JP2004315903A - Fine-grained cemented carbide - Google Patents

Fine-grained cemented carbide Download PDF

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Publication number
JP2004315903A
JP2004315903A JP2003112104A JP2003112104A JP2004315903A JP 2004315903 A JP2004315903 A JP 2004315903A JP 2003112104 A JP2003112104 A JP 2003112104A JP 2003112104 A JP2003112104 A JP 2003112104A JP 2004315903 A JP2004315903 A JP 2004315903A
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Japan
Prior art keywords
metal
sample
cemented carbide
fine
weight
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JP2003112104A
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Japanese (ja)
Inventor
Kazuhiro Hirose
和弘 広瀬
Naoya Omori
直也 大森
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Sumitomo Electric Industries Ltd
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Sumitomo Electric Industries Ltd
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Priority to JP2003112104A priority Critical patent/JP2004315903A/en
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Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide fine-grained cemented carbide in which alloy structure is uniformly refined and grain growth of hard phase is suppressed to a greater extent and which has excellent strength and toughness. <P>SOLUTION: The fine-grained cemented carbide consists of a hard phase and the balance consisting of a binder phase, additive agents, and inevitable impurities and has ≥20 coercive force Hc(kA/m). WC is contained as the hard phase, and 2 to 15 wt.% Co is contained as the binder phase. As the additive agents, both of a first metal consisting of one or more elements selected from Ti, Zr, Hf, Nb, and Al and a second metal consisting of one or more elements selected from Cr, Ta, and V are contained. The first metal is used in a total quantity of 0.01 to 5 wt.% and added in the form of one or more kinds selected from metals as simple substances, solid solutions thereof, compounds with one or more elements selected from carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, and boron, and complex compounds. The weight ratio of the total quantity of the second metal to the binder phase is made to 0.02 to 0.5. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2005,JPO&NCIPI

Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、微粒超硬合金及びこの超硬合金を利用した切削工具に関するものである。特に、組織を微細化して強度を向上させると共に、硬質相の粒成長を抑制して突発的な破損や欠損を低減することができる微粒超硬合金、及びこの超硬合金を利用した切削工具に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
従来、合金組織の平均粒径が1μm未満である、いわゆる微粒超硬合金は、強度が高いため、広く使用されている。しかし、微粒の超硬合金原料を用いて微粒超硬合金を作製しても、使用によっては、突発的な破損や欠損が発生することがある。この主要な原因として、現在使用されている粒成長抑制剤を用いても完全には粒成長を抑制することができず、粒成長した粗大な硬質相が欠陥となり、合金特性、工具においては切削特性を著しく低下させることが知られている。超硬合金は、通常、液相焼結であり、焼結中に結合相が液相状態になり、この液相中に固溶、拡散した硬質相が冷却工程で再析出することにより2μm以上といった粗大な粒子に成長する、いわゆるオストワルド成長による粒成長を起こすことがある。この粒成長の制御は、1μm未満の超微粒原料を用いた場合により困難になり、焼結体の組織が希望よりも大きくなり、思っていた硬度や強度が得られない恐れがある。
【0003】
そこで、従来、種々の粒成長の抑制剤を合金組成に添加する検討がなされている。一般に、V、Cr、Taが最も粒成長抑制の効果が大きく、これらの元素を単体、又は炭化物、窒化物などの化合物で適量添加することで、粒成長の抑制が図られている(例えば、特許文献1、2、3参照)。
【0004】
【特許文献1】
特開2001−115229号公報(特許請求の範囲参照)
【特許文献2】
特開2001−335876号公報(特許請求の範囲参照)
【特許文献3】
特開2001−269809号公報(特許請求の範囲参照)
【0005】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
しかし、V、Cr、Taの適量添加では、現実には粒成長が起こり、強度の低下を引き起こすため、粒成長をより効果的に抑制することが求められている。
【0006】
そこで、本発明の主目的は、合金組織の平均的な微細化と共に硬質相の粒成長をより抑制して、強度と靭性との双方に優れる微粒超硬合金を提供することにある。また、本発明の別の目的は、この微粒超硬合金を利用した切削工具を提供することにある。
【0007】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明は、抗磁力を規定すると共に、合金組織の微細化を促す添加剤として、V、Cr、Taから選択される少なくとも1種に加えて、Ti、Zr、Hf、Nb、Alから選択される少なくとも1種を含有させることで上記の目的を達成する。
【0008】
即ち、本発明は、硬質相と、残部が結合相、添加剤及び不可避的不純物からなる微粒超硬合金であって、以下を特徴とする。抗磁力Hc(kA/m)が20以上である。前記硬質相として、WCを含有し、前記結合相として、Coを2重量%〜15重量%含有する。更に、前記添加剤として、Ti、Zr、Hf、Nb、Alから選択される1種以上の第一金属と、Cr、Ta、Vから選択される1種以上の第二金属との双方を含有する。前記第一金属は、総量で0.01重量%〜5重量%とし、金属単体、これらの固溶体、炭素、窒素、酸素、硼素から選択される1種以上との化合物及び複合化合物から選択される1種以上で添加させる。また、前記第二金属の総量の結合相に対する重量比を0.02〜0.5とする。
【0009】
発明者らは、硬質相の成長の抑制について様々な粒成長の抑制剤、及びその組合せと結合相量との関係について検討を繰り返した結果、以下の知見を得た。即ち、従来知られているV、Cr、Taといった粒成長抑制剤に加えて、Ti、Zr、Hf、Nb、Alといった金属元素を特定量含有させることで、粗大な硬質相の生成を効果的に抑えるだけでなく、更には、これら金属元素を含有しない場合と比較して合金組織の平均粒径をも格段に小さくできる、というものである。従来、V、Cr、Ta以外の金属元素は、粒成長抑制の効果が小さい、或いはほとんどなく、微粒超硬合金に含有されることがなかった。これに対し、本発明者らは、添加剤として最適な元素、最適な量、最適な元素の添加方法を見出し、これまでに成し得なかったような粒成長抑制の効果を発揮することを実現する。
【0010】
本発明は、上記知見に基づくものであり、添加剤として上記第一金属及び第二金属の双方を含有することで、粗大な硬質相の存在個数をより低減すると同時に、合金組織の平均粒径の微細化を図る。従って、本発明微粒超硬合金は、合金組織が非常に微細化された状態であり、かつ粗大な粒子の存在数が少ない状態であることから、硬度の向上を可能にすると共に、突発的な破損や欠損の発生を低減することができ、優れた強度と靭性との両立を実現する。以下、本発明をより詳しく説明する。
【0011】
本発明微粒超硬合金は、硬質相としてWC(炭化タングステン)を含有し、結合相として鉄系金属、特にCo(コバルト)を含有する。そして、本発明微粒超硬合金では、抗磁力Hc(kA/m)が20以上であることが重要である。抗磁力(保磁力)は、硬質相の平均粒径を示す指標となり得るものであり、硬質相であるWC粒子間に存在する結合相のCoと相関関係がある。
【0012】
具体的には、例えば、Coの物理的組成が一定である場合、Co層の厚み(平均自由行程)が小さいほど、即ち、Co層の表面積が大きいほど、抗磁力が大きくなる。Co層の厚みが小さいと、合金組織中にCoの凝集部分がほとんど存在せず、抗磁力が高くなる。Co層の厚みを変化させるには、例えば、硬質相であるWC粒子の粒度が一定の場合、Coの含有量を変化させること、Coの含有量を一定とする場合、WC粒子の粒度を変化させることが挙げられる。前者の場合、Coの含有量を少なくすると、抗磁力を大きくできる。後者の場合、WC粒子を小さくすると、抗磁力を大きくできる。このように硬質相の粒度によって、Co層の厚みを変化させて、抗磁力を変化させることができる。
【0013】
また、Coの物理的組成は、焼結条件(温度など)によって変化させることができる。焼結条件によって、Coに対する硬質相の固溶度及び硬質相の粒成長の度合いが変化する。具体的には、超硬合金全体に対するCoの含有量が一定の場合、焼結温度を低くすると、上記固溶度が大きくなると共に、硬質相などが粒成長しにくくなり、抗磁力を大きくできる。
【0014】
そして、本発明者らが検討した結果、抗磁力Hcが20kA/m未満の場合、理由は不明であるが、後述する第一金属を適量添加しても、粒成長抑制効果が小さい又はほとんどなく、硬度の向上が認められない。また、焼結条件によってCoに対する硬質相などの固溶度を小さくしたり、固溶した硬質相などを過度に粒成長させても、硬度の向上が認められない。そこで、本発明では、抗磁力Hc(kA/m)を20以上に規定する。抗磁力Hcを20kA/m以上とするには、例えば、Coの含有量を規定の範囲内で多めにする場合、硬質相の平均粒径を1.2μm以下、特に、1.0μm以下にすることが挙げられる。このとき、粒成長による粗大化をより低減するために、硬質相となるWC原料粉末を平均粒径がより小さいもの、例えば、平均粒径が1.2μm以下、特に1.0μm以下のものを用いてもよいし、粉砕工程によってWC原料粉末を微細化してもよい。また、Coの含有量を規定の範囲内に含有させ、WC原料粉末の粒径によらず、焼結温度を低めにすることが挙げられる。
【0015】
本発明超硬合金では、上記のように結合相としてCoを含有させる。Coのみとしてもよいが、Niが含有されていてもよい。そして、Coの含有量を2重量%以上15重量%以下と規定する。2重量%未満であると、従来用いられている粒成長抑制剤(第二金属)の他に第三の元素(第一金属)を含有させることで、逆に強度が低下する傾向にある。15重量%超であると、Ti、Zr、Hf、Nb、Alから選択される少なくとも1種を含有させても、粒成長が起こり粗大な硬質相(WC)の発生頻度を低下させにくく、粒成長抑制効果が小さい。これは、硬度の低下を引き起こさない程度に第三の元素(第一金属)を添加しても、Coが多いことでCo中にWが多分に固溶し、再析出現象を引き起こすためであると考えられる。
【0016】
本発明超硬合金では、更に、合金組織中におけるWCの粒成長の抑制をより図るべく、添加剤として第一金属を含有する。第一金属は、Ti、Zr、Hf、Nb、Alから選択される1種以上の金属とする。また、本発明では、上記金属の含有量を総量で0.01重量%以上5重量%以下と規定する。0.01重量%未満であると、粒成長抑制効果が得られにくい。5重量%超であると、合金組織中にTi、Zr、Hf、Nb、Alの化合物(炭化物、窒化物、炭窒化物、炭酸窒化物、硼化物など)、特に粗大な化合物が析出して、強度の低下を引き起こし易い。この理由は明らかではないが、5重量%超では、Co中への各元素の固溶サイトが飽和するためであると考えられる。そして、本発明において第一金属は、合金組織中において後述する第二金属と同時に存在することが重要である。また、第一金属は、金属単体、これらの固溶体、炭素、窒素、酸素、硼素から選択される1種以上との化合物及び複合化合物から選択される1種以上で添加することが好適である。即ち、合金原料として、金属単体を用いてもよいし、第一金属からなる固溶体を用いてもよいし、第一金属と炭素などとの化合物や複合化合物を用いてもよい。
【0017】
第一金属は、特にTiが好ましい。Tiを0.01重量%〜5重量%含有することで、本発明に規定する特定のWC、Coを含有する微粒超硬合金において、保磁力が著しく高くなる。合金組織の平均粒径を著しく小さくすることができ、切削工具に用いた際、工具の耐摩耗性と耐欠損性の向上が可能である。
【0018】
本発明超硬合金では、更に、合金組織の平均粒径の微細化をより図るべく、添加剤として第二金属を含有する。第二金属は、Cr、Ta、Vから選択される1種以上の金属とする。また、本発明では、結合相(例えば、Co)(重量%)に対する第二金属の総量(重量%)の重量比を0.02以上0.5以下に規定する。重量比が0.02より小さいと、粒成長抑制の効果が得られにくく、やはり粒成長を引き起こし、切削工具に用いた場合、工具強度が低下してしまう恐れがある。重量比が0.5よりも大きくても、工具寿命が著しく低下する。これは、第二金属が多すぎることで、脆化相を形成して析出することが原因であると考えられる。また、第二金属は、金属単体、炭素、窒素から選択される1種以上との化合物から選択される1種以上で添加することが好適である。即ち、合金原料として、金属単体を用いてもよいし、第二金属の炭化物、窒化物、炭窒化物を用いてもよい。
【0019】
なお、粗大な硬質相の存在個数をより低減すると共に、合金組織の平均粒径の微細化できる構成としては、以下の構成でもよい。即ち、硬質相と、残部が結合相、添加剤及び不可避的不純物からなる微粒超硬合金であって、前記硬質相として、平均粒径1.2μm以下のWCを含有し、前記結合相として、Coを2重量%〜15重量%含有し、前記添加剤として、Ti、Zr、Hf、Nb、Alから選択される1種以上の第一金属と、Cr、Ta、Vから選択される1種以上の第二金属との双方を含有する。前記第一金属は、総量で0.01重量%〜5重量%であり、金属単体、これらの固溶体、炭素、窒素、酸素、硼素から選択される1種以上との化合物及び複合化合物から選択される1種以上で添加され、前記第二金属の総量の結合相に対する重量比が0.02〜0.5である。特に、WCの平均粒径は、1.0μm以下が好ましい。
【0020】
上記構成を具える超硬合金は、切削工具の母材に用いることが好適である。例えば、ドリル、エンドミル、ルーター、リーマーなどの回転工具、マイクロドリルなどのプリント基板加工用回転工具、アルミニウムや鋼などの旋削加工を行うスローアウェイチップなどの旋削加工用工具が挙げられる。上記超硬合金を母材に用いた切削工具は、母材の部分的にではなく全体において粗大な硬質相が低減されることで破壊の起点が少なく、耐折損性、耐欠損性の向上が望まれると共に、母材の全体に亘る合金組織の均一的な微細化により、強度の向上をも望まれるため、良好な切削性能を発揮する。特に、マイクロドリルは、プリント基板の穴あけなどに用いられる工具であり、ドリル径:φ0.1〜0.3mmといった極小径のものが従来主に使用されている。このように極小径であることで、母材全体の合金組織が微細でかつ均質でないと、組織中の粗大な硬質相を起点とした破壊や折損が生じ易い。従って、マイクロドリルの母材として上記構成の微粒超硬合金を用いると、その性能が活かされ、従来と比較して良好な結果が期待される。また、上記構成を具える超硬合金を用いた旋削加工用工具も、突発的な刃先の飛びなどを防止することで耐チッピング性の向上が望まれると共に、高強度による耐摩耗性の向上も望まれるため、優れた切削性能を発揮する。
【0021】
上記切削工具において、更に安定した切削性能を発揮するべく、工具表面には、少なくとも一層の硬質膜を被覆することが好ましい。特に、硬質膜は、周期律表の4a、5a、6a族金属、A1及びSiから選択される1種以上の元素と炭素、窒素、酸素及び硼素から選択される1種以上の非金属元素との化合物、DLC(ダイヤモンドライクカーボン)及びダイヤモンドよりなる群から選択される1種であることが望ましい。即ち、セラミック膜、DLC膜、ダイヤモンド膜の少なくとも1種の層を被覆することが好ましい。セラミック膜としては、例えば、TiC、TiN、TiCN、TiSiN、TiAlN、CrN、TiB、TiBN、ZrC、ZrO、HfC、HfN、Al、SiC、SiO、Siなどが挙げられる。また、セラミック膜の総平均厚み、DLC膜の平均厚み、ダイヤモンド膜の平均厚みは、いずれも0.1μm以上が好ましい。セラミック膜の総平均厚み、DLC膜の平均厚み、ダイヤモンド膜の平均厚みが0.1μm未満では、コーティングすることによる耐摩耗性の改善効果が少ないからである。このような硬質膜は、公知のCVD法またはPVD法により形成すればよい。
【0022】
【発明の実施の形態】
以下、本発明の実施の形態を説明する。
(実施例1)
平均粒径1.0〜4.0μmのWC原料粉末、Co原料粉末、表1〜3に示す組成のCr、V、Taの化合物粉末、Ti、Zr、Hf、Nb、Alの化合物粉末、及び適当量の粉末Cを表1〜3に示す添加量(重量%)で配合し、ボールミルで24時間混合を基準に5〜48時間の任意の時間で粉砕、混合した。それから、スプレードライヤーを用いて乾燥、造粒を行った後、プレス成形し、1400℃で焼結して表1〜3に示す組成の試験片を作製した。試験片は、各試料に対して、複数作製した。
試料No.21〜30は、それぞれ試料No.1〜10と同様の種類の原料粉末を用い、添加量を異ならせた試料であり、末尾が同じ番号の試料(例えば、試料No.1と試料No.21)は、同じ条件で、混合、粉砕、焼結を行った。試料No.31〜50はTi、Zr、Hf、Nb、Alの化合物粉末を用いなかった試料であり、試料No.31〜40は、試料No.1〜10と末尾が同じ番号の試料と同じ条件で、混合、粉砕、焼結を行った。試料No.41〜50は、試料No.11〜20と末尾が同じ番号の試料と同じ条件で、混合、粉砕、焼結を行った。試料No.51〜55は、平均粒径が大きめのWC原料粉末を用い、粉砕時間を短かめにした(10時間)。試料No.56、57は、平均粒径が小さめのWC原料粉末を用い、粉砕時間を短くし(10時間)、高温(1450℃)で焼結した。試料No.58は、平均粒径が大きめのWC原料粉末を用い、基準の24時間で混合し、低温(1380℃)で焼結した。このように各試料の抗磁力Hcは、WC原料粉末の平均粒径を変化させたり、粉砕時間を変化させたりすることで大きさを変えた。
【0023】
【表1】

Figure 2004315903
【0024】
【表2】
Figure 2004315903
【0025】
【表3】
Figure 2004315903
【0026】
得られた試験片において、Cr、Ta、Vの総含有量、Coの含有量、Ti、Zr、Hf、Nb、Alの総含有量を調べるべく、各試料の試験片の1本をとり、それぞれICP(誘導結合プラズマ発光分析)にて分析した。各分析値(重量%)を表4〜6に示す。また、各試験片の表面をSEMにて8000倍で観察し、その観察画像をコンピューターに取り込み、画像解析装置にて解析して、25mmの範囲に存在するWCの粒径(μm)を測定し、これらの平均を求めた。求めたWCの平均粒径(μm)も併せて表4〜6に示す。
【0027】
【表4】
Figure 2004315903
【0028】
【表5】
Figure 2004315903
【0029】
【表6】
Figure 2004315903
【0030】
得られた各試料に対して、試験片をそれぞれ6本ずつとり、各試験片に抗折力試験を行い、6本の抗折力の平均値TRS(GPa)と、標準偏差σ(値のばらつき)を求めた。また、合わせて硬度Hv(GPa)を求めた。その結果を表7に示す。この試験における評価では、抗折力の平均値が高く、かつ標準偏差が小さいほど良好な合金、即ち強度が高い合金といえる。
【0031】
【表7】
Figure 2004315903
【0032】
表7に示すようにTi、Zr、Hf、Nb、Alから選択される1種以上の第一金属と、Cr、Ta、Vから選択される1種以上の第二金属との双方を特定量含有する試料No.1〜20、58は、第二金属のみを含有する試料No.31〜50と比較して、抗折力の平均値が高く、かつ標準偏差が小さいことがわかる。従って、試料No.1〜20、58は、優れた強度の合金であるといえる。
【0033】
また、第一金属及び第二金属の双方を含有していても、Coが2重量%未満である試料No.24、Coが15重量%超である試料No.25、第一金属の総含有量が0.01重量%未満である試料No.21、第一金属の総含有量が5重量%超の試料No.22、23、第二金属の含有重量比((Cr+Ta+V)/Co)が0.02未満の試料No.26、27、第二金属の含有重量比が0.5超の試料No.28〜30では、試料No.1〜10と末尾の番号が同じ各試料と比較した場合、抗折力の平均値が高くても、標準偏差が大きかったり、逆に標準偏差が小さくても、抗折力の平均値が低いことがわかる。また、粗粒のWCを原料とした抗磁力が小さい試料No.51〜55は、抗折力の平均値が低い上に、標準偏差も大きい傾向にあり、試料No.1〜20と比較して、強度が低いことがわかる。同様に粗粒のWCを原料として焼結温度を高めにした抗磁力が小さい試料No.56、57は、抗折力の平均値は高いが、標準偏差も大きい。一方、同様に粗粒のWCを原料としたが焼結温度を低めにして抗磁力が大きい試料No.58は、試料No.1〜20と同様に抗折力の平均値が高く、かつ標準偏差が小さいことがわかる。
【0034】
(実施例2)
実施例1と同様の組成の原料粉末を用いて、φ11.0mmのドリルを作製した。ドリルは、実施例1と同様に粉砕、混合した後、乾燥、造粒を行い、φ15mmの丸棒にプレス成形し、1400℃で焼結した後、1320℃でHIP処理を施し、外周加工(溝加工)を行うことで作製した。
【0035】
作製したドリルにより穴あけ試験を行い、切削評価を行った。被削材は、SUS304とし、切削条件は、切削速度V=60m/min(回転数N=1737/min)、送り量f=0.20mm/rev.、切込み深さd=15mm(貫通)、切削油使用(湿式)とした。切削評価は、折損するまでの切削長(m)で行った。その結果を表8に示す。
【0036】
【表8】
Figure 2004315903
【0037】
表8に示すように、第一金属及び第二金属を特定量含有している試料No.1〜20、58のドリルは、第二金属のみを含有している試料No.31〜50のドリルと比較して優れた穴あけ加工性を有していることがわかる。特に、試料No.1〜20、58のドリルは、折損が生じにくく、耐折損性に優れる、即ち、靭性に優れるものであることがわかる。これは、試料No.1〜20、58のドリルは、抗磁力が高く、高硬度になっているためと推測される。
【0038】
また、第一金属及び第二金属の双方を含有していても、Coが2重量%未満である試料No.24のドリル、Coが15重量%超である試料No.25のドリルや、第一金属の総含有量が0.01重量%未満である試料No.21のドリル、第一金属の総含有量が5重量%超の試料No.22、23のドリル、第二金属の含有重量比((Cr+Ta+V)/Co)が0.02未満の試料No.26、27のドリル、第二金属の含有重量比が0.5超の試料No.28〜30のドリルでは、試料No.1〜20、58のドリルと比較して、切削長が短く、耐折損性に劣ることがわかる。更に、抗磁力が小さい試料No.51〜57も、試料No.1〜20、58のドリルと比較して、切削長が短く、耐折損性に劣ることがわかる。
【0039】
(実施例3)
実施例1と同様の組成の原料粉末を用いて、φ0.3mmのマイクロドリルを作製した。マイクロドリルは、実施例1と同様に粉砕、混合した後、乾燥、造粒を行い、φ3.5mmの丸棒にプレス成形し、1400℃で焼結した後、1320℃でHIP処理を施し、外周加工(溝加工)を行うことで作製した。
【0040】
作製したマイクロドリルにより穴あけ試験(貫通穴)を行い、切削評価を行った。被削材は、ガラス層とエポキシ樹脂層との交互4層積層板(アメリカ規格協会が規定する銅張り積層板のグレード:FR−4)からなるプリント基板(厚さ1.6mm)を2枚重ねにしたもの(合計厚さ3.2mm)とし、切削条件は、回転数N=150,000r.p.m、送り量f=15μm/rev.、切削油不使用(乾式)とした。切削評価は、折損するまでの穴あけ加工数で行った。その結果を表9に示す。
【0041】
【表9】
Figure 2004315903
【0042】
表9に示すように、実施例2と同様に第一金属及び第二金属を特定量含有している試料No.1〜20のマイクロドリルは、第二金属のみを含有している試料No.31〜50のマイクロドリルと比較して優れた穴あけ加工性を有していることがわかる。特に、試料No.1〜20のマイクロドリルは、折損が生じにくく、耐折損性に優れる、即ち、靭性に優れるものであることがわかる。これは、試料No.1〜20のマイクロドリルは、微粒で十分な硬度を有していたためと推測される。
【0043】
また、第一金属及び第二金属の双方を含有していても、Coが2重量%未満である試料No.24のマイクロドリル、Coが15重量%超である試料No.25のマイクロドリルや、第一金属の総含有量が0.01重量%未満である試料No.21のマイクロドリル、第一金属の総含有量が5重量%超の試料No.22、23のマイクロドリル、第二金属の含有重量比((Cr+Ta+V)/Co)が0.02未満の試料No.26、27のマイクロドリル、第二金属の含有重量比が0.5超の試料No.28〜30のマイクロドリルでは、試料No.1〜20のマイクロドリルと比較して、加工数が少なく、耐折損性に劣ることがわかる。なお、試料No.51〜58では、WCが粗大なため、本試験を行うに値せず、試験を行っていない。特に平均粒径が2、3μmの試料では、ドリル加工の際に欠けが発生してマイクロドリルを作製できなかった。
【0044】
(実施例4)
実施例1と同様の組成の原料粉末を用いて、CNMG120408−全周ブレーカのスローアウェイチップを作製した。チップは、実施例1と同様に粉砕、混合した後、乾燥、造粒を行ってプレス成形し、1400℃で焼結した後、研削加工を行うことで作製した。
【0045】
作製したスローアウェイチップにより切削試験を行い、切削評価を行った。被削材は、SCM435とし、切削条件は切削速度V=200m/min、送り量f=0.3mm/rev.、切込み深さd=15mm、切削油使用(湿式)とした。切削評価は、10分間切削を行った後の逃げ面摩耗量(V摩耗量)で行った(表10では摩耗幅(mm)を記載)。その結果を表10に示す。
【0046】
【表10】
Figure 2004315903
【0047】
表10に示すように、第一金属及び第二金属を特定量含有している試料No.1〜20、58のスローアウェイチップは、第二金属のみを含有している試料No.31〜50のチップと比較して優れた切削特性を有していることがわかる。特に、試料No.1〜20、58のスローアウェイチップは、摩耗が少なく、優れた強度を有するものであることがわかる。これは、試料No.1〜20、58のチップの合金組織が均一的に微細化されているためであると推測される。
【0048】
また、第一金属及び第二金属の双方を含有していても、Coが2重量%未満である試料No.24のチップ、Coが15重量%超である試料No.25のチップや、第一金属の総含有量が0.01重量%未満である試料No.21のチップ、第一金属の総含有量が5重量%超の試料No.22、23のチップ、第二金属の含有重量比が0.02未満の試料No.26、27のチップ、第二金属の含有重量比が0.5超の試料No.28〜30のチップでは、試料No.1〜20、58のチップと比較して、概ね逃げ面摩耗量が多く、強度が劣ることがわかる。特に、同等のWC粒径の試料、同等のCo量を含有する試料と比較した場合、試料No.1〜20、58のチップは、逃げ面摩耗量が少なく、強度に優れることがわかる。更に、抗磁力が小さい試料No.51〜57も同様に逃げ面摩耗量が多く、耐摩耗性に劣ることがわかる。
【0049】
(実施例5)
さらに、実施例2、4で作製したドリル、スローアウェイチップのうち、試料No.1〜20、58に該当するものを別途用意し、各工具表面に表11に示すA〜Dの被覆処理を施した。また、実施例3で作製したマイクロドリルのうち、試料No.1〜20、58に該当するものを別途用意し、各工具表面に表11に示すF、Gの被覆処理を施した。A〜C、E、F、Gは公知のPVD法で、Dは公知のCVD法にて被覆処理を行った。これらの硬質膜を有する切削工具に対して、実施例2〜4と同様の切削試験を行い、同様の切削評価を行った。
【0050】
【表11】
Figure 2004315903
【0051】
その結果、硬質膜を有するドリルは、上記実施例2で用いた被覆処理を行っていないドリルに対して、いずれも切削長が2〜3割程度向上していた。硬質膜を有するマイクロドリルは、上記実施例3で用いた被覆処理を行っていないマイクロドリルに対して、いずれも穴あけ加工数が2〜4割程度向上していた。硬質膜を有するスローアウェイチップは、上記実施例4で用いた被覆処理を行っていないチップに対して、いずれも10分切削後の逃げ面摩耗量が0.5〜2割程度抑制されることがわかった。従って、工具表面に硬質膜を設けると、より好ましい切削性能を有することがわかる。
【0052】
【発明の効果】
以上、説明したように本発明微粒超硬合金によれば、添加剤としてTi、Zr、Hf、Nb、Alから選択される1種以上と、Cr、Ta、Vから選択される1種以上との双方を特定量含有することで、硬質相の粒成長を効果的に抑制すると共に、組織の平均粒径をも微細化することができるという優れた効果を奏し得る。また、規定の抗磁力を満たすことで、最も効果的なWC粒径とCo量との相関を特定することができ、高硬度で耐摩耗性の優れた合金を実現できる。そのため、本発明超硬合金を用いた切削工具では、合金組織の均一的な微細化によってこれまでに達成し得なかった硬度の向上を実現できる。従って、本発明は、回転切削加工、精密加工、旋削加工などの分野において有用である。[0001]
TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a fine-grained cemented carbide and a cutting tool using the cemented carbide. In particular, the present invention relates to a fine-grain cemented carbide capable of improving the strength by refining the structure and suppressing grain growth of a hard phase to reduce sudden breakage and fracture, and a cutting tool using the cemented carbide. .
[0002]
[Prior art]
Conventionally, so-called fine-grain cemented carbides having an average grain size of less than 1 μm have been widely used because of their high strength. However, even when a fine-grained cemented carbide is produced using a fine-grained cemented carbide material, sudden breakage or chipping may occur depending on the use. The main cause of this is that even with the currently used grain growth inhibitors, grain growth cannot be completely suppressed, and the coarse hard phase that has grown grain becomes defective, and alloy properties and cutting in tooling It is known to significantly reduce properties. Cemented carbide is usually liquid phase sintering. During sintering, the binder phase becomes a liquid phase, and the solid phase dissolved and diffused in the liquid phase is reprecipitated in the cooling process to form a 2 μm or more. In some cases, grain growth by so-called Ostwald growth may occur. The control of the grain growth becomes more difficult when an ultrafine raw material of less than 1 μm is used, the structure of the sintered body becomes larger than desired, and the desired hardness and strength may not be obtained.
[0003]
Therefore, conventionally, studies have been made to add various inhibitors for grain growth to the alloy composition. In general, V, Cr, and Ta have the greatest effect of suppressing grain growth, and grain growth is suppressed by adding an appropriate amount of these elements alone or with a compound such as a carbide or a nitride (for example, Patent Documents 1, 2, and 3).
[0004]
[Patent Document 1]
JP 2001-115229 A (see claims)
[Patent Document 2]
JP 2001-335876 A (see claims)
[Patent Document 3]
Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2001-269809 (refer to claims)
[0005]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
However, when an appropriate amount of V, Cr, or Ta is added, grain growth actually occurs, causing a decrease in strength. Therefore, it is required to suppress grain growth more effectively.
[0006]
Accordingly, a main object of the present invention is to provide a fine-grain cemented carbide that is excellent in both strength and toughness by further suppressing the grain growth of the hard phase while making the alloy structure finer. Another object of the present invention is to provide a cutting tool using the fine-grained cemented carbide.
[0007]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The present invention specifies Ti, Zr, Hf, Nb, and Al in addition to at least one selected from V, Cr, and Ta as an additive that regulates the coercive force and promotes the refinement of the alloy structure. The above object is achieved by including at least one of the above.
[0008]
That is, the present invention is a fine-grain cemented carbide comprising a hard phase and a balance consisting of a binder phase, additives and unavoidable impurities, and has the following features. The coercive force Hc (kA / m) is 20 or more. The hard phase contains WC, and the binder phase contains Co in an amount of 2% by weight to 15% by weight. Further, as the additive, both one or more first metals selected from Ti, Zr, Hf, Nb, and Al and one or more second metals selected from Cr, Ta, and V are contained. I do. The first metal is in a total amount of 0.01% by weight to 5% by weight, and is selected from a simple substance of a metal, a solid solution thereof, a compound with one or more kinds selected from carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, and boron, and a composite compound. One or more are added. The weight ratio of the total amount of the second metal to the binder phase is set to 0.02 to 0.5.
[0009]
The inventors have repeatedly studied the relationship between the amount of the binder phase and the various grain growth inhibitors for suppressing the growth of the hard phase, and have obtained the following knowledge. That is, by containing a specific amount of metal elements such as Ti, Zr, Hf, Nb, and Al in addition to conventionally known grain growth inhibitors such as V, Cr, and Ta, it is possible to effectively generate a coarse hard phase. In addition, the average grain size of the alloy structure can be significantly reduced as compared with the case where these metal elements are not contained. Conventionally, metal elements other than V, Cr, and Ta have little or no effect on suppressing grain growth, and have not been contained in a fine-grain cemented carbide. On the other hand, the present inventors have found an optimum element as an additive, an optimum amount, and a method of adding an optimum element, and have demonstrated that an effect of suppressing grain growth that has not been achieved so far is exhibited. Realize.
[0010]
The present invention is based on the above findings, and by containing both the first metal and the second metal as additives, while reducing the number of coarse hard phases present, at the same time, the average grain size of the alloy structure Miniaturization. Therefore, the fine-grain cemented carbide of the present invention has a very fine alloy structure and a small number of coarse particles, so that it is possible to improve the hardness, and suddenly The occurrence of breakage and chipping can be reduced, realizing both excellent strength and toughness. Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in more detail.
[0011]
The fine-grain cemented carbide of the present invention contains WC (tungsten carbide) as a hard phase and an iron-based metal, particularly Co (cobalt), as a binder phase. And it is important that the coercive force Hc (kA / m) is 20 or more in the fine-grain cemented carbide of the present invention. The coercive force (coercive force) can be an index indicating the average particle size of the hard phase, and has a correlation with Co of the binder phase existing between the WC particles as the hard phase.
[0012]
Specifically, for example, when the physical composition of Co is constant, the coercive force increases as the thickness (mean free path) of the Co layer decreases, that is, as the surface area of the Co layer increases. When the thickness of the Co layer is small, the Co structure hardly exists in the alloy structure, and the coercive force increases. In order to change the thickness of the Co layer, for example, when the particle size of the WC particles as the hard phase is constant, the content of Co is changed. When the content of Co is fixed, the particle size of the WC particles is changed. That is. In the former case, the coercive force can be increased by reducing the Co content. In the latter case, the coercive force can be increased by reducing the WC particles. As described above, the coercive force can be changed by changing the thickness of the Co layer depending on the particle size of the hard phase.
[0013]
Further, the physical composition of Co can be changed by sintering conditions (such as temperature). The sintering conditions change the solid solubility of the hard phase in Co and the degree of grain growth of the hard phase. Specifically, when the content of Co with respect to the entire cemented carbide is constant, lowering the sintering temperature increases the solid solubility, makes it difficult for the hard phase or the like to grow grains, and can increase the coercive force. .
[0014]
As a result of the study by the present inventors, if the coercive force Hc is less than 20 kA / m, the reason is unknown, but even if an appropriate amount of the first metal described below is added, the effect of suppressing grain growth is small or almost nonexistent No improvement in hardness is observed. In addition, even if the solid solubility of the hard phase or the like in Co is reduced depending on the sintering conditions, or the hard phase or the like in the solid solution is excessively grown, no improvement in hardness is recognized. Therefore, in the present invention, the coercive force Hc (kA / m) is specified to be 20 or more. In order to set the coercive force Hc to 20 kA / m or more, for example, when the content of Co is increased within a specified range, the average particle size of the hard phase is set to 1.2 μm or less, particularly 1.0 μm or less. It is mentioned. At this time, in order to further reduce the coarsening due to the grain growth, the WC raw material powder to be the hard phase should have a smaller average particle diameter, for example, a powder having an average particle diameter of 1.2 μm or less, particularly 1.0 μm or less. It may be used, or the WC raw material powder may be refined by a pulverizing step. In addition, the sintering temperature may be lowered irrespective of the particle size of the WC raw material powder by including the Co content within a specified range.
[0015]
In the cemented carbide of the present invention, Co is contained as a binder phase as described above. Although only Co may be used, Ni may be contained. Then, the content of Co is specified to be 2% by weight or more and 15% by weight or less. If the content is less than 2% by weight, the strength tends to be reduced by containing a third element (first metal) in addition to the conventionally used grain growth inhibitor (second metal). When the content is more than 15% by weight, even if at least one selected from Ti, Zr, Hf, Nb and Al is contained, grain growth occurs and the occurrence frequency of coarse hard phase (WC) is hardly reduced, and Small growth inhibitory effect. This is because even if the third element (first metal) is added to such an extent that the hardness does not decrease, W is likely to form a solid solution in Co due to the large amount of Co, causing a reprecipitation phenomenon. it is conceivable that.
[0016]
The cemented carbide of the present invention further contains a first metal as an additive in order to further suppress the growth of WC grains in the alloy structure. The first metal is at least one metal selected from Ti, Zr, Hf, Nb, and Al. In the present invention, the content of the metal is specified to be 0.01% by weight or more and 5% by weight or less in total. If it is less than 0.01% by weight, it is difficult to obtain the effect of suppressing grain growth. If it exceeds 5% by weight, compounds of Ti, Zr, Hf, Nb and Al (carbides, nitrides, carbonitrides, carbonitrides, borides, etc.), particularly coarse compounds, precipitate in the alloy structure. , Causing a decrease in strength. Although the reason for this is not clear, it is considered that if it exceeds 5% by weight, the solid solution site of each element in Co is saturated. In the present invention, it is important that the first metal be present in the alloy structure at the same time as the second metal described later. The first metal is preferably added as a single metal, a solid solution thereof, a compound with one or more selected from carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, and boron, and at least one selected from a composite compound. That is, as the alloy raw material, a single metal may be used, a solid solution composed of the first metal may be used, or a compound or composite compound of the first metal and carbon may be used.
[0017]
The first metal is particularly preferably Ti. By containing 0.01% by weight to 5% by weight of Ti, the coercive force of the specific WC and Co-containing fine-grained cemented carbide specified in the present invention is significantly increased. The average grain size of the alloy structure can be significantly reduced, and when used for a cutting tool, the wear resistance and fracture resistance of the tool can be improved.
[0018]
The cemented carbide of the present invention further contains a second metal as an additive in order to further reduce the average grain size of the alloy structure. The second metal is at least one metal selected from Cr, Ta, and V. In the present invention, the weight ratio of the total amount (% by weight) of the second metal to the binder phase (eg, Co) (% by weight) is specified to be 0.02 or more and 0.5 or less. If the weight ratio is less than 0.02, the effect of suppressing grain growth is difficult to be obtained, which also causes grain growth, and when used for a cutting tool, the tool strength may be reduced. If the weight ratio is larger than 0.5, the tool life is significantly reduced. This is considered to be due to the fact that an excessive amount of the second metal forms an embrittlement phase and precipitates. The second metal is preferably added as one or more compounds selected from a compound with one or more compounds selected from simple metals, carbon, and nitrogen. That is, a single metal or a carbide, nitride, or carbonitride of the second metal may be used as the alloy raw material.
[0019]
In addition, the following structure may be used as a structure capable of further reducing the number of coarse hard phases and reducing the average grain size of the alloy structure. That is, a hard phase, the balance is a fine-grain cemented carbide comprising a binder phase, additives and unavoidable impurities, as the hard phase, containing WC having an average particle size of 1.2 μm or less, as the binder phase, Co is contained in an amount of 2% by weight to 15% by weight, and as the additive, one or more first metals selected from Ti, Zr, Hf, Nb, and Al, and one type selected from Cr, Ta, and V It contains both of the above second metals. The first metal is in a total amount of 0.01% by weight to 5% by weight, and is selected from a simple substance of a metal, a solid solution thereof, a compound with one or more kinds selected from carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, and boron, and a composite compound. And the weight ratio of the total amount of the second metal to the binder phase is 0.02 to 0.5. In particular, the average particle diameter of WC is preferably 1.0 μm or less.
[0020]
The cemented carbide having the above configuration is preferably used for a base material of a cutting tool. For example, there are rotary tools such as drills, end mills, routers, and reamers, rotary tools for processing printed circuit boards such as micro drills, and turning tools such as indexable inserts for turning aluminum and steel. The cutting tool using the cemented carbide as the base material has a reduced number of starting points of fracture due to the reduction of the coarse hard phase in the entire base material, not in part, and has improved fracture resistance and fracture resistance. At the same time, it is also desired to improve the strength by uniformly refining the alloy structure over the entire base material, so that good cutting performance is exhibited. In particular, a micro drill is a tool used for drilling a printed circuit board and the like, and a drill having an extremely small diameter such as a drill diameter: φ0.1 to 0.3 mm has been mainly used. With such an extremely small diameter, if the alloy structure of the entire base material is not fine and uniform, breakage or breakage starting from a coarse hard phase in the structure is likely to occur. Therefore, when the fine-grain cemented carbide having the above configuration is used as the base material of the microdrill, its performance is utilized, and better results are expected as compared with the related art. In addition, a turning tool using a cemented carbide having the above configuration is also required to improve chipping resistance by preventing sudden cutting of the cutting edge, and also to improve wear resistance by high strength. As it is desired, it exhibits excellent cutting performance.
[0021]
In the above cutting tool, it is preferable to coat at least one hard film on the tool surface in order to exhibit more stable cutting performance. In particular, the hard film is made of one or more elements selected from metals of Groups 4a, 5a, and 6a of the periodic table, A1 and Si, and one or more nonmetal elements selected from carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, and boron. , DLC (diamond-like carbon) and diamond. That is, it is preferable to cover at least one layer of a ceramic film, a DLC film, and a diamond film. Examples of the ceramic film include TiC, TiN, TiCN, TiSiN, TiAlN, CrN, and TiB. 2 , TiBN, ZrC, ZrO 2 , HfC, HfN, Al 2 O 3 , SiC, SiO 2 , Si 3 N 4 And the like. Further, the total average thickness of the ceramic film, the average thickness of the DLC film, and the average thickness of the diamond film are all preferably 0.1 μm or more. If the total average thickness of the ceramic film, the average thickness of the DLC film, and the average thickness of the diamond film are less than 0.1 μm, the effect of improving wear resistance by coating is small. Such a hard film may be formed by a known CVD method or PVD method.
[0022]
BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described.
(Example 1)
WC raw material powder having an average particle size of 1.0 to 4.0 μm, Co raw material powder, compound powders of Cr, V, and Ta having the compositions shown in Tables 1 to 3, compound powders of Ti, Zr, Hf, Nb, and Al; An appropriate amount of the powder C was blended in the addition amount (% by weight) shown in Tables 1 to 3, and the mixture was pulverized and mixed in a ball mill for an arbitrary time of 5 to 48 hours on the basis of mixing for 24 hours. Then, after performing drying and granulation using a spray drier, press molding and sintering at 1400 ° C. were performed to produce test pieces having the compositions shown in Tables 1 to 3. A plurality of test pieces were prepared for each sample.
Sample No. Sample Nos. 21 to 30 are sample Nos. Samples using the same type of raw material powders as in Nos. 1 to 10 and having different amounts of addition, and samples having the same number at the end (for example, Sample No. 1 and Sample No. 21) are mixed under the same conditions. Pulverization and sintering were performed. Sample No. Samples Nos. 31 to 50 are samples using no compound powder of Ti, Zr, Hf, Nb, and Al. Sample Nos. 31 to 40 are sample Nos. Mixing, pulverization, and sintering were performed under the same conditions as those of samples having the same number as 1 to 10 at the end. Sample No. Sample Nos. 41 to 50 are sample Nos. Mixing, pulverization, and sintering were performed under the same conditions as those of the samples having the same numbers as 11 to 20. Sample No. In Nos. 51 to 55, WC raw material powder having a large average particle size was used, and the pulverization time was shortened (10 hours). Sample No. Nos. 56 and 57 were sintered at high temperature (1450 ° C.) using WC raw material powder having a small average particle size, shortening the pulverization time (10 hours). Sample No. No. 58 used a WC raw material powder having a large average particle diameter, mixed in a standard 24 hours, and sintered at a low temperature (1380 ° C.). As described above, the coercive force Hc of each sample was changed by changing the average particle size of the WC raw material powder or changing the pulverization time.
[0023]
[Table 1]
Figure 2004315903
[0024]
[Table 2]
Figure 2004315903
[0025]
[Table 3]
Figure 2004315903
[0026]
In order to examine the total content of Cr, Ta, V, the content of Co, and the total content of Ti, Zr, Hf, Nb, and Al in the obtained test pieces, one of the test pieces of each sample was taken. Each was analyzed by ICP (inductively coupled plasma emission analysis). The analytical values (% by weight) are shown in Tables 4 to 6. In addition, the surface of each test piece was observed at 8000 × with a SEM, and the observed image was taken into a computer, analyzed with an image analyzer, and analyzed using an image analyzer. 2 Was measured, and the average thereof was determined. Tables 4 to 6 also show the obtained average particle diameter (μm) of WC.
[0027]
[Table 4]
Figure 2004315903
[0028]
[Table 5]
Figure 2004315903
[0029]
[Table 6]
Figure 2004315903
[0030]
For each of the obtained samples, six test pieces were taken, and a bending force test was performed on each test piece. The average value TRS (GPa) of the six bending forces and the standard deviation σ (value of (Variation). In addition, the hardness Hv (GPa) was also determined. Table 7 shows the results. In the evaluation in this test, it can be said that the higher the average value of the transverse rupture force and the smaller the standard deviation, the better the alloy, that is, the higher the strength.
[0031]
[Table 7]
Figure 2004315903
[0032]
As shown in Table 7, both the one or more first metals selected from Ti, Zr, Hf, Nb, and Al and the one or more second metals selected from Cr, Ta, and V are specified amounts. Sample No. Sample Nos. 1 to 20 and 58 contain only the second metal. It can be seen that the average value of the transverse rupture force is high and the standard deviation is small as compared with 31 to 50. Therefore, the sample No. Nos. 1 to 20 and 58 can be said to be alloys having excellent strength.
[0033]
In addition, even if both of the first metal and the second metal were contained, the sample No. 1 in which Co was less than 2% by weight. Sample No. 24 in which Co is more than 15% by weight. Sample No. 25 in which the total content of the first metal was less than 0.01% by weight. Sample No. 21 having a total content of the first metal of more than 5% by weight. Sample No. 22, 23, the content ratio by weight of the second metal ((Cr + Ta + V) / Co) is less than 0.02. Sample Nos. 26 and 27, in which the weight ratio of the second metal exceeds 0.5. In Nos. 28 to 30, sample Nos. When compared with each sample having the same number at the end of 1 to 10, even if the average value of the transverse rupture force is high, the standard deviation is large, or even if the standard deviation is small, the mean value of the transverse rupture force is low. You can see that. Sample No. with a low coercive force using coarse WC as a raw material was also used. Samples Nos. 51 to 55 tend to have a low average value of the transverse rupture force and a large standard deviation. It turns out that intensity is low compared with 1-20. Similarly, a sample No. having a small coercive force, in which the sintering temperature was raised using coarse WC as a raw material, was used. 56 and 57 have high transverse rupture force values but large standard deviations. On the other hand, in the same manner as in Sample No. 1 in which coarse WC was used as a raw material, but the sintering temperature was lowered and coercive force was large. Sample No. 58 is Sample No. It is understood that the average value of the transverse rupture force is high and the standard deviation is small as in the case of Nos. 1 to 20.
[0034]
(Example 2)
Using a raw material powder having the same composition as in Example 1, a drill having a diameter of 11.0 mm was produced. The drill was pulverized and mixed in the same manner as in Example 1, dried, granulated, press-formed into a round bar having a diameter of 15 mm, sintered at 1400 ° C., subjected to HIP processing at 1320 ° C., and processed for outer periphery ( (Grooving).
[0035]
A drilling test was performed with the prepared drill, and cutting evaluation was performed. The work material was SUS304, and the cutting conditions were: cutting speed V = 60 m / min (rotational speed N = 1737 / min), feed amount f = 0.20 mm / rev. The cutting depth d was 15 mm (penetration), and the cutting oil was used (wet type). The cutting evaluation was performed based on the cutting length (m) until breakage. Table 8 shows the results.
[0036]
[Table 8]
Figure 2004315903
[0037]
As shown in Table 8, Sample No. containing specific amounts of the first metal and the second metal. Drills Nos. 1 to 20 and 58 were sample Nos. Containing only the second metal. It turns out that it has excellent drilling workability compared with the drills of 31-50. In particular, the sample No. It can be seen that the drills Nos. 1 to 20 and 58 are hardly broken and have excellent breakage resistance, that is, excellent toughness. This corresponds to Sample No. It is assumed that the drills Nos. 1 to 20 and 58 have high coercive force and high hardness.
[0038]
In addition, even if both of the first metal and the second metal were contained, the sample No. 1 in which Co was less than 2% by weight. Drill No. 24, sample no. Drill No. 25 and Sample No. 25 having a total content of the first metal of less than 0.01% by weight. Drill No. 21, sample No. 21 having a total content of the first metal of more than 5% by weight. Drills Nos. 22 and 23, Sample No. 2 in which the weight ratio ((Cr + Ta + V) / Co) of the second metal was less than 0.02. Drills Nos. 26 and 27, Sample No. 2 having a weight ratio of the second metal of more than 0.5. For the drills Nos. 28 to 30, sample Nos. It can be seen that the cutting length is shorter and the breakage resistance is inferior to those of the drills Nos. 1 to 20 and 58. Further, Sample No. having a low coercive force was used. Sample Nos. It can be seen that the cutting length is shorter and the breakage resistance is inferior to those of the drills Nos. 1 to 20 and 58.
[0039]
(Example 3)
Using a raw material powder having the same composition as in Example 1, a micro drill having a diameter of 0.3 mm was manufactured. The micro drill was pulverized and mixed in the same manner as in Example 1, dried and granulated, pressed into a 3.5 mm round bar, sintered at 1400 ° C., and then subjected to HIP at 1320 ° C. It was produced by performing outer peripheral processing (grooving).
[0040]
A drilling test (through hole) was performed with the produced microdrill, and cutting evaluation was performed. The work material was two printed circuit boards (1.6 mm thick) composed of alternating four-layer laminates of glass layers and epoxy resin layers (grade of copper-clad laminates specified by the American Standards Association: FR-4). The layers were superposed (total thickness 3.2 mm), and the cutting conditions were such that the number of revolutions N = 150,000 r.p. p. m, feed amount f = 15 μm / rev. , Cutting oil was not used (dry type). The cutting evaluation was performed based on the number of drilling operations until breakage. Table 9 shows the results.
[0041]
[Table 9]
Figure 2004315903
[0042]
As shown in Table 9, as in Example 2, Sample No. 1 containing a specific amount of the first metal and the second metal was used. Sample Nos. 1 to 20 containing only the second metal were sample Nos. 1 to 20. It turns out that it has the outstanding drilling processability compared with the micro drills of 31-50. In particular, the sample No. It can be seen that the micro drills 1 to 20 are less likely to break and have excellent break resistance, that is, excellent toughness. This corresponds to Sample No. It is presumed that the micro drills 1 to 20 were fine particles and had sufficient hardness.
[0043]
In addition, even if both of the first metal and the second metal were contained, the sample No. 1 in which Co was less than 2% by weight. Sample No. 24 having a microdrill of 24% or more than 15% by weight Co. Sample No. 25 and Sample No. 25 in which the total content of the first metal was less than 0.01% by weight. Sample No. 21 in which the total content of the first metal was more than 5% by weight. Sample Nos. 22 and 23 in which the weight ratio ((Cr + Ta + V) / Co) of the second metal was less than 0.02. Sample Nos. 26 and 27 having the weight ratio of the second metal of more than 0.5. In the micro drills of Nos. 28 to 30, sample Nos. It can be seen that the number of processes is smaller and the breakage resistance is inferior to those of the micro drills of Nos. 1 to 20. The sample No. In Nos. 51 to 58, since the WC was coarse, this test was not worthy of being performed, and the test was not performed. In particular, in the case of a sample having an average particle diameter of 2 or 3 μm, chipping occurred during drilling, and a microdrill could not be manufactured.
[0044]
(Example 4)
Using a raw material powder having the same composition as in Example 1, a throwaway chip of CNMG120408-all-round breaker was produced. The chips were prepared by pulverizing and mixing in the same manner as in Example 1, followed by drying and granulation, press molding, sintering at 1400 ° C., and grinding.
[0045]
A cutting test was performed with the manufactured indexable insert, and a cutting evaluation was performed. The work material was SCM435, and the cutting conditions were a cutting speed V = 200 m / min, a feed amount f = 0.3 mm / rev. The cutting depth d was 15 mm, and cutting oil was used (wet type). The cutting evaluation is based on the flank wear (V) after cutting for 10 minutes. B (Wear amount) (Table 10 shows the wear width (mm)). Table 10 shows the results.
[0046]
[Table 10]
Figure 2004315903
[0047]
As shown in Table 10, Sample No. 1 containing a specific amount of the first metal and the second metal was used. Sample Nos. 1 to 20 and 58 had the sample No. 1 containing only the second metal. It can be seen that it has excellent cutting characteristics as compared with the chips of Nos. 31 to 50. In particular, the sample No. It can be seen that the indexable inserts of Nos. 1 to 20, 58 have little wear and excellent strength. This corresponds to Sample No. It is presumed that this is because the alloy structures of the chips Nos. 1 to 20 and 58 are uniformly refined.
[0048]
In addition, even if both of the first metal and the second metal were contained, the sample No. 1 in which Co was less than 2% by weight. Chip No. 24, sample No. 24 containing more than 15% by weight of Co. Sample No. 25 and Sample No. 25 in which the total content of the first metal was less than 0.01% by weight. Sample No. 21 having a total content of the first metal of more than 5% by weight. Sample Nos. 22 and 23, in which the content ratio by weight of the second metal was less than 0.02. Sample Nos. 26 and 27, in which the content ratio by weight of the second metal exceeds 0.5. For the chips Nos. 28 to 30, the sample Nos. It can be seen that the flank wear amount is generally larger and the strength is inferior to those of the chips Nos. 1 to 20, 58. In particular, when compared with a sample having the same WC particle size and a sample containing the same amount of Co, the sample No. It can be seen that the chips Nos. 1 to 20 and 58 have a small amount of flank wear and are excellent in strength. Further, Sample No. having a low coercive force was used. Similarly, it can be seen that 51 to 57 also have a large amount of flank wear and are inferior in wear resistance.
[0049]
(Example 5)
Further, among the drills and indexable inserts manufactured in Examples 2 and 4, Sample No. Those corresponding to Nos. 1 to 20 and 58 were separately prepared, and the surface of each tool was subjected to coating treatments A to D shown in Table 11. Further, among the micro drills manufactured in Example 3, the sample No. Items corresponding to Nos. 1 to 20 and 58 were separately prepared, and the surface of each tool was subjected to coating treatment of F and G shown in Table 11. A to C, E, F, and G were coated by a known PVD method, and D was coated by a known CVD method. The same cutting test as in Examples 2 to 4 was performed on the cutting tools having these hard films, and the same cutting evaluation was performed.
[0050]
[Table 11]
Figure 2004315903
[0051]
As a result, the cutting length of the drill having the hard film was improved by about 20 to 30% as compared with the drill without the coating treatment used in Example 2 described above. The microdrill having a hard film had an improvement in the number of drilling processes by about 20 to 40% as compared with the microdrill not subjected to the coating treatment used in Example 3 above. In the case of the indexable insert having the hard film, the flank wear amount after cutting for 10 minutes is reduced by about 0.5 to 20% with respect to the tip without the coating treatment used in Example 4 above. I understood. Therefore, it can be seen that providing a hard film on the tool surface has more favorable cutting performance.
[0052]
【The invention's effect】
As described above, according to the fine-grain cemented carbide of the present invention, as the additive, at least one selected from Ti, Zr, Hf, Nb, and Al, and at least one selected from Cr, Ta, and V By containing both of these in specific amounts, it is possible to effectively suppress the grain growth of the hard phase and to achieve an excellent effect that the average grain size of the structure can be reduced. Further, by satisfying the prescribed coercive force, the most effective correlation between the WC particle size and the Co amount can be specified, and an alloy having high hardness and excellent wear resistance can be realized. Therefore, in the cutting tool using the cemented carbide of the present invention, it is possible to achieve an improvement in hardness that could not be achieved by the uniform refinement of the alloy structure. Therefore, the present invention is useful in fields such as rotary cutting, precision machining, and turning.

Claims (4)

硬質相と、残部が結合相、添加剤及び不可避的不純物からなる微粒超硬合金であって、
抗磁力Hc(kA/m)が20以上であり、
前記硬質相として、WCを含有し、
前記結合相として、Coを2重量%〜15重量%含有し、
前記添加剤として、Ti、Zr、Hf、Nb、Alから選択される1種以上の第一金属と、Cr、Ta、Vから選択される1種以上の第二金属との双方を含有し、
前記第一金属は、総量で0.01重量%〜5重量%であり、金属単体、これらの固溶体、炭素、窒素、酸素、硼素から選択される1種以上との化合物及び複合化合物から選択される1種以上で添加され、
前記第二金属の総量の結合相に対する重量比が0.02〜0.5であることを特徴とする微粒超硬合金。
A hard phase, a fine-grain cemented carbide consisting of a binder phase, additives and unavoidable impurities,
Coercive force Hc (kA / m) is 20 or more,
Containing WC as the hard phase,
The binder phase contains 2 wt% to 15 wt% of Co,
As the additive, it contains both one or more first metals selected from Ti, Zr, Hf, Nb and Al, and one or more second metals selected from Cr, Ta and V,
The first metal is in a total amount of 0.01% by weight to 5% by weight, and is selected from a simple substance of a metal, a solid solution thereof, a compound with one or more kinds selected from carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, and boron, and a composite compound. One or more of
A fine-grain cemented carbide, wherein the weight ratio of the total amount of the second metal to the binder phase is 0.02 to 0.5.
第一金属は、Tiであることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の微粒超硬合金。The fine-grain cemented carbide according to claim 1, wherein the first metal is Ti. 請求項1又は2に記載の微粒超硬合金により製造された切削工具であり、回転工具、プリント基板加工用回転工具、旋削加工用工具のいずれかであることを特徴とする切削工具。A cutting tool manufactured from the fine-grain cemented carbide according to claim 1, wherein the cutting tool is any one of a rotary tool, a rotary tool for processing a printed circuit board, and a turning tool. 更に、工具表面には、一層以上の硬質膜が被覆され、
前記硬質膜は、周期律表の4a、5a、6a族金属、Al及びSiから選択される1種以上の金属元素と炭素、窒素、酸素及び硼素から選択される1種以上の非金属元素との化合物、DLC及びダイヤモンドよりなる群から選択される1種であることを特徴とする請求項3に記載の切削工具。
Furthermore, the tool surface is coated with one or more hard films,
The hard film includes one or more metal elements selected from Group 4a, 5a, and 6a metals of the periodic table, Al and Si, and one or more nonmetal elements selected from carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, and boron. 4. The cutting tool according to claim 3, wherein the cutting tool is one selected from the group consisting of:
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