JP2004329068A - Apparatus for biomass methane fermentation - Google Patents

Apparatus for biomass methane fermentation Download PDF

Info

Publication number
JP2004329068A
JP2004329068A JP2003127083A JP2003127083A JP2004329068A JP 2004329068 A JP2004329068 A JP 2004329068A JP 2003127083 A JP2003127083 A JP 2003127083A JP 2003127083 A JP2003127083 A JP 2003127083A JP 2004329068 A JP2004329068 A JP 2004329068A
Authority
JP
Japan
Prior art keywords
biomass
methane
raw material
fermentation
methane fermentation
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
JP2003127083A
Other languages
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
Kokichi Mitsuzuka
孝吉 三塚
Masahiro Yoshimoto
正洋 吉本
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
MIDORI NO ENERGY KENKYUKAI KK
Original Assignee
MIDORI NO ENERGY KENKYUKAI KK
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by MIDORI NO ENERGY KENKYUKAI KK filed Critical MIDORI NO ENERGY KENKYUKAI KK
Priority to JP2003127083A priority Critical patent/JP2004329068A/en
Publication of JP2004329068A publication Critical patent/JP2004329068A/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

Links

Images

Classifications

    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12MAPPARATUS FOR ENZYMOLOGY OR MICROBIOLOGY; APPARATUS FOR CULTURING MICROORGANISMS FOR PRODUCING BIOMASS, FOR GROWING CELLS OR FOR OBTAINING FERMENTATION OR METABOLIC PRODUCTS, i.e. BIOREACTORS OR FERMENTERS
    • C12M21/00Bioreactors or fermenters specially adapted for specific uses
    • C12M21/04Bioreactors or fermenters specially adapted for specific uses for producing gas, e.g. biogas
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12MAPPARATUS FOR ENZYMOLOGY OR MICROBIOLOGY; APPARATUS FOR CULTURING MICROORGANISMS FOR PRODUCING BIOMASS, FOR GROWING CELLS OR FOR OBTAINING FERMENTATION OR METABOLIC PRODUCTS, i.e. BIOREACTORS OR FERMENTERS
    • C12M27/00Means for mixing, agitating or circulating fluids in the vessel
    • C12M27/10Rotating vessel
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12MAPPARATUS FOR ENZYMOLOGY OR MICROBIOLOGY; APPARATUS FOR CULTURING MICROORGANISMS FOR PRODUCING BIOMASS, FOR GROWING CELLS OR FOR OBTAINING FERMENTATION OR METABOLIC PRODUCTS, i.e. BIOREACTORS OR FERMENTERS
    • C12M33/00Means for introduction, transport, positioning, extraction, harvesting, peeling or sampling of biological material in or from the apparatus
    • C12M33/16Screw conveyor
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12MAPPARATUS FOR ENZYMOLOGY OR MICROBIOLOGY; APPARATUS FOR CULTURING MICROORGANISMS FOR PRODUCING BIOMASS, FOR GROWING CELLS OR FOR OBTAINING FERMENTATION OR METABOLIC PRODUCTS, i.e. BIOREACTORS OR FERMENTERS
    • C12M41/00Means for regulation, monitoring, measurement or control, e.g. flow regulation
    • C12M41/40Means for regulation, monitoring, measurement or control, e.g. flow regulation of pressure
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E50/00Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
    • Y02E50/30Fuel from waste, e.g. synthetic alcohol or diesel

Landscapes

  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Bioinformatics & Cheminformatics (AREA)
  • Zoology (AREA)
  • Genetics & Genomics (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • Microbiology (AREA)
  • Biotechnology (AREA)
  • Biochemistry (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Molecular Biology (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Apparatus Associated With Microorganisms And Enzymes (AREA)
  • Treatment Of Sludge (AREA)

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide an apparatus for biomass methane fermentation, with which processes necessary for generation and supply of methane from biomass are integrated as much as possible, the whole system is simplified as much as possible into simple facilities, a dry system is adopted at least partially so as to reduce a problem of waste water treatment in the case of a purely wet system and a large amount of methane is supplied efficiently, inexpensively and continuously. <P>SOLUTION: The apparatus for biomass methane fermentation comprises a multistep mixer with which a fed biomass raw material is successively wetted with a substance containing a methane bacterium at multisteps and the degree of closure expressing the level of the ratio of methane gas to air is successively increased and a fermentation apparatus for fermenting the biomass wetted with the substance containing the methane bacterium from the multistep mixer or comprises the multiple mixer and the fermentation apparatus arranged in one tank. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2005,JPO&NCIPI

Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、バイオマスメタン発酵装置に関し、とくに、バイオマスを原料とし、メタン細菌含有物質を混入して嫌気性条件下で大量のメタンを連続的に効率よく発酵させることができるバイオマスメタン発酵装置に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
少なくともバイオマスを原料とし、メタン細菌含有物質を混入して嫌気性条件下でメタン発酵させる技術が知られている。たとえば、先に本発明者により、細片化された木質バイオマスに、茸栽培廃床の細片を混合した後、メタン細菌含有物質を添加し、嫌気条件下での発酵により少なくともメタンを含む混合ガスを発生させることができる、バイオマスを用いたガス製造方法が提案されている(特許文献1、特許文献2)。この方法により、高効率でメタンを主成分とするバイオガスの生成が可能となり、現状のプロパンガス供給地域等において、各消費者にこの方法により製造されるバイオガスを供給するシステムおよびプラントを構築することが可能となった。
【0003】
【特許文献1】
特願2002−337033号(特許請求の範囲)
【特許文献2】
特願2003−106564号(特許請求の範囲)
【0004】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
従来、メタン発酵には嫌気性条件が必要なため、上記のようなメタン発酵システムは、湿式方式、つまり、湿った原料からメタンを発酵させるシステムが主流であった。しかし、湿式方式では、発酵原料の流動性を保持するために、含水率90%以上が必要となり、発酵後の水処理(排水処理)に多大な費用が必要になることとなっていた。そのため、固形成分分離や排水滅菌等費用が、プラントの維持に必要な全費用に占める割合が極めて大きくなるという問題がある。また、たとえ十分な水処理を施しても、地域によっては排水の河川放流を認めない場合もあり、対応が要求される。
【0005】
一方、乾式の場合(たとえば、実質的に原料の含水率が70〜80%、あるいはそれ以下の状態で発酵工程に供する場合)、原材料投入時の密閉度の保持、発酵材料の攪拌コスト等の問題を有している。すなわち、メタン発酵においては、発酵槽内における空気に対するメタンガスの割合を高めてメタンを取り出す必要があり、そのためには発酵槽内のメタンガスに関する密閉度を高い値に保持する必要があるが、原料が乾式になるほど空気が混入しやすく、空気を効率よく追い出すことが難しくなるので、上記密閉度を高めるためには相当の高圧が要求されたり、特殊な装置が要求されたりして、大型のプラントの構築が困難になることが多い。また、乾いた原料は、攪拌しずらく、たとえ攪拌するにしても多大な攪拌エネルギーが必要となることから、単に乾いた原料を発酵槽内で攪拌を伴いつつ発酵させるだけのシステムでは、攪拌のために消費される電力費の、メタン発生・供給に必要な全費用に占める割合が高くなりすぎ、商業的にプラント構築ができなくなるおそれがある。
【0006】
そこで本発明の課題は、このような実情に鑑み、バイオマスからのメタン発生・供給に必要な各工程を極力統合してシステム全体を極力簡略化して簡素な設備にし、乾式システムを少なくとも部分的に採り入れて純湿式システムの場合の排水処理の問題を軽減し、効率よく安価に大量のメタンを連続的に供給可能なバイオマスメタン発酵装置を提供することにある。
【0007】
【課題を解決するための手段】
上記課題を解決するために、本発明に係るバイオマスメタン発酵装置は、少なくともバイオマスを原料とし、メタン細菌含有物質を混入して嫌気性条件下でメタン発酵させる装置であって、投入された前記原料に前記メタン細菌含有物質を多段階にて順次湿潤させるとともに空気に対するメタンガスの割合の高さを表す密閉度を順次高める多段階混入装置と、該多段階混入装置からのメタン細菌含有物質湿潤バイオマスを発酵させる発酵装置とを有することを特徴とするものからなる。この装置は、いわゆる乾式システムを基調とするもので、バイオマス原料にメタン細菌含有物質を混入する工程とそれを密閉する工程とを統合したしたものに相当するので、以下本明細書では、混入・密閉統合方式に係る第1のバイオマスメタン発酵装置と言うこともある。
【0008】
この第1のバイオマスメタン発酵装置においては、上記多段階混入装置を、たとえば、前記原料を収容した多数の原料容器が実質的に密閉された槽内で前記メタン細菌含有物質に対して浸漬、浸漬解除を繰り返し行うように順次移動される装置から構成することができる。
【0009】
また、上記発酵装置としては、たとえば、回転される円筒形発酵槽と、その内面に螺旋状に延設され、発酵槽の回転に伴って内部に投入された湿潤バイオマスを順次前進させることが可能なスクリュー溝形成部材とを備えたものから構成することができる。スクリュー溝形成部材としては、溝断面積を可変可能な部材からなることが好ましい。このように構成すれば、発酵時の攪拌工程を発酵原料搬送工程と統合させることが可能になる。また、発酵槽の回転速度やスクリュー溝形成部材の調整による溝断面積の調整により、発酵槽内における発酵原料の搬送速度を、発酵速度に応じて適切に調整することが可能になる。
【0010】
また、本発明に係るバイオマスメタン発酵装置は、少なくともバイオマスを原料とし、メタン細菌含有物質を混入して嫌気性条件下でメタン発酵させる装置であって、投入された前記原料に前記メタン細菌含有物質を湿潤させるとともに湿潤原料を実質的に密閉されたガス室に導入して発酵ガスを取り出し可能に構成した原料湿潤・ガス取出しユニットを、湿潤原料を次のユニットに順送り可能に、多段に連設したことを特徴とするものからなる。この装置は、いわゆる乾式と湿式を混在させたシステムを基調とするもので、バイオマス原料にメタン細菌含有物質を混入する工程とそれを密閉する工程と発酵工程とを、一連の原料湿潤・ガス取出しユニット連設設備中で行えるよう統合したものに相当するので、以下本明細書では、乾湿混合連続発酵方式に係る第2のバイオマスメタン発酵装置と言うこともある。つまり、この第2のバイオマスメタン発酵装置では、上記一連の工程を多段階で行い、かつ、発酵のための嫌気性環境を上記一連の原料湿潤・ガス取出しユニット連設設備中で自動的に生成しているのである。
【0011】
この第2のバイオマスメタン発酵装置においては、上記原料湿潤・ガス取出しユニットが、少なくとも、初期投入原料の発酵が実質的に終了するのに必要な期間に相当する個数連設されていることが好ましい。このようにすれば、一連の原料湿潤・ガス取出しユニット連設設備に投入された発酵原料が、該設備中を進行されるに伴って、徐々に発酵が進み、やがて発酵が終了するが、丁度発酵が終了する時点で設備から系外に搬出されるように構成することができる。つまり、この一連の原料湿潤・ガス取出しユニット連設設備中で、発酵原料の投入から所定の発酵完了までの一連の工程を全て完了させることが可能になる。
【0012】
このような一連の原料湿潤・ガス取出しユニット連設設備中では、上記のように徐々に発酵が進み、やがて発酵が終了するが、その一連の過程で生成されたメタンガスの圧力も徐々に高まり、やがて大気圧と同等の圧力まで下がる。すなわち、一連の設備の略中央で最も高圧となり、設備の入口側および出口側では大気圧と同等の圧力となる圧力分布を呈する。そのため、圧力調整が極めて容易になり、特別な圧力調整を行わなくても、一連の原料湿潤・ガス取出しユニット連設設備中において所望の圧力分布を持たせることも可能になる。この圧力分布をモニターするために、あるいは適宜圧力調整を加えるために、連設された各原料湿潤・ガス取出しユニットに、ユニット間を順送りされる湿潤原料から発酵されたメタンガスの圧力を検知可能な圧力センサが設けられていることが好ましい。そして、ユニット間の圧力差から各ユニットの最適圧力を算出し、それに基づいて各ユニットから生成ガスを抽出する手段を設けておくと、各ユニットにおいてガス圧が高くなりすぎないよう、適宜生成ガスを抽出することが可能になり、装置全体を安定して運転することが可能になる。
【0013】
上記のような第1および第2のバイオマスメタン発酵装置においては、原料バイオマスとしては、たとえば細片化されたバイオマス(たとえば、細片化された木質バイオマスや、イネや竹を原料としたバイオマス)を使用することができる。また、上記原料に、前処理として、メタン発酵の際に障害となるリグニンを分離し効率のよい発酵を行わせるために、茸栽培廃床の細片が混入されていることが好ましい。
【0014】
上記メタン細菌含有物質としては、たとえば家畜糞尿を直接使用可能である。もっとも、家畜糞尿だけではメタン細菌含有物質として不十分で発酵効率が低い場合には、別にメタン細菌を添加すればよい。家畜糞尿は、投入前に攪拌することが好ましい。
【0015】
【発明の実施の形態】
以下に、本発明の望ましい実施の形態を、図面を参照して説明する。
図1は、本発明の第1実施態様に係るバイオマスメタン発酵装置を示している。この装置は、前述の混入・密閉統合方式に係る第1のバイオマスメタン発酵装置に対応している。図1において、1は、バイオマスメタン発酵装置全体を示しており、該バイオマスメタン発酵装置1は、多段階混入装置2と発酵装置3とを備えている。
【0016】
多段階混入装置2には、たとえば細片化されたバイオマス(たとえば、竹やイネを原料としたバイオマス、中でも孟宗竹を原料としたバイオマス)に、前処理にて茸栽培廃床の細片が混入されたバイオマス原料4が投入される。この投入原料4は、含水率が70〜80%、あるいはそれ以下の状態にある、いわゆる乾式原料である。多段階混入装置2には、図2にも示すように、投入されたバイオマス原料4を収容する多数の原料容器5(たとえば、大きなポット状の容器)が設けられており、入口、出口以外実質的に密閉された槽6(糞尿槽)内で、原料容器5が、槽6の入口側から出口側に向けて上下方向に蛇行を繰り返しながら順次搬送される。この蛇行は、数回程度繰り返せばよい。槽6内には、本実施態様では、メタン細菌含有物質としての家畜糞尿7が糞尿攪拌装置8で攪拌された後、槽6内でのレベルが所定高さになるように投入されている。上記順次搬送される原料容器5は、実質的に密閉された槽6内で、家畜糞尿7に対して浸漬、浸漬解除を繰り返し行うよう移動される。そして、多段階に浸漬、浸漬解除を繰り返して糞尿槽6内を通過することにより、空気に対するメタンガスの割合の高さを表す密閉度が高められ、次工程である発酵工程に導かれる。
【0017】
発酵工程には発酵装置3が設けられており、本実施態様では、発酵装置3は、図3にも示すように、回転される円筒形発酵槽9と、その内面に螺旋状に延設され、発酵槽9の回転に伴って内部に投入された湿潤バイオマスを順次前進させることが可能なスクリュー溝形成部材10とを備えたものからなる。このスクリュー溝形成部材10は、図3に示すように溝11の断面積を可変制御可能な部材からなっている。円筒形発酵槽9全体を回転させることにより、螺旋状に延びるスクリュー溝形成部材10によって形成された溝11による機能を利用して、槽内の湿潤バイオマスが攪拌されながら徐々に前方に搬送され、その間に発酵が行われる。上記スクリュー溝形成部材10の角度(図3の矢印方向の角度)は外部から任意に変更可能となっており、この角度の調整と発酵槽9の回転速度の調整により、搬送・攪拌時間および量を制御できるようになっている。したがって、投入されたバイオマス原料の材質や粉砕の程度等に応じて多様な対応が可能となっている。なお、スクリュー溝形成部材10は複数条並設してもよい。
【0018】
このように構成されたバイオマスメタン発酵装置1においては、実質的に糞尿とバイオマス原料との混合プロセスを、密閉過程と統合した形態に構成でき、乾式システムを基調としつつ、設備全体を簡素化できるとともに、発酵直前までの工程を効率化できる。また、発酵工程においても、スクリュー溝付き回転円筒形発酵槽9を使用することにより、発酵時の攪拌工程を発酵原料搬送工程と統合することができ、簡素な構造でありながら効率のよい発酵を行うことが可能になる。この発酵における発酵原料は、前工程で十分に湿潤されたものとなっているから、初期投入原料は乾式でありながら、発酵時には適切な(つまり、多量の排水処理を伴うことのない)湿式原料とすることができ、少ない消費エネルギーでもって効率のよい発酵を行わせることができる。
【0019】
図4は、本発明の第2実施態様に係るバイオマスメタン発酵装置を示している。この装置は、前述の乾湿混合連続発酵方式に係る第2のバイオマスメタン発酵装置に対応している。図4において、21は、バイオマスメタン発酵装置全体を示しており、該バイオマスメタン発酵装置21には、原料湿潤・ガス取出しユニット22が多段に連設されている。
【0020】
各原料湿潤・ガス取出しユニット22は、投入されたバイオマス原料23(たとえば、前述の如き前処理が施されたバイオマス原料)を多数連設され順次移動される原料容器24に収容し、糞尿槽25に所定レベルになるように糞尿攪拌装置26から投入された家畜糞尿27に対して、浸漬、浸漬解除を繰り返して、バイオマス原料23をメタン細菌含有物質としての糞尿27で湿潤させるようになっている。この槽25中に形成される各原料湿潤・ガス取出しユニット22においては、湿潤原料は実質的に密閉されたガス室28に導入され、そこで発酵ガスが適宜取り出される。湿潤原料は次のユニットに順送りされ、ガス取り出し操作が順次繰り返され、集められたメタンガスが集合されて取り出される。つまり、初期投入バイオマス原料は、いわゆる乾式のものであるが、槽25内の密閉中で糞尿で湿潤されて徐々に発酵が進められ、槽25内で発酵が完了するまで槽25中を順次搬送される。したがって、この糞尿槽25は発酵槽の機能も備えており、糞尿通過工程を多段階で行うことにより、槽25内では発酵に必要な嫌気性環境が自動的に生成されることになる。つまり、発酵原料投入から発酵完了までの工程が、乾式、湿式の両方式に適合した条件下にて、大がかりで大エネルギーを要する攪拌を行うことなく、一つの装置内で行うことが可能となる。
【0021】
そして、乾状態から湿状態、さらには発酵完了までの状態変化が実質的に連続して行われるので、原料投入から発酵完了に至るまでの期間に相当する、原料湿潤・ガス取出しユニット22の個数、および順送り速度に設定することにより、連続的に順次原料を投入すれば、連続的に順次発酵を完了した残渣が排出されてくることになり、その間に、連続的にメタンを抽出することが可能になる。したがって、大量の原料から連続的に大量のメタンを生成することが可能になる。メタン発酵完了後の残差は、たとえば堆肥発酵工程に供することができる。
【0022】
この図4に示したバイオマスメタン発酵装置21においては、たとえば、原料投入から発酵完了まで約40日間を要するので、たとえば一つの原料湿潤・ガス取出しユニット22における湿潤、湿潤解除、発酵工程に要する時間が1日になるように原料容器24の搬送速度を設定しておけば、原料湿潤・ガス取出しユニット22を約40ユニット連設すればよいことになる。
【0023】
そして、この発酵においては、通常、期間の中央期で最も発酵が進み、発酵ガスによる圧力も最も高まることから、図4に示すように、原料投入から約20日に相当する間のユニットは発酵が進行する過程における連設ユニットであり、そこから最終ユニットまでの約20日に相当する間のユニットは発酵が徐々に納まりやがて発酵が完了する過程における連設ユニットである。
【0024】
このような一連の過程で、生成したメタンを効率よく抽出するためには、各原料湿潤・ガス取出しユニット22のガス室28に圧力センサ29を設けておき、検知されたガス圧をモニターしたりガス抽出制御に利用したりすることが好ましい。たとえば、各圧力センサ29によって検知された圧力からユニット間の圧力差を求め、それから各ユニットの最適圧力を算出し、それに基づいて各ユニットから生成ガスの抽出量を制御して、各ユニットにおけるガス圧が高くなりすぎないようにすることが好ましい。このような制御をおこなえば、各ユニットから生成ガスを適宜抽出して、装置全体として最も効率のよい、しかも安定した運転が可能になる。
【0025】
【発明の効果】
以上説明したように、本発明に係るバイオマスメタン発酵装置によれば、バイオマスからのメタン発生・供給に必要な各工程を統合してシステム全体を簡略化できるとともに装置全体を簡素化でき、装置内において乾式システムと湿式システムを最適に組み合わせて、従来の純湿式システムの場合の排水処理の問題を大幅に軽減することができ、しかも、大量の原料から大量のメタンを効率よく安価に、かつ、連続的に生成することができる。したがって、本発明に係るバイオマスメタン発酵装置を使用することにより、多数の顧客に安定してメタンを供給することが可能になる。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】本発明の第1実施態様に係るバイオマスメタン発酵装置の概略構成図である。
【図2】図1の装置における原料投入部の概略斜視図である。
【図3】図1の装置における発酵装置の概略斜視図および部分拡大断面図である。
【図4】本発明の第2実施態様に係るバイオマスメタン発酵装置の概略構成図である。
【符号の説明】
1 バイオマスメタン発酵装置
2 多段階混入装置
3 発酵装置
4 バイオマス原料
5 原料容器
6 糞尿槽
7 家畜糞尿
8 糞尿攪拌装置
9 円筒形発酵槽
10 スクリュー溝形成部材
11 溝
21 バイオマスメタン発酵装置
22 原料湿潤・ガス取出しユニット
23 バイオマス原料
24 原料容器
25 糞尿槽
26 糞尿攪拌装置
27 家畜糞尿
28 ガス室
29 圧力センサ
[0001]
TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a biomass methane fermentation apparatus, and more particularly to a biomass methane fermentation apparatus capable of continuously and efficiently fermenting a large amount of methane under anaerobic conditions by mixing biomass as a raw material with a methane bacterium-containing substance.
[0002]
[Prior art]
A technique is known in which at least biomass is used as a raw material, a methane bacteria-containing substance is mixed, and methane fermentation is performed under anaerobic conditions. For example, the present inventor previously mixed wood biomass that had been fragmented with wood biomass, mixed with strips of a mushroom cultivation waste floor, added a methane bacterium-containing substance, and mixed at least containing methane by fermentation under anaerobic conditions. Gas production methods using biomass that can generate gas have been proposed (Patent Documents 1 and 2). By this method, biogas containing methane as a main component can be generated with high efficiency, and a system and plant for supplying biogas produced by this method to each consumer in the current propane gas supply area and the like are constructed. It became possible to do.
[0003]
[Patent Document 1]
Japanese Patent Application No. 2002-337033 (Claims)
[Patent Document 2]
Japanese Patent Application No. 2003-106564 (Claims)
[0004]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
Conventionally, since anaerobic conditions are required for methane fermentation, the methane fermentation system as described above has been mainly of a wet type, that is, a system for fermenting methane from a wet raw material. However, in the wet method, in order to maintain the fluidity of the fermentation raw material, a water content of 90% or more is required, and a large cost is required for water treatment (drainage treatment) after fermentation. For this reason, there is a problem that the cost such as solid component separation and wastewater sterilization is extremely large in the total cost required for maintaining the plant. In addition, even if sufficient water treatment is performed, there are cases where discharge of drainage to rivers is not permitted in some areas, and measures must be taken.
[0005]
On the other hand, in the case of the dry method (for example, when the raw material is subjected to the fermentation process in a state where the water content of the raw material is substantially 70 to 80% or less), the hermeticity of the raw material is maintained, the stirring cost of the fermented material, and the like. Have a problem. In other words, in methane fermentation, it is necessary to increase the ratio of methane gas to air in the fermenter to extract methane, and for this purpose, it is necessary to maintain a high degree of sealing with respect to methane gas in the fermenter, As the dry process becomes easier, air is more likely to be mixed in, and it is difficult to drive out the air efficiently.Therefore, in order to increase the degree of sealing, a considerably high pressure is required or special equipment is required, so that a large plant is required. Construction is often difficult. In addition, since a dry raw material is difficult to stir, even if it is stirred, a large amount of stirring energy is required. The ratio of the electricity cost consumed for the production to the total cost required for methane generation and supply becomes too high, and there is a possibility that a commercial plant cannot be constructed.
[0006]
In view of such circumstances, it is an object of the present invention to integrate the processes required for methane generation and supply from biomass as much as possible to simplify the entire system as much as possible and to provide a simple facility. An object of the present invention is to provide a biomass methane fermentation apparatus capable of reducing the problem of wastewater treatment in the case of a pure wet system by adopting the same and efficiently supplying a large amount of methane continuously at low cost.
[0007]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In order to solve the above problems, a biomass methane fermentation apparatus according to the present invention is an apparatus that performs methane fermentation under anaerobic conditions by mixing at least biomass as a raw material and a methane bacterium-containing substance, and the charged raw material A multi-stage mixing device that sequentially wets the methane bacteria-containing material in multiple stages and sequentially increases the degree of sealing indicating the high ratio of methane gas to air, and a methane bacteria-containing material wet biomass from the multi-stage mixing device. And a fermentation device for fermentation. This device is based on a so-called dry system, and corresponds to an integrated process of mixing a methane bacterium-containing substance into a biomass material and sealing the same. It may be referred to as the first biomass methane fermentation apparatus according to the closed integrated system.
[0008]
In the first biomass methane fermentation apparatus, the multi-stage mixing apparatus is immersed and immersed in the methane bacterium-containing substance, for example, in a tank in which a large number of raw material containers containing the raw materials are substantially closed. It can be constituted by a device which is sequentially moved so as to repeat the release.
[0009]
Further, as the fermentation apparatus, for example, a cylindrical fermenter to be rotated and a helically extending inner surface of the fermenter, and the wet biomass introduced into the inside with the rotation of the fermenter can be sequentially advanced. And a screw groove forming member. The screw groove forming member is preferably made of a member having a variable groove cross-sectional area. With this configuration, the stirring step during fermentation can be integrated with the fermentation raw material transport step. Further, by adjusting the rotation speed of the fermenter and the groove cross-sectional area by adjusting the screw groove forming member, it becomes possible to appropriately adjust the transport speed of the fermentation raw material in the fermenter according to the fermentation speed.
[0010]
Further, the biomass methane fermentation apparatus according to the present invention is an apparatus for performing methane fermentation under anaerobic conditions by mixing at least biomass as a raw material and mixing a methane bacterium-containing substance, wherein the methane bacterium-containing substance is added to the input raw material. The raw material wetting / gas take-out unit is constructed in such a way that the fermentation gas can be taken out by introducing the wet raw material into a substantially sealed gas chamber and the wet raw material can be sent to the next unit in multiple stages. It consists of what was done. This system is based on a system in which so-called dry and wet systems are mixed.The process of mixing methane bacteria-containing substances into the biomass raw material, sealing it, and fermenting it is a series of raw material wet gas extraction. In the present specification, hereinafter, the second biomass methane fermentation apparatus may be referred to as a second biomass methane fermentation apparatus according to a dry / wet mixed continuous fermentation method, since the apparatus is integrated so as to be able to be performed in a unit connected facility. In other words, in the second biomass methane fermentation apparatus, the above series of steps are performed in multiple stages, and an anaerobic environment for fermentation is automatically generated in the above series of facilities for connecting the raw material and gas removal unit. It is doing.
[0011]
In the second biomass methane fermentation apparatus, it is preferable that the raw material wetting / gas taking-out unit is provided in a number corresponding to at least a period required for the fermentation of the initial input raw material to be substantially completed. . In this way, as the fermented raw material input to the series of raw material wet / gas take-out unit connected equipment is advanced through the equipment, the fermentation proceeds gradually, and the fermentation is eventually completed. At the time when the fermentation is completed, it can be configured to be carried out of the system out of the system. In other words, it is possible to complete all the series of steps from the input of the fermentation raw material to the completion of the predetermined fermentation in the series of equipment for connecting the raw material wetting / gas removing unit.
[0012]
In such a series of raw material wet gas removal unit connected facilities, fermentation gradually proceeds as described above, and eventually fermentation ends, but the pressure of methane gas generated in the series of processes gradually increases, Eventually, it drops to a pressure equivalent to atmospheric pressure. That is, the pressure distribution becomes the highest at the approximate center of the series of equipment, and the pressure distribution at the inlet and outlet sides of the equipment is equal to the atmospheric pressure. Therefore, pressure adjustment becomes extremely easy, and a desired pressure distribution can be provided in a series of raw material / gas take-out unit connected facilities without special pressure adjustment. In order to monitor this pressure distribution or to appropriately adjust the pressure, each of the connected raw material wet / gas extraction units can detect the pressure of the methane gas fermented from the wet raw material that is sequentially fed between the units. Preferably, a pressure sensor is provided. Calculating the optimum pressure of each unit from the pressure difference between the units, and providing means for extracting the generated gas from each unit based on the calculated pressure, appropriately generates the generated gas so that the gas pressure in each unit does not become too high. Can be extracted, and the entire apparatus can be operated stably.
[0013]
In the first and second biomass methane fermentation apparatuses as described above, the raw material biomass is, for example, a fragmented biomass (for example, a fragmented woody biomass or a biomass obtained from rice or bamboo). Can be used. In addition, it is preferable that strips of mushroom cultivation waste floor are mixed into the raw material in order to separate lignin which is an obstacle during methane fermentation and perform efficient fermentation as pretreatment.
[0014]
As the methane bacterium-containing substance, for example, livestock manure can be directly used. However, when livestock manure alone is insufficient as a methane bacterium-containing substance and fermentation efficiency is low, methane bacterium may be added separately. It is preferable that livestock manure is stirred before being introduced.
[0015]
BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
Hereinafter, preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.
FIG. 1 shows a biomass methane fermentation apparatus according to a first embodiment of the present invention. This apparatus corresponds to the first biomass methane fermentation apparatus according to the above-described mixed / closed integrated system. In FIG. 1, reference numeral 1 denotes the entire biomass methane fermentation apparatus, and the biomass methane fermentation apparatus 1 includes a multi-stage mixing device 2 and a fermentation device 3.
[0016]
In the multi-stage mixing device 2, for example, strips of mushroom cultivation waste floor are mixed into biomass (for example, biomass using bamboo or rice as a raw material, especially biomass using Moso bamboo) as a raw material. The obtained biomass raw material 4 is supplied. The input raw material 4 is a so-called dry raw material having a water content of 70 to 80% or less. As shown in FIG. 2, the multi-stage mixing device 2 is provided with a large number of raw material containers 5 (for example, large pot-shaped containers) for accommodating the charged biomass raw material 4, and substantially includes inlets and outlets. The raw material containers 5 are sequentially conveyed in a vertically sealed tank 6 (feces tank) while repeating meandering in the vertical direction from the inlet side to the outlet side of the tank 6. This meandering may be repeated about several times. In the present embodiment, livestock manure 7 as a methane bacterium-containing substance is charged into the tank 6 such that the level in the tank 6 becomes a predetermined height after being stirred by the manure stirring device 8. The sequentially conveyed raw material containers 5 are moved so as to repeatedly immerse and release immersion in livestock manure 7 in a substantially closed tank 6. Then, by repeatedly immersing and releasing the immersion in multiple stages and passing through the manure tank 6, the degree of sealing indicating the high ratio of the methane gas to the air is increased, leading to the next fermentation step.
[0017]
In the present embodiment, the fermentation apparatus 3 is provided in the fermentation step. In the present embodiment, the fermentation apparatus 3 is, as shown also in FIG. And a screw groove forming member 10 capable of sequentially advancing the wet biomass charged therein with the rotation of the fermenter 9. The screw groove forming member 10 is a member capable of variably controlling the cross-sectional area of the groove 11 as shown in FIG. By rotating the entire cylindrical fermenter 9, the wet biomass in the tank is gradually conveyed forward while being stirred, utilizing the function of the groove 11 formed by the spirally extending screw groove forming member 10, Meanwhile, fermentation takes place. The angle of the screw groove forming member 10 (the angle in the direction of the arrow in FIG. 3) can be arbitrarily changed from the outside. By adjusting this angle and the rotation speed of the fermenter 9, the transport / stirring time and amount can be changed. Can be controlled. Therefore, various measures are possible according to the material of the input biomass raw material, the degree of pulverization, and the like. Note that a plurality of screw groove forming members 10 may be provided in parallel.
[0018]
In the biomass methane fermentation apparatus 1 configured as described above, the mixing process of the manure and the biomass raw material can be substantially integrated with the closed process, and the entire facility can be simplified while the dry system is used. At the same time, the process up to just before fermentation can be made more efficient. Also, in the fermentation process, by using the rotary cylindrical fermenter 9 with a screw groove, the stirring process during fermentation can be integrated with the fermentation raw material transporting process, and efficient fermentation can be achieved with a simple structure. It is possible to do. The fermentation raw material in this fermentation is sufficiently wet in the previous process, so that the initial input raw material is dry, but the appropriate wet raw material (that is, without a large amount of wastewater treatment) is used during fermentation. And efficient fermentation can be performed with low energy consumption.
[0019]
FIG. 4 shows a biomass methane fermentation apparatus according to a second embodiment of the present invention. This device corresponds to the second biomass methane fermentation device according to the above-mentioned dry-wet mixed continuous fermentation method. In FIG. 4, reference numeral 21 denotes the entire biomass methane fermentation apparatus. The biomass methane fermentation apparatus 21 is provided with a raw material wet / gas extraction unit 22 connected in multiple stages.
[0020]
Each raw material wet / gas take-out unit 22 stores a large number of input biomass raw materials 23 (for example, biomass raw materials subjected to the above-described pretreatment) in a raw material container 24 which is connected and moved sequentially, and a manure tank 25 is provided. The biomass raw material 23 is moistened with the manure 27 as the methane bacteria-containing substance by repeating immersion and release of the livestock manure 27 introduced from the manure stirring device 26 so as to reach a predetermined level. . In each raw material wet / gas removal unit 22 formed in the tank 25, the wet raw material is introduced into a substantially sealed gas chamber 28, where fermentation gas is appropriately removed. The wet raw material is sequentially sent to the next unit, and the gas removing operation is sequentially repeated, so that the collected methane gas is collected and taken out. In other words, the initial input biomass raw material is a so-called dry type, but is gradually wetted with manure in a hermetically sealed tank 25 and fermentation is gradually advanced, and is sequentially transported in the tank 25 until fermentation is completed in the tank 25. Is done. Therefore, the manure tank 25 also has a function of a fermentation tank, and an anaerobic environment required for fermentation is automatically generated in the tank 25 by performing the manure passage step in multiple stages. In other words, the process from the fermentation raw material input to the completion of fermentation can be performed in one apparatus without performing large-scale and large-energy stirring under conditions suitable for both the dry type and the wet type. .
[0021]
Then, since the state change from the dry state to the wet state and further to the completion of the fermentation are performed substantially continuously, the number of the raw material wet / gas removal units 22 corresponding to the period from the input of the raw material to the completion of the fermentation is obtained. , And by setting the progressive feed rate, if the raw materials are continuously and successively charged, the residue after the completion of the fermentation will be continuously discharged, and during that time, the methane can be continuously extracted. Will be possible. Therefore, it is possible to continuously produce a large amount of methane from a large amount of raw material. The residual after the completion of the methane fermentation can be subjected to, for example, a compost fermentation step.
[0022]
In the biomass methane fermentation apparatus 21 shown in FIG. 4, for example, it takes about 40 days from the input of the raw material to the completion of the fermentation. If the transport speed of the raw material container 24 is set so that the time is equal to one day, about 40 units of the raw material wet / gas take-out unit 22 may be connected in series.
[0023]
In this fermentation, usually, the fermentation progresses most in the middle period of the period and the pressure by the fermentation gas is also highest. Therefore, as shown in FIG. Is a continuous unit in the process of progressing, and the unit corresponding to about 20 days from there to the final unit is a continuous unit in the process of gradually completing the fermentation and eventually completing the fermentation.
[0024]
In order to efficiently extract the generated methane in such a series of processes, a pressure sensor 29 is provided in the gas chamber 28 of each raw material wet / gas take-out unit 22, and the detected gas pressure is monitored. It is preferable to use it for gas extraction control. For example, the pressure difference between units is obtained from the pressure detected by each pressure sensor 29, the optimum pressure of each unit is calculated from the pressure difference, and the amount of product gas extracted from each unit is controlled based on the pressure difference. It is preferred that the pressure is not too high. By performing such control, the generated gas is appropriately extracted from each unit, and the most efficient and stable operation of the entire apparatus can be performed.
[0025]
【The invention's effect】
As described above, according to the biomass methane fermentation apparatus according to the present invention, the entire system can be simplified by integrating the steps required for generating and supplying methane from biomass, and the entire apparatus can be simplified. By optimally combining the dry system and the wet system, the problem of wastewater treatment in the case of the conventional pure wet system can be greatly reduced, and a large amount of methane can be efficiently and inexpensively produced from a large amount of raw materials, and It can be generated continuously. Therefore, by using the biomass methane fermentation apparatus according to the present invention, it is possible to supply methane stably to many customers.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a schematic configuration diagram of a biomass methane fermentation apparatus according to a first embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic perspective view of a raw material charging section in the apparatus of FIG.
FIG. 3 is a schematic perspective view and a partially enlarged sectional view of a fermentation apparatus in the apparatus of FIG.
FIG. 4 is a schematic configuration diagram of a biomass methane fermentation apparatus according to a second embodiment of the present invention.
[Explanation of symbols]
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Biomass methane fermentation apparatus 2 Multi-stage mixing apparatus 3 Fermentation apparatus 4 Biomass raw material 5 Raw material container 6 Manure tank 7 Livestock manure 8 Manure stirring apparatus 9 Cylindrical fermenter 10 Screw groove forming member 11 Groove 21 Biomass methane fermentation apparatus 22 Raw material wet Gas extraction unit 23 Biomass raw material 24 Raw material container 25 Manure tank 26 Manure stirring device 27 Livestock manure 28 Gas chamber 29 Pressure sensor

Claims (12)

少なくともバイオマスを原料とし、メタン細菌含有物質を混入して嫌気性条件下でメタン発酵させる装置であって、投入された前記原料に前記メタン細菌含有物質を多段階にて順次湿潤させるとともに空気に対するメタンガスの割合の高さを表す密閉度を順次高める多段階混入装置と、該多段階混入装置からのメタン細菌含有物質湿潤バイオマスを発酵させる発酵装置とを有することを特徴とするバイオマスメタン発酵装置。An apparatus for performing methane fermentation under anaerobic conditions by mixing at least biomass as a raw material and mixing a methane bacterium-containing substance, wherein the methane bacterium-containing substance is sequentially wetted in multiple stages in the input raw material and methane gas with respect to air. A biomass methane fermentation device comprising: a multi-stage mixing device for sequentially increasing the degree of sealing indicating the ratio of the ratio; and a fermentation device for fermenting methane bacteria-containing substance wet biomass from the multi-stage mixing device. 前記多段階混入装置が、前記原料を収容した多数の原料容器が実質的に密閉された槽内で前記メタン細菌含有物質に対して浸漬、浸漬解除を繰り返し行うように順次移動される装置からなる、請求項1のバイオマスメタン発酵装置。The multi-stage mixing device is a device in which a large number of raw material containers containing the raw materials are sequentially moved so as to repeatedly immerse and release immersion in the methane bacteria-containing substance in a substantially sealed tank. The biomass methane fermentation apparatus according to claim 1. 前記発酵装置が、回転される円筒形発酵槽と、その内面に螺旋状に延設され、発酵槽の回転に伴って内部に投入された湿潤バイオマスを順次前進させることが可能なスクリュー溝形成部材とを備えたものからなる、請求項1または2のバイオマスメタン発酵装置。The fermentation apparatus, a cylindrical fermenter to be rotated, and a screw groove forming member that is spirally extended on the inner surface thereof and is capable of sequentially advancing the wet biomass charged therein with the rotation of the fermenter. The biomass methane fermentation apparatus according to claim 1 or 2, comprising: 前記スクリュー溝形成部材が、溝断面積を可変可能な部材からなる、請求項3のバイオマスメタン発酵装置。The biomass methane fermentation apparatus according to claim 3, wherein the screw groove forming member is a member having a variable groove cross-sectional area. 少なくともバイオマスを原料とし、メタン細菌含有物質を混入して嫌気性条件下でメタン発酵させる装置であって、投入された前記原料に前記メタン細菌含有物質を湿潤させるとともに湿潤原料を実質的に密閉されたガス室に導入して発酵ガスを取り出し可能に構成した原料湿潤・ガス取出しユニットを、湿潤原料を次のユニットに順送り可能に、多段に連設したことを特徴とするバイオマスメタン発酵装置。At least biomass as a raw material, an apparatus for methane fermentation under anaerobic conditions by mixing a methane bacterium-containing substance, wherein the methane bacterium-containing substance is wetted with the input raw material and the wet raw material is substantially sealed. A biomass methane fermentation apparatus comprising: a raw material wetting / gas take-out unit configured to be capable of being taken out of a fermentation gas by being introduced into a gas chamber that has been installed in a multistage manner so that a wet raw material can be sequentially fed to the next unit. 前記原料湿潤・ガス取出しユニットが、少なくとも、初期投入原料の発酵が実質的に終了するのに必要な期間に相当する個数連設されている、請求項5のバイオマスメタン発酵装置。The biomass methane fermentation apparatus according to claim 5, wherein the number of the raw material wetting / gas removing units is at least as long as a period required for substantially completing the fermentation of the initial input raw material. 連設された各原料湿潤・ガス取出しユニットに、ユニット間を順送りされる湿潤原料から発酵されたメタンガスの圧力を検知可能な圧力センサが設けられている、請求項5または6のバイオマスメタン発酵装置。The biomass methane fermentation apparatus according to claim 5 or 6, wherein a pressure sensor capable of detecting a pressure of methane gas fermented from the wet raw material sequentially fed between the units is provided in each of the raw material wet / gas extraction units connected in series. . 前記ユニット間の圧力差から各ユニットの最適圧力を算出し、それの基づいて各ユニットから生成ガスを抽出する手段が設けられている、請求項7のバイオマスメタン発酵装置。The biomass methane fermentation apparatus according to claim 7, further comprising means for calculating an optimum pressure of each unit from a pressure difference between the units, and extracting a product gas from each unit based on the optimum pressure. 前記バイオマスが細片化されたバイオマスからなる、請求項1〜8のいずれかに記載のバイオマスメタン発酵装置。The biomass methane fermentation apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the biomass is made of fragmented biomass. 前記原料に、前処理として、茸栽培廃床の細片が混入されている、請求項1〜9のいずれかに記載のバイオマスメタン発酵装置。The biomass methane fermentation apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein strips of mushroom cultivation waste floor are mixed in the raw material as pretreatment. 前記メタン細菌含有物質が少なくとも家畜糞尿を含む、請求項1〜10のいずれかに記載のバイオマスメタン発酵装置。The biomass methane fermentation device according to any one of claims 1 to 10, wherein the methane bacterium-containing substance includes at least livestock manure. 前記家畜糞尿を投入前に攪拌する装置を備えている、請求項11のバイオマスメタン発酵装置。The biomass methane fermentation device according to claim 11, further comprising a device that stirs the livestock manure before putting it in.
JP2003127083A 2003-05-02 2003-05-02 Apparatus for biomass methane fermentation Pending JP2004329068A (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP2003127083A JP2004329068A (en) 2003-05-02 2003-05-02 Apparatus for biomass methane fermentation

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP2003127083A JP2004329068A (en) 2003-05-02 2003-05-02 Apparatus for biomass methane fermentation

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
JP2004329068A true JP2004329068A (en) 2004-11-25

Family

ID=33503765

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
JP2003127083A Pending JP2004329068A (en) 2003-05-02 2003-05-02 Apparatus for biomass methane fermentation

Country Status (1)

Country Link
JP (1) JP2004329068A (en)

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
US8568591B2 (en) System and method for thermophilic anaerobic digester process
KR101785611B1 (en) Treatment plant for resourcing of organic waste
US9409806B2 (en) System and method for thermophilic anaerobic digester process
US20110318778A1 (en) Organic Substrate Treatment System
US10005995B2 (en) System and method for thermophilic anaerobic digester process
KR20220073015A (en) Anaerobic Digestion System for Circulation and Mixed Crossing Operation with High-Efficiency Pyrolysis Reactor for Treating High-Concentration Organic
FR2994438A1 (en) PROCESS AND DEVICE FOR CONTINUOUS FERMENTATION
JP2002101865A (en) Device for fermenting organic material to prepare feed
EP3393984B1 (en) Facility and method for biologically treating organic waste and effluents
WO2015187096A1 (en) Apparatus and process for anaerobic digestion
JP4907123B2 (en) Organic waste processing method and processing system
FI125284B (en) A process for the production of biogas from biomass by anaerobic digestion and a corresponding reactor
JP4988695B2 (en) Anaerobic treatment apparatus and waste treatment system provided with the same
EP2190791A2 (en) Method for continuous processing of solid organic products and installation for continuous processing of solid organic products
JP2018176119A (en) Methane fermentation method and system of garbage waste
KR101552317B1 (en) Energy use for heating in the aerobic fermentation balhyoyeol large organic waste anaerobic digestion system
US11085058B2 (en) Anaerobic process for producing biogas with a high methane content by means of the biodigestion of organic waste
JP2004329068A (en) Apparatus for biomass methane fermentation
US20230271866A1 (en) Method and device for treating organic waste, including the anaerobic digestion thereof and the composting of the digestates
US20220073847A1 (en) Substrate decomposition for biogas plants in a mixing and combi-hydrolysis tank
ITCE20120007A1 (en) SYNERGIC PLANT OF DIGESTION, DEHYDRATION AND LINEAR COMPOSTING (D.D.C.L.)
WO2022013729A1 (en) Brewing system, bioreactor provided with such a system and implementation method thereof
JP4354504B2 (en) Fermenter for batch type dry methane fermentation and fermentation method
FI129001B (en) Reactor for producing biogas from biomass using anaerobic digestion
JP2023124021A (en) Biomass treatment apparatus and biomass treatment method