したα−アミノ酸の不斉アルキル化
【化19】
Figure 2004359578
0℃にて、PhCH3(2ml)にBenzhydrylideneaminoacetic acid tert−butyl ester(14)74mgと式(13)で示される光学活性4級アンモニウム塩2.4mgとBnBr36ulとを加える。この溶液に、攪拌しながら53%KOH水溶液0.5mlを滴下した。反応溶液を−20℃にて、6時間攪拌した後、水、エーテルを加え抽出した。エーテル層を濃縮し、カラムクロマトグラフィー(ヘキサン:エーテル=15:1)により精製を行い目的の2−(Benzhydrylideneamino)−3−phenylpropionic acid tert−butyl ester(15)86mg(収率90%、光学純度97%e.e.)を得た。
【0036】
参考例2 5−(α,α−Dimethylbenzyl)−2−iodo−3−methylnitrobenzene(17)の製造
【化20】
Figure 2004359578
5−(α,α−Dimethylbenzyl)−2−iodo−3−methylnitroaniline(特許公開昭61−165353の実施例により合成)1.81gの酢酸溶液に0℃にて濃硫酸5ml、次いで亜硝酸ナトリウム697mgを加えた。反応溶液を10℃以下に保ちながら4時間攪拌した後、ヨウ化カリウム3.68g、ヨウ素1.0g水溶液を加え更に室温にて20時間攪拌を行った。反応溶液に亜硫酸ナトリウムを加え反応を終了させ、エーテル溶媒を用いて抽出操作を行った。抽出溶液を減圧濃縮の後、目的物を得た。生成物はカラム精製することなく、次の製造に用いた。
H NMR(400MHz,CDCl)δ7.18−7.32(7H,m,ArH),2.50(3H,s,ArCH),1.67(24H,s,ArCCH).
【0037】
参考例3 4,4’−Bis−(α,α−dimethylbenzyl)−2,2’−dimethyl−6,6’−dinitrobiphenyl(18)の製造
【化21】
Figure 2004359578
アルゴン気流下、DMF3mlに5−(α,α−Dimethylbenzyl)−2−iodo−3−methylnitrobenzene380mgを溶解し、銅0.5gを触媒として加えて160℃で一晩攪拌した。反応終了後、室温まで戻しセライトにて金属銅を除去した後、シリカゲルカラムクロマトグラフィー(ヘキサン:酢酸エチル=5:1)により精製し、目的物を得た。(収率60%)
H NMR(400MHz,CDCl)δ7.87(2H,s,ArH),7.23−7.34(12H,m,ArH),1.90(6H,s,ArCH),1.75(12H,s,ArCCH).
【0038】
参考例4 4,4’−Bis−(α,α−dimethylbenzyl)−2,2’−diamino−6,6’−dimethylbiphenyl(19)の製造
【化22】
Figure 2004359578
4,4’−Bis−(α,α−dimethylbenzyl)−2,2’−dimethyl−6,6’−dinitrobiphenyl(19)1.1g、触媒量のFeCl/6HO(2mol%)・活性炭0.5gをメタノール10mlに溶かし還流させた。この溶液にヒドラジン1水和物0.6mlをゆっくり滴下し、更に4時間還流させた。反応終了後、セライトにて濾過を行ったのち減圧濃縮し目的物を定量的に得た。
H NMR(400MHz,CDCl)δ6.46−7.30(12H,m,ArH),6.58(2H,s,NH),6.46(2H,s,NH),1.91(6H,s,ArCH3),1.66(12H,s,ArCCH).
【0039】
参考例5 4,4’−Bis−(α,α−dimethylbenzyl)−2,2’−diiodo−6,6’−dimethylbiphenyl(20)の製造
【化23】
Figure 2004359578
0℃にて、4,4’−Bis−(α,α−dimethylbenzyl)−2,2’−diamino−6,6’−dimethylbiphenyl(20)1.4gに、6.0M硫酸20mlを加えて1時間攪拌した。反応溶液を0℃に冷やし、亜硝酸ナトリウム642mgを加え、続いてヨウ化カリウム3.05gを加えた。反応混合物を80℃にて3時間攪拌を行った。反応終了後、溶液に亜硫酸ナトリウムを加え反応を終了させ、エーテル溶媒を用いて抽出操作を行った。乾燥・減圧濃縮の後、目的物を得た。生成物はカラム精製することなく、次の製造工程に用いた。
H NMR(400MHz,CDCl)δ7.67(2H,s,ArH),7.10−7.29(12H,m,ArH),1.94(6H,s,ArCH),1.68(12H,s,ArCCH).
【0040】
4,4’−Bis−(α,α−dimethylbenzyl)−6,6’−dimethylbiphenyl−2,2’−dicarboxylic acid dimethyl ester(21)の製造
【化24】
Figure 2004359578
Pd(OAc)(1mol%)−dppp(2mol%)を触媒とし、塩基としてiPrNEt2mlを用い、メタノール(30ml)溶媒中4,4’−Bis−(α,α−dimethylbenzyl)−2,2’−diiodo−6,6’−dimethylbiphenyl1.3g(0)を一酸化炭素圧10気圧にて80℃、30時間反応を行った。反応終了後、触媒はセライトを用いて除去した後、シリカゲルカラムクロマトグラフィーにより精製し(ヘキサン:酢酸エチル=9:1)目的物を得た(収率75%)。
H NMR(400MHz,CDCl)δ7.76(2H,s,ArH),7.18−7.29(12H,m,ArH),3.50(6H,s,ArCOCH),1.84(6H,s,ArCH),1.73(12H,s,ArCCH).
【0041】
4,4’−Bis−(α,α−dimethylbenzyl)−6,6’−dimethylbi
phenyl−2,2’−dicarboxylic acid(7)の製造
【化25】
Figure 2004359578
4,4’−Bis−(α,α−dimethylbenzyl)−6,6’−dimethylbiphenyl−2,2’−dicarboxylic acid dimethyl ester(0)800mgをエタノール10mlに溶解し、1.0N−KOH水溶液.2mlを用いて加水分解反応を室温で行った。反応終了後、希塩酸にて液性を酸性にした後、酢酸エチルを用いて抽出を行い目的物を定量的に得た。
H NMR(400MHz,CDCl)δ7.73(2H,s,ArH),7.15−7.28(12H,m,ArH),1.82(6H,s,ArCH),1.72(12H,s,ArCCH).
【0042】
【発明の効果】
本発明によれば、軸不斉を有する光学活性な新規4級アンモニウム塩が工業的に有利に得ることができ、当該化合物を用いれば、天然または非天然のいずれを問わず、各種のアミノ酸誘導体を立体選択的に合成することができる。[0001]
TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to an optically active quaternary ammonium salt compound useful as a chiral phase transfer catalyst, and more particularly to a novel optically active spiro-type quaternary ammonium salt and an intermediate for producing the compound.
[0002]
[Prior art]
The present inventors have disclosed many compounds related to optically active spiro-type quaternary ammonium salts. For example, the following formula described in Patent Document 1
Embedded image
Figure 2004359578
Discloses that the compound functions extremely effectively as a phase transfer catalyst for synthesizing optically active α-amino acids, whether natural or unnatural.
[0003]
However, since the optically active spiro-type quaternary ammonium salt described in the above-mentioned document is composed of two kinds of optically active binaphthyl derivatives having different substituents, it is expensive and has a problem in industrial use. . Therefore, development of an effective, easily available and inexpensive practical optically active spiro-type quaternary ammonium salt as a phase transfer catalyst for synthesizing an optically active α-amino acid has been desired.
[0004]
[Patent Document 1]
JP 2001-48866 A
[Patent Document 2]
JP 2002-326992 A
[Patent Document 3]
JP 2003-81976 A
[Non-patent document 1]
J. Am. Chem. Soc. 121, No. 27, p. 6519, 1999.
[Non-patent document 2]
J. Am. Chem. Soc. 122, No. 21, p. 5228, 2000.
[0005]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
The present invention relates to an optically active spiro-type quaternary ammonium salt composed of a biphenyl-type axially asymmetric optically active compound having the same substituent, wherein the phase-transfer catalyst is natural or non-natural. Another object of the present invention is to provide a compound having an excellent effect on the synthesis of optically active amino acids.
[0006]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The present inventors have conducted intensive studies to solve the above problems, and as a result, studied various axially asymmetric compounds, and found that an optically active spiro-type quaternary ammonium salt composed of an optically active biphenyl derivative has an optically active property. They have found that they have an excellent effect on amino acid synthesis, and have finally completed the present invention.
[0007]
That is, the present invention relates to the general formula (1)
Embedded image
Figure 2004359578
[Where,
R1Is a halogen atom, a nitro group, a C1 to C8 linear or branched or cyclic alkyl group which may have a substituent, or a C2 to 8 linear or branched alkenyl group which may have a substituent. A C2-8 linear or branched alkynyl group which may have a substituent, a C6 to C14 aryl group which may have a substituent, C3-8 which may have a substituent A heteroaryl group, a C1-C8 linear or branched or cyclic alkoxy group which may have a substituent, or a C7-C16 aralkyl group which may have a substituent,
R3Is a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, a nitro group, a C1-C8 linear or branched or cyclic alkyl group which may have a substituent, a C2-8 linear or branched which may have a substituent. Alkenyl group, C2-C8 linear or branched alkynyl group which may have a substituent, C6-C14 aryl group which may have a substituent, may have a substituent C1 to C8 linear, branched or cyclic alkoxy groups, or C7 to C16 aralkyl groups which may have a substituent,
Also R1And R3May or may not contain one or two oxygen atoms and may combine to form a ring,
R2Is a halogen atom, a nitro group, a C1 to C8 linear or branched or cyclic alkyl group which may have a substituent, or a C2 to 8 linear or branched alkenyl group which may have a substituent. A C2-C8 linear or branched alkynyl group which may have a substituent, a C6-C14 aryl group which may have a substituent, C1-C8 which may have a substituent A linear, branched or cyclic alkoxy group, a C7 to C16 aralkyl group which may have a substituent, or a silyl group which may have a substituent,
R2Is at the 3- or 4-position,
* Indicates that the compound has axial asymmetry, and X indicates an anion or an anionic group. ]
An optically active quaternary ammonium salt compound represented by the formula: and a general formula (2) useful for producing the compound represented by the formula (1)
Embedded image
Figure 2004359578
[Wherein, R1And R3Represents a group similar to the substituent of the formula (1),
R4Represents an optionally substituted C7-16 aralkyl group;
Y represents a methyl group or a carboxy group which may be substituted. ]
A biphenyl compound represented by the formula:
[0008]
BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
Since the general formula (1) is constituted by an optically active axially asymmetric biphenyl group, the compound has two kinds of optical isomers S, S- isomers according to the symbol indicating the optically active of the axially asymmetric biphenyl group. There are R, R-forms, all of which are included in the present invention.
[0009]
In the general formula (1), R1Is a halogen atom, a nitro group, a C1-C8 linear or branched or cyclic alkyl group which may have a substituent, a C2-8 linear or branched alkenyl group which may have a substituent, A C2-8 linear or branched alkynyl group which may have a substituent, a C6 to C14 aryl group which may have a substituent, and a C3-8 heteroaryl group which may have a substituent. A C1-C8 linear, branched or cyclic alkoxy group which may have a substituent or a C7-C16 aralkyl group which may have a substituent.
[0010]
Examples of halogen atoms include fluorine, chlorine, and bromine atoms;
Examples of C1-C8 linear, branched or cyclic alkyl groups include methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl, isobutyl, t-butyl, pentyl, isopentyl, hexyl, Isohexyl, heptyl, isoheptyl, octyl, isooctyl, cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, 2-methylcyclopropyl, cyclopropylmethyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, etc .;
Examples of C2-8 linear or branched alkenyl groups include vinyl, 1-propenyl, 2-propenyl, isopropenyl, 1-butenyl, 2-butenyl, 3-butenyl, -Pentenyl group, 2-pentenyl group, 3-pentenyl group, 4-pentenyl group, 1-methyl-2-butenyl group, 1-methyl-3-butenyl group, 1,1-dimethyl-2-propenyl group, 3-methyl-2- Butenyl group, 1-hexenyl group, 2-hexenyl group, 3-hexenyl group, 4-hexenyl group, 5-hexenyl group, 2-methyl-1-pentenyl group, 3-methyl-1-pentenyl group, 4-methyl-1-pentenyl Group, 2-methyl-2-pentenyl group, 3-methyl-2-pentenyl group, 2-ethyl-1-butenyl group, 3,3-dimethyl-1-butenyl group, 1- A p-thenyl group, a 2-heptenyl group, a 3-heptenyl group, a 1-octenyl group, a 2-octenyl group, a 3-octenyl group, a 4-octenyl group, and the like; Examples of a C2-8 linear or branched alkynyl group include: Ethynyl group, 1-propynyl group, 2-propynyl group, 1-butynyl group, 2-butynyl group, 3-butynyl group, 1-pentynyl group, 2-pentynyl group, 3-pentynyl group, 4-pentynyl group, 4 -Methyl-1-pentenyl group, 1-hexynyl group, 1-octynyl group and the like;
Examples of C6-C14 aryl groups include phenyl, 1-naphthyl, 2-naphthyl, 1-anthryl, 2-anthryl, 9-anthryl, 1-phenanthryl, 2-phenanthryl, 3 -Phenanthryl group, 4-phenanthryl group, 9-phenanthryl group, 10-phenanthryl group and the like;
Examples of the C3-8 heteroaryl group include 2-pyridyl, 3-pyridyl, 4-pyridyl, 2-quinonyl, 3-quinonyl, 4-quinonyl, 5-quinonyl, and 6-quinonyl. Group, 7-quinonyl group, 8-quinonyl group, 2-indolyl group, 3-indolyl group, 4-indolyl group, 5-indolyl group, 6-indolyl group, 7-indolyl group, 2-furyl group, 3-furyl Group, 2-thienyl group, 3-thienyl group, 2-pyrrolidyl group, 3-pyrrolidyl group, 2-imidazolyl group, 4-imidazolyl group, 5-imidazolyl group, 2-oxazolyl, 4-oxazolyl group, 5-oxazolyl group , 2-thiazolyl group, 4-thiazolyl group, 5-thiazolyl group and the like;
Examples of C1-8 linear, branched or cyclic alkoxy groups include methyloxy, ethyloxy, propyloxy, isopropyloxy, butyloxy, isobutyloxy, s-butyloxy, t-butyloxy, Pentyloxy, isopentyloxy, hexyloxy, heptyloxy, octyloxy, cyclopropyloxy, cyclobutyloxy, 2-methylcyclopropyloxy, cyclopropylmethyloxy, cyclopentyloxy, cyclohexyl Oxy and the like;
Examples of the C7-16 aralkyl group include a benzyl group, a 1-phenylethyl group, a 2-phenylethyl group, a 1-methyl1-phenylethyl group, a 1-naphthylmethyl group, a 2-naphthylmethyl group, and the like;
Can be mentioned.
[0011]
As a substituent of these groups, halogen atoms such as fluorine, chlorine, and bromine atoms;
Methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl, isobutyl, t-butyl, pentyl, isopentyl, hexyl, isohexyl, heptyl, isoheptyl, octyl, isooctyl, cyclopropyl A C1-8 linear, branched or cyclic alkyl group such as a cyclobutyl group, a 2-methylcyclopropyl group, a cyclopropylmethyl group, a cyclopentyl group and a cyclohexyl group;
A C6-14 aryl group such as a phenyl group, a 1-naphthyl group, a 2-naphthyl group, a 1-anthryl group, a 2-anthryl group, a 9-anthryl group, a 1-phenanthryl group, and a 2-phenanthryl group;
Methyloxy group, ethyloxy group, propyloxy group, isopropyloxy group, butyloxy group, isobutyloxy group, s-butyloxy group, t-butyloxy group, pentyloxy group, isopentyloxy group, hexyloxy group, heptyloxy group, octyl A C1-8 linear, branched or cyclic alkoxy group such as an oxy group, a cyclopropyloxy group, a cyclobutyloxy group, a 2-methylcyclopropyloxy group, a cyclopropylmethyloxy group, a cyclopentyloxy group, and a cyclohexyloxy;
Examples thereof include aralkyl groups having 7 to 16 carbon atoms such as benzyl group, 2-phenylethyl group, 1-naphthylmethyl group, and 2-naphthylmethyl group.
[0012]
In the general formula (1), R3The above R1And a hydrogen atom in addition to the same substituents as described above.
[0013]
Also R1And R3May be bonded with or without one or two oxygen atoms to form a 5- or 6-membered ring, and specific examples thereof include a structure represented by the following formula.
Embedded image
Figure 2004359578
[0014]
In the general formula (1), R2Is R1In addition to the same substituents as described above, there is an optionally substituted silyl group, and examples of the substituent of the silyl group include
Methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl, isobutyl, t-butyl, pentyl, isopentyl, hexyl, isohexyl, heptyl, isoheptyl, octyl, isooctyl, cyclopropyl A C1-8 linear, branched or cyclic alkyl group such as a cyclobutyl group, a 2-methylcyclopropyl group, a cyclopropylmethyl group, a cyclopentyl group, a cyclohexyl group;
A C6-14 aryl group such as a phenyl group, a 1-naphthyl group, a 2-naphthyl group, a 1-anthryl group, a 2-anthryl group, a 9-anthryl group, a 1-phenanthryl group, and a 2-phenanthryl group;
Examples thereof include an aralkyl group having 7 to 16 carbon atoms such as a benzyl group, a 2-phenylethyl group, a 1-naphthylmethyl group, and a 2-naphthylmethyl group.
[0015]
Further, specific examples of the silyl group which may be substituted include a methylsilyl group, a t-butyldimethylsilyl group, a t-butyldiphenylsilyl group, and a tribenzylsilyl group.
[0016]
X in the formula (1) represents an anionic atom or an anionic atom. Specific examples thereof include an anion atom of a halogen such as fluorine, chlorine, bromine, and iodine; a hydroxyl group, an alkoxy group, an acetoxy group, and HCO.2Group, HSO4Group, ClO4Group, HF2 Group, BF4 And an anionic group such as a group.
[0017]
The present invention also provides an intermediate (2) required for producing the compound represented by the formula (1).
Embedded image
Figure 2004359578
[R1, R3Has the same meaning as described above, and R4Represents a C7-16 aralkyl group which may be substituted.
It is about.
[0018]
Here, examples of the C7-16 aralkyl group include a benzyl group, a 1-phenylethyl group, a 2-phenylethyl group, a 1-methyl-1-phenylethyl group, a 1-naphthylmethyl group, a 2-naphthylmethyl group and the like. Is mentioned.
As the substituent of the aralkyl group,
Halogen atoms such as fluorine, chlorine and bromine atoms;
Methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl, isobutyl, t-butyl, pentyl, isopentyl, hexyl, isohexyl, heptyl, isoheptyl, octyl, isooctyl, cyclopropyl A C1-8 linear, branched or cyclic alkyl group such as a cyclobutyl group, a 2-methylcyclopropyl group, a cyclopropylmethyl group, a cyclopentyl group, a cyclohexyl group;
A C6-14 aryl group such as a phenyl group, a 1-naphthyl group, a 2-naphthyl group, a 1-anthryl group, a 2-anthryl group, a 9-anthryl group, a 1-phenanthryl group, and a 2-phenanthryl group;
Methyloxy group, ethyloxy group, propyloxy group, isopropyloxy group, butyloxy group, isobutyloxy group, s-butyloxy group, t-butyloxy group, pentyloxy group, isopentyloxy group, hexyloxy group, heptyloxy group, octyl C1-8 straight-chain, branched or cyclic alkoxy groups such as an oxy group, a cyclopropyloxy group, a cyclobutyloxy group, a 2-methylcyclopropyloxy group, a cyclopropylmethyloxy group, a cyclopentyloxy group, and a cyclohexyloxy group; Can be
[0019]
Among them, R of the general formula (2) is preferable.4Is useful as an intermediate when it is a benzyl group which may be substituted. Examples thereof include compounds having the following structures.
[0020]
Embedded image
Figure 2004359578
[0021]
[Wherein, R1, R3Has the same meaning as described above;5, R6Is independently a C1-8 linear or branched alkyl group which may be substituted, an optionally substituted C6-14 aryl group, or an optionally substituted C7-C16 aralkyl. Group;
R7Is a halogen atom, a C1-8 linear, branched or cyclic alkyl group, a C6-10 aryl group which may have a substituent, or a C7-C11 group which may have a substituent. Represents an aralkyl group]
[0022]
Y represents a carboxyl group or a methyl group which may be substituted.
Examples of the substituent of the methyl group include a halogen atom such as chlorine, bromine and iodine or a hydroxyl group.
[0023]
The compound of the present invention can be produced as follows.
An optically active intermediate represented by the formula (2), wherein Y is a carboxyl group;
Embedded image
Figure 2004359578
[Wherein * means having axial asymmetry;1, R2, R3Has the same meaning as the group described in formula (2)]
Is a racemic intermediate (3) and an optically active compound A
Embedded image
Figure 2004359578
[Wherein * means having axial asymmetry;1, R2, R3Has the same meaning as the group described in formula (2)]
With ester (4)
Embedded image
Figure 2004359578
[Wherein * means having axial asymmetry;1, R2, R3Has the same meaning as the group described in formula (2)]
Is produced, the diastereomers of the formula (4a) and the formula (4b) are separated by a difference in physical properties, and the diastereomer is hydrolyzed.
The esterification of the racemic intermediate (3) with the optically active compound A is carried out with reference to a known method, for example, the method described in The Chemical Society of Japan, 4th edition, Experimental Chemistry Course 22, pages 43-83 (Maruzen). be able to.
[0024]
The diastereomer of the general formula (4) can be separated by, for example, silica gel column chromatography depending on the difference in physical properties. The separated diastereomer is hydrolyzed by a known method, for example, the method of Experimental Chemistry Lecture, edited by the Chemical Society of Japan, 4th edition, pp. 22, 6-11 (Maruzen) to obtain an optically active compound of the general formula (3). A compound can be obtained. In this hydrolysis, compound A can be recovered and reused, and the optically active compound of formula (3) can be produced industrially at low cost.
[0025]
The compound represented by the general formula (1) can be obtained by reducing the optically active intermediate (3), halogenating the intermediate, and treating with ammonia. Specifically, the carboxyl group of the optically active intermediate (3) is reduced to a hydroxyl group by an agent capable of reducing the carboxyl group, and the compound represented by the formula (5)
Embedded image
Figure 2004359578
[Wherein * means having axial asymmetry;1, R2, R3Has the same meaning as the group described in formula (2)]
Is obtained by converting a hydroxyl group into a halogen atom such as chlorine, bromine or iodine by the formula (6)
Embedded image
Figure 2004359578
[Wherein * means having axial asymmetry;1, R2, R3Represents the same meaning as the group described in formula (2), * represents axial asymmetry, and W represents a halogen atom. ]
Can be produced.
[0026]
As a reagent capable of reducing a carboxyl group, for example, a reagent described in The Chemical Society of Japan, 4th edition, Experimental Chemistry Lecture, pages 20, 10 to 141 (Maruzen) can be used.4Can be mentioned.
The conversion of the hydroxyl group to a halogen atom can be performed by the method described in Experimental Chemistry Lecture, edited by the Chemical Society of Japan, 4th edition, pages 19, 438 to 445 (Maruzen).
[0027]
The compound of the formula (1) can be produced by reacting the compound of the formula (6) dissolved in a suitable solvent with ammonia.
The solvent used in this reaction can dissolve the compound of the formula (6) and is not particularly limited as long as it does not react with the compound of the formula (6). However, alcohols such as methanol, ethanol and propanol, acetonitrile And the like. The reaction with ammonia can be carried out by directly blowing the ammonia into the solution of the formula (6) to cause the reaction, or by applying the ammonia solution to the solution of the formula (6).
[0028]
When the compound represented by formula (1) thus produced is used in an asymmetric alkylation reaction of an α-amino acid derivative, it can give a reaction product having high optical purity.
[0029]
【Example】
Next, the present invention will be described in more detail with reference to Examples and Reference Examples. The present invention is not limited to this.
[0030]
Example 1 Production of compound represented by formula (8) or (9)
Embedded image
Figure 2004359578
Using 10 ml of toluene as a solvent, 0.5 ml of thionyl chloride and 120 mg of 4,4′-Bis- (α, α-methylbenzyl) -6,6′-dimethylbiphenyl-2,2′-dicarboxylic acid (7) are reacted under reflux for 2 hours under reflux. I let it. After removing toluene and an excessive amount of thionyl chloride under reduced pressure, 5 ml of methylene chloride and 1 ml of triethylamine were added, and at 0 ° C., 80 mg of (R) -BINOL was added. After the temperature of the reaction solution was raised to room temperature, stirring was performed for 20 hours. After completion of the reaction, 5 ml of 1N hydrochloric acid was added to the reaction mixture, and the mixture was extracted with ether. After drying and concentration, purification was performed by silica gel column chromatography (hexane: ethyl acetate = 20: 1), and the corresponding ester was isolated (yield 30%).
Equation (8):11 H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) Δ 6.89-7.95 (26H, m, ArH), 1.54 (6H, s, ArCH3), 1.43 (6H, ArCCH)3), 1.39 (6H, ArCCH)3).
Equation (9):11 H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) 7.04-7.93 (26H, m, ArH), 1.92 (6H, s, ArCH)3), 1.58 (12H, ArCCH)3).
[0031]
Example 2 Production of (R) -4,4'-Bis-([alpha], [alpha] -dimethylbenzyl) -6,6'-dimethylbiphenyl-2,2'-dicarboxyllic Acid (10)
Embedded image
Figure 2004359578
200 mg of the compound represented by the formula (9) was dissolved in 10 ml of ethanol, and hydrolysis was performed using 2 ml of a 1N aqueous solution of potassium hydroxide. After completion of the reaction, the liquid was made acidic with 1N hydrochloric acid. Next, the separated oil layer was returned to alkaline again with a saturated aqueous potassium carbonate solution, and (R) -BINOL (oil layer) and the desired carboxylic acid (water layer) were separated. The aqueous layer was acidified again with 1N hydrochloric acid and extracted with ethyl acetate to quantitatively obtain the desired carboxylic acid.
[Α]D 22= -27.8 ° (c 0.31, CHCl3);11 H NMR
(400 MHz, CDCl3) Δ 7.73 (2H, s, ArH), 7.15-7.28 (12H, m, ArH), 1.82 (6H, s, ArCH)3), 1.72 (12H, s, ArCCH)3); M. p. = 180-183 ° C
[0032]
Example 3 Production of 4,4'-Bis- (α, α-dimethylbenzyl) -2,2'-bis- (hydroxymethyl) -6,6'-dimethylbiphenyl (11)
Embedded image
Figure 2004359578
LiAlH under reflux of tetrahydrofuran (30 ml)4130 mg of (R) -4,4'-Bis-([alpha], [alpha] -dimethylbenzyl) -6,6'-dimethylbiphenyl-2,2'-dicarboxylic (10) was reduced using 30 mg. After completion of the reaction, ethyl acetate and a small amount of water were added, followed by filtration through Celite to quantitatively obtain the desired product.
11 H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) Δ 7.18-7.29 (12H, m, ArH), 7.05 (2H, s, ArH), 4.22 (2H, d, J = 11.6 Hz, ArCH2), 4.12 (2H, d, J = 11.2 Hz, ArCH2), 1.80 (6H, s, ArCH3), 1.71 (12H, s, ArCCH)3)
[0033]
Example 4 Production of 4,4'-Bis- (α, α-dimethylbenzyl) -2,2'-bis- (bromomethyl) -6,6'-dimethylbiphenyl (12)
Embedded image
Figure 2004359578
700 mg of 4,4′-Bis- (α, α-dimethylbenzyl) -2,2′-bis- (hydroxymethyl) -6,6′-dimethylbiphenyl (11) was dissolved in 20 ml of methylene chloride, and PBr was dissolved at 0 ° C.3540 mg were added dropwise. After the temperature of the reaction solution was gradually raised to room temperature, the mixture was further stirred for 1 hour. After completion of the reaction, ice water was added and the mixture was extracted with methylene chloride. After drying and concentration, the product was isolated by column chromatography (hexane: ethyl acetate = 10: 1). (Yield 82%)
11 H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) Δ 7.19-7.30 (12H, m, ArH), 7.06 (2H, s, ArH), 4.13 (2H, d, J = 2.8 Hz, ArCH2), 1.91 (6H, s, ArCH3), 1.72 (12H, s, ArCCH)3).
[0034]
Example 5 Production of Optically Active Quaternary Ammonium Salt Compound (13)
Embedded image
Figure 2004359578
Using 10 ml of acetonitrile as a solvent, a 2.0 M ammonia-ethanol solution (1.0 ml) and a bromo derivative 4,4′-Bis- (α, α-dimethylbenzyl) -2,2′-bis- (bromomethyl) -6,6 '-Dimethylbiphenyl (12) (40 mg) was reacted at room temperature for 48 hours. After completion of the reaction, the reaction solution was concentrated, and the target product was obtained by silica gel column chromatography (methylene chloride: methanol = 10: 1). (75% yield)
[Α]D 22= + 156.2 ° (c 0.31, CHCl3);1H NM
R (400 MHz, CDCl3) 7.04-7.37 (28H, m, ArH), 3.87 (2H, d, J = 13.2 Hz, ArCH2), 3.67 (2H, d, J = 13.2 Hz, ArCH2), 2.18 (12H, s, ArCH3), 1.68 (24H, s, ArCCH)3M. p. = 220-222 ° C
[0035]
Reference Example 1 Asymmetric alkylation of α-amino acid using optically active quaternary ammonium salt compound (13)
Embedded image
Figure 2004359578
At 0 ° C., 74 mg of Benzhydryllideneaminoacetic acid tert-butyl ester (14), 2.4 mg of an optically active quaternary ammonium salt represented by the formula (13) and 36 ul of BnBr are added to PhCH3 (2 ml). To this solution, 0.5 ml of a 53% KOH aqueous solution was added dropwise with stirring. After the reaction solution was stirred at -20 ° C for 6 hours, water and ether were added for extraction. The ether layer is concentrated, and purified by column chromatography (hexane: ether = 15: 1) to perform 86-mg (90% yield, 90% optical purity) of the desired 2- (benzhydryllideneamino) -3-phenylpropionic acid tert-butyl ester (15). 97% ee).
[0036]
Reference Example 2 Production of 5- (α, α-Dimethylbenzyl) -2-iodo-3-methylnitrobenzene (17)
Embedded image
Figure 2004359578
5- (α, α-Dimethylbenzyl) -2-iodo-3-methylnitroaniline (synthesized according to Examples of Patent Publication No. 61-165353) 5 ml of concentrated sulfuric acid at 0 ° C. in 1.81 g of acetic acid solution, and then 697 mg of sodium nitrite Was added. After stirring the reaction solution at 10 ° C. or lower for 4 hours, an aqueous solution of 3.68 g of potassium iodide and 1.0 g of iodine was added, followed by stirring at room temperature for 20 hours. Sodium sulfite was added to the reaction solution to terminate the reaction, and an extraction operation was performed using an ether solvent. After the extract was concentrated under reduced pressure, the desired product was obtained. The product was used for the next production without column purification.
11 H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) Δ 7.18-7.32 (7H, m, ArH), 2.50 (3H, s, ArCH)3), 1.67 (24H, s, ArCCH)3).
[0037]
Reference Example 3 Production of 4,4'-Bis- (α, α-dimethylbenzyl) -2,2'-dimethyl-6,6'-dinitrobiphenyl (18)
Embedded image
Figure 2004359578
Under an argon stream, 380 mg of 5- (α, α-dimethylbenzyl) -2-iodo-3-methylnitrobenzene was dissolved in 3 ml of DMF, and 0.5 g of copper was added as a catalyst, followed by stirring at 160 ° C. overnight. After the reaction was completed, the temperature was returned to room temperature, metal copper was removed with Celite, and the product was purified by silica gel column chromatography (hexane: ethyl acetate = 5: 1) to obtain the desired product. (60% yield)
11 H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) Δ 7.87 (2H, s, ArH), 7.23-7.34 (12H, m, ArH), 1.90 (6H, s, ArCH)3), 1.75 (12H, s, ArCCH)3).
[0038]
Reference Example 4 Production of 4,4′-Bis- (α, α-dimethylbenzyl) -2,2′-diamino-6,6′-dimethylbiphenyl (19)
Embedded image
Figure 2004359578
1.1 g of 4,4′-Bis- (α, α-dimethylbenzyl) -2,2′-dimethyl-6,6′-dinitrobiphenyl (19), FeCl in catalytic amount3/ 6H20.5 g of O (2 mol%) activated carbon was dissolved in 10 ml of methanol and refluxed. To this solution, 0.6 ml of hydrazine monohydrate was slowly dropped, and the mixture was further refluxed for 4 hours. After completion of the reaction, the mixture was filtered through Celite, and then concentrated under reduced pressure to quantitatively obtain the desired product.
11 H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) Δ 6.46-7.30 (12H, m, ArH), 6.58 (2H, s, NH2), 6.46 (2H, s, NH)2), 1.91 (6H, s, ArCH3), 1.66 (12H, s, ArCCH).3).
[0039]
Reference Example 5 Production of 4,4′-Bis- (α, α-dimethylbenzyl) -2,2′-diodo-6,6′-dimethylbiphenyl (20)
Embedded image
Figure 2004359578
At 0 ° C., 1.4 M of 4,4′-Bis- (α, α-dimethylbenzyl) -2,2′-diamino-6,6′-dimethylbiphenyl (20) was added with 20 ml of 6.0 M sulfuric acid to give 1 g. Stirred for hours. The reaction solution was cooled to 0 ° C., and 642 mg of sodium nitrite was added, followed by 3.05 g of potassium iodide. The reaction mixture was stirred at 80 ° C. for 3 hours. After completion of the reaction, sodium sulfite was added to the solution to terminate the reaction, and an extraction operation was performed using an ether solvent. After drying and concentration under reduced pressure, the desired product was obtained. The product was used for the next production step without column purification.
11 H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) Δ 7.67 (2H, s, ArH), 7.10-7.29 (12H, m, ArH), 1.94 (6H, s, ArCH)3), 1.68 (12H, s, ArCCH)3).
[0040]
Production of 4,4'-Bis-([alpha], [alpha] -dimethylbenzyl) -6,6'-dimethylbiphenyl-2,2'-dicarboxyl acid dimethyl ester (21)
Embedded image
Figure 2004359578
Pd (OAc)2(1 mol%)-dppp (2 mol%) as a catalyst and iPr as a base2Using 2 ml of NEt, 1.3 g (0) of 4,4′-Bis- (α, α-dimethylbenzyl) -2,2′-diiodo-6,6′-dimethylbiphenyl in a methanol (30 ml) solvent is carbon dioxide pressure 10 atm. At 80 ° C. for 30 hours. After completion of the reaction, the catalyst was removed using celite and purified by silica gel column chromatography (hexane: ethyl acetate = 9: 1) to obtain the desired product (yield: 75%).
11 H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) Δ 7.76 (2H, s, ArH), 7.18-7.29 (12H, m, ArH), 3.50 (6H, s, ArCO)2CH3), 1.84 (6H, s, ArCH3), 1.73 (12H, s, ArCCH)3).
[0041]
4,4'-Bis-([alpha], [alpha] -dimethylbenzyl) -6,6'-dimethylbi
Production of phenyl-2,2'-dicarboxylic acid (7)
Embedded image
Figure 2004359578
Dissolve 800 mg of 4,4'-Bis-([alpha], [alpha] -dimethylbenzyl) -6,6'-dimethylbiphenyl-2,2'-dicarboxylic acid dimethyl ester (0) in 10 ml of ethanol, and add a 1.0N-KOH aqueous solution. The hydrolysis reaction was performed at room temperature using 2 ml. After completion of the reaction, the solution was acidified with dilute hydrochloric acid and then extracted with ethyl acetate to obtain the desired product quantitatively.
11 H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) Δ 7.73 (2H, s, ArH), 7.15-7.28 (12H, m, ArH), 1.82 (6H, s, ArCH)3), 1.72 (12H, s, ArCCH)3).
[0042]
【The invention's effect】
According to the present invention, a novel optically active quaternary ammonium salt having axial asymmetry can be industrially advantageously obtained. If the compound is used, various amino acid derivatives, whether natural or non-natural, can be used. Can be synthesized stereoselectively.

Claims (7)

一般式(1)
Figure 2004359578
[式中、
はハロゲン原子、ニトロ基、置換基を有していても良いC1〜C8の直鎖、分岐あるいは環状のアルキル基、置換基を有していても良いC2〜8の直鎖あるいは分岐のアルケニル基、置換基を有していても良いC2〜8の直鎖あるいは分岐のアルキニル基、置換基を有していても良いC6〜C14のアリール基、置換基を有していても良いC3〜8のヘテロアリ−ル基、置換基を有していても良いC1〜C8の直鎖、分岐あるいは環状のアルコキシ基、または置換基を有していても良いC7〜C16のアラルキル基を示し、
は水素原子、ハロゲン原子、ニトロ基、置換基を有していても良いC1〜C8の直鎖、分岐あるいは環状のアルキル基、置換基を有していても良いC2〜8の直鎖あるいは分岐のアルケニル基、置換基を有していても良いC2〜8の直鎖あるいは分岐のアルキニル基、置換基を有していても良いC6〜C14のアリール基、置換基を有していても良いC1〜C8の直鎖、分岐あるいは環状のアルコキシ基、または置換基を有していても良いC7〜C16のアラルキル基を示し、
またRとRは1〜2個の酸素原子を含んで、あるいは含まないで、結合して環を形成しても良く、
はハロゲン原子、ニトロ基、置換基を有していても良いC1〜C8の直鎖、分岐あるいは環状のアルキル基、置換基を有していても良いC2〜8の直鎖あるいは分岐のアルケニル基、置換基を有していても良いC2〜8の直鎖あるいは分岐のアルキニル基、置換基を有していても良いC6〜C14のアリール基、置換基を有していても良いC1〜C8の直鎖、分岐あるいは環状のアルコキシ基、置換基を有していても良いC7〜C16のアラルキル基、または置換基を有していても良いシリル基を示し、
の置換位置は3位または4位であり、
*は軸不斉を有していることを示し、Xはアニオン又はアニオン性の基を示す。]
で表される光学活性4級アンモニウム塩化合物。
General formula (1)
Figure 2004359578
[Where,
R 1 is a halogen atom, a nitro group, a C1 to C8 linear or branched or cyclic alkyl group which may have a substituent, or a C2 to 8 linear or branched alkyl group which may have a substituent. Alkenyl group, C2-C8 linear or branched alkynyl group which may have a substituent, C6-C14 aryl group which may have a substituent, C3 which may have a substituent Represents a C1 to C8 straight-chain, branched or cyclic alkoxy group which may have a substituent or a C7 to C16 aralkyl group which may have a substituent,
R 3 is a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, a nitro group, a C1 to C8 linear group which may have a substituent, a branched or cyclic alkyl group, a C2 to 8 linear group which may have a substituent. Or a branched alkenyl group, a C2-8 linear or branched alkynyl group which may have a substituent, a C6 to C14 aryl group which may have a substituent, A C1 to C8 straight-chain, branched or cyclic alkoxy group, or a C7 to C16 aralkyl group which may have a substituent;
R 1 and R 3 may or may not contain one or two oxygen atoms and may combine to form a ring;
R 2 represents a halogen atom, a nitro group, a C1 to C8 linear or branched alkyl group which may have a substituent or a C2 to 8 linear or branched alkyl group which may have a substituent. Alkenyl group, C2-C8 linear or branched alkynyl group which may have a substituent, C6-C14 aryl group which may have a substituent, C1 which may have a substituent A C8 to C16 linear or branched or cyclic alkoxy group, an optionally substituted C7 to C16 aralkyl group, or an optionally substituted silyl group;
R 2 is substituted at the 3- or 4-position,
* Indicates that the compound has axial asymmetry, and X indicates an anion or an anionic group. ]
An optically active quaternary ammonium salt compound represented by the formula:
一般式(1)のRの置換位置が4位である請求項1記載の化合物。The compound according to claim 1, wherein the substitution position of R 2 in the general formula (1) is the 4-position. 一般式(1)のRが水素原子である請求項1〜2記載の化合物。The compound according to claim 1, wherein R 3 in the general formula (1) is a hydrogen atom. 一般式(2)
Figure 2004359578
[式中、R、Rは請求項1記載の置換基と同じ意味を示し、
は置換されていても良いC7〜16のアラルキル基を示し、
Yは置換されていても良いメチル基またはカルボキシル基を示し、
*は軸不斉を有するまたは有さない事を示す。]
で表されるビフェニル化合物。
General formula (2)
Figure 2004359578
[Wherein, R 1 and R 3 have the same meaning as the substituent described in claim 1,
R 4 represents an optionally substituted C7-16 aralkyl group;
Y represents a methyl group or a carboxyl group which may be substituted,
* Indicates having or not having axial asymmetry. ]
A biphenyl compound represented by the formula:
が置換されていても良いベンジル基である請求項4記載の化合物。The compound according to claim 4, wherein R 4 is a benzyl group which may be substituted. Yのメチル基の置換基が水酸基またはハロゲン原子である請求項4〜5記載の化合物。The compound according to claim 4, wherein the substituent of the methyl group of Y is a hydroxyl group or a halogen atom. 一般式(2)の化合物で軸不斉を有する請求項4〜6記載の化合物。The compound according to claim 4, wherein the compound of the formula (2) has axial asymmetry.
JP2003158109A 2003-06-03 2003-06-03 Optically active quaternary ammonium salt compound and synthetic intermediate thereof Expired - Fee Related JP4322051B2 (en)

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