JP2004353608A - Centrifugal compressor - Google Patents

Centrifugal compressor Download PDF

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Publication number
JP2004353608A
JP2004353608A JP2003154540A JP2003154540A JP2004353608A JP 2004353608 A JP2004353608 A JP 2004353608A JP 2003154540 A JP2003154540 A JP 2003154540A JP 2003154540 A JP2003154540 A JP 2003154540A JP 2004353608 A JP2004353608 A JP 2004353608A
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Japan
Prior art keywords
blade
impeller
centrifugal compressor
blades
leading edge
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JP2003154540A
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Japanese (ja)
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JP4146284B2 (en
Inventor
Hirotaka Higashimori
弘高 東森
Seiichi Ibaraki
誠一 茨木
Katsuhiko Takita
勝彦 田北
Suketsugu Futagami
祐嗣 二神
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Mitsubishi Heavy Industries Ltd
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Mitsubishi Heavy Industries Ltd
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Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a centrifugal compressor capable of effectively reinforcing blades of welded structure and further increasing an efficiency. <P>SOLUTION: In this centrifugal compressor, gas sucked by the rotation of an impeller 2 pivotally supported on a casing 1A is compressed and exhausted mainly by a centrifugal force. Spaces between the tips of the blades 6 of the impeller 2 are reinforced by an annular shroud 7, and the leading edge part of the shroud 7 is formed extendedly to the gas flow upstream side of the main leading edges of the blades 6. The tip side leading edge portions of blades 6 are also extended to the upstream side, the lengths of the extended parts 6a are increased toward the tips of the blades, and the blade angles of the extended parts 6a are varied relative to the blade angles of non-extended parts so that the blades face the rotating direction. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2005,JPO&NCIPI

Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、過給機、ガスタービン、産業用圧縮機等に用いられる遠心圧縮機に係り、一層詳細には、各翼の先端間を環状のシュラウドで補強してなるインペラを備えた遠心圧縮機に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
この種遠心圧縮機のインペラ(羽根車)は、図3に示すように、ハブ100 の外周に複数枚の翼101 が所定の間隔をおいて配設されてなり、その回転によりインペラ内に吸い込んだ空気等気体(ガス)を主として遠心力により圧縮して外部に吐出(排出)するようになっている。
【0003】
前記インペラは、図3に示すように、機械加工による一体削りだし(オープン羽根車)で製作されることが通常であるが(例えば、非特許文献1参照)、特にインペラ外径が1m以上の大径のインペラにあっては、前記一体削りだしではコストが嵩むことから、翼を溶接構造で製造することがある。
【0004】
このようなインペラにおいては、翼の強度を確保するために、各翼の先端に環状のシュラウドを固設して補強する構造が採用されている(例えば、非特許文献1参照)。
【0005】
【非特許文献1】
Journal of Turbomachinery JANUARY 1987,Vol.109(42頁,Fig.2(b),Fig.2(a))
【0006】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
ところで、遠心圧縮機のインペラにおいては、図4に示すように、流れ速度の速い大半の流れ(主流)IIと流れ速度の遅い壁近くの流れ(境界層)Iとが有るが、翼角(例えば翼の負圧面側の角度βksuc(図2の(a)参照))と流れの角度β,βを可及的に一致させることで、流れが剥離するのを抑制してインペラ損失を小さくすることができるので、前記翼角を流れの角度が特定できる主流IIの角度βと略一致させるようにしている。
【0007】
そのため、境界層Iでは、翼角(βksuc)が流れの角度βより大きくなって流れが剥離しやすくインペラ損失が大きいことから、遠心圧縮機の効率アップを十分に図ることが出来ないという問題点があった。
【0008】
そこで本発明は、溶接構造の翼を効果的に補強することができると共により一層の効率アップが図れる遠心圧縮機を提供することを目的とする。
【0009】
【課題を解決するための手段】
斯かる目的を達成するための本発明に係る遠心圧縮機は、ケーシングに軸支されたインペラの回転により吸い込んだ気体を主として遠心力によって圧縮・排出する遠心圧縮機において、前記インペラの各翼の先端間を環状のシュラウドで補強し、前記シュラウドの前縁部を前記各翼の主たる前縁部より気体流れの上流側へ延長して設ける一方、前記各翼の先端側の前縁部分も上流側へ延長し、かつ翼先端に近づくにつれて当該延長部の長さを長くすると共に、前記延長部の翼角を、翼が回転方向に向くように非延長部の翼角に対して変化させたことを特徴とする。
【0010】
また、前記延長部を含む翼先端側の翼厚Tを、翼先端に向かって漸次増加させたことを特徴とする。
【0011】
また、前記延長部は翼前縁高さHの翼先端から略10%の領域に設けられることを特徴とする。
【0012】
【発明の実施の形態】
以下、本発明に係る遠心圧縮機を実施例により図面を用いて詳細に説明する。
【0013】
[実施例]
図1は本発明の一実施例を示す遠心圧縮機の要部断面図、図2は同じく翼の比較説明図である。
【0014】
図1に示すように、ケーシング1A,1B内にインペラ(羽根車)2が回転自在に軸支され、該インペラ2の回転により同インペラ2への空気(気体)入口部3より吸い込んだ空気を主として遠心力によってインペラ2の空気(気体)出口部4へ圧縮・排出し、ここから所定の外部機器へ送られるようになっている。
【0015】
前記インペラ2は、ハブ5の外周に薄板からなる複数枚の翼6が周方向へ所定間隔離間して溶接等により固設されてなると共に、各翼6の先端間が環状のシュラウド7で補強されてなる。
【0016】
そして、前記シュラウド7の前縁部(空気流れの上流側端部)が前記各翼6の主たる前縁部より前方(空気流れの上流側)へ所定長さ(例えばハブ5の前端面と一致する長さまで)延長して設けられると共に、前記各翼6の先端側(シュラウド7寄り)の前縁部分も前方(空気流れの上流側)へ延長され、かつ翼先端に近づくにつれて当該延長部6aの長さが長く形成されている。
【0017】
また、前記延長部6aは翼前縁高さHの翼先端から略10%の領域に設けられると好適である。つまり、境界層Iの厚みが5%であるので、この厚みの変動を考慮すると略10%が好ましいのである。
【0018】
また、図2に示すように、前記延長部6aの負圧面側の翼角βksuc1を、翼6が回転方向に向くように、非延長部の翼角βksuc2に対して小さくなるように変化させている(図2の(b)参照)。即ち、境界層Iの角度β(図4参照)に可及的に近づけているのである。但し、非延長部の翼角βksuc2のまま延長しても差し支えない。
【0019】
また、図2の(c)に示すように、前記延長部6aを含む翼6の翼厚Tを、翼先端に向かって(シュラウド7に近づくにつれて)漸次増加させても良い。尚、この厚翼部6bは主体部に対して一体形成しても、また別体に形成して溶接等しても良い。
【0020】
このように本実施例では、各翼6の先端側の前縁部分が上流側へ延長され、かつ翼先端に近づくにつれて当該延長部6aの長さが長く形成されているのに加えて、前記延長部6aの負圧面側の翼角βksuc1が、翼6が回転方向に向くように、非延長部の翼角βksuc2に対して小さくなるように変化させられている。
【0021】
これにより、流れ速度が特定し易い大半の流れ(主流)IIに加えて流れ速度が特定しにくい壁近くの流れ(境界層)Iにおいても、その流れの角度β(図4参照)と翼角βksuc1とを可及的に一致させられる。
【0022】
この結果、境界層Iにおける流れの剥離が抑制され、インペラ損失が低減されて遠心圧縮機の効率アップが図られる。また、延長部6aを設けたことにより、翼先端側の前縁部に生じる応力集中を防止することもできる。
【0023】
また、延長部6aを含む翼6の翼厚Tが、翼先端に向かって漸次増加させた場合には、翼先端とシュラウド7の接合強度を高められる一方で、境界層Iに流入する流れの角度β1が変化しても効果的に(インペラの流量特性に影響を与えずに)翼先端側の失速を防止することができ、インペラ損失が低減されて遠心圧縮機の効率アップが図られる。また、サージングも防止することができる。
【0024】
尚、本発明は上記実施例に限定されず、本発明の要旨を逸脱しない範囲で、各種変更が可能であることはいうまでもない。
【0025】
【発明の効果】
以上、実施例に基づいて詳細に説明したように、本発明の請求項1に係る発明は、ケーシングに軸支されたインペラの回転により吸い込んだ気体を主として遠心力によって圧縮・排出する遠心圧縮機において、前記インペラの各翼の先端間を環状のシュラウドで補強し、前記シュラウドの前縁部を前記各翼の主たる前縁部より気体流れの上流側へ延長して設ける一方、前記各翼の先端側の前縁部分も上流側へ延長し、かつ翼先端に近づくにつれて当該延長部の長さを長くすると共に、前記延長部の翼角を、翼が回転方向に向くように非延長部の翼角に対して変化させたので、前記延長部により溶接構造の翼を効果的に補強することができると共に、前記翼角の設定により流れ速度が特定しにくい壁近くの流れにおいてもその流れの角度と翼角とを可及的に一致させられより一層の効率アップが図れる。
【0026】
また、請求項2に係る発明は、前記延長部を含む翼先端側の翼厚Tを、翼先端に向かって漸次増加させたので、翼先端とシュラウドの接合強度を高められる一方で、境界層に流入する流れの角度が変化しても効果的に翼先端側の失速を防止することができる。
【0027】
また、請求項3に係る発明は、前記延長部は翼前縁高さHの翼先端から略10%の領域に設けられるので、十分に境界層をカバーすることができる。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】本発明の一実施例を示す遠心圧縮機の要部断面図である。
【図2】同じく翼の比較説明図である。
【図3】従来のオープン羽根車の説明図である。
【図4】インペラ内の流れ速度の分布とベクトルを示す図である。
【符号の説明】
1A,1B ケーシング
2 インペラ(羽根車)
3 空気入口部
4 空気出口部
5 ハブ
6 翼
6a 延長部
6b 厚翼部
7 シュラウド
[0001]
TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a centrifugal compressor used for a supercharger, a gas turbine, an industrial compressor, or the like, and more particularly, to a centrifugal compressor provided with an impeller reinforced between annular ends of each blade by an annular shroud. About the machine.
[0002]
[Prior art]
As shown in FIG. 3, the impeller (impeller) of this type of centrifugal compressor has a plurality of blades 101 arranged at a predetermined interval on the outer periphery of a hub 100, and the impeller is sucked into the impeller by the rotation thereof. Gas such as air is compressed mainly by centrifugal force and discharged (discharged) to the outside.
[0003]
As shown in FIG. 3, the impeller is usually manufactured by integral machining (open impeller) by machining (for example, see Non-Patent Document 1), and particularly, the impeller has an outer diameter of 1 m or more. In the case of a large-diameter impeller, the blades are sometimes manufactured with a welded structure because the integral shaving increases the cost.
[0004]
In such an impeller, in order to secure the strength of the blade, a structure is adopted in which an annular shroud is fixed to the tip of each blade to reinforce it (for example, see Non-Patent Document 1).
[0005]
[Non-patent document 1]
Journal of Turbomachinery JANUARY 1987, Vol. 109 (p. 42, FIG. 2 (b), FIG. 2 (a))
[0006]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
By the way, in the impeller of the centrifugal compressor, as shown in FIG. 4, there are a flow (main flow) II having a high flow velocity and a flow (boundary layer) I near a wall having a low flow velocity, but a blade angle ( For example, by making the angle β ksuc (see FIG. 2A) on the suction surface side of the blade and the flow angles β 1 and β 2 as close as possible, it is possible to prevent the flow from separating and impeller loss. Therefore, the blade angle is made to substantially coincide with the angle β 2 of the main flow II at which the angle of the flow can be specified.
[0007]
For this reason, in the boundary layer I, the blade angle (β ksuc ) is larger than the flow angle β 1 , and the flow is likely to be separated, and the impeller loss is large. Therefore, the efficiency of the centrifugal compressor cannot be sufficiently improved. There was a problem.
[0008]
Therefore, an object of the present invention is to provide a centrifugal compressor that can effectively reinforce a blade of a welded structure and can further increase efficiency.
[0009]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
A centrifugal compressor according to the present invention for achieving this object is a centrifugal compressor that compresses and discharges gas mainly by centrifugal force by rotation of an impeller supported by a casing. Reinforced between the tips with an annular shroud, the leading edge of the shroud is provided extending from the main leading edge of each wing to the upstream of the gas flow, while the leading edge of the tip of each wing is also upstream. Side, and the length of the extension portion was increased as approaching the tip of the wing, and the wing angle of the extension portion was changed with respect to the wing angle of the non-extension portion so that the wing was oriented in the rotation direction. It is characterized by the following.
[0010]
Further, the blade thickness T on the blade tip side including the extension portion is gradually increased toward the blade tip.
[0011]
Further, the extension is provided in a region of about 10% from the tip of the blade having a blade leading edge height H.
[0012]
BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
Hereinafter, a centrifugal compressor according to the present invention will be described in detail using embodiments with reference to the drawings.
[0013]
[Example]
FIG. 1 is a sectional view of a main part of a centrifugal compressor showing one embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 2 is a comparative explanatory view of the blades.
[0014]
As shown in FIG. 1, an impeller (impeller) 2 is rotatably supported in the casings 1A and 1B, and the rotation of the impeller 2 removes air sucked from an air (gas) inlet 3 into the impeller 2. The air is compressed / discharged to the air (gas) outlet 4 of the impeller 2 mainly by centrifugal force, and then sent to a predetermined external device.
[0015]
The impeller 2 has a plurality of blades 6 made of a thin plate which are fixed to the outer periphery of a hub 5 by welding or the like at predetermined intervals in the circumferential direction, and the tip of each blade 6 is reinforced by an annular shroud 7. Be done.
[0016]
The front edge of the shroud 7 (the upstream end of the air flow) has a predetermined length (e.g., coincides with the front end face of the hub 5) forward (upstream of the air flow) from the main front edge of each blade 6. And the leading edge portion of each of the blades 6 on the tip side (closer to the shroud 7) is also extended forward (upstream of the air flow), and as the blade approaches the blade tip, the extension 6a is extended. Is formed long.
[0017]
Further, it is preferable that the extension portion 6a is provided in a region of about 10% from the tip of the blade having a blade leading edge height H. That is, since the thickness of the boundary layer I is 5%, about 10% is preferable in consideration of the variation in the thickness.
[0018]
As shown in FIG. 2, the blade angle β ksuc1 on the suction side of the extension 6a is changed so as to be smaller than the blade angle β ksuc2 of the non-extension so that the blade 6 is oriented in the rotation direction. (See FIG. 2B). That is, it is as close as possible to the angle β 1 of the boundary layer I (see FIG. 4). However, the extension may be performed with the blade angle β ksuc2 of the non-extended portion.
[0019]
Further, as shown in FIG. 2C, the blade thickness T of the blade 6 including the extension portion 6a may be gradually increased toward the blade tip (as the shroud 7 approaches). The thick wing portion 6b may be formed integrally with the main portion, or may be formed separately and welded.
[0020]
As described above, in the present embodiment, in addition to the front edge portion on the tip side of each wing 6 being extended to the upstream side and the length of the extended portion 6a being longer as approaching the wing tip, The blade angle β ksuc1 on the suction surface side of the extension 6a is changed so as to be smaller than the blade angle β ksuc2 of the non-extension so that the blade 6 faces in the rotation direction.
[0021]
Thereby, in addition to the flow (main flow) II in which the flow velocity is easily specified, the flow angle β 1 (see FIG. 4) and the airfoil in the flow (boundary layer) I near the wall where the flow velocity is difficult to specify. The angle β ksuc1 can be made as close as possible.
[0022]
As a result, the separation of the flow in the boundary layer I is suppressed, the impeller loss is reduced, and the efficiency of the centrifugal compressor is increased. Further, by providing the extension 6a, it is possible to prevent stress concentration occurring at the leading edge on the blade tip side.
[0023]
When the blade thickness T of the blade 6 including the extension 6a gradually increases toward the blade tip, while the joining strength between the blade tip and the shroud 7 can be increased, the flow of the flow flowing into the boundary layer I can be improved. Even if the angle β1 changes, stall on the blade tip side can be effectively prevented (without affecting the flow characteristics of the impeller), and impeller loss is reduced, thereby increasing the efficiency of the centrifugal compressor. Also, surging can be prevented.
[0024]
It is needless to say that the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and various changes can be made without departing from the scope of the present invention.
[0025]
【The invention's effect】
As described above in detail based on the embodiments, the invention according to claim 1 of the present invention is a centrifugal compressor that compresses and discharges gas that is drawn by rotation of an impeller supported by a casing mainly by centrifugal force. In the impeller, between the tips of the blades of the impeller is reinforced with an annular shroud, and the leading edge of the shroud is provided so as to extend from the main leading edge of each blade to the upstream side of the gas flow. The leading edge on the tip side also extends to the upstream side, and the length of the extension is increased as approaching the tip of the blade, and the blade angle of the extension is adjusted so that the blade is oriented in the rotation direction. Since the blade angle is changed with respect to the blade angle, the blades of the welded structure can be effectively reinforced by the extension portion, and the flow speed can be reduced even in the flow near the wall where the flow speed is difficult to be specified by the setting of the blade angle. Angle and wing angle Further increased efficiency can be achieved than is as much as possible to match the.
[0026]
In the invention according to claim 2, the blade thickness T on the blade tip side including the extension portion is gradually increased toward the blade tip, so that the joining strength between the blade tip and the shroud can be increased, while the boundary layer is increased. The stall on the blade tip side can be effectively prevented even if the angle of the flow flowing into the blade changes.
[0027]
Further, in the invention according to claim 3, since the extension portion is provided in a region of about 10% from the tip of the wing at the height H of the wing leading edge, it is possible to sufficiently cover the boundary layer.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a sectional view of a main part of a centrifugal compressor showing one embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a comparative explanatory view of the wing.
FIG. 3 is an explanatory view of a conventional open impeller.
FIG. 4 is a diagram showing a flow velocity distribution and a vector in an impeller.
[Explanation of symbols]
1A, 1B Casing 2 Impeller (impeller)
3 Air inlet 4 Air outlet 5 Hub 6 Blade 6a Extension 6b Thick wing 7 Shroud

Claims (3)

ケーシングに軸支されたインペラの回転により吸い込んだ気体を主として遠心力によって圧縮・排出する遠心圧縮機において、
前記インペラの各翼の先端間を環状のシュラウドで補強し、
前記シュラウドの前縁部を前記各翼の主たる前縁部より気体流れの上流側へ延長して設ける一方、
前記各翼の先端側の前縁部分も上流側へ延長し、かつ翼先端に近づくにつれて当該延長部の長さを長くすると共に、
前記延長部の翼角を、翼が回転方向に向くように非延長部の翼角に対して変化させたことを特徴とする遠心圧縮機。
In a centrifugal compressor that compresses and discharges gas that has been drawn in by the rotation of an impeller supported by a casing, mainly by centrifugal force,
Reinforcing between the tips of the wings of the impeller with an annular shroud,
While the leading edge of the shroud extends from the main leading edge of each wing to the upstream side of the gas flow,
The leading edge portion on the tip side of each of the wings also extends to the upstream side, and the length of the extended portion increases as approaching the wing tip,
A centrifugal compressor characterized in that a blade angle of the extension portion is changed with respect to a blade angle of a non-extension portion so that the blade faces in a rotation direction.
前記延長部を含む翼先端側の翼厚Tを、翼先端に向かって漸次増加させたことを特徴とする請求項1記載の遠心圧縮機。The centrifugal compressor according to claim 1, wherein the blade thickness T on the blade tip side including the extension portion is gradually increased toward the blade tip. 前記延長部は翼前縁高さHの翼先端から略10%の領域に設けられることを特徴とする請求項1又は2記載の遠心圧縮機。The centrifugal compressor according to claim 1, wherein the extension is provided in a region of approximately 10% from a blade tip having a blade leading edge height H. 4.
JP2003154540A 2003-05-30 2003-05-30 Centrifugal compressor Expired - Fee Related JP4146284B2 (en)

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Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP2020509A3 (en) * 2007-08-03 2012-08-01 Hitachi Plant Technologies, Ltd. Centrifugal compressor, impeller and operating method of the same
KR20150011237A (en) 2013-07-22 2015-01-30 삼성테크윈 주식회사 Impeller assembly of fluid rotary machine and manufacturing method thereof
KR20150017609A (en) 2013-08-07 2015-02-17 삼성테크윈 주식회사 Impeller assembly of fluid rotary machine and manufacturing method thereof
KR20150033441A (en) 2013-09-24 2015-04-01 삼성테크윈 주식회사 Impeller and manufacturing method the same
KR20170086889A (en) 2016-01-19 2017-07-27 한화테크윈 주식회사 Impeller and manufacturing method for the same
EP3415767A4 (en) * 2016-03-18 2019-03-06 Mitsubishi Heavy Industries Compressor Corporation Impeller, rotary machine, and impeller manufacturing method
CN117128187A (en) * 2023-10-17 2023-11-28 上海交通大学 End wall treatment method for stabilizing and enhancing expansion of centrifugal compressor by using closed impeller

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US11421702B2 (en) 2019-08-21 2022-08-23 Pratt & Whitney Canada Corp. Impeller with chordwise vane thickness variation

Cited By (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP2020509A3 (en) * 2007-08-03 2012-08-01 Hitachi Plant Technologies, Ltd. Centrifugal compressor, impeller and operating method of the same
KR20150011237A (en) 2013-07-22 2015-01-30 삼성테크윈 주식회사 Impeller assembly of fluid rotary machine and manufacturing method thereof
KR20150017609A (en) 2013-08-07 2015-02-17 삼성테크윈 주식회사 Impeller assembly of fluid rotary machine and manufacturing method thereof
KR20150033441A (en) 2013-09-24 2015-04-01 삼성테크윈 주식회사 Impeller and manufacturing method the same
KR20170086889A (en) 2016-01-19 2017-07-27 한화테크윈 주식회사 Impeller and manufacturing method for the same
EP3415767A4 (en) * 2016-03-18 2019-03-06 Mitsubishi Heavy Industries Compressor Corporation Impeller, rotary machine, and impeller manufacturing method
US20190078583A1 (en) * 2016-03-18 2019-03-14 Mitsubishi Heavy Industries Compressor Corporation Impeller, rotary machine, and impeller manufacturing method
CN117128187A (en) * 2023-10-17 2023-11-28 上海交通大学 End wall treatment method for stabilizing and enhancing expansion of centrifugal compressor by using closed impeller
CN117128187B (en) * 2023-10-17 2024-05-24 上海交通大学 End wall treatment method for stabilizing and enhancing expansion of centrifugal compressor by using closed impeller

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