JP2004319552A - Flip-chip counter-electrode hemt - Google Patents

Flip-chip counter-electrode hemt Download PDF

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JP2004319552A
JP2004319552A JP2003107259A JP2003107259A JP2004319552A JP 2004319552 A JP2004319552 A JP 2004319552A JP 2003107259 A JP2003107259 A JP 2003107259A JP 2003107259 A JP2003107259 A JP 2003107259A JP 2004319552 A JP2004319552 A JP 2004319552A
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electrode
hemt
substrate
semiconductor
semiconductor device
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JP2004319552A5 (en
JP4492034B2 (en
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Yuji Oomaki
雄治 大巻
Mitsuo Hayamura
光雄 早村
Shinji Tanimoto
真士 谷本
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Nichia Chemical Industries Ltd
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Nichia Chemical Industries Ltd
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01LSEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L2224/00Indexing scheme for arrangements for connecting or disconnecting semiconductor or solid-state bodies and methods related thereto as covered by H01L24/00
    • H01L2224/01Means for bonding being attached to, or being formed on, the surface to be connected, e.g. chip-to-package, die-attach, "first-level" interconnects; Manufacturing methods related thereto
    • H01L2224/42Wire connectors; Manufacturing methods related thereto
    • H01L2224/47Structure, shape, material or disposition of the wire connectors after the connecting process
    • H01L2224/49Structure, shape, material or disposition of the wire connectors after the connecting process of a plurality of wire connectors
    • H01L2224/491Disposition
    • H01L2224/49105Connecting at different heights
    • H01L2224/49107Connecting at different heights on the semiconductor or solid-state body
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01LSEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L2924/00Indexing scheme for arrangements or methods for connecting or disconnecting semiconductor or solid-state bodies as covered by H01L24/00
    • H01L2924/10Details of semiconductor or other solid state devices to be connected
    • H01L2924/11Device type
    • H01L2924/12Passive devices, e.g. 2 terminal devices
    • H01L2924/1203Rectifying Diode
    • H01L2924/12032Schottky diode
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01LSEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L2924/00Indexing scheme for arrangements or methods for connecting or disconnecting semiconductor or solid-state bodies as covered by H01L24/00
    • H01L2924/10Details of semiconductor or other solid state devices to be connected
    • H01L2924/11Device type
    • H01L2924/13Discrete devices, e.g. 3 terminal devices
    • H01L2924/1304Transistor
    • H01L2924/1305Bipolar Junction Transistor [BJT]
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01LSEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L2924/00Indexing scheme for arrangements or methods for connecting or disconnecting semiconductor or solid-state bodies as covered by H01L24/00
    • H01L2924/10Details of semiconductor or other solid state devices to be connected
    • H01L2924/11Device type
    • H01L2924/13Discrete devices, e.g. 3 terminal devices
    • H01L2924/1304Transistor
    • H01L2924/1306Field-effect transistor [FET]
    • H01L2924/13091Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor Field-Effect Transistor [MOSFET]

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  • Cooling Or The Like Of Semiconductors Or Solid State Devices (AREA)
  • Junction Field-Effect Transistors (AREA)

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To make a flip-chip facing-electrode HEMT having excellent heat radiating characteristics applicable to a large quantity of electric energy and, at the same time, to improve the electrical characteristics of the HEMT, by reducing the occurrence of inter-electrode short-circuiting and improving the withstand voltage of the HEMT and, in addition, reducing off-currents/leakage currents, improving the amplification factor (gm), and so on. <P>SOLUTION: In the flip-chip facing-electrode HEMT, a source electrode 41 and a drain electrode 41 covered with protective films 42 are bonded to the surface of a heat-conductive substrate 47 with a bonding agent. In addition, a gate electrode 48 is provided on the rear surface of the substrate 47 opposite to the placing surface of the substrate 47 on which the source and drain electrodes 41 and 41 are placed. At least, part of the rear surface of the substrate 47 on which the gate electrode 48 is placed has a recessed section formed by removing a buffer layer and the gate electrode 48 is placed in the recessed section. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2005,JPO&NCIPI

Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、フェイスダウン構造を持つフリップチップ型高移動度トランジスタに関わり、特に電極が異なる面に形成されたパワーHEMT構造に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
近年のマイクロ波、ミリ波帯を使用する情報通信システムの実用化への要求は、通信回線数の増大とあいまって急速に増大・進展しつつある。このような高周波用通信機器には、電気特性が優れているだけでなく、小型であること、すなわち、より集積度合いの高い半導体装置を作製することが要求されている。そこで従来ボンディングワイヤの接続に必要なパッド部面積を低減させる目的で、図1に示すようなフリップチップ構造をもつ半導体装置が考案されている。このようなフリップチップ構造を持つことにより、半導体基板1とアセンブリ基板2を接続するために必要な面積は新たに発生せず、半導体装置が小型化できる。半導体基板1は、主面にHEMT5、伝送線路用信号線14、バンプ電極4等が形成され、裏面に伝送線路用グラウンドパターンあるいはHEMT用グラウンドパターン3等が形成されている。伝送線路用信号線14は、グラウンドパターン3とペアでマイクロストリップ線路を形成している。さらにはまた、コストダウン等を目的として図2(a)、(b)に示すようなフリップチップ型HEMTが提案されている。図2に示す半導体装置ではHEMT5と線路6aが形成された半導体基板1と、グラウンドパターン6bを持つアセンブリ基板2とから構成され、半導体基板1とアセンブリ基板2とは、微小な突起状電極(バンプ電極)4で接続されたフリップチップ型となっている。図2において、半導体基板1はガリウム砒素等の半絶縁性材料からなり、その上には能動素子であるHEMT5、伝送線路の信号線6a、MIM(Metal Insulator Metal)キャパシタ7、HEMT用バイアス回路16等が形成されており、アセンブリ基板2上の半導体基板対向部グラウンドパターン6bを含めて、機能回路ブロックを形成している。HEMT5中の参照番号15は、HEMTのグラウンドであるソース端子間を接続するブリッジである。このような構造により工程が簡便で、レイアウト自由度の大きなHEMT装置を作製できるとされてきた。
【0003】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
しかし、従来のフリップチップ型HEMTはGaAs系材料からなる半導体装置の集積度を向上させる目的の下に考案されている半導体装置であるため、主としてパワーHEMT系に用いられる大電力用の窒化物系半導体材料(AlxInyGa1−x−yN(0≦x≦1、0≦y≦1、0≦x+y≦1))を含有するHEMTに顕著な課題である、発熱に対する問題は解決されていない。すなわち、大電力パワーHEMTにおいては、大電力に伴う大量の熱が発生するため、HEMT自身の発生した熱によりHEMT素子特性に少なからぬ悪影響を及ぼすことが問題となってきた。特に窒化物系半導体材料の場合には典型的には基板としてサファイアを用いるが、サファイア基板を通じた放熱では、パワーHEMTから発生する熱を十分に放熱させるには不十分であり、蓄積された熱によりHEMTが長時間高温にさらされ、その結果素子破壊などが生じる場合があった。さらには、ソース、ドレイン、ゲートの各電極を同一面に近接して設けているため、同一電極形成面に対してソース・ドレイン電極形成フォトリソグラフィーとゲート電極形成フォトリソグラフィーとのそれぞれ異なる電極形成工程を実施する必要があり、工程が複雑になるだけでなく、相当の精度を要求されるフォトリソ工程のため収率にも悪影響があると共に、フェイスダウンによりさらに電極間のショート等の問題も新たに発生する懸念が生じてくる。一方、各電極間のショートを避けたり耐電圧性能を向上させるためには電極間隔をある程度離す必要もあった。しかし、電極間の距離を大きくすると抵抗が大きくなり、とりわけソース−ゲート電極間隔を大きく離す設計とすることにより、トランジスタの相互コンダクタンス(増幅特性、通称『gm』)が低下し、結局HEMTとしての素子特性が低下する懸念が指摘されるにいたっている。
加えて、窒化物系半導体材料からなるHEMTの場合には、チャネル電流が流れるバルクGaN層への空乏層の広がり方が鈍く、結果として充分なソース−ドレイン間電流の遮断が機能せず、閾値電圧の制御等に問題があった。すなわち、図3に示すようなGaN系材料HEMTでは窒素空孔等による残留キャリア濃度が相当あることが知られており、これによりn型導電性を示すためゲートoff時においても、off電流がバルクGaN層内を流れてしまうと考えられている。本来、ゲートoffバイアス時の電流は完全遮断されることが望ましいことはいうまでもない。このようなoff電流やあるいはリーク電流の原因としては、上記以外にもサファイア基板とバルクGaN層との間に設けられるバッファ層に起因すると考えられるものもあり、すなわち結晶性の悪いバッファ層内をリーク電流が流れる等によるものが推察されており、これらのoff電流やあるいはリーク電流の低減が窒化物系半導体材料を含むHEMTの大きな課題となっていた。
【0004】
本発明は、上記問題点に鑑みなされたものであり、放熱特性が優れ、大電力への適用を可能とすると共に、電極間ショート低減と耐電圧性向上の問題を解消させ、さらにはoff電流/リーク電流の低減や、増幅率(gm)を向上させるなど素子電気特性の向上を実現するとともに、工程の簡便な高集積化が容易な、窒化物系半導体材料(AlxInyGa1−x−yN(0≦x≦1、0≦y≦1、0≦x+y≦1))を含有するパワーHEMTにも適用可能な半導体装置を提供することを目的とする。
【0005】
【特許文献1】
特開2002−110737
【0006】
【課題を解決するための手段】
請求項1に記載の発明は、少なくとも2つ以上の電極を有する半導体装置において、保護膜で覆われ接着剤を介して熱伝導性基板に接着される1つ以上の第一の電極と、該第一の電極とは異なる面側に載置された第二の電極を有する半導体装置である。
この構成により、第一の電極を通して半導体装置本体の熱が有効に熱伝導性基板に放熱され、第二の電極と第一の電極間のショートやリークが精密な半導体電極形成工程を経なくても低減できる。
請求項2に記載の発明は、第二の電極が載置される第一の電極とは異なる面側が、第一の電極が載置される載置面に対する対向面側である半導体装置であります。
この構成により、第一の電極を通して半導体装置本体の熱が有効に熱伝導性基板に放熱され、第二の電極と第一の電極間のショートやリークが精密な半導体電極形成工程を経なくても低減できる。さらには、半導体装置に電力を供給する配線が、対向面側となるので配線ショートや配線ロスを低減させるとともに、集積化が容易になる。さらには、第一の電極が複数ある場合には、電極間の距離を狭くすることが可能となる。
請求項3に記載の発明は、第一の電極がソース電極又は/及びドレイン電極であり、第二の電極がゲート電極である半導体装置であります。
この構成により、ソース電極又は/及びドレイン電極を通して半導体装置本体の熱が有効に熱伝導性基板に放熱され、ゲート電極とソース電極又は/及びドレイン電極間のショートやリークが精密な半導体電極形成工程を経なくても低減できる。さらには、半導体装置に電力を供給する配線が、それぞれ異なる面側となるので配線ショートや配線ロスを低減させるとともに、集積化が容易になる。さらには、第一の電極が複数ある場合には、電極間の距離を狭くすることが可能となる。
請求項4に記載の発明は、第二の電極が少なくともバッファ層の一部又は全部を除去してなる部位に載置される半導体装置であります。
これにより、バッファ層に起因するリーク電流やoff電流などのさまざまな影響を低減するとともに、第二の電極の半導体素子への接続特性が良くなるなど素子特性の優れた半導体装置を得ることが可能となります。
請求項5に記載の発明は、第二の電極が載置される部位が凹部である半導体装置であります。
【0007】
これにより、半導体装置の本体厚みを低下させること無く、すなわち半導体装置の機械的強度を低下させることなく、第二の電極を半導体装置に載置できるとともに、凹部の深さや形を適宜調節することにより、理想の素子特性とすることが可能となります。
請求項6に記載の発明は、少なくとも保護膜で覆われたソース電極及び/又はドレイン電極の一部/又は全部が熱伝導性基板上に接着剤を介して接着されている窒化物系半導体材料からなるトランジスタであります。
これにより、窒化物系半導体材料からなるトランジスタの発熱を接着面を介して熱伝導性基板に放熱することが可能となり、動作特性や対温度環境に優れた大電力トランジスタとして用いることもできるようになります。
請求項7に記載の発明は、ゲート電極がソース電極又は/及びドレイン電極が載置される載置面とは異なる面側に設けられるトランジスタであります。
これによりゲート電極が他の電極に対し立体的に乖離させることが可能となり、立体配線をすることにより集積化に有利であるとともに、ゲート電極と他の電極との形成処理を異なる面に対して実施するため、電極形成時の損傷を分散させ局部損傷を低減させ得る。さらに、空乏層の形成部位がゲート電極側(典型的にはバルクGaN側やサファイア基板側やバッファ層側であり、すなわち典型的にはアンチAs−Grown側)から生じるのでoff電流を低減できる。
請求項8に記載の発明は、ゲート電極が載置されるソース電極又は/及びドレイン電極が載置される載置面とは異なる面側の少なくともその一部が凹部を有すると共に、凹部にゲート電極が載置されているトランジスタであります。
【0008】
動作電圧等の特性に応じて凹部を形成できるので、設計上の自由度が大きくなるとともに、半導体装置本体の厚みに依存せずゲート電極を設けるのに最適な深さ位置に電極を載置することができます。
請求項9に記載の発明は、ゲート電極がバッファ層の少なくとも一部又は全部を除去した部位に載置されるトランジスタであります。
これにより、バッファ層による電気的悪影響を低減させた、良好な素子特性を有するトランジスタとすることができます。
請求項10記載の発明は、保護膜が少なくともニオブ酸化膜を含む絶縁膜を含有するところの半導体装置又はトランジスタであります。
この発明により、特に絶縁性の良好なかつ超薄膜で放熱性も良好な保護膜を備えた半導体装置又はトランジスタとすることができます。
【0009】
(電極)
典型的には半導体装置に電子または正孔を供給したり取り出したりするための半導体装置外部との電気信号入出力に関わる連絡経路となる部位である。電極は典型的には半導体本体を形成する半導体材料とは異なる組成から形成され、例えば、Ti、Al、Cu、W、Au、Ag、Mo、Ni、Pt、In、Rh、Ir、Crなど電気を通す素材であれば電極として機能しうる。もちろん、金属材料に限られることはなく導電性を有する導電性プラスチックなどでも良く、機能として導電性を有し半導体装置本体との電気の入出力窓口として働くものであれば、本発明の実施に際し電極材料においては一切限定されるものではない。また、電極は単一元素の材料からなるだけではなく、2層以上の層構造としたり、合金化、共晶化したり混晶としたりとさまざまな形態としても良い(例えばITOなど)。例えば好ましくは、AlGaN系やGaN系へのオーミック電極はTi/Al系電極であり、ショットキー電極はNi/Au系材料からなる電極とすることがそれぞれHEMTの場合の一実施形態の電極として要求されるオーミック特性、ショットキー特性などにおいて良好に機能する上でより好ましい。
【0010】
(半導体装置)
トランジスタ、ダイオード、HEMT、各種メモリなど半導体材料からなり、電気信号の入出力を担う2つ以上の電極を有する半導体機能素子であれば種類を問うものではない。半導体材料とは、III−V族化合物、II−VI族化合物、Ge、Siなど特に種類や形態を限定するものではない。
【0011】
(保護膜)
電極材料や半導体層を腐食やはがれ、傷つきなど内外部からの劣化原因から保護するための膜のことをいう。典型的には絶縁性を有しており、熱伝導性基板との絶縁や電極間、半導体本体との絶縁を確保できる絶縁性材料で構成することもできる。保護膜の材料としては、例えばSiOなどのSi酸化膜をはじめ、Zr酸化物(典型的にはZrO)以外にも、Ti、V、Nb、Hf、Taなどから選択された少なくとも1種類の元素を含む酸化物、SiN、BN、SiC、AlN等やこれらの混合物、混晶、合金、層状構成等とすることができるものであるが、これに限定されることはなく、例えばポリイミドフィルムやフェノール樹脂、ナイロン樹脂、各種ポリマーなどプラスチック性機能材料や生分解性有機膜、その他の無機膜などを用いることもできる。つまり、保護膜とは、機能面から定義した言葉であるので、電極材料や半導体層に対してなんらかの保護、性能保持、劣化防止機能、耐環境性、耐腐食性を発現するものはすべてこの範疇に含まれるものである。一実施形態として、絶縁性と耐久性を求めかつ素子特性への悪影響が少ない材料であり、さらには取り扱いの容易さ、経済性などの面からはSiNを用いることが好ましい。SiNを用いると半導体/絶縁膜界面状態が良く、すなわち界面準位が少なくなると推察され、格段に周波数分散が少なくなり特性が良好となる。さらにはニオブ酸化膜からなる絶縁膜を用いると特に窒化物系HEMTにおいて良好な絶縁性を発揮するとともに、2nm程度の薄膜としても絶縁性が損なわれないので、特に放熱特性に優れた保護膜とすることができる。すなわち、放熱特性を良好にする方策の一つとしては、保護膜を薄くして熱伝導をし易くしてやることが考えられるが、この目的に合致させるべく保護膜を薄くすると、保護膜の絶縁破壊耐電圧が下がり、電流リーク特性が悪化するなど絶縁性が悪くなる傾向が一般的である。この点においてニオブ酸化膜は2nm程度の超薄膜においてもHEMTの使用耐電圧として十分な絶縁特性を得ることができるので特に好ましい。なお、絶縁膜とは必ずしも導電性が零である膜を指すものではなく、素子機能において良好に期待する性能が得られる程度に抵抗が高ければ十分であり、典型的には半導体層に比して相対的に抵抗率が高い層を絶縁膜ということができる。また、材料単体では抵抗率やシート抵抗値は小さくても半導体層等、電極等と接触させたときにその組み合わせにおいて電位障壁を形成し(例えば整流作用など)、動作範囲などの所望の電圧に対し電流を流さないような実質的な抵抗機能(または絶縁機能)を有する構成とすることも可能である。この場合においても所望の電圧に対し電流を実質的に流さない絶縁機能を有するという意味合いにおいて、本発明にいうところの絶縁膜ということができる。
【0012】
(接着剤)
はんだ材や有機・無機系ボンド、銅ペースト、銀ペーストなど材料は特に限定されるものではなく、接着剤の材質や材料、形態、量の多少を問うものではない。半導体装置の保護膜や半導体装置、電極を熱伝導性基板に載置固定できるものであれば良く、接着機能を有していればよい。取り扱いの容易さや素子特性への悪影響の少なさなどから典型的にははんだ材による接着がより好ましい。なお、上記載置固定とは、かならずしも不動状態を意味するものではなく、多少振動や摺動可能なように載置する場合も含むものである。例えば、振動可能なような接着剤としてはゲル状(ジェル状)、ゼリー状の接着剤を用いることもできるものであり、放熱をアシストする揮発系材料等を含有、混合したような接着剤とすることもできる。
【0013】
(熱伝導性基板)
典型的には、Cu/W(通称銅タン)からなる放熱を担う基体のことをいう。基板は、ある程度機械的強度を有する保持力のあるものが好ましいが、フレキシブル基板や形状記憶合金などの柔軟性に富み形状・形態の変化可能な基板を使用することも可能である。熱伝導性基板としては、この他にもAl、Cu、Wなどの金属、AlN、SiC、ダイヤモンド、銅ダイヤモンド、GaN、Si等及びその混晶、合金、混合物などを用いることができるのであり、放熱を担える基体であれば、金属以外でも樹脂類やガラス類など材料組成、形状は限定されない。
【0014】
(接着)
熱伝導性基板への放熱が遮断されない程度に接合していることを指し、間接接着、直接接着を問わない。また、電極全面が接着している必要はなく極一部でも接着していれば良い。ただし、放熱特性をより強力に向上させるためにはできるだけ大きな面積において電極と熱伝導性基板が接着することが望ましい。なお、接着剤を介してとは、電極と保護膜と接着剤と熱伝導性基板の関係において、そのすべてがそろっている必要は無く適材適所であればよいので、すなわち電極と熱伝導性基板の関係において放熱できる程度に接着し、必要に応じて適宜接着剤や保護膜が設けられていれば充分である。また、電極以外の半導体装置本体の一部または全部が熱伝導性基板と接着した構造とすることもできる。
【0015】
(第一の電極)
典型的にはソース電極又は/及びドレイン電極のことを指す。バイポーラトランジスタにおいては、典型的にはエミッタ電極又は/コレクタ電極ということになるが、接地形態や使用型式・使用形態等によっては異なるものであり、ゲート電極やベース電極であっても良い。
またトランジスタ以外の半導体機能素子であれば、例えば正極電極、負極電極など他の名称の電極である場合もあるので必ずしも上記に限定されない。電極の一部若しくは全部が、保護膜に覆われかつ電極又は/及び前記保護膜の一部若しくは全部が熱伝導性基板に接着剤を介して接着されているものは第一の電極となる。
【0016】
(第一の電極とは異なる面側)
本発明においては、第一の電極の少なくとも一部分が熱伝導性基板に接着している。この接着面以外の異なる面側のことを第一の電極とは異なる面側といい、曲面、球面、平面など面形状は問わない。接着面と同一面でなければそれで、第一の電極とは異なる面側ということである。
【0017】
(第二の電極)
典型的には、ゲート電極のことをさすが、バイポーラ型トランジスタにおいてはベース電極でも良く、接地形式や使用型式・使用形態によっては他の電極の場合もありうる。また、トランジスタ以外の半導体機能素子においては、例えば正極や負極など他の電極名称の場合であっても問題はない。第一の電極が載置される面と異なる面側に設けられていることに特徴があるとともに、第一の電極と第二の電極が協業して電子機能素子としての電気信号の入出力を含めた機能を構成するものであれば、すべてこの範疇に含まれる。電極の形は、T字型、I型など特に限定されないが、T字型のゲート電極とすると電極の断面積が増え電極抵抗を低減できるので、動作周波数の高周波の特性向上の上でさらに好ましい。
(第一の電極が載置される載置面に対する対向面側)
典型的には、図4、図5、図6に示すがごとく、サファイア基板側であり、好ましくはサファイア基板や、より好ましくはバッファ層を除去した面であり、さらに好ましくは凹部を有する面側であるが、あくまで典型例であるのでこの典型例に限定されるものではない。また、本発明における半導体装置を設ける基板としてはサファイア基板以外にもGaN系基板、SiC基板、Si基板、GaAs基板、InP基板、GaP基板などIII−V族化合物半導体から、Si、II−VI族化合物半導体、Geなどなど半導体装置を形成することが可能な基板であればその材料組成や結晶性、分子原子構造等は一切限定されるものではない。
【0018】
(ソース電極、ドレイン電極、ゲート電極)
典型的にはキャリアを供給(又は放出)するソースとキャリアを吸い込むドレインとその間に設けられたゲートに加える電圧によって、ソース−ドレイン間に流れる電流を制御することができるものであり、この機能を担う電極がそれぞれ、ソース電極、ドレイン電極、ゲート電極という。しかし、トランジスタの形態にはバイポーラ型やユニポール型などさまざまな形態のものが知られており、必ずしも上記に限定されるものではない。例えば、バイポーラ型トランジスタの場合であれば、使用形態時におけるコレクタ、ベース、エミッタの3端子各電極の役割機能により、本発明上のソース電極、ドレイン電極、ゲート電極へとあてはめ適用することが可能である。すなわち、電気信号を増幅するトランジスタの3端子のそれぞれの機能により各電極の名称がソース、ドレイン、ゲートと呼称しているのであるから、本発明においてはコレクタ、ベース、エミッタを有するバイポーラ型トランジスタに対しても適用できるものであり、呼称に何ら制限されるものではない。より好ましくは、HEMT(高電子移動度トランジスタ)における、ソース電極、ドレイン電極、ゲート電極であれば動作特性上より好ましい。
【0019】
(バッファ層)
典型的には緩衝層といわれる、2つ以上の結晶性または/及び格子定数の異なる物質の間に設けられ、これらの物質間の物性値の急激な変動を緩和する役目を担う層をバッファ層という。バッファ層としては例えば、GaN層、AlGaN層、AlN層、InGaN層、AlInGaN層、GaAs層、AlGaAs層、InP層など物質間の物性値の急激な変動を緩和する機能を有する物質であれば、上記材料に限らず、また結晶、非晶質(アモルファス)、多結晶など態様も限定されるものではない。典型的一実施態様としては、GaNからなる低温バッファ層を用いることが窒化物系半導体材料とサファイア基板間のバッファ層による緩衝としてはより好ましいが用いる基板と半導体装置の材料組成や結晶性などによって適宜、選択・使用できるものであり、上記記載により本件発明の実施に際しなんら限定されるものではない。
【0020】
(除去してなる部位)
バッファ層を除去された、すなわち厚さにおいてはバッファ層積層時よりも厚さが薄くなった個所のことを指すが、すべてを除去しなくとも一部でも多少なりとも除去している個所であれば良い。
【0021】
(凹部)
典型的には、図4に示すような凹み部を指すが、この典型例に限定されない。また、リセス構造といわれるようなゲート電極形成部を凹部に加工するものでも良い。
【0022】
(保護膜で覆われた)
必ずしも、電極すべてが保護膜で覆われる必要は無い。また均一な保護膜でなくてもよく、保護膜膜厚に場所的差異を有していたり、保護膜材料や保護膜物性に場所による差異を有していても良い。
【0023】
典型的一実施態様の場合においては、SiNをスパッタ等により積層させる保護膜とするとHEMTの物性上好ましい。さらに好ましくは、ニオブ酸化膜を含むニオブ化合物からなる絶縁膜を含有する膜であればよい。Nbを含むニオブ化合物としては、ニオブ酸(Nb・nHO)や五酸化ニオブ(Nb)、しゅう酸水素ニオブ(Nb(HC2O4)5・nHO)、水酸化ニオブ(Nb・nHO)、ニオブエトキシド(Nb(OC)、さらには上記以外にもニオブ酸化膜としてはNbO、NbOなどが知られている。窒化物系HEMTに用いる場合には、その中でも特に、Nb(水和物を除く)あるいはNbOを用いることが好ましく、薄膜化することが可能であるため放熱性に優れた保護膜とすることができ、大電流高周波パワーHEMTとして駆動することができると考えられる。
また、従来から知られてるSiNx系絶縁膜(xは零以上の数値)やSiOx(xは零以上の数値)系絶縁膜などと多層膜あるいは混成膜として形成することが可能である。
【0024】
(窒化物系半導体材料)
本発明にいう窒化物系半導体材料とは、典型的には(AlxInyGa1−x−yN(0≦x≦1、0≦y≦1、0≦x+y≦1))からなる半導体材料のことをいい、多少なりとも(AlxInyGa1−x−yN(0≦x≦1、0≦y≦1、0≦x+y≦1))を含有する半導体材料もこれに含める。また、この材料においては、混晶や多層膜、ヘテロ構造など半導体装置の構造には一切限定されるものではない。
【0025】
(ソース電極又は/及びドレイン電極が載置される載置面とは異なる面側)
典型例として、図4、図5、図6に示すようにこの図においてはソース電極とドレイン電極が載置される半導体装置の面の裏側、すなわちサファイア基板やバッファ層が設けられていた面側のことであるが、この典型例に限定されるものではない。
【0026】
(トランジスタ)
半導体で作製される増幅器の一般名称であり、1以上の障壁(典型的にはpn接合など)を有し、電気信号を増幅する3端子素子として定義される。トランジスタはキャリアである電子と正孔の双方が動作に関与するバイポーラトランジスタと一方のみが動作を決めるユニポーラトランジスタとが知られている。バイポーラトランジスタは入力電流によって出力電流を制御する電流制御型であるのに対し、ユニポーラトランジスタは入力電圧によって出力電流を制御する電圧制御型の素子である。ユニポーラトランジスタは電解効果型トランジスタと呼ばれ、電極構造により接合ゲート型、MOSFET、に代表される絶縁ゲート型、金属・半導体接合(MES FET)、薄膜構造(TFT)などがある。バイポーラトランジスタは、エミッタ、ベース、コレクタの3端子電極を備えた電流制御型の半導体増幅器であり、電子と正孔の両方が動作に関与している。接合の組み合わせによりPNP型、NPN型また接地形式によりベース接地、エミッタ接地、コレクタ接地などがある。本発明の構成を取るに際しては、トランジスタの種類は上記のみならず限定されるものではない。
【0027】
(該凹部に該ゲート電極が載置)
典型的には図4(c)に示すような凹部を設けた個所にゲート電極が載置されている載置状況をいうが、図4(c)に限定されるものでは決してない。凹部に載置されると、凹部の深さを凹部形成工程などで調節することで、半導体装置、典型的にはHEMTなどトランジスタの制御電圧や制御電流の動作レベルを調節することが可能となり、半導体装置本体の大きさや厚さ、材質等に依存せず動作レベルを凹部深さで設定できるので電子機能素子としてのユーティリティが飛躍的に向上するので好ましい。また、リセス構造とした場合にはトランジスタの寄生抵抗を大幅に低減する効果があり、素子の増幅特性や高周波特性を改善することができる。
【0028】
(バッファ層の少なくとも一部を除去した部位)
バッファ層の全膜厚を除去しても良いし、一部の膜厚を除去してもよい。またバッファ層積層面の一部分のみ除去しても良いし、バッファ層積層面全体にわたって均一、不均一に除去することも可能である。バッファ積層面を多少なりとも除去した部位に電極を設けることにより、バッファ層の悪影響、すなわち典型的にはリーク電流やoff電流などを低減することができるので半導体装置の電気特性の向上が図れ、電極と半導体層との密着、接着程度も向上することが期待される。典型例として図4、図5、図6に示す構造においては、バッファ層を全面的に完全に除去した構造を示しているが、これに限定されるものではない。
【0029】
(ニオブ酸化膜)
一般にはNbOx(xは零以上の数字)で表現される化合物である。典型例としてはNbO、NbO、Nbなどが知られているが、これらの水和物をはじめとして様様な形態の化合物が存在するので上記に限定されることはない。ニオブ酸化膜を用いた絶縁膜の電流リーク特性について、SiN絶縁膜との比較評価結果の一例を図7に示す。図7は窒化物系半導体層上にSiN薄膜とニオブ酸化薄膜をそれぞれスパッタにより成膜させた場合のリーク電流を各々測定したものであるが図7に示すように、広範な電圧印加範囲にわたってSiN膜に比して良好な絶縁特性を有し、窒化物系半導体(その中でもとりわけAlGaNでさらに好ましくはAl0.2Ga0.8N)との関係においては特にニオブ酸化膜がSiN膜厚の半分以下の膜厚である超薄膜であるにも関わらずSiNに比して2桁程度電流リークが少なく特に良好な絶縁特性を有していることが理解できる。ちなみに図7に示すのは、あくまでニオブ酸化膜の絶縁特性を示す典型例であり、MIS(メタル/絶縁膜/半導体)構造においても、ニオブ酸化膜は良好な絶縁特性を示すことが判明したものであり、HEMTをはじめとする半導体素子の絶縁保護膜として非常に優れている。また、MIM(メタル/絶縁膜/メタル)構造など様様な態様においても同様の優れた絶縁特性を示すと考えている。なお、図7に示すニオブ酸化膜(NbOx膜)の成膜条件としては典型例として図8に示すようなスパッタ条件により成膜したものであり、この場合どのようなニオブ酸化膜であるかは明確には評価特定されていないが、物性特性によりこの典型例においては、Nb膜(水和物を除く)またはNbO膜である可能性が高いと考えている。
【0030】
【実施例】
(実施例)
(結晶成長)
以下、第一の実施例について図4を参照しながら詳細に説明する。結晶成長装置にはMOCVDを用いてサファイア基板上に素子を作製する。まづ、MOCVD反応炉内にサファイア基板(C面)46をセットし、サファイア基板(C面)46の基板表面を水素雰囲気中基板温度を1050℃まで上昇させて、水素を流しながら基板のクリーニングをする。つづいて、基板温度を510℃まで下げ、キャリアガスに水素、原料ガスにTMG(トリメチルガリウム)とアンモニアガスを用いて、基板46上にGaNよりなるバッファ層45を約200Åの膜厚で成長させる。バッファ層45を成長後引き続いて、TMG(トリメチルガリウム)のみ止めて、基板温度を1050℃まで上昇させる。基板温度が1050℃になったら、同じく原料ガスにTMG、アンモニアガスを用い、アンドープGaN層44を3μmの膜厚で成長させる。次に、基板温度1050℃で、原料ガスにTMG、TMA(トリメチルアルミニウム)、アンモニアガスとを用い、AlN混晶比0.2であるAl0.2Ga0.8NよりなるアンドープAlGaN層43を50Åの膜厚で成長させる。つづいて、基板温度1050℃で原料ガスにTMG、TMA、アンモニアガスを用い、不純物ガスにシランガスを用い、Siを2×1018/cmドープしたAl混晶比が0.2であるAl0.2Ga0.8Nよりなるn型AlGaN層43を約100Åの膜厚で成長させる。このSiドープn型Al0.2Ga0.8N層43がキャリア供給層となると考えられる。反応終了後、温度を室温まで下げウェーハを反応容器から取り出す。
【0031】
(フォトリソ工程)
まず素子形成領域以外の部分を絶縁するために、SiOをプラズマCVD装置を用いて全面に約0.5μmの膜厚で成膜する。ついで、スピンコータを用いてレジストを塗布した後、パターン露光してレジストのパターニングを施します。その後CF4ガスを用いてRIE装置にてSiOを所定の形状にエッチングし、SiOマスクを形成する。次にSiOをマスクにして、プラズマRIE装置を用いて素子分離としてAlGaN層とGaN層すべてをエッチングするために、Cl雰囲気にて圧力を16Paに保ち、出力320Wで260秒間エッチングする。ソース・ドレイン電極としてTi/Alをマグネトロンスパッタ装置を用いてAr雰囲気中において、0.5Paに設定し、300WでTiを100Å、500WでAlを3000Åスパッタし電極形成する。その後、リフトオフし、窒素ガス雰囲気中で600℃にて10分間アニールを実施する。次に、全面に絶縁膜と接着材料をつける。(図4(a))絶縁膜はソース・ドレイン電極がショートしてしまうのを防ぐためであり、そのままでは貼り合わせ基板とそれに対する接着材料(本実施例ではメタル)が導電性を有するものである。絶縁膜はSiNでECRスパッタ装置でArガスを20sccm及びNガスを5sccmで流しながら300WにてSiをとばしてSiN成膜した。ついで、接着材料としてはTi/Pt/Au/Sn/Auをスパッタする。次に高熱伝導性基板としてCu/WにTi/Pt/Pdを接着剤としてスパッタしたものを使用し、両接着剤の接着面を押し付けて加熱することにより接着すると共に、エキシマレーザでサファイア基板を剥離し、剥離面を研磨する。(図4(b))その後上述のようなレジストマスクでICPエッチング装置を用いてClガスにてを実施し、ソース・ドレイン電極を露出させる。さらにゲート部分をレジストマスクで同様にClガスを用いてICPエッチングにより掘削する。(図4(c))これにより、ゲートから2DESまでの距離が縮まりゲートバイアスが利きやすくなる。ついで、Ni/Auをマグネトロンスパッタ装置を用いてAr雰囲気中にて圧力0.12Paに保ち、出力300WでNiを1000Å成膜後、出力200WでAuを1500Å成膜する。続いて、アセトンに浸漬しレジスト剥離リフトオフした後、水洗する。Niショットキー電極をゲート電極とする。(図4(d))
(パッケージング)
デバイス工程が終了した後、チップをパッケージに実装する。なおワイヤ線を張る場合はワイヤボンダを使用する。
【0032】
(第二の実施形態)
図5に示すように熱伝導性基板に電極を貫通させ、ビア構造とすることも可能である。デバイス工程における張り合わせ前に、熱伝導性基板に穴を空け、そこに金属を充填します。その他は実施例1と同じです。また、本実施例に限らずHEMTの電子供給層(典型的にはn型AlGaN)は2.5nm程度以下と薄くすることにより、電子の到達時間が早まりアスペクト比の増大や短チャネル効果の抑制、漏れ電流の抑制など高速動作により適した構造とすることも可能である。
【0033】
(第三の実施形態)
図6に示すように、ゲート電極設置個所に凹部を形成することなくゲート電極を載置する以外は、実施例1と同様にして作製した。これにより、良好なHEMT駆動特性が観察されたが、実施例1に比してややゲートバイアス特性が高めにシフトする傾向が観察された。
【0034】
また熱伝導性基板の裏面電極については、回り込みメタライズで高熱伝導性基板の側面に金属電極を成膜し、HEMTとの導通を確保する方法でも良いが、これらの実施例は、あくまで実施の形態を例示するものであって、本件発明を限定するものでは決してない。
本実施例においては、熱伝導性基板の半導体素子接合面側には配線が施されていない構造としている。これにより、半導体素子と熱伝導性基板との接合、接着時に精密なアライメントをする必要が無くなり、作業性に優れるとともに収率が向上し、素子特性も安定させることができる。また、半導体素子への電気的接続はワイヤ線を通じて行うようにすると、トランジスタから配線される基板の電極位置や形状が自由に設計できるようになるとともに、電極からもワイヤ線を通じて放熱させることができ、また、ワイヤ線の長さでインダクタンス成分を調整でき、整合をとることができるので好ましい。
【0035】
さらに、熱伝導性基板の裏側、すなわち半導体素子接着側の反対側に配線すると、基板の配線可能な面積が増え設計自由度が向上するとともに、ワイヤレスであればゲート側にも別途熱伝導性基板を設けることができ放熱特性が向上するとともに、ワイヤボンディングのためのパッドが不要となり小型化に適する。またワイヤによるインダクタンス成分及びワイヤ間や半導体素子本体間とのキャパシタンス成分を低減できるメリットもある。
【0036】
また、本発明によれば熱伝導性基板と半導体素子との間に保護膜を介して接着しているが、これにより半導体素子の表面準位をパッシベーションでき、電気特性を悪化させずむしろ向上させることができ、保護膜はSiNを用いるとより好ましい。さらには、電極と熱伝導性基板との距離を例えばSiOやSiN保護膜の厚みで制御できるので、できる限り薄くすることにより放熱特性の向上を図ることが可能となる。ここで、上記薄くして放熱特性を向上させる意味からは、ニオブ酸化膜を含む絶縁膜は絶縁性が非常に良好で例えばHEMTのドレイン電極、ソース電極に対してはニオブ酸化膜を含む絶縁性膜厚は2nm程度でも充分な絶縁機能を発揮するので特に好ましい。加えて表面パッシベーションの良好なSiNを半導体素子側に保護膜として用い、絶縁性の良好なニオブ酸化膜を含む絶縁性膜を熱伝導性基板側に保護膜として用いる2層構造とすることにより薄膜化とパッシベーション、絶縁化を高いレベルで両立でき非常に好ましい。
【0037】
【本発明の効果】
本件発明により、大電力電子機能素子においても大電力に起因する発熱問題に影響されず、良好な素子特性を安定確保でき、熱による素子寿命の劣化や誤作動も防止し、さらにはoff電流の低減などゲートバイアス電気特性の非常に良好なHEMTを作製することが可能となる。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】フリップチップ方式GaAs系HEMT従来断面図
1・・・半導体基板、2・・・アセンブリ基板、3・・・伝送線路用(又はHEMT用)グラウンドパターン、4・・・微小な突起状バンプ電極、5・・・HEMT、6a・・・線路、6b・・・グラウンドパターン、6c・・・アセンブリ基板の信号線、7・・・MIMキャパシタ、14・・・伝送線路用信号線、15・・・ブリッジ、16・・・HEMT用バイアス回路
【図2】(a)従来のGaAs系フリップチップ型HEMTの信号線部分の断面図
(b)従来の半導体基板のGaAs系HEMT形成面における平面図
【図3】従来のGaN系HEMT構造模式図
【図4】本発明の第一の一実施態様に関わる窒化物系半導体HEMT作製の模式図
41・・・ソース電極及びドレイン電極、42・・・保護膜、43・・・AlGaN層、44・・・バルクGaN層(チャネル層含む)、45・・・バッファ層、46・・・サファイア基板、47・・・高熱伝導性基板、48・・・ゲート電極、49・・・電極配線ワイヤ
【図5】本発明の第二の一実施態様に関わる窒化物HEMTの模式構造図
【図6】本発明の第三の一実施態様に関わる窒化物HEMTの模式構造図
【図7】SiN膜とニオブ酸化膜との電流リーク特性の典型的比較例
【図8】ニオブ酸化膜成膜条件の一例
[0001]
TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a flip-chip high mobility transistor having a face-down structure, and more particularly to a power HEMT structure in which electrodes are formed on different surfaces.
[0002]
[Prior art]
The demand for practical use of information communication systems using microwave and millimeter wave bands in recent years has been rapidly increasing and progressing with the increase in the number of communication lines. Such high-frequency communication devices are required to have not only excellent electrical characteristics but also small size, that is, to manufacture a semiconductor device with a higher degree of integration. Therefore, a semiconductor device having a flip-chip structure as shown in FIG. 1 has been devised for the purpose of reducing the pad area required for connecting the bonding wires. By having such a flip chip structure, an area required for connecting the semiconductor substrate 1 and the assembly substrate 2 is not newly generated, and the semiconductor device can be downsized. The semiconductor substrate 1 has a main surface on which a HEMT 5, a transmission line signal line 14, a bump electrode 4, and the like are formed, and a rear surface on which a transmission line ground pattern or a HEMT ground pattern 3 is formed. The transmission line signal line 14 forms a microstrip line in pairs with the ground pattern 3. Furthermore, flip-chip HEMTs as shown in FIGS. 2A and 2B have been proposed for the purpose of cost reduction and the like. The semiconductor device shown in FIG. 2 includes a semiconductor substrate 1 on which a HEMT 5 and a line 6a are formed, and an assembly substrate 2 having a ground pattern 6b. The semiconductor substrate 1 and the assembly substrate 2 are formed with minute projecting electrodes (bumps). It is a flip chip type connected by electrodes 4. In FIG. 2, a semiconductor substrate 1 is made of a semi-insulating material such as gallium arsenide, on which a HEMT 5 as an active element, a signal line 6a of a transmission line, a MIM (Metal Insulator Metal) capacitor 7, a bias circuit 16 for the HEMT. And the like, and form a functional circuit block including the semiconductor substrate facing portion ground pattern 6b on the assembly substrate 2. Reference numeral 15 in the HEMT 5 is a bridge connecting source terminals that are grounds of the HEMT. It has been described that a HEMT device having a simple layout and a large degree of freedom in layout can be manufactured by such a structure.
[0003]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
However, since the conventional flip-chip HEMT is a semiconductor device devised for the purpose of improving the degree of integration of a semiconductor device made of a GaAs-based material, a nitride for high power mainly used for a power HEMT system is used. The problem of heat generation, which is a remarkable problem in HEMTs containing a semiconductor material (AlxInyGa1-xyN (0≤x≤1, 0≤y≤1, 0≤x + y≤1)), has not been solved. That is, in the high-power power HEMT, a large amount of heat is generated due to the high power, and thus the heat generated by the HEMT itself has a problem of having a considerable adverse effect on the HEMT element characteristics. In particular, in the case of a nitride-based semiconductor material, sapphire is typically used as a substrate. However, heat dissipation through the sapphire substrate is insufficient to sufficiently dissipate the heat generated from the power HEMT. For a long time, the HEMT is exposed to a high temperature for a long time, and as a result, the element may be destroyed. Further, since the source, drain, and gate electrodes are provided close to the same surface, different electrode forming processes for the source / drain electrode forming photolithography and the gate electrode forming photolithography are performed on the same electrode forming surface. Not only complicates the process, but also has a negative effect on the yield due to the photolithography process, which requires considerable accuracy. Concerns arise that arise. On the other hand, in order to avoid a short circuit between the electrodes and to improve the withstand voltage performance, it is necessary to increase the distance between the electrodes to some extent. However, when the distance between the electrodes is increased, the resistance is increased. In particular, by designing the distance between the source and the gate electrode to be greatly increased, the transconductance (amplification characteristic, commonly called “gm”) of the transistor is reduced, and eventually the HEMT as the HEMT is formed. Concerns have been pointed out that the device characteristics are degraded.
In addition, in the case of a HEMT made of a nitride-based semiconductor material, the way in which the depletion layer spreads to the bulk GaN layer through which the channel current flows is slow, and as a result, a sufficient cutoff of the source-drain current does not function, and the threshold voltage does not function. There was a problem in voltage control and the like. That is, it is known that the GaN-based material HEMT as shown in FIG. 3 has a considerable residual carrier concentration due to nitrogen vacancies or the like. It is believed that they will flow in the GaN layer. Needless to say, it is originally desirable that the current at the time of the gate off bias is completely cut off. The off current or the leak current may be caused by a buffer layer provided between the sapphire substrate and the bulk GaN layer. It is presumed that leakage current flows or the like, and reduction of the off current or the leakage current has been a major problem of HEMTs containing a nitride-based semiconductor material.
[0004]
The present invention has been made in view of the above problems, and has excellent heat dissipation characteristics, enables application to high power, eliminates the problems of reducing short-circuit between electrodes and improving withstand voltage, and further provides an off-current. / A nitride-based semiconductor material (AlxInyGa1-x-yN (0), which realizes an improvement in element electrical characteristics such as a reduction in leakage current and an amplification factor (gm), and which can be easily integrated in a simple process. It is an object of the present invention to provide a semiconductor device which can be applied to a power HEMT containing ≦ x ≦ 1, 0 ≦ y ≦ 1, and 0 ≦ x + y ≦ 1)).
[0005]
[Patent Document 1]
JP-A-2002-110737
[0006]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The invention according to claim 1 is a semiconductor device having at least two electrodes, wherein at least one first electrode covered with a protective film and adhered to a heat conductive substrate via an adhesive; A semiconductor device having a second electrode mounted on a different surface side from the first electrode.
With this configuration, the heat of the semiconductor device main body is effectively radiated to the heat conductive substrate through the first electrode, and short-circuit and leak between the second electrode and the first electrode can be prevented through a precise semiconductor electrode forming step. Can also be reduced.
The invention according to claim 2 is a semiconductor device in which a surface different from the first electrode on which the second electrode is mounted is a surface facing the mounting surface on which the first electrode is mounted. .
With this configuration, the heat of the semiconductor device main body is effectively radiated to the heat conductive substrate through the first electrode, and short-circuit and leak between the second electrode and the first electrode can be prevented through a precise semiconductor electrode forming step. Can also be reduced. Furthermore, since the wiring for supplying power to the semiconductor device is on the opposite surface side, wiring short-circuit and wiring loss are reduced, and integration is facilitated. Further, when there are a plurality of first electrodes, the distance between the electrodes can be reduced.
The invention according to claim 3 is a semiconductor device in which the first electrode is a source electrode and / or a drain electrode, and the second electrode is a gate electrode.
With this configuration, the heat of the semiconductor device main body is effectively radiated to the heat conductive substrate through the source electrode and / or the drain electrode, and the short circuit and the leak between the gate electrode and the source electrode and / or the drain electrode are precisely formed. Can be reduced without passing through. Furthermore, since the wires for supplying power to the semiconductor device are on different surfaces, short-circuiting and wiring loss are reduced, and integration is facilitated. Further, when there are a plurality of first electrodes, the distance between the electrodes can be reduced.
The invention according to claim 4 is a semiconductor device in which the second electrode is mounted on a portion where at least part or all of the buffer layer is removed.
Thus, various effects such as a leak current and an off current caused by the buffer layer can be reduced, and a semiconductor device having excellent element characteristics such as improved connection characteristics of the second electrode to the semiconductor element can be obtained. It becomes.
The invention according to claim 5 is a semiconductor device in which a portion on which the second electrode is mounted is a concave portion.
[0007]
Accordingly, the second electrode can be placed on the semiconductor device without reducing the thickness of the main body of the semiconductor device, that is, without reducing the mechanical strength of the semiconductor device, and the depth and shape of the concave portion can be appropriately adjusted. This makes it possible to achieve ideal device characteristics.
According to a sixth aspect of the present invention, there is provided a nitride-based semiconductor material in which at least a part / or all of a source electrode and / or a drain electrode covered with a protective film is bonded on a heat conductive substrate via an adhesive. Transistor.
This makes it possible to dissipate the heat generated by the transistor made of a nitride-based semiconductor material to the heat conductive substrate via the bonding surface, so that the transistor can be used as a high-power transistor having excellent operating characteristics and temperature resistance. Become.
The invention according to claim 7 is a transistor in which a gate electrode is provided on a surface side different from a mounting surface on which a source electrode and / or a drain electrode is mounted.
This makes it possible for the gate electrode to be three-dimensionally separated from other electrodes, which is advantageous for integration by providing three-dimensional wiring, and that the formation process of the gate electrode and other electrodes can be performed on different surfaces. In practice, damage during electrode formation can be dispersed and local damage can be reduced. Further, since the depletion layer is formed on the gate electrode side (typically on the bulk GaN side, the sapphire substrate side, or the buffer layer side, that is, typically on the anti-As-Grown side), the off current can be reduced.
According to an eighth aspect of the present invention, at least a part of the surface side different from the mounting surface on which the source electrode and / or the drain electrode on which the gate electrode is mounted has a concave portion, and the gate is provided in the concave portion. This is the transistor on which the electrode is mounted.
[0008]
Since the concave portion can be formed according to the characteristics such as the operating voltage, the degree of freedom in design is increased, and the electrode is placed at an optimum depth position for providing the gate electrode regardless of the thickness of the semiconductor device body. can do.
According to a ninth aspect of the present invention, there is provided a transistor in which a gate electrode is mounted on a portion where at least a part or all of a buffer layer is removed.
As a result, it is possible to obtain a transistor having excellent element characteristics in which the electrical adverse effect of the buffer layer is reduced.
The invention according to claim 10 is a semiconductor device or a transistor in which the protective film contains at least an insulating film including a niobium oxide film.
According to the present invention, it is possible to provide a semiconductor device or a transistor provided with a protective film having particularly good insulating properties, an ultrathin film and good heat dissipation.
[0009]
(electrode)
Typically, the portion serves as a communication path for supplying and extracting electrons or holes to and from the semiconductor device with respect to the input and output of electric signals with the outside of the semiconductor device. The electrodes are typically formed from a different composition than the semiconductor material that forms the semiconductor body, such as Ti, Al, Cu, W, Au, Ag, Mo, Ni, Pt, In, Rh, Ir, Cr, etc. Any material that can pass through can function as an electrode. Of course, the present invention is not limited to a metal material, and may be a conductive plastic or the like having conductivity. Any material having conductivity as a function and acting as an input / output window for electricity with the semiconductor device body may be used in practicing the present invention. The electrode material is not limited at all. In addition, the electrode is not limited to being made of a single element material, and may have various forms such as two or more layers, alloying, eutectic, or mixed crystal (for example, ITO). For example, preferably, it is required that the ohmic electrode for AlGaN or GaN is a Ti / Al-based electrode, and that the Schottky electrode be an electrode made of a Ni / Au-based material as an electrode in one embodiment in the case of HEMT. It is more preferable in that it functions well in the ohmic characteristics, Schottky characteristics and the like.
[0010]
(Semiconductor device)
The type of the semiconductor functional element is not limited as long as it is made of a semiconductor material such as a transistor, a diode, a HEMT, and various memories and has two or more electrodes for inputting and outputting electric signals. The semiconductor material is not particularly limited to a type or form such as a III-V compound, a II-VI compound, Ge, and Si.
[0011]
(Protective film)
A film for protecting an electrode material or a semiconductor layer from internal or external deterioration such as corrosion, peeling, or damage. Typically, it may be made of an insulating material which has an insulating property and can secure insulation with a heat conductive substrate, between electrodes, and with a semiconductor body. As a material of the protective film, for example, SiO 2 2 And Zr oxide (typically, ZrO 2 ), Oxides containing at least one element selected from Ti, V, Nb, Hf, Ta, and the like, SiN, BN, SiC, AlN, and the like, mixtures thereof, mixed crystals, alloys, layered structures, and the like. It is possible to use, but is not limited thereto, for example, using a plastic functional material such as a polyimide film, a phenol resin, a nylon resin, various polymers, a biodegradable organic film, and other inorganic films. You can also. In other words, since the protective film is a term defined from the functional aspect, all materials that exhibit some kind of protection, performance retention, deterioration prevention function, environmental resistance, and corrosion resistance for electrode materials and semiconductor layers are in this category. It is included in. In one embodiment, it is preferable to use SiN, which is a material that requires insulation and durability and that has little adverse effect on device characteristics, and that is easy to handle and economical. It is presumed that the use of SiN improves the state of the interface between the semiconductor and the insulating film, that is, the interface state is reduced, so that the frequency dispersion is significantly reduced and the characteristics are improved. Further, when an insulating film made of a niobium oxide film is used, good insulating properties are exhibited particularly in a nitride-based HEMT, and the insulating property is not impaired even when the thickness is about 2 nm. can do. In other words, one of the measures to improve the heat radiation characteristics is to make the protective film thinner to facilitate heat conduction. However, if the protective film is made thinner to meet this purpose, the dielectric breakdown of the protective film may occur. Generally, there is a tendency for insulation properties to deteriorate, such as a decrease in withstand voltage and deterioration in current leakage characteristics. In this regard, a niobium oxide film is particularly preferable because an insulating property sufficient as a withstand voltage of the HEMT can be obtained even in an ultrathin film of about 2 nm. Note that the insulating film does not necessarily refer to a film having zero conductivity, but it is sufficient if the resistance is high enough to obtain a desired expected performance in the element function, and typically, compared to the semiconductor layer. Thus, a layer having a relatively high resistivity can be called an insulating film. In addition, even if the material alone has a small resistivity or sheet resistance, when it is brought into contact with an electrode such as a semiconductor layer, a potential barrier is formed in a combination thereof (for example, rectifying action), and a desired voltage such as an operation range is obtained. On the other hand, a configuration having a substantial resistance function (or an insulation function) for preventing a current from flowing is also possible. Even in this case, the insulating film according to the present invention can be said to have an insulating function of substantially not allowing a current to flow at a desired voltage.
[0012]
(adhesive)
Materials such as a solder material, an organic / inorganic bond, a copper paste, and a silver paste are not particularly limited, and the material, material, form, and amount of the adhesive do not matter. Any material can be used as long as the protective film, the semiconductor device, and the electrodes of the semiconductor device can be placed and fixed on the heat conductive substrate, and may have an adhesive function. Typically, bonding with a solder material is more preferable from the viewpoint of easy handling and little adverse effect on device characteristics. It should be noted that the above-mentioned mounting and fixing does not necessarily mean an immobile state, but also includes a case where the camera is mounted so as to be slightly vibrated or slidable. For example, a gel-like (gel-like) or jelly-like adhesive can also be used as the vibrable adhesive. You can also.
[0013]
(Thermal conductive substrate)
Typically, it refers to a substrate made of Cu / W (commonly referred to as copper tan) for heat radiation. The substrate is preferably a substrate having a certain level of mechanical strength and having a holding force, but it is also possible to use a flexible substrate such as a flexible substrate or a shape memory alloy, which is rich in flexibility and whose shape and shape can be changed. As the heat conductive substrate, other metals such as Al, Cu, W, etc., AlN, SiC, diamond, copper diamond, GaN, Si, etc. and mixed crystals, alloys, mixtures thereof, etc. can be used. As long as it is a substrate capable of dissipating heat, the material composition and shape of resins and glasses other than metals are not limited.
[0014]
(Glue)
Refers to joining to such an extent that heat radiation to the heat conductive substrate is not interrupted, regardless of indirect bonding or direct bonding. Further, it is not necessary that the entire surface of the electrode is adhered, but it is sufficient if only a very small portion is adhered. However, in order to more strongly improve the heat radiation characteristics, it is desirable that the electrode and the heat conductive substrate be bonded in as large an area as possible. In addition, the term “via an adhesive” means that the electrodes, the protective film, the adhesive, and the heat conductive substrate do not need to be all in the proper relationship and may be in the right material in the right place. In this case, it is sufficient that the adhesive is applied to such an extent that heat can be dissipated, and an adhesive or a protective film is provided as needed. In addition, a structure in which part or all of the semiconductor device main body other than the electrodes is bonded to the heat conductive substrate may be employed.
[0015]
(First electrode)
Typically, it refers to a source electrode and / or a drain electrode. In a bipolar transistor, it is typically referred to as an emitter electrode or a / collector electrode, but it differs depending on a grounding form, a use type, a use form, and the like, and may be a gate electrode or a base electrode.
Further, as long as it is a semiconductor functional element other than a transistor, it may be an electrode having another name such as a positive electrode and a negative electrode, and is not necessarily limited to the above. A part of or all of the electrode is covered with a protective film, and a part of or part of the electrode and / or the protective film is adhered to a heat conductive substrate via an adhesive.
[0016]
(On the side different from the first electrode)
In the present invention, at least a part of the first electrode is adhered to the heat conductive substrate. A different surface side other than the adhesive surface is referred to as a different surface side from the first electrode, and may have any shape such as a curved surface, a spherical surface, and a flat surface. If it is not the same surface as the bonding surface, it means that the surface is different from the first electrode.
[0017]
(Second electrode)
Typically, it refers to a gate electrode, but may be a base electrode in a bipolar transistor, and may be another electrode depending on the grounding type, usage type and usage form. Further, in the case of a semiconductor functional element other than a transistor, there is no problem even if other electrode names such as a positive electrode and a negative electrode are used. It is characterized in that it is provided on a surface different from the surface on which the first electrode is mounted, and the first electrode and the second electrode cooperate to input and output electric signals as an electronic functional element. Anything that constitutes the included function is included in this category. The shape of the electrode is not particularly limited, such as a T-shape or an I-shape. However, a T-shaped gate electrode is more preferable in terms of improving the characteristics of the operating frequency at a high frequency because the cross-sectional area of the electrode can be increased and the electrode resistance can be reduced. .
(The side facing the mounting surface on which the first electrode is mounted)
Typically, as shown in FIG. 4, FIG. 5, and FIG. 6, it is the sapphire substrate side, preferably the sapphire substrate or more preferably the surface from which the buffer layer has been removed, and more preferably the surface side having the concave portion. However, since it is a typical example, it is not limited to this typical example. The substrate on which the semiconductor device according to the present invention is provided may be a GaN-based substrate, a SiC substrate, a Si substrate, a GaAs substrate, an InP substrate, a GaP substrate, or the like, other than a sapphire substrate. The material composition, crystallinity, molecular atomic structure, and the like are not particularly limited as long as the substrate can form a semiconductor device such as a compound semiconductor or Ge.
[0018]
(Source electrode, drain electrode, gate electrode)
Typically, a current applied between a source and a drain can be controlled by a voltage applied to a source for supplying (or releasing) carriers, a drain for absorbing carriers, and a gate provided therebetween. The responsible electrodes are called a source electrode, a drain electrode, and a gate electrode, respectively. However, various types of transistors such as a bipolar type and a unipole type are known, and are not necessarily limited to the above. For example, in the case of a bipolar transistor, it can be applied to a source electrode, a drain electrode, and a gate electrode according to the present invention by the function of each of the three terminal electrodes of the collector, base, and emitter in use. It is. That is, the names of the respective electrodes are referred to as a source, a drain, and a gate by the respective functions of the three terminals of the transistor for amplifying the electric signal. Therefore, in the present invention, a bipolar transistor having a collector, a base, and an emitter is used. It is also applicable to this, and is not limited in any way to the name. More preferably, a source electrode, a drain electrode, and a gate electrode in a HEMT (high electron mobility transistor) are more preferable in terms of operating characteristics.
[0019]
(Buffer layer)
A buffer layer, which is typically called a buffer layer and is provided between two or more substances having different crystallinities and / or lattice constants and plays a role in alleviating a sudden change in physical property values between these substances, is called a buffer layer. That. As the buffer layer, for example, a material having a function of alleviating a sudden change in a property value between materials such as a GaN layer, an AlGaN layer, an AlN layer, an InGaN layer, an AlInGaN layer, a GaAs layer, an AlGaAs layer, and an InP layer, The present invention is not limited to the above materials, and embodiments such as crystal, amorphous (amorphous), and polycrystalline are not limited. As a typical embodiment, it is more preferable to use a low-temperature buffer layer made of GaN as a buffer by the buffer layer between the nitride-based semiconductor material and the sapphire substrate, but depending on the material composition and crystallinity of the substrate and the semiconductor device used, It can be appropriately selected and used, and is not limited in any way by the above description in practicing the present invention.
[0020]
(Parts removed)
Refers to the place where the buffer layer has been removed, that is, the place where the thickness is thinner than when the buffer layer was laminated. Good.
[0021]
(Recess)
Typically, it refers to a recess as shown in FIG. 4, but is not limited to this typical example. Further, a gate electrode forming portion such as a recess structure may be processed into a concave portion.
[0022]
(Covered with a protective film)
It is not necessary that all the electrodes be covered with the protective film. Further, the protective film does not need to be uniform, and there may be a positional difference in the thickness of the protective film, or a location-dependent difference in the material and physical properties of the protective film.
[0023]
In the case of a typical embodiment, it is preferable in terms of the physical properties of the HEMT that SiN be used as a protective film to be laminated by sputtering or the like. More preferably, a film containing an insulating film made of a niobium compound including a niobium oxide film may be used. Nb 2 O 5 As a niobium compound containing niobium, niobate (Nb 2 O 5 ・ NH 2 O) and niobium pentoxide (Nb) 2 O 5 ), Niobium hydrogen oxalate (Nb (HC2O4) 5 nH 2 O), niobium hydroxide (Nb 2 O 5 ・ NH 2 O), niobium ethoxide (Nb (OC 2 H 5 ) 5 ) And NbO as a niobium oxide film other than the above. 2 , NbO and the like are known. When used for nitride-based HEMTs, Nb 2 O 5 (Excluding hydrate) or NbO 2 Is preferable, and since it can be thinned, it can be considered that a protective film having excellent heat dissipation can be obtained, and it can be driven as a high-current high-frequency power HEMT.
Further, it can be formed as a multilayer film or a mixed film with a conventionally known SiNx-based insulating film (x is a numerical value of zero or more) or a SiOx (x is a numerical value of zero or more) -based insulating film.
[0024]
(Nitride-based semiconductor materials)
The nitride-based semiconductor material referred to in the present invention typically refers to a semiconductor material composed of (AlxInyGa1-xyN (0 ≦ x ≦ 1, 0 ≦ y ≦ 1, 0 ≦ x + y ≦ 1)). A semiconductor material containing (AlxInyGa1-xyN (0 ≦ x ≦ 1, 0 ≦ y ≦ 1, 0 ≦ x + y ≦ 1)) is also included in this. In addition, this material is not limited to the structure of a semiconductor device such as a mixed crystal, a multilayer film, and a hetero structure.
[0025]
(Surface side different from the mounting surface on which the source electrode and / or drain electrode is mounted)
As a typical example, as shown in FIGS. 4, 5 and 6, in this figure, the back side of the surface of the semiconductor device on which the source electrode and the drain electrode are mounted, that is, the side on which the sapphire substrate and the buffer layer are provided However, the present invention is not limited to this typical example.
[0026]
(Transistor)
This is a general name of an amplifier made of a semiconductor, and is defined as a three-terminal element having one or more barriers (typically, a pn junction or the like) and amplifying an electric signal. As the transistor, there are known a bipolar transistor in which both electrons and holes as carriers are involved in the operation, and a unipolar transistor in which only one determines the operation. A bipolar transistor is a current control type in which an output current is controlled by an input current, while a unipolar transistor is a voltage control type element in which an output current is controlled by an input voltage. The unipolar transistor is called a field effect transistor, and includes a junction gate type, an insulated gate type typified by a MOSFET, a metal-semiconductor junction (MES FET), a thin film structure (TFT), and the like depending on an electrode structure. A bipolar transistor is a current control type semiconductor amplifier having three terminal electrodes of an emitter, a base, and a collector, and both electrons and holes are involved in the operation. Depending on the combination of junctions, there are a PNP type, an NPN type and a ground type, a base ground, an emitter ground, a collector ground and the like. In taking the configuration of the present invention, the types of transistors are not limited to the above and are not limited.
[0027]
(The gate electrode is placed in the recess)
Typically, this means a placement state in which the gate electrode is placed at a location where a concave portion is provided as shown in FIG. 4C, but is not limited to FIG. 4C. When placed in the concave portion, by adjusting the depth of the concave portion in the concave portion forming step or the like, it becomes possible to adjust the operation level of the control voltage or control current of the semiconductor device, typically a transistor such as HEMT, The operation level can be set by the depth of the concave portion without depending on the size, thickness, material, and the like of the semiconductor device main body, so that utility as an electronic functional element is significantly improved, which is preferable. In addition, the recess structure has an effect of greatly reducing the parasitic resistance of the transistor, and can improve the amplification characteristics and high-frequency characteristics of the element.
[0028]
(A part where at least a part of the buffer layer is removed)
The entire thickness of the buffer layer may be removed, or a part of the thickness may be removed. It is also possible to remove only a part of the buffer layer laminating surface, or to remove uniformly or non-uniformly over the entire buffer layer laminating surface. By providing an electrode at a position where the buffer lamination surface is removed to some extent, an adverse effect of the buffer layer, that is, typically, a leak current or an off current can be reduced, so that the electrical characteristics of the semiconductor device can be improved. It is expected that the adhesion and the degree of adhesion between the electrode and the semiconductor layer are also improved. As a typical example, the structures shown in FIGS. 4, 5 and 6 show a structure in which the buffer layer is completely removed, but the present invention is not limited to this.
[0029]
(Niobium oxide film)
Generally, it is a compound represented by NbOx (x is a number greater than or equal to zero). Typical examples are NbO, NbO 2 , Nb 2 O 5 However, the present invention is not limited to the above, since various forms of compounds including these hydrates exist. FIG. 7 shows an example of the result of comparative evaluation of the current leak characteristics of the insulating film using the niobium oxide film with the SiN insulating film. FIG. 7 shows the results of measurement of the leakage current when the SiN thin film and the niobium oxide thin film were formed on the nitride-based semiconductor layer by sputtering, respectively. As shown in FIG. It has good insulating properties as compared with the film, and has a nitride-based semiconductor (among which, among others, AlGaN, more preferably Al 0.2 Ga 0.8 Regarding the relationship with N), the niobium oxide film has a particularly good insulating property with less current leakage by about two orders of magnitude as compared with SiN even though the niobium oxide film is an ultrathin film having a thickness less than half of the SiN film thickness. You can understand that you are doing. FIG. 7 shows only a typical example of the insulating properties of the niobium oxide film, and it has been found that the niobium oxide film has good insulating properties even in the MIS (metal / insulating film / semiconductor) structure. And is very excellent as an insulating protective film for a semiconductor element such as a HEMT. Further, it is considered that similar excellent insulating properties are exhibited in an aspect such as an MIM (metal / insulating film / metal) structure. The niobium oxide film (NbOx film) shown in FIG. 7 is typically formed under the sputtering conditions shown in FIG. 8 as a typical example. Although not clearly evaluated and specified, in this typical example, Nb 2 O 5 Membrane (excluding hydrate) or NbO 2 We believe it is likely to be a membrane.
[0030]
【Example】
(Example)
(Crystal growth)
Hereinafter, the first embodiment will be described in detail with reference to FIG. An element is formed on a sapphire substrate using MOCVD in a crystal growth apparatus. First, the sapphire substrate (C surface) 46 is set in the MOCVD reaction furnace, and the substrate surface of the sapphire substrate (C surface) 46 is raised to 1050 ° C. in a hydrogen atmosphere, and the substrate is cleaned while flowing hydrogen. do. Subsequently, the substrate temperature is lowered to 510 ° C., and a buffer layer 45 made of GaN is grown to a thickness of about 200 ° on the substrate 46 using hydrogen as a carrier gas and TMG (trimethylgallium) and an ammonia gas as source gases. . Subsequently, after growing the buffer layer 45, only TMG (trimethyl gallium) is stopped, and the substrate temperature is raised to 1050 ° C. When the substrate temperature reaches 1050 ° C., an undoped GaN layer 44 is grown to a thickness of 3 μm using TMG and ammonia gas as the source gas. Next, at a substrate temperature of 1050 ° C., TMG, TMA (trimethylaluminum), and ammonia gas were used as source gases, and an AlN mixed crystal ratio of 0.2 was used. 0.2 Ga 0.8 An undoped AlGaN layer 43 made of N is grown to a thickness of 50 °. Subsequently, at a substrate temperature of 1050 ° C., TMG, TMA, and ammonia gas were used as source gases, silane gas was used as an impurity gas, and 2 × 10 18 / Cm 3 Al doped with an Al mixed crystal ratio of 0.2 0.2 Ga 0.8 An n-type AlGaN layer 43 of N is grown to a thickness of about 100 °. This Si-doped n-type Al 0.2 Ga 0.8 It is considered that the N layer 43 becomes a carrier supply layer. After completion of the reaction, the temperature is lowered to room temperature, and the wafer is taken out of the reaction vessel.
[0031]
(Photolithography process)
First, in order to insulate parts other than the element formation region, SiO 2 2 Is formed to a thickness of about 0.5 μm over the entire surface using a plasma CVD apparatus. Next, after applying the resist using a spin coater, the resist is patterned by pattern exposure. Then, using CF4 gas, the RIE device 2 Is etched into a predetermined shape, and SiO 2 Form a mask. Next, SiO 2 Is used to etch the AlGaN layer and the GaN layer as element isolation using a plasma RIE device. 2 Etching is performed at an output of 320 W for 260 seconds while maintaining the pressure at 16 Pa in an atmosphere. As a source / drain electrode, Ti / Al is set to 0.5 Pa in an Ar atmosphere using a magnetron sputtering apparatus, and Ti is sputtered at 100 W at 300 W and Al at 3000 W at 500 W to form an electrode. Thereafter, lift-off is performed, and annealing is performed at 600 ° C. for 10 minutes in a nitrogen gas atmosphere. Next, an insulating film and an adhesive material are applied on the entire surface. (FIG. 4 (a)) The insulating film is for preventing the source / drain electrodes from being short-circuited. As it is, the bonded substrate and the adhesive material (metal in this embodiment) for the bonded substrate have conductivity. is there. The insulating film is made of SiN by using an ECR sputtering apparatus and Ar gas of 20 sccm and N 2 The SiN film was formed by blowing Si at 300 W while flowing gas at 5 sccm. Next, Ti / Pt / Au / Sn / Au is sputtered as an adhesive material. Next, a substrate made of Cu / W sputtered with Ti / Pt / Pd as an adhesive is used as a high thermal conductive substrate, and the sapphire substrate is bonded with an excimer laser by pressing the adhesive surfaces of both adhesives and heating them. Peel and polish the peeled surface. (FIG. 4 (b)) Thereafter, Cl is etched using an ICP etching apparatus with the above-described resist mask. 2 Implement with a gas to expose the source / drain electrodes. Further, the gate portion is similarly formed with a resist mask to form Cl. 2 Excavation is performed by ICP etching using gas. (FIG. 4 (c)) Thereby, the distance from the gate to 2DES is shortened, and the gate bias becomes easy to use. Then, Ni / Au is maintained at a pressure of 0.12 Pa in an Ar atmosphere using a magnetron sputtering apparatus, and after forming Ni at 1000 W at an output of 300 W, forming a 1500 ° Au film at an output of 200 W. Subsequently, the substrate is immersed in acetone to lift off the resist, and then washed with water. The Ni Schottky electrode is used as a gate electrode. (FIG. 4 (d))
(Packaging)
After the device process is completed, the chip is mounted on a package. Note that a wire bonder is used to stretch the wire.
[0032]
(Second embodiment)
As shown in FIG. 5, it is also possible to form a via structure by penetrating an electrode through the heat conductive substrate. Before bonding in the device process, a hole is made in the thermally conductive substrate and metal is filled into it. Others are the same as Example 1. Further, the electron supply layer (typically, n-type AlGaN) of the HEMT is not limited to the embodiment, and the electron arrival time is shortened by reducing the thickness to about 2.5 nm or less, thereby increasing the aspect ratio and suppressing the short channel effect. It is also possible to adopt a structure more suitable for high-speed operation such as suppression of leakage current.
[0033]
(Third embodiment)
As shown in FIG. 6, the device was manufactured in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the gate electrode was placed without forming a concave portion at the gate electrode installation location. As a result, good HEMT drive characteristics were observed, but a tendency was observed that the gate bias characteristics were slightly higher than in Example 1.
[0034]
For the back electrode of the heat conductive substrate, a method of forming a metal electrode on the side surface of the high heat conductive substrate by wraparound metallization to secure conduction with the HEMT may be used. However, these examples are only examples of the embodiment. And is not intended to limit the present invention.
In the present embodiment, the structure is such that no wiring is provided on the semiconductor element bonding surface side of the heat conductive substrate. This eliminates the need for precise alignment at the time of joining and bonding the semiconductor element and the thermally conductive substrate, thereby improving workability, improving yield, and stabilizing element characteristics. In addition, if the electrical connection to the semiconductor element is made through a wire line, the position and shape of the electrode on the substrate to be wired from the transistor can be freely designed, and heat can be radiated from the electrode through the wire line. In addition, it is preferable because the inductance component can be adjusted by the length of the wire and matching can be achieved.
[0035]
Furthermore, if wiring is performed on the back side of the heat conductive substrate, that is, on the side opposite to the semiconductor element bonding side, the wiring area of the substrate is increased and the design flexibility is improved. Can be provided, heat radiation characteristics are improved, and pads for wire bonding are not required, which is suitable for miniaturization. There is also an advantage that the inductance component due to the wire and the capacitance component between the wires and between the semiconductor element bodies can be reduced.
[0036]
Further, according to the present invention, the heat conductive substrate and the semiconductor element are bonded to each other with a protective film interposed therebetween, whereby the surface state of the semiconductor element can be passivated and the electric characteristics are improved rather than deteriorated. It is more preferable to use SiN for the protective film. Further, the distance between the electrode and the heat conductive substrate is, for example, SiO 2 2 And the thickness of the SiN protective film can be controlled, so that the heat radiation characteristics can be improved by making the thickness as thin as possible. Here, in order to improve the heat dissipation characteristics by making the insulating film thinner, the insulating film including the niobium oxide film has very good insulating properties. For example, the insulating film including the niobium oxide film for the drain electrode and the source electrode of the HEMT. A film thickness of about 2 nm is particularly preferable because a sufficient insulating function is exhibited. In addition, a thin film having a two-layer structure in which SiN having good surface passivation is used as a protective film on the semiconductor element side and an insulating film containing a niobium oxide film having good insulating properties is used as a protective film on the heat conductive substrate side. And passivation and insulation can be achieved at a high level, which is very preferable.
[0037]
[Effects of the present invention]
According to the present invention, even in a high-power electronic functional device, good device characteristics can be secured stably without being affected by a heat generation problem caused by high power, deterioration of the device life and malfunction due to heat are prevented, and furthermore, the off current is reduced. It is possible to manufacture a HEMT having very good gate bias electric characteristics such as reduction.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a conventional sectional view of a flip-chip type GaAs HEMT.
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Semiconductor substrate, 2 ... Assembly board, 3 ... Ground pattern for transmission lines (or for HEMT), 4 ... Small projecting bump electrodes, 5 ... HEMT, 6a ... Line, 6b: Ground pattern, 6c: Signal line of assembly board, 7: MIM capacitor, 14: Signal line for transmission line, 15: Bridge, 16: Bias circuit for HEMT
FIG. 2A is a sectional view of a signal line portion of a conventional GaAs-based flip-chip HEMT.
(B) Plan view on a GaAs HEMT formation surface of a conventional semiconductor substrate
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a conventional GaN-based HEMT structure.
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of fabricating a nitride semiconductor HEMT according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
41: Source electrode and drain electrode, 42: Protective film, 43: AlGaN layer, 44: Bulk GaN layer (including channel layer), 45: Buffer layer, 46: Sapphire substrate , 47 ... High thermal conductive substrate, 48 ... Gate electrode, 49 ... Electrode wiring wire
FIG. 5 is a schematic structural view of a nitride HEMT according to a second embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 6 is a schematic structural view of a nitride HEMT according to a third embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 7 is a typical comparative example of current leak characteristics between a SiN film and a niobium oxide film.
FIG. 8 shows an example of conditions for forming a niobium oxide film.

Claims (10)

少なくとも2つ以上の電極を有し、保護膜で覆われ接着剤を介して熱伝導性基板に接着される1つ以上の第一の電極と、該第一の電極とは異なる面側に載置された第二の電極を有することを特徴とする半導体装置。One or more first electrodes having at least two or more electrodes, covered with a protective film, and adhered to a heat conductive substrate via an adhesive, and mounted on a surface different from the first electrodes. A semiconductor device having a second electrode disposed thereon. 前記第二の電極が載置される第一の電極とは異なる面側が、前記第一の電極が載置される載置面に対する対向面側であることを特徴とする請求項1記載の半導体装置。2. The semiconductor according to claim 1, wherein the surface different from the first electrode on which the second electrode is mounted is a surface facing the mounting surface on which the first electrode is mounted. apparatus. 前記第一の電極がソース電極又は/及びドレイン電極であり、前記第二の電極がゲート電極である請求項1及び請求項2記載の半導体装置。3. The semiconductor device according to claim 1, wherein said first electrode is a source electrode and / or a drain electrode, and said second electrode is a gate electrode. 前記第二の電極が少なくともバッファ層の一部又は全部を除去してなる部位に載置される請求項1乃至請求項3記載の半導体装置。4. The semiconductor device according to claim 1, wherein the second electrode is mounted on a portion formed by removing at least a part or the whole of the buffer layer. 5. 前記第二の電極が載置される部位が凹部である請求項1乃至請求項4記載の半導体装置。The semiconductor device according to claim 1, wherein a portion on which the second electrode is mounted is a concave portion. 少なくとも保護膜で覆われたソース電極及び/又はドレイン電極の一部/又は全部が熱伝導性基板上に接着剤を介して接着されていることを特徴とする窒化物系半導体材料からなるトランジスタ。A transistor made of a nitride-based semiconductor material, characterized in that at least a part and / or the whole of a source electrode and / or a drain electrode covered with a protective film is bonded on a heat conductive substrate via an adhesive. ゲート電極が前記ソース電極又は/及びドレイン電極が載置される載置面とは異なる面側に設けられることを特徴とする請求項6記載のトランジスタ。7. The transistor according to claim 6, wherein the gate electrode is provided on a surface side different from the mounting surface on which the source electrode and / or the drain electrode is mounted. 前記ゲート電極が載置される、前記ソース電極又は/及びドレイン電極が載置される載置面とは異なる面側の少なくともその一部が凹部を有すると共に、該凹部に該ゲート電極が載置されていることを特徴とする請求項7記載のトランジスタ。At least a portion of the surface side on which the gate electrode is mounted, which is different from the mounting surface on which the source electrode and / or the drain electrode is mounted, has a concave portion, and the gate electrode is mounted on the concave portion. The transistor according to claim 7, wherein: 前記ゲート電極がバッファ層の少なくとも一部を除去した部位に載置される請求項7乃至請求項8記載のトランジスタ。9. The transistor according to claim 7, wherein the gate electrode is mounted on a portion where at least a part of the buffer layer is removed. 前記保護膜が少なくともニオブ酸化膜を含む絶縁膜を含有する請求項1乃至請求項9に記載の半導体装置又はトランジスタ。The semiconductor device or the transistor according to claim 1, wherein the protective film includes an insulating film including at least a niobium oxide film.
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