JP2004344959A - Die for grain refining - Google Patents

Die for grain refining Download PDF

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Publication number
JP2004344959A
JP2004344959A JP2003147064A JP2003147064A JP2004344959A JP 2004344959 A JP2004344959 A JP 2004344959A JP 2003147064 A JP2003147064 A JP 2003147064A JP 2003147064 A JP2003147064 A JP 2003147064A JP 2004344959 A JP2004344959 A JP 2004344959A
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Japan
Prior art keywords
passage
mold
metal material
bent portion
processed
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JP2003147064A
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JP3822186B2 (en
Inventor
Kenichi Akamatsu
憲一 赤松
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AKAMATSU FORSYS Inc
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AKAMATSU FORSYS Inc
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21CMANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES OR PROFILES, OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
    • B21C23/00Extruding metal; Impact extrusion
    • B21C23/001Extruding metal; Impact extrusion to improve the material properties, e.g. lateral extrusion

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Extrusion Of Metal (AREA)

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To enhance durability of a die for refining crystal grain of metal to be worked by extruding and passing the metal into a tunnel-shaped passage having a bend part. <P>SOLUTION: A tunnel-shaped extrusion passage 11 is formed on cemented carbide between a bend part 24 and an inlet 25 thereof. When the metal is rammed into the extrusion passage 11, the metal is met with a large resistance at the bend part 24 of the passage and swollen on the inlet 25 side of the extrusion passage. Even a large friction resistance is generated with a wall surface of the passage, the wall surface of the passage is not roughened because the passage is formed on cemented carbide, the metal 6 can smoothly be rammed, and the durability of the die can be enhanced. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2005,JPO&NCIPI

Description

【0001】
【発明の属する分野】
本発明は、型内の屈曲通路に被加工金属材料を押出して通過させ、強い剪断ひずみを課すことにより該被加工金属材料の結晶粒を微細化するための金型に関するものである。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
超塑性出現の重要な条件の一つとして結晶粒微細化が挙げられる。結晶粒微細化には、いくつかの方法があるがその1つに、ECAP(Equal−Channel Angular Pressing)法と呼ばれる方法がある。これは、入口と出口との間が1カ所で屈曲したトンネル状押出し通路に、被加工金属材料を圧入して繰り返し通過させ、該金属材料に大量の剪断ひずみを課すものである。
【0003】
出願人は以前、図9に示す、上記屈曲部(24)を有するトンネル状押し通路(11)を形成した金型(1)を提案した(特許文献1)。
これは、2つ割構造の金型(1)の、両型半体(2)(2a)の突合せ面に、押出し通路(11)の軸心を含む面で該通路を2分する溝(21)(21a)を形成したものである。大きな負荷が掛かる溝の屈曲部(24)(24a)は、型半体(2)(2a)に埋設した短い円柱状の超硬合金ブロック(40)上に形成されている。
押出し通路(11)の屈曲部(24)から入口(25)側は、被加工金属材料の経よりも僅か大きく、押出し通路(11)の屈曲部(24)の終端側は、被加工金属材料の経よりも僅か小さく、該終端から出口(25)の間は、該金属材料の経よりも僅か大である。
【0004】
図8に示す円柱体の被加工金属材料(6)を複数個準備しておき、1つの被加工金属材料(6)を押出し通路(11)の入口(25)から挿入する。プレス機によって、該金属材料(6)を順次押出し通路(11)に突き込む。
被加工金属材料(6)は押出し通路(11)の屈曲部(24)で無理に曲げられると共に、屈曲部(24)の小径側終端側を通過することにより絞られ、出口(26)から排出される。
排出された被加工金属材料(6)を、再び押出し通路(11)の入口(25)から突き込む。
【0005】
上記の如く、被加工金属材料(6)は、金型(1)の屈曲した押出し通路(11)を通過して押し出されることによる、無理な曲げ力と絞り力が加わえられる。これによって、被加工金属材料(6)に大きな剪断ひずみが課せられ、結晶粒が微細化される。
1つの被加工金属材料(6)について8回程度押出し通路(11)を通過させると、所望の程度まで結晶粒を微細化できた。
【0006】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
押出し通路(11)の入口(25)から屈曲部(24)に至るまでの真直部は、被加工金属材料(6)の直径よりも大きいため、通路壁面に大きな負荷は掛からないと考えたが、実際は、短時間で該通路壁面に肌荒れが生じて、該金属材料(6)のスムーズな突込みが出来なくなることが分かった。これは、被加工金属材料(6)が、押出し通路(11)の屈曲部(24)で大きな抵抗を受けて、該屈曲部(24)から入口側で膨らみ、通路壁面と大きな摩擦抵抗を生じるためである。
又、押出し通路(11)の屈曲部(24)は、短い円柱状の超硬合金ブロック(40)に開設されているため、該超硬合金ブロック(40)を型半体(2)(2a)の穴(20b)に圧入する際、超硬ブロック(40)が回転して、超硬ブロック(40)上の溝と、型半体(2)(2a)上の溝の位置がずれる虞れがある。
本発明は、上記問題を解決できる被加工金属材料の結晶粒を微細化するための金型を明らかにするものである。
【0007】
【特許文献1】
特許第3032762号公報
【0008】
【課題を解決する手段】
本発明の金型は、入口側真直通路と出口側真直通路とが屈曲部で連続しているトンネル状押出し通路(11)を有す金型(1)の該通路に被加工金属材料を押し出して通過させ、該金属材料に強剪断ひずみを課すことによって該金属材料の結晶粒を微細化するための金型において、トンネル状押出し通路(11)の屈曲部(24)を含み、該屈曲部から入口(25)までの間は、超硬部材上に形成されている。
【0009】
【作用及び効果】
被加工金属材料(6)を押出し通路(11)に突き込んだ際に、該通路の屈曲部(24)で大きな抵抗を受けて軸方向に圧縮力が作用する。これによって該屈曲部(24)から入口(25)側で被加工金属材料(6)が膨らんで、通路壁面と大きな摩擦抵抗が生じても、該通路は、超硬部材上に形成されているため、通路壁面が肌荒れすることはなく、被加工金属材料(6)の突き込みをスムーズに行なうことでき、又、金型の耐久性を向上できる。
金型を2つ割構造とし、両型半体(2)(2a)に、屈曲部(24)を含む押出し通路の一部を形成した四角形の超硬ブロック(4)(4a)を圧入し、該型半体に押出し通路の他の部分を形成しておけば、超硬ブロックの圧入時に、該ブロックが回転することはなく、ブロック上の溝と型半体の溝がずれることを防止できる。
【0010】
【発明の実施の形態】
図1に示す如く、金型(1)は、一対の型半体(2)(2a)をボルト締めして構成され、内部に、両端が開口しL字状に屈曲したトンネル状押出し通路(11)を有している。
型半体(2)(2a)は、ダイス鋼等、硬質金属で形成されている。
【0011】
図8は、上記金型(1)の押出し通路(11)に押し出して通過させる被加工金属材料(6)であり、実施例の被加工金属材料(6)の材質は純銅であり、直径14mm、長さ約80mmの円柱体である。
【0012】
金型(1)の両型半体(2)(2a)の突合せ面には、上記押出し通路(11)を形成するために対称的にL字状に屈曲した溝(21)(21a)を開設している。
【0013】
以下の説明では、一方の型半体(2)について説明するが、他方の型半体の共通する部分については、図5、図6に示す如く、数字符号にaを付加して説明に代える。
【0014】
型半体(2)のL字状溝(21)の両端は、型半体(2)の直交する側面に開口しており、一方が入口(25)、他方が出口(26)となっている。
【0015】
図2、図4に示す如く、L字状溝(21)は、入口側真直溝(22)と出口側真直溝(23)が直角をなし、型半体(2)の略中央部で両溝(22)(23)が屈曲して交差している。
両真直溝(22)(23)は、1/2円弧の丸底溝であり、両溝に連続する屈曲部(24)は、超硬部材上に形成されている。
実施例の超硬部材は直方体のブロック体であり、型半体(2)(2a)よりも硬質の材料、具体的には超硬合金にて形成されている。超硬ブロック(4)は型半体(2)に開設した溝状切欠(20)に圧入されている。
屈曲部(24)のコーナは、角張らず丸く形成されている。
【0016】
L字状溝(21)の入口(25)から屈曲部(24)の始端までの長さは被加工金属材料(6)の長さの2倍程度、溝開口幅Xは該金属材料(6)の直径よりも0.1mm大である。
屈曲部(24)は屈曲始端から屈曲終端側へ徐々に狭まっており、屈曲終端の溝開口幅Yは、被加工金属材料(6)の直径よりも0.05mm小さい。
屈曲部(24)の終端から出口(26)までの長さは、被加工金属材料(6)の長さとほぼ同じ約80mm、溝開口幅Zは、該金属材料(6)の直径より0.05mm大である。
【0017】
上記型半体(2)の相手型半体(2a)のL字状溝(21a)の寸法も同様である。
L字状溝(21)(21a)の壁面は、超精密加工により可及的に平滑に仕上げられている。
実施例では、押出し通路(11)の壁面に、化学蒸着(CVD)によるTiC又はTiCNの耐焼き付け性の改質層或いは物理蒸着(PVD)によるTiNの耐焼き付け性の改質層が形成されている。]
【0018】
型半体(2)の突合せ面は、入口側直通溝(22)の全長と超硬ブロック(4)上の溝屈曲部(24)及び出口側真直溝(23)の中間部とを包囲する矩形の当り面(200)と、該当り面(200)の外側の締め代面(201)が形成され、締め代面(201)は当り面(200)より0.03mm程度低くなっている。
【0019】
型半体(2)の突合せ面の外周縁は、入口(25)と出口(26)を囲んで設けた面取り不可領域(202)以外の部分が面取りされている。
面取り不可領域(202)を設けたのは、型半体(2)(2a)を突き合わせて締め付けたとき、入口(25)と出口(26)に突き合わせ面上の直径線に面取りによる切り込みが生じることを避けるためである。
【0020】
型半体(2)には、L字状溝(21)の屈曲部の幅中心を半径中心とする仮想円上及び、前記当たり面(200)の入口(25)の両側に複数の締付用ネジ穴(27)が開設される。
図5、図6に示す如く、相手型半体(2a)には、該ネジ穴(27)に螺合するボルトを挿通するためのボルト孔(29)が開設されている。締付ネジ穴(27)は、前記型半体(2)の締め代面(201)上に開設されている。
【0021】
両型半体(2)(2a)には、L字状溝(21)(21a)の位置合わせ用ノックピン(図示せず)を打ち込むためのノック穴(28)(28a)が開設されている。
【0022】
型半体(2)の4隅には、型半体(2)(2a)を分離するためのネジ孔(203)が開設されている。該ネジ孔(203)にネジを締め込んでネジ先端で相手型半体(2a)を押圧して、ノックピンの圧入に抗して型半体(2)(2a)を分離できる。
【0023】
然して、型半体(2)(2a)をボルト締めし、対向するL字状溝(21)(21a)によってL字状の押出し通路(11)を形成する。
型半体(2)(2a)は、押出し通路(11)の入口(25)から屈曲部(24)を越えて出口(26)の途中までの間は、当り面(200)(200a)となり、他の部分は僅か低い締め代面(201)(201a)となっているため、ボルト締めにより、締め代面(201)(201a)間の隙間が縮み、この縮み分だけ当り面(200)(200a)の密着押圧度は高まり、後記の如く被加工金属材料(6)が押出し通路(11)を無理に通過する際に押出し通路(11)が拡がることを効果的に防止できる。
【0024】
複数の被加工金属材料(6)を準備しておき、1つの被加工金属材料(6)を押出し通路(11)の入口(25)から挿入する。
被加工金属材料(6)は、押出し通路(11)の入口側真直部よりも僅か小さく、該真直部よりも短いため、押出し通路(11)の屈曲部(24)に達するまで、真直部に沈み込む。
プレス機に取り付けたパンチ(図示せず)を押出し通路(11)の入口(25)から突き込んで、押出し通路(11)内の被加工金属材料(6)を加圧して押し込む。実施例では35トン程度の加圧力で加圧した。
【0025】
被加工金属材料(6)は押出し通路(11)の屈曲部(24)で無理に曲げられると共に、屈曲部(24)の小径側終端を通過することにより絞られる。
屈曲部(24)の終端から、該終端より0.1mm大径の出口側真直溝(23)に移行するとき、直径で0.02〜0.03mm程度膨らむ。
【0026】
パンチの下死点は、屈曲部(24)に達する手前に設定されており、パンチが下死点に達すれば、パンチを後退させて、次の被加工金属材料(6)を押出し通路(11)に挿入し、再びパンチを押出し通路(11)に突き込む。
押出し通路(11)に最初に押し込んだ被加工金属材料(6)は、次の被加工金属材料に押されて出口(26)から臨出する。
【0027】
このようにして、被加工金属材料(6)をパンチで順次突き込んで、出口(26)かから被加工金属材料(6)を排出させる。
排出された被加工金属材料(6)を、再び押出し通路(11)の入口(25)から投入する。
排出された被加工金属材料は直径が13.98mm程度であり、入口(25)よりも僅か小径であるため、入口(25)からの投入に問題はない。
【0028】
上記の如く、被加工金属材料(6)は、金型(1)の屈曲した押出し通路(11)を通過して押し出されることによる、無理な曲げ力と絞り力が加わることにより、大きな剪断ひずみが課せられ、結晶粒が微細化される。
1つの被加工金属材料(6)について8回程度押出し通路(11)を通過させると、所望の程度まで結晶粒を微細化できた。
【0029】
金型(1)は、押出し通路(11)の一番力が作用する屈曲部(24)を含む押出し通路の入口側が、全長に亘って超硬ブロック(4)(4a)上に形成されているため、被加工金属材料を押出し通路(11)に突き込んだ際に、該通路の屈曲部(24)で大きな抵抗を受けて押出し通路の入口側で膨らみ、通路壁面と大きな摩擦抵抗を生じても、該通路は、超硬ブロック上に形成されているため、通路壁面が肌荒れしたり焼付くことは抑えられ、被加工金属材料(6)の突き込みをスムーズに行なうことでき、又、金型の耐久性を向上できる。
実施例では、押出し通路(11)に、耐焼付き性の改質層が形成されているため、通路壁面の肌荒れや焼付き防止の効果は一層高まる。
【0030】
実施例の様に、一対の型半体(2)(2a)の突合せ面に、押出し通路(11)の軸心を含む面で該通路(11)をその軸心を含む面内で2分した溝(21)(21a)を開設しておき、両型半体(2)(2a)を突き合わせて金型(1)を形成すれば、1つのブロックに途中で屈曲したトンネル状押出し通路を開設することに較べて遙かに容易であり、高い精度で加工できる。
【0031】
又、型半体(2)(2a)は、押出し通路(11)の押し出し方向に直交する方向で分離するため、被加工金属材料(6)に対する押出し圧力が直接には型半体(2)(2a)を分離する方向には作用せず、従って型半体(2)(2a)をボルトで締め付けてもボルトを破損することを防止できる。
【0032】
尚、本発明の実施において、押出し通路(11)の入口側真直通路(22)と出口側真直通路(23)の成す角度は、90°に限定されることはない。該角度が小さいほど、被加工金属材料(6)に課する剪断ひずみ量は多くなるが、90°よりも小さくすることは押出し抵抗が大き過ぎて金型(1)の破壊を招来することがある。
【0033】
又、実施例では、被加工金属材料(6)は円柱体であり、押出し通路(11)の断面形状も円形としたが、被加工金属材料(6)の角柱体とし、押出し通路(11)の断面も被加工金属材料(6)の断面に対応させることができる。
【0034】
又、型半体(2)(2a)は、押出し通路(11)の押出し方向に直交する方向で分離するため、被加工金属材料(6)に対する押出し圧力が直接には型半体(2)(2a)を分離する方向には作用せず、従って型半体(2)(2a)をボルトで締め付けてもボルトを破損することを防止できる。
又、押出し通路(11)の一番力が作用する屈曲部は超硬ブロック上に形成されているため、屈曲部の型面の荒れを防止して金型の耐久性を向上できる。
【0035】
上記実施例の説明は、本発明を説明するためのものであって、特許請求の範囲に記載の発明を限定し、或は範囲を減縮する様に解すべきではない。又、本発明の各部構成は上記実施例に限らず、特許請求の範囲に記載の技術的範囲内で種々の変形が可能であることは勿論である。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】金型の分解状態の斜面図である。
【図2】一方の型半体の正面図である。
【図3】同上の断面図である。
【図4】超硬ブロックの斜面図である。
【図5】他方の型半体の正面図である。
【図6】同上の断面図である。
【図7】図2A−A線に沿う断面図である。
【図8】被加工金属材料の斜面図である。
【図9】出願人が提案した金型の分解斜面図である。
【符号の説明】
(1) 金型
(11) 押出し通路
(2) 型半体
(21) L字状溝
(24) 屈曲部
(25) 入口
(26) 出口
(4) 超硬ブロック
[0001]
[Field of the Invention]
The present invention relates to a mold for extruding and passing a metal material to be processed through a bent passage in a mold and imposing a strong shearing strain to refine crystal grains of the metal material to be processed.
[0002]
[Prior art]
One of the important conditions for the appearance of superplasticity is grain refinement. There are several methods for grain refinement, and one of them is a method called ECAP (Equal-Channel Angular Pressing) method. In this method, a metal material to be processed is press-fitted and repeatedly passed through a tunnel-shaped extrusion passage having a curved portion between an inlet and an outlet, and a large amount of shear strain is imposed on the metal material.
[0003]
The applicant has previously proposed a mold (1) shown in FIG. 9 in which a tunnel-shaped pushing passage (11) having the bent portion (24) was formed (Patent Document 1).
This is because a groove (2) that divides the half of the mold half (2) with the surface including the axis of the extrusion passage (11) is formed on the abutting surface of the two mold halves (2) and (2a). 21) (21a) is formed. The bends (24) and (24a) of the groove to which a large load is applied are formed on a short cylindrical cemented carbide block (40) embedded in the mold halves (2) and (2a).
From the bent portion (24) of the extrusion passage (11) to the inlet (25) is slightly larger than the diameter of the metal material to be processed, and the terminal end of the bent portion (24) of the extrusion passage (11) is connected to the metal material to be processed. The distance from the end to the outlet (25) is slightly larger than that of the metallic material.
[0004]
A plurality of cylindrical metal workpieces (6) shown in FIG. 8 are prepared, and one metal workpiece (6) is inserted from the inlet (25) of the extrusion passage (11). The metal material (6) is sequentially pushed into the extrusion passage (11) by a press machine.
The to-be-processed metal material (6) is forcibly bent at the bent portion (24) of the extrusion passage (11), is narrowed by passing through the small-diameter end of the bent portion (24), and is discharged from the outlet (26). Is done.
The discharged metal material to be worked (6) is pushed again through the inlet (25) of the extrusion passage (11).
[0005]
As described above, the metal material (6) to be processed is extruded through the bent extrusion passage (11) of the mold (1), so that excessive bending force and drawing force are applied. As a result, a large shear strain is imposed on the metal material to be processed (6), and the crystal grains are refined.
When one metal material (6) to be processed was passed through the extrusion passage (11) about eight times, the crystal grains could be refined to a desired degree.
[0006]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
Since the straight portion from the entrance (25) of the extrusion passage (11) to the bent portion (24) is larger than the diameter of the metal material (6) to be processed, it is considered that a large load is not applied to the passage wall surface. Actually, however, it was found that the surface of the passage was roughened in a short time, and the metal material (6) could not be smoothly sunk. This is because the metal material to be processed (6) receives a large resistance at the bent portion (24) of the extrusion passage (11), and swells on the inlet side from the bent portion (24) to generate a large frictional resistance with the passage wall surface. That's why.
Also, since the bent portion (24) of the extrusion passage (11) is opened in a short cylindrical cemented carbide block (40), the cemented carbide block (40) is connected to the mold half (2) (2a). ) When press-fitting into the hole (20b), the carbide block (40) rotates, and the position of the groove on the carbide block (40) and the position of the groove on the mold halves (2) and (2a) may be shifted. There is.
The present invention is to clarify a mold for refining crystal grains of a metal material to be processed which can solve the above problem.
[0007]
[Patent Document 1]
Japanese Patent No. 3032762
[Means to solve the problem]
According to the mold of the present invention, a metal material to be processed is provided in a mold (1) having a tunnel-shaped extrusion passage (11) in which an inlet-side straight passage and an outlet-side straight passage are continuous at a bent portion. Extruding and passing through the metal material, and applying a severe shear strain to the metal material to refine the crystal grains of the metal material, comprising a bent portion (24) of a tunnel-shaped extrusion passage (11); The portion from the bent portion to the entrance (25) is formed on the super hard member.
[0009]
[Action and effect]
When the metal material to be processed (6) is pushed into the extrusion passage (11), a compression force acts in the axial direction due to a large resistance at the bent portion (24) of the passage. As a result, even if the metal material to be processed (6) swells from the bent portion (24) on the entrance (25) side and a large frictional resistance is generated with the wall surface of the passage, the passage is formed on the superhard member. Therefore, the wall surface of the passage does not become rough, the metal material (6) to be processed can be smoothly pushed in, and the durability of the mold can be improved.
The mold is divided into two parts, and a rectangular carbide block (4) (4a) forming a part of an extrusion passage including a bent portion (24) is press-fitted into both mold halves (2) and (2a). If the other part of the extrusion passage is formed in the mold half, the block does not rotate when the cemented carbide block is press-fitted, and the groove on the block and the groove of the mold half are prevented from shifting. it can.
[0010]
BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
As shown in FIG. 1, the mold (1) is formed by tightening a pair of mold halves (2) and (2a) with bolts, and has a tunnel-shaped extrusion passage (opening at both ends and bent into an L shape) therein. 11).
The mold halves (2) and (2a) are formed of a hard metal such as die steel.
[0011]
FIG. 8 shows a metal material (6) to be extruded and passed through the extrusion passage (11) of the mold (1). The material of the metal material (6) in the working example is pure copper and has a diameter of 14 mm. , About 80 mm in length.
[0012]
Grooves (21) and (21a) which are symmetrically bent in an L-shape to form the extrusion passage (11) are formed on the abutting surfaces of both mold halves (2) and (2a) of the mold (1). Has been established.
[0013]
In the following description, one mold half (2) will be described, but for the common parts of the other mold half, as shown in FIGS. .
[0014]
Both ends of the L-shaped groove (21) of the mold half (2) are open to orthogonal side surfaces of the mold half (2), one of which serves as an inlet (25) and the other serves as an outlet (26). I have.
[0015]
As shown in FIGS. 2 and 4, the L-shaped groove (21) has a right angle between the inlet-side straight groove (22) and the outlet-side straight groove (23), and is formed substantially at the center of the mold half (2). The grooves (22) and (23) are bent and intersect.
The straight grooves (22) and (23) are round bottom grooves having a 円 arc, and the bent portion (24) continuous with both grooves is formed on the super hard member.
The cemented carbide member of the embodiment is a rectangular parallelepiped block, and is formed of a material harder than the mold halves (2) and (2a), specifically, a cemented carbide. The carbide block (4) is pressed into a groove-shaped notch (20) opened in the mold half (2).
The corner of the bent portion (24) is formed round without being angular.
[0016]
The length from the entrance (25) of the L-shaped groove (21) to the beginning of the bent portion (24) is about twice as long as the length of the metal material (6) to be processed, and the groove opening width X is equal to the length of the metal material (6). ) Is 0.1 mm larger than the diameter.
The bending portion (24) gradually narrows from the bending start end to the bending end side, and the groove opening width Y at the bending end is smaller by 0.05 mm than the diameter of the metal material (6) to be processed.
The length from the terminal end of the bent portion (24) to the outlet (26) is about 80 mm, which is almost the same as the length of the metal material (6) to be processed, and the groove opening width Z is 0.1 mm larger than the diameter of the metal material (6). It is 05 mm large.
[0017]
The same applies to the dimensions of the L-shaped groove (21a) of the mating mold half (2a) of the mold half (2).
The wall surfaces of the L-shaped grooves (21) and (21a) are finished as smooth as possible by ultraprecision processing.
In the embodiment, a modified layer of burning resistance of TiC or TiCN by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) or a modified layer of burning resistance of TiN by physical vapor deposition (PVD) is formed on the wall surface of the extrusion passage (11). I have. ]
[0018]
The butting surface of the mold half (2) surrounds the entire length of the inlet side through groove (22) and the middle part of the groove bending portion (24) on the carbide block (4) and the outlet side straight groove (23). The contact surface (200) of the rectangle and the interference surface (201) outside the corresponding surface (200) are formed, and the interference surface (201) is lower than the contact surface (200) by about 0.03 mm.
[0019]
The outer peripheral edge of the butting surface of the mold half (2) is chamfered at a portion other than the non-chamferable area (202) provided around the inlet (25) and the outlet (26).
The non-chamfered area (202) is provided because when the mold halves (2) and (2a) are abutted and fastened, the inlet (25) and the exit (26) are cut by a chamfer at a diameter line on the abutting surface. This is to avoid things.
[0020]
The mold half (2) has a plurality of tightening parts on an imaginary circle whose center is the width of the bent portion of the L-shaped groove (21) and on both sides of the entrance (25) of the contact surface (200). A screw hole (27) is opened.
As shown in FIGS. 5 and 6, a bolt hole (29) for inserting a bolt screwed into the screw hole (27) is formed in the mating mold half (2a). The fastening screw hole (27) is formed on the interference surface (201) of the mold half (2).
[0021]
The both mold halves (2) and (2a) are provided with knock holes (28) and (28a) for inserting knock pins (not shown) for positioning the L-shaped grooves (21) and (21a). .
[0022]
At four corners of the mold half (2), screw holes (203) for separating the mold halves (2) and (2a) are opened. By screwing the screw into the screw hole (203) and pressing the mating mold half (2a) with the tip of the screw, the mold half (2) (2a) can be separated against the press-fitting of the knock pin.
[0023]
Thus, the mold halves (2) and (2a) are bolted to form an L-shaped extrusion passage (11) by the opposed L-shaped grooves (21) and (21a).
The mold halves (2) and (2a) form contact surfaces (200) and (200a) from the entrance (25) of the extrusion passage (11) to the middle of the exit (26) beyond the bent portion (24). Since the other portions are slightly lower interference surfaces (201) and (201a), the gap between the interference surfaces (201) and (201a) is reduced by the bolt tightening, and the contact surface (200) is reduced by the reduced amount. The degree of close contact pressure of (200a) is increased, and it is possible to effectively prevent the extrusion passage (11) from expanding when the metal material (6) to be processed forcibly passes through the extrusion passage (11) as described later.
[0024]
A plurality of metal materials to be processed (6) are prepared, and one metal material to be processed (6) is inserted from the inlet (25) of the extrusion passage (11).
Since the metal material to be processed (6) is slightly smaller than the straight portion on the inlet side of the extrusion passage (11) and shorter than the straight portion, the straight metal portion is formed until the bent portion (24) of the extrusion passage (11) is reached. Sinks.
A punch (not shown) attached to a press machine is inserted from the inlet (25) of the extrusion passage (11), and the metal material (6) in the extrusion passage (11) is pressed and pushed. In the embodiment, the pressure is increased by about 35 tons.
[0025]
The metal material to be processed (6) is forcibly bent at the bent portion (24) of the extrusion passage (11), and is squeezed by passing through the small-diameter end of the bent portion (24).
When transitioning from the end of the bent portion (24) to the outlet-side straight groove (23) having a diameter larger than that of the end by 0.1 mm, the diameter expands by about 0.02 to 0.03 mm.
[0026]
The bottom dead center of the punch is set before reaching the bent portion (24). When the punch reaches the bottom dead center, the punch is retracted and the next metal material (6) to be processed is pushed out of the passage (11). ), And the punch is again inserted into the extrusion passage (11).
The metal material (6) first pushed into the extrusion passage (11) is pushed by the next metal material to be worked and comes out of the outlet (26).
[0027]
In this way, the metal material to be processed (6) is sequentially pierced by the punch, and the metal material to be processed (6) is discharged from the outlet (26).
The discharged metal material to be processed (6) is introduced again from the inlet (25) of the extrusion passage (11).
Since the discharged metal material to be processed has a diameter of about 13.98 mm and is slightly smaller than the diameter of the inlet (25), there is no problem in charging the metal material through the inlet (25).
[0028]
As described above, the metal material (6) to be processed is extruded through the bent extrusion passage (11) of the mold (1), and is subjected to an excessive bending force and a drawing force. Is imposed, and the crystal grains are refined.
When one metal material (6) to be processed was passed through the extrusion passage (11) about eight times, the crystal grains could be refined to a desired degree.
[0029]
In the mold (1), the inlet side of the extrusion passage including the bent portion (24) of the extrusion passage (11) where the most force acts is formed on the carbide blocks (4) and (4a) over the entire length. Therefore, when the metal material to be processed is pushed into the extrusion passage (11), it receives a large resistance at the bent portion (24) of the passage and swells on the entrance side of the extrusion passage, thereby generating a large frictional resistance with the passage wall surface. However, since the passage is formed on the carbide block, the wall surface of the passage is prevented from being roughened or burned, and the metal material to be processed (6) can be smoothly pushed in. The durability of the mold can be improved.
In the embodiment, since the seizure-resistant modified layer is formed in the extrusion passage (11), the effect of preventing roughening of the passage wall surface and seizure is further enhanced.
[0030]
As in the embodiment, the passage (11) is separated from the abutting surface of the pair of mold halves (2) and (2a) by a surface including the axis of the extrusion passage (11) for two minutes in a plane including the axis. If the mold (1) is formed by abutting the mold halves (2) and (2a) with the grooves (21) and (21a) formed in advance, the tunnel-shaped extrusion passage bent in the middle of one block is formed. It is much easier to set up and can be processed with high accuracy.
[0031]
Further, since the mold halves (2) and (2a) are separated in a direction orthogonal to the extrusion direction of the extrusion passage (11), the extrusion pressure on the metal material to be processed (6) is directly increased. It does not act in the direction of separating (2a), so that even if the mold halves (2) and (2a) are tightened with bolts, it is possible to prevent the bolts from being damaged.
[0032]
In the practice of the present invention, the angle formed by the inlet-side straight passage (22) and the outlet-side straight passage (23) of the extrusion passage (11) is not limited to 90 °. The smaller the angle is, the greater the amount of shear strain imposed on the metal material to be processed (6) is. However, if the angle is smaller than 90 °, the extrusion resistance is too large and the mold (1) may be broken. is there.
[0033]
In the embodiment, the metal material to be processed (6) is a cylindrical body, and the cross-sectional shape of the extrusion passage (11) is also circular. Can also correspond to the cross section of the metal material to be processed (6).
[0034]
Also, since the mold halves (2) and (2a) are separated in a direction orthogonal to the extrusion direction of the extrusion passage (11), the extrusion pressure on the metal material to be processed (6) is directly increased. It does not act in the direction of separating (2a), so that even if the mold halves (2) and (2a) are tightened with bolts, it is possible to prevent the bolts from being damaged.
Further, since the bent portion of the extrusion passage (11) where the most force acts is formed on the cemented carbide block, the mold surface of the bent portion can be prevented from being roughened, and the durability of the mold can be improved.
[0035]
The description of the above embodiments is intended to explain the present invention, and should not be construed as limiting the invention described in the claims or reducing the scope thereof. Further, the configuration of each part of the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiment, and it is needless to say that various modifications can be made within the technical scope described in the claims.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a disassembled mold.
FIG. 2 is a front view of one mold half.
FIG. 3 is a sectional view of the same.
FIG. 4 is a perspective view of a carbide block.
FIG. 5 is a front view of the other mold half.
FIG. 6 is a sectional view of the same.
FIG. 7 is a sectional view taken along the line AA in FIG. 2;
FIG. 8 is a perspective view of a metal material to be processed.
FIG. 9 is an exploded perspective view of a mold proposed by the applicant.
[Explanation of symbols]
(1) Mold (11) Extrusion passage (2) Mold half (21) L-shaped groove (24) Bent (25) Inlet (26) Outlet (4) Carbide block

Claims (3)

入口側真直通路と出口側真直通路とが屈曲部で連続しているトンネル状押出し通路を有す金型の該通路に被加工金属材料を押し出して通過させ、該金属材料に強剪断ひずみを課すことによって該金属材料の結晶粒を微細化するための金型において、トンネル状押出し通路の屈曲部を含み、該屈曲部から入口までの間は、超硬部材上に形成されている結晶粒微細化用金型。The metal material to be processed is extruded and passed through the passage of a mold having a tunnel-shaped extrusion passage in which the inlet-side straight passage and the outlet-side straight passage are continuous at a bent portion, and the metal material is subjected to strong shear strain. In the mold for refining the crystal grains of the metal material by imposing, a bent portion of a tunnel-shaped extrusion passage, and a crystal formed on a superhard member from the bent portion to the entrance. Mold for grain refining. 金型(1)は2つ割り構造であって、両型半体(2)(2a)の突合せ面には、押出し通路(11)の軸心を含む面で該通路(11)を2分する溝(21)(21a)が形成されている請求項1に記載の結晶粒微細化用金型。The mold (1) has a split structure, and the abutting surface of the two mold halves (2) and (2a) is divided into two parts by a surface including the axis of the extrusion passage (11). The mold for grain refining according to claim 1, wherein grooves (21) and (21a) are formed. 夫々型半体(2)(2a)の対向面に埋設された超硬ブロックに、溝(21)(21a)の屈曲部(24)(24a)を含み、該屈曲部(24)(24a)から被加工金属材料の押出し入口側までが開設されている請求項2に記載の結晶微細化用金型。Carbide blocks embedded in the opposing surfaces of the mold halves (2) and (2a) each include a bent portion (24) (24a) of the groove (21) (21a), and the bent portion (24) (24a) 3. The mold for crystal refining according to claim 2, wherein an area from the metal material to the extrusion inlet side of the metal material to be processed is opened.
JP2003147064A 2003-05-26 2003-05-26 Mold for grain refinement Expired - Fee Related JP3822186B2 (en)

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Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN101898203A (en) * 2010-07-22 2010-12-01 重庆大学 Magnesium alloy continuous extrusion die
EP2705912A1 (en) * 2012-09-10 2014-03-12 AIT Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH Tool for forming a metal object under high pressure
CN105562450A (en) * 2014-10-16 2016-05-11 中国石油大学(华东) Equal channel angle pressing die
CN113145675A (en) * 2020-12-23 2021-07-23 华南理工大学 Bidirectional extrusion die for preparing ultra-fine grain metal sheet and preparation method

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN104226711B (en) * 2014-10-09 2016-07-06 太原理工大学 A kind of many angular extrusion dies and manufacturing process

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN101898203A (en) * 2010-07-22 2010-12-01 重庆大学 Magnesium alloy continuous extrusion die
EP2705912A1 (en) * 2012-09-10 2014-03-12 AIT Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH Tool for forming a metal object under high pressure
CN105562450A (en) * 2014-10-16 2016-05-11 中国石油大学(华东) Equal channel angle pressing die
CN113145675A (en) * 2020-12-23 2021-07-23 华南理工大学 Bidirectional extrusion die for preparing ultra-fine grain metal sheet and preparation method

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