JP2004331861A - Friction material - Google Patents

Friction material Download PDF

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Publication number
JP2004331861A
JP2004331861A JP2003131380A JP2003131380A JP2004331861A JP 2004331861 A JP2004331861 A JP 2004331861A JP 2003131380 A JP2003131380 A JP 2003131380A JP 2003131380 A JP2003131380 A JP 2003131380A JP 2004331861 A JP2004331861 A JP 2004331861A
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JP
Japan
Prior art keywords
friction material
fibers
fiber
basalt
volume
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
JP2003131380A
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Japanese (ja)
Inventor
Kazuhiro Takeuchi
竹内一弘
Takeo Osada
長田武夫
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Nisshinbo Holdings Inc
Original Assignee
Nisshinbo Industries Inc
Nisshin Spinning Co Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Nisshinbo Industries Inc, Nisshin Spinning Co Ltd filed Critical Nisshinbo Industries Inc
Priority to JP2003131380A priority Critical patent/JP2004331861A/en
Publication of JP2004331861A publication Critical patent/JP2004331861A/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a friction material having balanced properties, suppressed squeaking phenomenon and improved strength, heat-resistance, abrasion resistance and braking stability of the whole friction material. <P>SOLUTION: The friction material is produced by forming and curing a friction material composition composed mainly of a fiber base excluding asbestos, a binder and a filler. The composition contains 1-20 vol.% chopped strand of basalt fiber based on the whole friction material composition. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2005,JPO&NCIPI

Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、自動車、各種産業用機械等のブレーキパッド、ブレーキライニング及びクラッチフェーシング等に使用される摩擦材に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
摩擦材を構成する繊維基材として、金属繊維、有機繊維、無機繊維等を使用するが、近年の自動車等の高速化、高性能化から摩擦材全体の強度、耐熱性を高め耐摩耗性を向上させ、高速制動時等に高い摩擦係数を確保するため、ガラス繊維、ロックウール、玄武岩繊維等の無機繊維の使用は必須となっている。
しかしながら、無機繊維の使用は対面攻撃性を悪化させ、鳴き特性を増大させる面もある。つまり摩擦材全体の強度、耐熱性、耐摩耗性を高め効き安定性を向上させつつ、鳴き特性にも優れたバランスのとれた摩擦材の開発が希求されているのである。
【0003】
無機繊維の中で、形状等の制御がしやすくかつ安価なガラス繊維は、耐熱性が700〜860℃までしかなく、900℃を越えると溶融することから、耐熱性に問題があり、対面が攻撃(研削)されやすくなり、高負荷時に効きの安定性及び鳴き特性を悪化させる恐れがある。
【0004】
ロックウールは耐熱性はあるが、他の摩擦材原料との混合時にダマになりやすいという問題がある。この問題を解決することを目的としてウレタン樹脂とシランカップリング剤を表面に付着したロックウールが開示されている。(例えば、特許文献1)
しかしさまざまな原料を使用する摩擦材製造において、やはり充分な混合性が得られていない現実がある。
【0005】
玄武岩繊維は玄武岩をロービング状の長繊維としたものである。(例えば、特許文献2)玄武岩繊維は耐熱性が高いが、従来は長さが1mm程度以下の粉体状の玄武岩繊維(粉末)を使用していた。これは玄武岩繊維が一般に硬く、技術面、コスト面から繊維径が比較的大きくなり、あまり繊維長を長くすると対面攻撃性が増大するからである。このため摩擦材組成物の他の原料との混合時に分離しやすい傾向となり、アクリル系繊維パルプにて取り込む等の工夫が必要であった。(例えば、特許文献3)
【0006】
【特許文献1】
特開平6−305760号公報
【特許文献2】
特表平9−500080号公報
【特許文献3】
特開平5−39477号公報
【0007】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
本発明は上記事情に鑑みなされたもので、摩擦材全体の強度、耐熱性を高め耐摩耗性を向上させる事ができ、効きの安定性及び鳴き特性のバランスのとれた良好な摩擦材を提供することを課題とする。
【0008】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明者は、上記目的を達成するため鋭意検討を行った結果、効きの安定性及び鳴き特性が良好な摩擦材を得るためには、対面への攻撃性を減じその研削度合いを減らすことはもちろん一定の効果があるが、最近の自動車の高出力化、高速化等による制動条件の過酷化の下、意外な事に従来考えていたよりも、もう少し表面を研削する、即ち対面をある一定の面粗度に保持することがより重要であるとの知見を得た。この知見をもとに従来から使用していた無機材料を再度検討したところ、ある一定の繊維径及び高耐熱性を持つ、従来使用されていたものより繊維長が少し長めの玄武岩繊維のチョップドストランドを使用することで、対面をある一定の面粗度に保持することが出来る事を見出し、本発明を完成した。
【0009】
対面をある一定の面粗度に保持すると、なぜ高速制動時の効きの安定性及び鳴き特性のバランスのとれた良好な摩擦材となるかは定かではないが、摩擦材から対面へ無機繊維等の摩擦材原料の移着が関係していると考えられる。すなわち、適度に移着がなされることにより摩擦材と対面(ローター)の界面が安定するのである。
【0010】
即ち、本発明は、石綿を除く繊維基材、結合材、充填材を主成分とする摩擦材組成物を成形、硬化してなる摩擦材において、玄武岩繊維のチョップドストランドを摩擦材組成物全体に対して1〜20体積%含有することを特徴とする摩擦材に関する。また、その玄武岩繊維のチョップドストランドは繊維径5〜20μm、長さ2〜7mmであることを特徴とする摩擦材に関する。
【0011】
【発明の実施の形態】
本発明の摩擦材は、石綿を除く繊維基材、結合材、充填材を主成分とする摩擦材組成物を成形、硬化してなるものである。ここで、本発明では上記繊維基材として、玄武岩繊維のチョップドストランドの含有を必要とする。ここで、チョップドストランドとは溶融紡糸法により連続的に作成された円柱状の長繊維を数百本束ねたものを一定の長さに切断したものである。
玄武岩繊維のチョップドストランドの繊維長は好ましくは2〜7mm、更に好ましくは3〜6mmである。また繊維径は好ましくは5〜20μm、更に好ましくは7〜14μmである。この範囲内であれば、対面をある一定の面粗度に保持することが可能となり、効きの安定性及び鳴き特性が良好な摩擦材を得ることが出来る。またその含有量は、摩擦材全量に対して1〜20体積%、好ましくは1〜10体積%である。この範囲内であれば、摩擦材全体の強度、耐熱性を高め耐摩耗性を向上させる事が出来る。
【0012】
上記の玄武岩繊維のチョップドストランドに加えてさらに含有してもよい繊維基材としては、石綿(アスベスト)以外の摩擦材に通常用いられる繊維基材が挙げられる。たとえばスチール、銅、真鍮、青銅、アルミニウム等の金属繊維;セラミック繊維、チタン酸カリウム繊維、ガラス繊維、ロックウール、人工鉱物繊維、ウォラストナイト、セピオライト、アタパルジャイト等の無機繊維;アラミド繊維、炭素繊維、ポリイミド繊維、フェノール繊維、セルロース繊維、アクリル繊維等の有機繊維;等である。これらは1種又は2種以上用いることが出来る。繊維基材の添加量は、摩擦材全量に対して好ましくは10〜40体積%、より好ましくは15〜30体積%である。
【0013】
上記結合材としては、通常摩擦材に用いられる公知のものを使用することができる。たとえば、フェノール樹脂、フェノールアラルキル樹脂、NBRゴム変性ハイオルソフェノール樹脂、NBRゴム変性フェノール樹脂、アクリルゴム変性樹脂、メラミン樹脂、エポキシ樹脂、NBR、アクリルゴム等が挙げられる。これらは1種又は2種以上用いることが出来る。この結合材の添加量は摩擦材全量に対して好ましくは5体積%以上、より好ましくは5〜30体積%、更に好ましくは5〜25体積%である。
【0014】
上記充填材としては、有機充填材と無機充填材が挙げられる。有機充填材として、たとえばカシューダスト、タイヤリク、ゴムダスト(ゴム粉末、粒)、二トリルゴム(未加硫品)、アクリルゴムダスト(加硫品)、黒鉛、コークス等が挙げられる。これらは1種又は2種以上用いることが出来る。この有機充填材の添加量は、摩擦材全量に対して好ましくは5〜30体積%、より好ましくは10〜25体積%である。一方無機充填材としては、硫酸バリウム、炭酸カルシウム、グラファイト、マイカ等の他、鉄、銅、アルミニウム等の金属粉が挙げられる。これらは1種又は2種以上用いることが出来る。この無機充填材は、摩擦材組成物全体の20〜75体積%、より好ましくは、30〜65体積%である。
【0015】
本発明の摩擦材の製造方法は、上記成分をヘンシェルミキサー、レディゲミキサー、アイリッヒミキサー等の混合機を用いて均一に混合して成形金型内で予備成形し、この予備成形物を成形温度413〜455K、成形圧力20〜50MPaで、5〜15分成形するものである。
【0016】
次に、得られた成形品を413〜523Kの温度で2〜48時間熱処理(後硬化)した後、必要に応じてスプレー塗装、焼き付け、研磨処理を施して完成品が得られる。
【0017】
なお、自動車等のディスクパッドを製造する場合には、予め洗浄、表面処理、接着剤を塗布した鉄又はアルミニウム製プレート上に予備成形物を載せ、この状態で成形用金型内にて成形、熱処理、スプレー塗装、焼き付け、研磨することにより製造することができる。
【0018】
本発明の摩擦材は、自動車、大型トラック、鉄道車両、各種産業機械等のブレーキライニング、クラッチフェーシング、ディスクパッド、制輪子等の各種用途に幅広く用いることができるものである。
【0019】
【実施例】
以下、実施例と比較例を示し、本発明を具体的に説明するが、本発明は下記の実施例に制限されるものではない。
【0020】
表1に示す組成の摩擦材組成物をレディゲミキサーにて5分間混合し、加圧型内で10MPaにて1分加圧して予備成形をした。この予備成形物を成形温度423K、成形圧力40MPaの条件下で10分間成形した後、473Kで5時間熱処理(後硬化)を行ない、塗装、焼き付け、研磨して、実施例、比較例の乗用車用ブレーキパッドを作成した。これらのブレーキパッドにつき、下記条件で分析・試験をおこなった。結果を表2に示す。
【0021】
(1) 効き安定性
JASO C406準拠。制動初速度;50km/h、100km/h、制動終速度0km/h、制動減速度;0.3G。
(2) 耐摩耗性
JASO C406準拠。
(3) 対面攻撃性(面粗度)
JASO C406準拠。摩擦対面(ローター)の摩擦程度を下記基準に基づき評価した。
◎:4μm以下。
○:4μmを超え7μm以下。
×:7μmを超える。
(4) 鳴き特性
JASO C404準拠。実車試験により、鳴き発生率を下記基準に基づき評価した。
◎:1.2%未満
○:1.2%以上2.4%以下
×:2.4%を超える
(5) 引張強度
JIS K7113準拠。常温及び300℃6時間の熱履歴後における引張強度。
【0022】
表1

Figure 2004331861
【0023】
表2
Figure 2004331861
【0024】
【発明の効果】
本発明により、摩擦材全体の強度、耐熱性を高め耐摩耗性を向上させる事ができ、効きの安定性及び鳴き特性のバランスのとれた良好な摩擦材を得ることが出来る。[0001]
TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a friction material used for brake pads, brake linings, clutch facings, etc. of automobiles, various industrial machines, and the like.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Metal fibers, organic fibers, inorganic fibers, etc. are used as the fiber base material that composes the friction material. The use of inorganic fibers such as glass fiber, rock wool, and basalt fiber is indispensable in order to improve the friction coefficient during high-speed braking and the like.
However, the use of inorganic fibers may worsen face-to-face aggression and increase squeal characteristics. In other words, there is a need for the development of a well-balanced friction material having excellent squealing characteristics while enhancing the strength, heat resistance and abrasion resistance of the entire friction material and improving its effectiveness and stability.
[0003]
Among the inorganic fibers, the glass fiber whose shape and the like are easy to control and which is inexpensive has a heat resistance of only 700 to 860 ° C, and melts when the temperature exceeds 900 ° C. Attack (grinding) is likely to occur, and the effect stability and squeal characteristics may be deteriorated under a high load.
[0004]
Rock wool has heat resistance, but has a problem in that it tends to lump when mixed with other friction material materials. Rock wool having a urethane resin and a silane coupling agent attached to its surface has been disclosed for the purpose of solving this problem. (For example, Patent Document 1)
However, in the production of friction materials using various raw materials, there is still a reality that sufficient mixing properties have not been obtained.
[0005]
Basalt fiber is basalt made into roving-like long fiber. (For example, Patent Document 2) Although basalt fibers have high heat resistance, conventionally, powdery basalt fibers (powder) having a length of about 1 mm or less have been used. This is because the basalt fiber is generally hard, the fiber diameter is relatively large in terms of technology and cost, and if the fiber length is too long, the face-to-face aggressiveness increases. For this reason, the friction material composition tends to be easily separated when mixed with other raw materials, and it is necessary to take measures such as taking in with acrylic fiber pulp. (For example, Patent Document 3)
[0006]
[Patent Document 1]
JP-A-6-305760 [Patent Document 2]
Japanese Patent Publication No. 9-500080 [Patent Document 3]
JP-A-5-39477
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and provides a good friction material which can enhance the strength and heat resistance of the entire friction material and improve the wear resistance, and has a good balance between the stability of the effect and the squealing characteristics. The task is to
[0008]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The present inventor has conducted intensive studies to achieve the above-mentioned object, and as a result, in order to obtain a friction material having good effect stability and squealing characteristics, it is necessary to reduce the aggressiveness to the facing surface and reduce the degree of grinding. Of course, it has a certain effect, but under the severer braking conditions due to the recent increase in the output and speed of automobiles, surprisingly, the surface is ground a little more than previously thought, that is, It has been found that it is more important to maintain the surface roughness. Based on this knowledge, we re-examined the inorganic materials that had been used in the past, and found that the chopped strands of basalt fiber with a certain fiber diameter and high heat resistance and a slightly longer fiber length than those conventionally used were used. It has been found that the use of is able to maintain the facing surface at a certain surface roughness, and completed the present invention.
[0009]
It is not clear why maintaining the facing surface at a certain surface roughness will result in a good friction material with a good balance of stability and squeal characteristics during high-speed braking. It is considered that the transfer of the friction material material is related. That is, the interface between the friction material and the facing surface (rotor) is stabilized by performing the transfer appropriately.
[0010]
That is, the present invention relates to a friction material obtained by molding and curing a friction material composition containing a fiber base material other than asbestos, a binder, and a filler as main components, in which the chopped strands of basalt fibers are used throughout the friction material composition. The present invention relates to a friction material characterized by containing 1 to 20% by volume. The chopped strand of the basalt fiber has a fiber diameter of 5 to 20 μm and a length of 2 to 7 mm.
[0011]
BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
The friction material of the present invention is obtained by molding and curing a friction material composition mainly containing a fiber base material other than asbestos, a binder, and a filler. Here, in the present invention, it is necessary to include chopped strands of basalt fibers as the fiber base material. Here, the chopped strand is obtained by bundling hundreds of cylindrical long fibers continuously produced by a melt spinning method and cutting the bundle into a certain length.
The fiber length of the chopped strand of the basalt fiber is preferably 2 to 7 mm, more preferably 3 to 6 mm. The fiber diameter is preferably 5 to 20 μm, more preferably 7 to 14 μm. Within this range, the facing surface can be maintained at a certain surface roughness, and a friction material having good effect stability and good squealing characteristics can be obtained. The content is 1 to 20% by volume, preferably 1 to 10% by volume, based on the total amount of the friction material. Within this range, the strength and heat resistance of the entire friction material can be increased and the wear resistance can be improved.
[0012]
Examples of the fiber base material that may be further contained in addition to the chopped strands of the basalt fiber include a fiber base material generally used for a friction material other than asbestos (asbestos). Metal fibers such as steel, copper, brass, bronze, and aluminum; ceramic fibers, potassium titanate fibers, glass fibers, rock wool, artificial mineral fibers, inorganic fibers such as wollastonite, sepiolite, and attapulgite; aramid fibers and carbon fibers Organic fibers such as polyimide fibers, phenol fibers, cellulose fibers, and acrylic fibers; These can be used alone or in combination of two or more. The amount of the fibrous base material is preferably 10 to 40% by volume, more preferably 15 to 30% by volume, based on the total amount of the friction material.
[0013]
As the above-mentioned binder, a known binder usually used for a friction material can be used. For example, phenol resin, phenol aralkyl resin, NBR rubber-modified high ortho phenol resin, NBR rubber-modified phenol resin, acrylic rubber-modified resin, melamine resin, epoxy resin, NBR, acrylic rubber, and the like can be given. These can be used alone or in combination of two or more. The amount of the binder added is preferably 5% by volume or more, more preferably 5 to 30% by volume, and still more preferably 5 to 25% by volume based on the total amount of the friction material.
[0014]
Examples of the filler include an organic filler and an inorganic filler. Examples of the organic filler include cashew dust, tire liquor, rubber dust (rubber powder, granules), nitrile rubber (unvulcanized product), acrylic rubber dust (vulcanized product), graphite, coke, and the like. These can be used alone or in combination of two or more. The amount of the organic filler to be added is preferably 5 to 30% by volume, more preferably 10 to 25% by volume, based on the total amount of the friction material. On the other hand, examples of the inorganic filler include barium sulfate, calcium carbonate, graphite, mica, and the like, and metal powders such as iron, copper, and aluminum. These can be used alone or in combination of two or more. The amount of the inorganic filler is 20 to 75% by volume, more preferably 30 to 65% by volume of the whole friction material composition.
[0015]
In the method for producing a friction material according to the present invention, the above components are uniformly mixed using a mixer such as a Henschel mixer, a Loedige mixer, an Erich mixer and the like, and preliminarily molded in a molding die. Molding is performed at a temperature of 413 to 455K and a molding pressure of 20 to 50 MPa for 5 to 15 minutes.
[0016]
Next, the obtained molded article is heat-treated (post-cured) at a temperature of 413 to 523 K for 2 to 48 hours, and then subjected to spray coating, baking, and polishing as needed to obtain a finished product.
[0017]
In the case of manufacturing a disk pad for an automobile or the like, a preform is placed on an iron or aluminum plate to which cleaning, surface treatment, and an adhesive have been applied in advance, and molding is performed in a molding die in this state. It can be manufactured by heat treatment, spray coating, baking and polishing.
[0018]
INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY The friction material of the present invention can be widely used for various applications such as brake linings, clutch facings, disc pads, brake shoes and the like for automobiles, heavy trucks, railway vehicles, and various industrial machines.
[0019]
【Example】
Hereinafter, the present invention will be described specifically with reference to Examples and Comparative Examples, but the present invention is not limited to the following Examples.
[0020]
The friction material composition having the composition shown in Table 1 was mixed with a Loedige mixer for 5 minutes, and pre-formed by applying a pressure of 10 MPa for 1 minute in a pressure mold. This preform was molded at a molding temperature of 423K and a molding pressure of 40MPa for 10 minutes, and then heat-treated (post-cured) at 473K for 5 hours, painted, baked, and polished. I made a brake pad. These brake pads were analyzed and tested under the following conditions. Table 2 shows the results.
[0021]
(1) Effective stability Complies with JASO C406. Initial braking speed: 50 km / h, 100 km / h, final braking speed: 0 km / h, braking deceleration: 0.3 G.
(2) Abrasion resistance Complies with JASO C406.
(3) Face-to-face aggression (surface roughness)
Conforms to JASO C406. The degree of friction of the facing surface (rotor) was evaluated based on the following criteria.
:: 4 μm or less.
:: More than 4 μm and 7 μm or less.
×: Over 7 μm.
(4) Squeal characteristics Conforms to JASO C404. The squealing rate was evaluated based on the following criteria by an actual vehicle test.
◎: Less than 1.2% :: 1.2% or more and 2.4% or less X: More than 2.4% (5) Tensile strength Compliant with JIS K7113. Tensile strength after heat history at room temperature and 300 ° C. for 6 hours.
[0022]
Table 1
Figure 2004331861
[0023]
Table 2
Figure 2004331861
[0024]
【The invention's effect】
According to the present invention, it is possible to enhance the strength and heat resistance of the entire friction material and improve the wear resistance, and to obtain a good friction material having a good balance between the stability of the effect and the squealing characteristics.

Claims (2)

石綿を除く繊維基材、結合材、充填材を主成分とする摩擦材組成物を成形、硬化してなる摩擦材において、玄武岩繊維のチョップドストランドを、摩擦材組成物全体に対して1〜20体積%含有することを特徴とする摩擦材。In a friction material obtained by molding and hardening a friction material composition mainly composed of a fiber base material other than asbestos, a binder, and a filler, chopped strands of basalt fibers are used in an amount of 1 to 20 with respect to the entire friction material composition. Friction material characterized by containing by volume. 玄武岩繊維のチョップドストランドは、繊維径5〜20μm、長さ2〜7mmであることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の摩擦材。2. The friction material according to claim 1, wherein the chopped strand of the basalt fiber has a fiber diameter of 5 to 20 μm and a length of 2 to 7 mm.
JP2003131380A 2003-05-09 2003-05-09 Friction material Pending JP2004331861A (en)

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Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2006303971A (en) * 2005-04-21 2006-11-02 Pioneer Electronic Corp Vibration group component for loudspeaker apparatus, and manufacturing method thereof
AT501742B1 (en) * 2005-03-21 2006-11-15 Meulen Alfred V D WHEEL
EP2071209A1 (en) 2007-12-12 2009-06-17 HOERBIGER Antriebstechnik GmbH Non-metallic friction lining
CN107675109A (en) * 2017-09-20 2018-02-09 成都豪能科技股份有限公司 A kind of preparation method of synchronous ring
JP2018524189A (en) * 2015-06-29 2018-08-30 サンーゴバン アブレイシブズ,インコーポレイティド Abrasive products
CN112457543A (en) * 2020-11-20 2021-03-09 中铁隆昌铁路器材有限公司 Damping and noise-reducing material and preparation method thereof

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
AT501742B1 (en) * 2005-03-21 2006-11-15 Meulen Alfred V D WHEEL
JP2006303971A (en) * 2005-04-21 2006-11-02 Pioneer Electronic Corp Vibration group component for loudspeaker apparatus, and manufacturing method thereof
EP2071209A1 (en) 2007-12-12 2009-06-17 HOERBIGER Antriebstechnik GmbH Non-metallic friction lining
JP2018524189A (en) * 2015-06-29 2018-08-30 サンーゴバン アブレイシブズ,インコーポレイティド Abrasive products
CN107675109A (en) * 2017-09-20 2018-02-09 成都豪能科技股份有限公司 A kind of preparation method of synchronous ring
CN112457543A (en) * 2020-11-20 2021-03-09 中铁隆昌铁路器材有限公司 Damping and noise-reducing material and preparation method thereof

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