JP2004339042A - Method of manufacturing porous ceramic using charcoal powder or bamboo charcoal powder as main raw material - Google Patents

Method of manufacturing porous ceramic using charcoal powder or bamboo charcoal powder as main raw material Download PDF

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JP2004339042A
JP2004339042A JP2003175559A JP2003175559A JP2004339042A JP 2004339042 A JP2004339042 A JP 2004339042A JP 2003175559 A JP2003175559 A JP 2003175559A JP 2003175559 A JP2003175559 A JP 2003175559A JP 2004339042 A JP2004339042 A JP 2004339042A
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Prior art keywords
charcoal
bamboo charcoal
bamboo
powder
bentonite
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JP2003175559A
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Japanese (ja)
Inventor
Hiroshi Okui
博 奥井
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OKUI KK
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OKUI KK
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  • Disinfection, Sterilisation Or Deodorisation Of Air (AREA)
  • Porous Artificial Stone Or Porous Ceramic Products (AREA)
  • Solid-Sorbent Or Filter-Aiding Compositions (AREA)
  • Ceramic Products (AREA)

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a novel application or a high added value product of powdery carbonized material (charcoal powder or bamboo charcoal powder) produced in making charcoal or working or shipping a carbonized material in addition to the use for fuel such as charcoal ball or briquette. <P>SOLUTION: Clay consisting essentially of montmorillonite and water are added into powder formed by mixing powder of the charcoal or bamboo charcoal with zeolite or clinker ash to prepare a mixture. The mixture is stirred and uniformly mixed by a stirring apparatus or the like, molded into an optional shape and size using an extruder, a press or a stirring apparatus and dried. The dried material is placed on the bottom of a charcoal-making oven and solidified using the heat in making charcoal to form a ceramic without oxidizing the charcoal or bamboo charcoal. The ceramic has wide pore size distribution. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2005,JPO&NCIPI

Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】本発明は炭焼き時、また炭化物を加工・出荷の際に発生する粉状の炭化物(木炭粉、竹炭粉)を炭団や練炭などの燃料として使用する以外に新しい用途、高付加価値化製品に供するものである。
【0002】
木炭、竹炭などは、多孔質で吸水、吸湿などの特性を持ち、水質、大気汚染防止などの環境浄化材として用いられているが、木炭・竹炭以外にポァーサイズの異なるゼオライトやクリンカーアッシュを配合、成形・焼成してポアー分布領域の幅を広げて多用途に対応出来る環境浄化材の開発。
【0003】
炭焼き窯の内部が還元雰囲気であることを利用して、粘土に混ぜた木炭、竹炭を酸化、灰化させない焼結、固化させるセラミックス製造方法。
【0004】
【従来の技術】
木炭・竹炭は古くから燃料として利用されるのが一般的であったが、最近は木炭・竹炭の有するミクロ〜ナノスペスを活用する使い方、例えば調湿材、脱臭材、空気・水の浄化材とし利用される傾向が強い。
このような用途に適合する木炭・竹炭は、硬くて、壊れ難く、ある程度のサイズを有するものであり、生産工程で生ずる木炭・竹炭の粉末は燃料以外に有効な利用法はない。モンモリロナイトは粘結性、焼結性に優れており、セラミックスを製造する時に成形、焼結助剤として原料に添加されることがある。
この例としては、クリンカーアッシュ、粘土、木炭にベントナイト(主成分モンモリロナイト)を添加して多孔質構造の敷施材を製造する方法(特開2001−328880)や石炭灰、頁岩粉、モンモリロナイトを主成分とする粘土を用いて、吸水、吸湿板材及びその製造方法(特開平11−322466)などがある。
【0005】
【発明が解決しょうとする課題】
粉炭を酸化、灰化させないで、モンモリロナイトを主成分とする粘土を用いて炭の特性を失わないで、任意の形状に成形する技術と焼成して固化する技術。
【0006】
木炭・竹粉の持つポアー以外に、新たなサイズの異なるナノポアーを有するゼオライト、クリンカアッシュを付加し、更にセラミックス製造工程で発生するポアーによって、ポアー径分布領域の幅を広くし、より吸着機能(吸湿、吸水など)を高めること。
【0007】
特殊な還元窯を用いないで、炭焼き窯で炭入り配合原料を焼結する。炭焼き窯の内部は酸素の極めて少ない雰囲気(還元雰囲気)のため、粘土原料に混ぜた炭粉は燃焼(酸化)しないので、炭が従来からもつポアーを維持・存続させること。
【0008】
一般的に炭焼き窯で木炭・竹炭を製造する過程では、温度ムラや窯出しの際の衝撃により木炭・竹炭粉が生ずる、この粉炭は炭団や練炭の原料にする以外用途はほとんどない。この粉炭を固形化することにより、より付加価値の高い用途を可能にすること。
【0009】
【課題を解決するための手段】
木炭、竹炭の粉末、及び木炭、竹炭粉末にモンモリロナイトを主成分とする粘土と適量な水を添加して可塑性を発現させ、任意の形状に成形する。成形品を乾燥後、炭焼き窯の中で800℃位の温度で焼成して、炭やその他の材料の特性を失うことなく、焼結固化させる。なお、モンモリロナイトは加熱されると600〜700℃で結晶水を放出して、焼成収縮が激しくなり700℃以上に加熱されると固化が進み強度を増す。
その間、炭焼き窯内部の空気を断った著しい還元状態に置かるため、成形物に含まれている木炭、竹炭が分解、燃焼、灰化することは無い。
【0010】
木炭・竹炭が元来持つミクロ〜ナノポアーの外に、添加されたゼオライトやクンカーアッシュの結晶内部に存在するミクロ〜ナノポアー、更に焼結工程でベントナイトの結晶水の放出で発生ミクロサイズのポアーによって、セラミックスの吸水率、表面積の増大、細孔径分布範囲の拡大させたセラミックス。
【0011】
木炭、竹炭等を粘土等の原料に混合して焼結すると、木炭、竹炭は酸化・燃焼して灰になる、木炭、竹炭等の炭化物を酸化・燃焼させないで原料を焼成するためには、炉内に窒素、アルゴンなど不活性ガスを流入させるか、ガス燃料等を不完全燃焼させて炉内を還元雰囲気にする必要がある。これらの方法は特殊な装置、技術を必要とし、またコストも非常に高くつく、本発明は通常使用している炭焼窯を使い、普通の炭焼きの時と同じ燃焼方法、燃焼温度で目的を達成する。
なお、ゼオライトを添加した場合、ゼオライト結晶の構造破壊を防ぐために、焼結温度は極力800℃以内に抑える。
【0012】
炭焼き作業では炭焼き窯内の温度差、焼きむらにより、窯詰された原料を全て硬質炭にすることは一般的に困難であり、粉炭が良く発生する。
この粉炭を他の原料と混合、成形、焼成することにより硬くて、壊れ難い、また用途に合った大きさにすることによって、燃料以外の用途、粉炭の有効利用を可能とする。
【0013】
【発明の実施の形態】
この発明の実施の形態を説明すると、粒径ほぼ1mm以下の木炭、竹炭の粉末(重量比30〜70%)にモンモリロナイトを主成分とする粘土(重量比70〜30%)を添加しよく混合する。それに混合原料が可塑性を呈する程度に水を加える、成形に支障がある場合は澱粉、PVA等の粘着剤を添加する。
その配合原料を成形・造粒・乾燥した成形物は、既存の炭焼き窯に入れ、一緒に入れた木材、竹材を炭化させると同時にセラミックス化する。
【0014】
【実施例】竹炭粉、ゼオライトが約20%共存するベントナイト、粘結助剤を良くかき混ぜ、その中に適量の水を添加する、原料の配合重量は下記のとおりである。この混錬した粘土状の材料を金属製容器に入れて手で加圧成形した板、及び手で丸めた塊を炭焼き窯(間接式木炭製造装置、max800℃)で焼成すると、黒色の板状、塊状セラミックスが出来た。この黒色板、塊状セラミックは非常に硬度はあるが、多孔質で水を良く吸収した。
配合原料 配合重量
竹炭粉 500g
ベントナイト 500g
水 0.3L
糊 5g
木炭粉50%、ゼオライト10%、モンモリロナイト40%を混合しものに粘結助剤として澱粉糊を添加して可塑性を発現させ、それを手で丸め(ほぼ直径5mm)、炭焼き窯(間接式木炭製造装置、max800℃)で焼成すると、黒色のボール状セラミックが出来た。このボール状セラミックは非常に多孔質であるが、200cmの高さからコンクリート地面に落下させても壊れない程度の強度を有し、長時間水中においても勿論崩壊しない。試作品を冷蔵庫の中に入れておくと、2〜3日で冷蔵庫と同じ臭いを発することにより、吸臭機能を有することを確認した。
ボール状セラミックの物性
見掛気孔率(%) 53.3
吸水率(%) 55.2
見掛比重 2.07
かさ比重 0.97
かさ重量(g/L) 478
【0015】
【図面の簡単な説明】
木炭・竹炭、ゼオライト、ベントナイトを炭焼き窯で焼成した造粒物及び平板の断面を図1、図2に示す。
造粒物を炭焼き窯で焼成する際の炭焼き内部の様子を図3に示す。
【符号の説明】
1.炭化物・無機物複合焼結体
2.木炭、竹炭、又はその他の炭化物
3.粘土の焼結体
4.空隙
5.ゼオライト等の多孔湿物質
6.竹材、木材
7.炭焼き窯
[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a new use other than the use of powdered carbide (charcoal powder, bamboo charcoal powder) generated during charcoal baking or processing and shipping of charcoal as a fuel for coal briquettes or briquettes. It is used for high value-added products.
[0002]
Charcoal, bamboo charcoal, etc. are porous and have properties such as water absorption and moisture absorption, and are used as environmental purification materials such as water quality and air pollution prevention.In addition to charcoal and bamboo charcoal, zeolite and clinker ash with different pore sizes are blended. Development of environmental purification material that can be used for various purposes by expanding the width of the pore distribution area by molding and firing.
[0003]
A method for producing ceramics that sinters and solidifies charcoal and bamboo charcoal mixed in clay without oxidizing or incineration, utilizing the reducing atmosphere inside the charcoal kiln.
[0004]
[Prior art]
Charcoal and bamboo charcoal have been used as fuel for a long time.However, recently, the use of charcoal and bamboo charcoal has micro- to nano-spaces, such as humidity control materials, deodorizing materials, and air / water purification materials. There is a strong tendency to be used.
Charcoal and bamboo charcoal suitable for such applications are hard, hard to break and have a certain size, and the charcoal and bamboo charcoal powder produced in the production process has no effective use other than fuel. Montmorillonite has excellent binding properties and sinterability, and is sometimes added to raw materials as a molding and sintering aid when producing ceramics.
Examples of this method include a method for producing a lining material having a porous structure by adding bentonite (main component montmorillonite) to clinker ash, clay, and charcoal (JP-A-2001-328880), and coal ash, shale powder, and montmorillonite. There are water absorption and moisture absorption plate materials using clay as a component and a method for producing the same (Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 11-322466).
[0005]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
A technique of forming into any shape without oxidizing and ashing pulverized coal and using a clay containing montmorillonite as a main component without losing the properties of coal, and a technique of firing and solidifying.
[0006]
In addition to the pores of charcoal and bamboo powder, zeolite and clinker ash with new nanopores of different sizes are added, and the pores generated in the ceramics manufacturing process increase the width of the pore diameter distribution area, further adsorbing function ( Moisture absorption, water absorption, etc.).
[0007]
Instead of using a special reduction kiln, the charcoal-blended raw material is sintered in a charcoal kiln. Because the atmosphere inside the charcoal kiln is extremely low in oxygen (reducing atmosphere), the coal powder mixed with the clay raw materials does not burn (oxidize), so the pores that charcoal has had in the past must be maintained and maintained.
[0008]
Generally, in the process of producing charcoal or bamboo charcoal in a charcoal kiln, charcoal or bamboo charcoal powder is generated due to temperature unevenness or impact when the kiln is removed. This powdered coal has little use except as a raw material for coal briquettes or briquettes. By solidifying this pulverized coal, it is possible to use it with higher added value.
[0009]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
A clay containing montmorillonite as a main component and an appropriate amount of water are added to charcoal and bamboo charcoal powder, and charcoal and bamboo charcoal powder to develop plasticity and molded into an arbitrary shape. After the molded product is dried, it is fired in a charcoal kiln at a temperature of about 800 ° C. to be sintered and solidified without losing the properties of charcoal and other materials. The montmorillonite releases crystallization water at 600 to 700 ° C. when heated, and the firing shrinkage becomes severe, and when heated to 700 ° C. or more, solidification proceeds and the strength increases.
During this time, the charcoal and kiln contained in the molded product do not decompose, burn, or incinerate because the air inside the charcoal kiln is placed in a remarkably reduced state with the air cut off.
[0010]
In addition to the micro-nano pores originally contained in charcoal and bamboo charcoal, the micro-nano pores present inside the added zeolite and kunkar ash crystals, and the micro-sized pores generated by the release of bentonite crystal water during the sintering process Ceramics with increased water absorption, surface area, and pore size distribution range of ceramics.
[0011]
When charcoal and bamboo charcoal are mixed with raw materials such as clay and sintered, charcoal and bamboo charcoal are oxidized and burned into ash.In order to calcine raw materials without oxidizing and burning charcoal and bamboo charcoal, etc. It is necessary to make an inert gas such as nitrogen or argon flow into the furnace, or to incompletely burn gaseous fuel or the like to make the furnace a reducing atmosphere. These methods require special equipment and technology, and are very expensive.The present invention uses the usual charcoal kiln and achieves the purpose with the same combustion method and combustion temperature as ordinary charcoal firing. I do.
In addition, when zeolite is added, the sintering temperature is kept as low as possible within 800 ° C. in order to prevent the structural destruction of the zeolite crystal.
[0012]
In the charcoal burning operation, it is generally difficult to convert all the raw materials packed in the kiln into hard charcoal due to the temperature difference in the charcoal kiln and uneven grilling, and fine coal is often generated.
The pulverized coal is mixed with other raw materials, molded, and calcined to be hard and hard to break, and by making the size suitable for the use, it is possible to use the pulverized coal for purposes other than fuel.
[0013]
BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
According to an embodiment of the present invention, clay containing montmorillonite as a main component (weight ratio of 70 to 30%) is added to charcoal and bamboo charcoal powder (weight ratio of 30 to 70%) having a particle size of approximately 1 mm or less and mixed well. I do. Water is added to such an extent that the mixed raw material exhibits plasticity. If there is a problem in molding, an adhesive such as starch or PVA is added.
The molded material obtained by molding, granulating, and drying the compounded raw material is put into an existing charcoal kiln, and the wood and bamboo materials put together are carbonized and ceramicized.
[0014]
EXAMPLES Bamboo charcoal powder, bentonite in which zeolite coexists at about 20%, and a cohesive agent are mixed well, and an appropriate amount of water is added thereto. The compounding weight of the raw materials is as follows. This kneaded clay-like material is put into a metal container and pressed by hand, and the hand-rolled lump is fired in a charcoal kiln (indirect charcoal making equipment, max 800 ° C) to give a black plate. , A massive ceramic was formed. Although this black plate and massive ceramic had very high hardness, they were porous and well absorbed water.
Blended raw material Blended bamboo charcoal powder 500g
500g bentonite
0.3L water
5g of glue
A mixture of 50% charcoal powder, 10% zeolite, and 40% montmorillonite is added with starch paste as a binding aid to develop plasticity, which is then rolled by hand (approximately 5 mm in diameter), and a charcoal kiln (indirect charcoal) When fired with a manufacturing apparatus (max 800 ° C.), a black ball-shaped ceramic was obtained. Although this ball-shaped ceramic is very porous, it has such a strength that it does not break when dropped on a concrete ground from a height of 200 cm, and of course does not collapse even in water for a long time. When the prototype was put in a refrigerator, it emitted the same odor as the refrigerator in a few days, confirming that it had an odor absorbing function.
Physical properties of ball-shaped ceramic Apparent porosity (%) 53.3
Water absorption (%) 55.2
Apparent specific gravity 2.07
Bulk specific gravity 0.97
Bulk weight (g / L) 478
[0015]
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIGS. 1 and 2 show cross sections of a granulated product and a flat plate obtained by firing charcoal / bamboo charcoal, zeolite, and bentonite in a charcoal kiln.
Fig. 3 shows the inside of the charcoal firing when the granulated material is fired in the charcoal firing kiln.
[Explanation of symbols]
1. 1. Carbide / inorganic composite sintered body 2. charcoal, bamboo charcoal, or other carbides 3. sintered body of clay Void 5. 5. Porous wet substance such as zeolite 6. bamboo, wood Charcoal kiln

Claims (3)

粒径がほぼ 1mm以下の木炭又は竹炭、その混合物に適量なモンモリロナイトを主成分とする粘土、例えばベントナイトを配合し、よく混ぜた後、湿式成形が可能な程度の水を添加、混錬して任意の形状、サイズに成形する。成形品を炭焼き窯の中に入れ、炭焼き窯の内部が還元雰囲気であることを利用して、木炭、竹炭を酸化、灰化させないで焼結・固化する技術。
なお、粘土の配合量は重量比で木炭・竹炭100に対して、ベントナイト100〜30とする。
A charcoal or bamboo charcoal having a particle size of about 1 mm or less, a mixture containing a suitable amount of montmorillonite as a main component, for example, bentonite, is blended with a mixture thereof, and then mixed well. Mold into any shape and size. A technology that puts molded products in a charcoal kiln and uses a reducing atmosphere inside the charcoal kiln to sinter and solidify charcoal and bamboo charcoal without oxidizing or asking them.
The amount of clay is 100 to 30 bentonite with respect to 100 charcoal / bamboo charcoal in weight ratio.
粒径がほぼ 1mm以下の木炭、竹炭にゼオライトやクリンカーアッシュなどの多孔質無機材料を配合し、これにモンモリロナイトを主成分とする粘土、例えばベントナイトを加え、よく混ぜた後、湿式成形が可能な程度の水を添加して任意のサイズ、大きさに成形する技術。
なお、粘土の配合量は、重量比で木炭・竹炭100に対して、ベントナイト100〜30とする。また、木炭、竹炭とゼオライトやクリンカーアッシュの配合比は1:1,〜1:0.5内で用途又は細孔分布によって決める。
A porous inorganic material such as zeolite or clinker ash is blended with charcoal or bamboo charcoal with a particle size of approximately 1 mm or less, and clay containing montmorillonite as a main component, for example, bentonite, is added and mixed well. Technology to add water to a desired size and size.
In addition, the compounding quantity of clay shall be bentonite 100-30 with respect to charcoal / bamboo charcoal 100 by weight ratio. The mixing ratio of charcoal or bamboo charcoal to zeolite or clinker ash is in the range of 1: 1, to 1: 0.5, depending on the application or pore distribution.
「請求項1」、「請求項2」で請求した原料配合に、更に、焼成体の比重調整用材として比重の大きな珪砂などを配合し、「請求項1」、「請求項2」と同様な方式で成形、乾燥、加熱、固化させるセラミックス製造技術。In addition to the raw material blends claimed in “Claim 1” and “Claim 2”, silica sand having a large specific gravity is further blended as a material for adjusting the specific gravity of the fired body, and the same as in “Claim 1” and “Claim 2” Ceramic manufacturing technology that forms, dries, heats, and solidifies by the method.
JP2003175559A 2003-05-15 2003-05-15 Method of manufacturing porous ceramic using charcoal powder or bamboo charcoal powder as main raw material Pending JP2004339042A (en)

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US9968911B2 (en) 2012-07-27 2018-05-15 The Carbon Basis Company Ltd. Biochar products and method of manufacture thereof
US10518244B2 (en) 2015-10-08 2019-12-31 The Carbon Basis Company Ltd. Biochar products and method of manufacture thereof
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Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
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US9968911B2 (en) 2012-07-27 2018-05-15 The Carbon Basis Company Ltd. Biochar products and method of manufacture thereof
JP2016099264A (en) * 2014-11-25 2016-05-30 有限会社パールハート Radioactive substance adsorption ceramic for disposing of radioactive substance safely
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CN111848166A (en) * 2020-08-11 2020-10-30 景德镇陶瓷大学 Columnar carbon granules with illite, low-temperature flux and walnut shell powder as main raw materials and preparation method thereof

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