JP2004308792A - Double row integral angular bearing and gearing device using the same - Google Patents

Double row integral angular bearing and gearing device using the same Download PDF

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JP2004308792A
JP2004308792A JP2003103447A JP2003103447A JP2004308792A JP 2004308792 A JP2004308792 A JP 2004308792A JP 2003103447 A JP2003103447 A JP 2003103447A JP 2003103447 A JP2003103447 A JP 2003103447A JP 2004308792 A JP2004308792 A JP 2004308792A
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balls
angular bearing
bearing
rows
rolling elements
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JP4515039B2 (en
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Minoru Tanaka
実 田中
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Nabtesco Corp
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TS Corp
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16CSHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C19/00Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement
    • F16C19/54Systems consisting of a plurality of bearings with rolling friction
    • F16C19/546Systems with spaced apart rolling bearings including at least one angular contact bearing
    • F16C19/547Systems with spaced apart rolling bearings including at least one angular contact bearing with two angular contact rolling bearings
    • F16C19/548Systems with spaced apart rolling bearings including at least one angular contact bearing with two angular contact rolling bearings in O-arrangement
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16CSHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C19/00Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement
    • F16C19/02Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement with bearing balls essentially of the same size in one or more circular rows
    • F16C19/14Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement with bearing balls essentially of the same size in one or more circular rows for both radial and axial load
    • F16C19/18Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement with bearing balls essentially of the same size in one or more circular rows for both radial and axial load with two or more rows of balls
    • F16C19/181Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement with bearing balls essentially of the same size in one or more circular rows for both radial and axial load with two or more rows of balls with angular contact
    • F16C19/182Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement with bearing balls essentially of the same size in one or more circular rows for both radial and axial load with two or more rows of balls with angular contact in tandem arrangement
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16CSHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C2361/00Apparatus or articles in engineering in general
    • F16C2361/61Toothed gear systems, e.g. support of pinion shafts

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Details Of Gearings (AREA)
  • Rolling Contact Bearings (AREA)

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide an angular bearing capable of improving a filling rate without remarkably increasing a width dimension of the bearing, and improving the load capacity. <P>SOLUTION: This angular bearing 1 comprises balls 10, a ball-cage 12 holding the balls, and inner and outer rings 14, 16. The inner and outer rings respectively have inner and outer raceway faces 14a, 14b kept into contact with the balls at specific contact angles θ<SB>1</SB>, θ<SB>2</SB>to the radial direction. A zigzag recessed part receiving the balls of a plurality of rows 18a, 18b is formed on a peripheral face of one ball-cage 12, and the balls of the plurality of rows 18a, 18b different from each other in pitch circle diameters d<SB>1</SB>, d<SB>2</SB>are arranged in the axial direction of the angular bearing at intervals (a) less than ball diameters D<SB>1</SB>, D<SB>2</SB>. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2005,JPO&NCIPI

Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、アンギュラ軸受およびそれを用いた歯車装置に関する。より詳しくは、本発明は、特に、産業ロボット用減速機などのような過酷なモーメント荷重が作用する条件下で使用されるアンギュラ玉軸受およびそれを用いた減速機などのような歯車装置に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
【特許文献1】特開平9−264321号公報
【特許文献2】特開平11−325060号公報
【特許文献3】特公昭43−4721号公報
【特許文献4】特公昭44−26242号公報
【0003】
一般に、アンギュラ軸受は、図8に示すように、転動体10と、転動体10を保持する保持器12と、転動体10の内外論軌道面14a、16aを有し、かつ、転動体10と内外軌道面14a、16aとがラジアル方向に対して所定の接触角θをもって接触する内外輪14、16とを具備した構成となっている。
【0004】
この構成のため、アンギュラ軸受においては、ラジアル荷重と一方向のアキシャル荷重とを負荷可能である。なお、アンギュラ軸受は、図8に示すように一つのアンギュラ軸受に転動体(玉)10を一列に配置したものや、図10に示すように一つのアンギュラ軸受に転動体(玉)10を二列に配置したものがある(なお、図10では保持器の図示を省略している)が、これはアンギュラ軸受が大きくなる。
【0005】
また、特許文献1(特開平9−264321号公報)に記載されているように、アンギュラ軸受は用途および負荷の大きさによって、単列で使用したり、複数のアンギュラ軸受を用いて複列で正面合わせや背面合わせで組合わせて使用している。しかし、複列で組合わせて使用すると、軸受の大きさが大きくなると言う問題がある。
【0006】
従来、アンギュラ軸受の負荷能力を向上させるには、軌道輪の肉厚を大きくしたり、転動体の個数を多くしたり、転動体と内外輪軌道面の曲率半径を最適にすることが一般的に採用されている。
【0007】
アンギュラ軸受の負荷能力を向上させるに当たって、従来のように、軌道輪の肉厚を大きくしたり、転動体の配列を並列に配置したりすると軸受全体の大きさが大きくなり、軸受の組付け箇所の制約を受け易くなり、コンパクト化の要請に対処できないという制約がある。
【0008】
また、転動体個数を多くしようとても、充填できる転動体の数にも限界がある。例えば、図11に示すような産業ロボット用減速機の軸受に使用される従来のアンギュラ軸受の場合、転動体の充填率は85%以下である。ここに、充頃率とは転動体の直径(D)を転動体数(N)で乗した距離を転動体のピッチ円直径上の円周長さ(L)で除した百分率(100×D×N/L)を言う。このように、保持器を有する従来のアンギュラ軸受では、充填率は精々85%である。
【0009】
特許文献2(特開平11−325060号公報)には、保持器を無くし総ボール(玉)として充填率を増加させた軸受が開示されている。しかし、この特許文献2に開示された総ボール転がり軸受では、図11に示したような、より過酷なモーメントが発生する産業ロボット用減速機などに使用すると、アンギュラ軸受は転動体(玉)同士が擦り合うことにより、転動体(玉)の表面に鉢巻状の傷が付き軸受寿命を低下させる場合がある。
【0010】
また、特許文献3(特公昭43−4721号公報)および特許文献4(特公昭44−26242号公報)には、一つのアンギュラ軸受に2組の保持器によりピッチ円直径が異なる二列の玉軸受を軸方向に玉直径より大きな間隔を開けて配置することが開示されている。しかし、特許文献3、特許文献4に開示されたアンギュラ軸受では二列の玉軸受を軸方向に玉直径より大きな間隔を開けて配置しているので、前述した特許文献1において複列で組合わせて使用した場合と同様に軸受の大きさが大きくなると言う問題がある。
【0011】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
本発明は、上述したような従来技術に付随する問題を解消して、軸受の幅寸法を従来の単列の軸受と略同程度として著しく大きくすることがなく、しかも負荷能力を向上させることができるアンギュラ軸受を提供することを目的とする。
【0012】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明においては、転動体と、転動体を保持する保持器と、転動体の内外軌道面を有し、かつ、転動体と内外軌道面とがラジアル方向に対して所定の接触角を持って接触する内外輪とを具備するアンギュラ軸受において、ピッチ円直径が異なる複数列の転動体が該アンギュラ軸受の軸方向に間隔を開けて配置されており、隣接する該複数列の転動体の軸方向中心間隔が転動体の軸方向寸法未満であることを特徴とする複列式一体アンギュラ軸受により上述した目的を達成する。
【0013】
従来のアンギュラ軸受と同様に本発明のアンギュラ軸受の転動体としては、ころや玉を用いることができる。本発明においては、特に実施例に示すように、前記転動体が玉であり、複数列の転動体に対して一つの保持器があり、該該保持器の周面に複数列の玉を受ける凹部が千鳥状に形成されていることが好ましい。この凹部に玉を受けることにより、玉は保持器の周方向に千鳥状に交互に配列され、転動体の充填率を85%以上にすることもできる。後述する実施例においては充填率は115%である。
【0014】
更に、本発明においては、転動体が玉であり、前記複数列の玉の接触角を異なる角度に設定することにより、用途に応じて(例えば、過大なラジアル荷重や過大なアキシャル荷重が発生する場合)、複列の転動体(玉)の接触角を互いに違う接触角にして、各列の転動体(玉)に、それぞれ過大なラジアル荷重および過大なアキシャル荷重に対応させることが可能となる。例えば、一方の列の接触角を0°に近づけることにより、ラジアル荷重に強くでき、また、他方の列の接触角を90°に近づけることにより、アキシャル荷重に強くできる。このようにして、ラジアル荷重およびアキシャル荷重にともに強い軸受とすることができる。
更に、本発明は、上述したような本発明に係る複列式一体アンギュラ軸受を、減速機や増速機などの歯車装置に用いることを提案する。本発明の軸受を歯車装置に用いることによって、歯車装置をコンパクトで、高モーメント荷重剛性とすることができる。また、本発明の軸受を産業ロボット用減速機等に使用する場合に、内輪軌道面を軸に形成することも可能である。
【0015】
【実施の形態】
以下、本発明の実施例を図示した図面を参照して、本発明を詳細に説明する。図1は本発明の複列式一体アンギュラ軸受1の一実施例の断面図である。図1において、この実施例のアンギュラ軸受1は、転動体10と、転動体10を保持する保持器12と、内外輪14、16とから構成されている。この実施例の転動体10は玉である。内外輪14、16は転動体(玉)10の内外軌道面14a、16aを有しており、転動体(玉)10と内外軌道面14a、16aとがラジアル方向に対して所定の接触角θを持って接触している。
【0016】
この実施例において、転動体(玉)10は複数列(図示した実施例では2列)18a、18b配設されており、各列18a、18bには、転動体10(玉)が周方向にそれぞれn1個、n2個、共通の保持器12に、アンギュラ軸受1の回転軸心Xを中心として異なるピッチ円直径d、dで設けられている。
【0017】
複数列18a、18bの転動体(玉)10は、アンギュラ軸受1の軸方向に間隔aを開けて配置されている。互いに隣接する該複数列18a、18bの転動体(玉)10の軸方向中心間隔aが転動体(玉)10の軸方向寸法未満となっており、図示した実施例では転動体10は玉のため、その直径DまたはDの小さい方未満となっている。
【0018】
アンギュラ軸受1の軸方向厚さHと内外輪14、16の半径方向幅Wとの関係は、W≧Hとすることが好ましい。なお、図示した実施例ではW=Hとしている。
【0019】
保持器12は、図3に示すように、その主要部が円錐面となっており、その円錐面12の周方向に第1列18aの転動体(玉)を受ける凹部12aが形成されており、第1列18aの凹部12aから軸方向に間隔aを開けて第2列18bの転動体(玉)を受ける凹部12bが形成されている。ここに、周方向に見た場合に、凹部12bは隣合う凹部12aの中間位置に位置しており、前述した間隔aを有していることにより、保持器12の周面に複数列18a、18bの玉10を受ける凹部12a、12bが千鳥状に形成されている。
【0020】
なお、複数列における周方向の転動体10(玉)の数n、nは等しく、すなわち、n=nとすることが好ましく、また、複数列における転動体10(玉)の直径D、Dは等しく、すなわち、D=Dとしてもよい。
【0021】
複数列18a、18bの転動体(玉)10のピッチ円直径d、d上の円周長さL、Lは、円周率をπとすると、
=πd
=πd
である。従って、第1列18aの転動体(玉)10の充填率は、
【0022】
【数式1】

Figure 2004308792
となる。同様に、第2列18bの転動体(玉)10の充填率は、
【0023】
【数式2】
Figure 2004308792
となる。図示した実施例の複列式一体アンギュラ軸受においては、複列に転動体(玉)10が配列されているので、軸受全体としての転動体(玉)10の充填率は、
【0024】
【数式3】
Figure 2004308792
となり、前述したように、保持器を有する従来のアンギュラ軸受では、充填率は精々85%であったのに比較し、本発明によれば、85%を越える充填率を達成することができ、この実施例においては充填率は115%であった。
【0025】
しかも、本発明においては、複数列の転動体(玉)10を転動体の軸方向に中心間隔が転動体の軸方向寸法未満となるようにして、図3に示すように千鳥状に配列しているので、軸受の幅寸法を(従来の単列のものと同等程度と)著しく大きくすることなく、転動面を複列にして転動体の個数を可及的に増加させ、モーメント荷重剛性と軸受容量とを向上させた複列式一体アンギュラ軸受が提供される。
【0026】
本発明における複数列18a、18bの玉10の接触角θを図1および図4に示すように、等しくしてもよいが、図5に示すように複数列18a、18bの玉10の接触角をθ1、θ2と異ならせてもよい。
【0027】
このようにして、用途に応じて(例えば、過大なラジアル荷重や過大なアキシャル荷重が発生する場合)、複数列18a、18bの転動体(玉)10の接触角θ、θを互いに異ならせて、各列の転動体(玉)に、それぞれ過大なラジアル荷重および過大なアキシャル荷重に対応させることが可能となる。例えば、一方の列の接触角を0°に近づけることにより、ラジアル荷重に強くでき、また、他方の列の接触角を90°に近づけることにより、アキシャル荷重に強くできる。このようにして、ラジアル荷重およびアキシャル荷重にともに強い軸受とすることができる。
【0028】
また、保持器12は薄板状の後半から打ち抜いて形成したものでもよいが、ナイロン系樹脂などの合成樹脂製の保持器としてもよい。樹脂保持器とすることによって容易に案かに製作できる。
【0029】
図6は本発明の実施例の軸受を用いた歯車装置(図示した実施例は産業ロボット用減速機)の一例を示す断面図である。図6において、支持ブロック23本体は、円板状部27および円板状部27に突設した柱状部31からなる。円板状部27の表面には隣接柱状部31間に所定深さの軸受装着孔27bおよび支持ブロック23をフレーム等にボルト結合するための螺子孔27cを形成している。支持ブロック23の一部をなす端円板35を支持ブロックの柱状部31にピン(図示せず)により一体的に結合しており、端円板35を支持ブロックの柱状部31にボルト34によって固定している。螺子孔31eはボルト34の締結孔であり、柱状部31に形成されている。
【0030】
端円板35には、柱状部31のピン孔に対応してピン孔(図示せず)を穿ち、螺子孔31eに対応してボルト貫通孔35cを穿ち、前述の円板状部27に形成した軸受装着孔27bに対応して軸受装着孔35dを形成している。軸受装着孔27b、35dにそれぞれコロ軸受37、39を装着し、該軸受37、39間にピニオン33の自転運動を取出すピンとしてクランクピン41を回転可能に両端支持している。クランクピン41はその回転軸線に対し偏心配置した2つのクランク部41a、41cを有し、ピニオン33がクランク部41a、41cに嵌合されている。
【0031】
ピニオン33は外周面にペリサイクロイド曲線への等距離曲線からなる歯形の外歯を有し、クランクピン41のクランク部41aまたは41cに軸受45を介して係合するピン孔33bを具備する。さらにピニオン33の中心部から半径方向に放射状に延在し支持ブロック23に形成した柱状部41より僅かに大きい寸法の柱状部用溝(図示せず)を形成している。
【0032】
本実施例においては支持ブロック23の円板状部27および端円板35の外周部に本発明に係る複列式一体アンギュラ軸受1、1を装着し、ハブ40を回転可能に支持している。ハブ40は車両の駆動スプロケットを駆動するもので、その内周面に、ピニオン33の外周に形成した外歯の歯数より僅かに多い数の内歯を形成している。ピニオン33の柱状部用溝は支持ブロック23の柱状部31により形成される柱状部31に遊嵌合しており、クランクピン41の自転運動によりそのクランク部41a、41cの中心軸線がクランクピン41の回転軸線に対して公転運動することにより2つのピニオン33は偏心公転運動され、外歯がハブ40の内歯歯車と係合する。
【0033】
この実施例においては、軸受の幅寸法を著しく大きくすることなく、負荷能力を向上させることができる本発明のアンギュラ軸受を過酷なモーメント荷重が作用する産業ロボット用減速機に採用しているので、産業ロボットを大型化することなく大きなモーメント荷重を支えることができる。
【0034】
図7に本発明の軸受を産業ロボット用減速機等に使用した別の実施例を示している。この図7に示す実施例においては、本発明に係るアンギュラ軸受の内輪軌道面を軸(実施例においては、円板状部27の周面)に形成している。この構成により、アンギュラ軸受をコンパクトにでき、大型化することなく大きなモーメント荷重を支えることができる産業ロボットが提供される。
【0035】
図6および図7に示した実施例では本発明に係るアンギュラ軸受を産業ロボット用減速機等に使用したが、減速機に限らず増速機など、歯車装置に用いることができる。また、本発明に係るアンギュラ軸受は産業ロボットに限られるものではなく、軸受の幅寸法を著しく大きくすることなく、充填率を高め、アンギュラ軸受の負荷能力を向上させることが要求される機器に採用することができる。
【0036】
【発明の効果】
本発明によれば、軸受の幅寸法を著しく大きくすることなく、充填率を高め、アンギュラ軸受の負荷能力を向上させることができる。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】本発明の複列式一体アンギュラ軸受の一例を示す断面図である。
【図2】本発明の一実施例のアンギュラ軸受の保持器上での玉の配列を示す斜視図である。
【図3】図2に示した実施例の保持器を示し、(a)は部分斜視図、(b)は上面図である。
【図4】図1に示した実施例の上部の部分断面図である。
【図5】他の実施例の上部の部分断面図である。
【図6】図1に示した実施例の軸受を用いた歯車装置を示す断面図である。
【図7】本発明の軸受の内輪を歯車装置の軸に一体的に形成した実施例を示す断面図である。
【図8】従来のアンギュラ軸受の一例を示す断面図である。
【図9】図8に示すアンギュラ軸受の保持器上での玉の配列を示す斜視図である。
【図10】従来の別のアンギュラ軸受を示す断面図である。
【図11】従来のアンギュラ軸受を用いた従来の歯車装置を示す断面図である。
【符号の説明】
1 アンギュラ軸受
10 転動体(玉)
12 保持器
14 内輪
14a 内軌道面
16 外輪
16a 外軌道面
18a、18b 転動体(玉)列
、D 玉の直径
、d ピッチ円直径
θ、θ 接触角[0001]
TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to an angular bearing and a gear device using the same. More specifically, the present invention particularly relates to an angular ball bearing used under conditions where a severe moment load acts, such as a speed reducer for an industrial robot, and a gear device such as a speed reducer using the same.
[0002]
[Prior art]
[Patent Document 1] JP-A-9-264321 [Patent Document 2] JP-A-11-325060 [Patent Document 3] JP-B-43-4721 [Patent Document 4] JP-B-44-262242 ]
Generally, as shown in FIG. 8, the angular bearing has a rolling element 10, a retainer 12 for holding the rolling element 10, and internal and external raceway surfaces 14 a and 16 a of the rolling element 10. The inner and outer race surfaces 14a and 16a are provided with inner and outer rings 14 and 16 that come into contact with the radial direction at a predetermined contact angle θ.
[0004]
Due to this configuration, a radial load and an axial load in one direction can be applied to the angular bearing. As shown in FIG. 8, the rolling element (ball) 10 is arranged in a row in one angular bearing, or two rolling elements (balls) 10 are arranged in one angular bearing as shown in FIG. Some are arranged in rows (note that the cage is not shown in FIG. 10), but this requires an angular bearing.
[0005]
Further, as described in Patent Document 1 (Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 9-264321), angular bearings can be used in a single row or in multiple rows using a plurality of angular bearings, depending on the application and the size of the load. They are used in front-to-back or back-to-back combinations. However, there is a problem that the size of the bearing increases when used in combination in a double row.
[0006]
Conventionally, to improve the load capacity of angular bearings, it is common to increase the thickness of the bearing ring, increase the number of rolling elements, and optimize the radius of curvature of the rolling elements and the inner and outer raceway surfaces. Has been adopted.
[0007]
In order to improve the load capacity of the angular bearing, increasing the thickness of the bearing ring or arranging the rolling elements in parallel as in the past increases the overall size of the bearing, and , And there is a restriction that the demand for compactness cannot be dealt with.
[0008]
Also, since the number of rolling elements is to be increased, the number of rolling elements that can be filled is limited. For example, in the case of a conventional angular bearing used for a bearing of a reduction gear for an industrial robot as shown in FIG. 11, the filling factor of the rolling elements is 85% or less. Here, the filling rate is a percentage (100 × D) obtained by dividing the distance obtained by multiplying the diameter (D) of the rolling element by the number of rolling elements (N) by the circumferential length (L) on the pitch circle diameter of the rolling element. × N / L). As described above, in the conventional angular bearing having the cage, the filling rate is at most 85%.
[0009]
Patent Literature 2 (Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. H11-325060) discloses a bearing in which a cage is eliminated and a filling rate is increased as a total ball (ball). However, when the total ball rolling bearing disclosed in Patent Document 2 is used for a reduction gear for an industrial robot in which a more severe moment is generated, as shown in FIG. 11, the angular bearing is composed of rolling elements (balls). Rubbing may result in a headband-shaped scratch on the surface of the rolling element (ball), which may shorten the bearing life.
[0010]
Further, Patent Document 3 (Japanese Patent Publication No. 43-4721) and Patent Document 4 (Japanese Patent Publication No. 44-24242) disclose two rows of balls having different pitch circle diameters by two sets of cages in one angular bearing. It is disclosed that the bearings are axially spaced apart from the ball diameter. However, in the angular bearings disclosed in Patent Literature 3 and Patent Literature 4, two rows of ball bearings are arranged at an interval larger than the ball diameter in the axial direction. There is a problem that the size of the bearing increases as in the case where the bearing is used.
[0011]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
The present invention solves the problems associated with the prior art as described above, and does not significantly increase the width of the bearing so as to be substantially the same as that of the conventional single-row bearing. An object of the present invention is to provide an angular bearing that can be used.
[0012]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In the present invention, the rolling element, the retainer for holding the rolling element, and the inner and outer raceway surfaces of the rolling element, and the rolling element and the inner and outer raceway surfaces have a predetermined contact angle with respect to the radial direction. In an angular bearing having inner and outer rings that come into contact with each other, a plurality of rows of rolling elements having different pitch circle diameters are arranged at intervals in the axial direction of the angular bearing, and an axial direction of the adjacent plurality of rows of rolling elements is provided. The above object is achieved by a double-row integral angular bearing, wherein the center interval is smaller than the axial dimension of the rolling element.
[0013]
As with the conventional angular bearing, rollers and balls can be used as the rolling elements of the angular bearing of the present invention. In the present invention, particularly as shown in the embodiment, the rolling element is a ball, and there is one cage for a plurality of rows of rolling elements, and a plurality of rows of balls are received on the peripheral surface of the cage. Preferably, the recesses are formed in a staggered manner. By receiving the balls in the concave portions, the balls are alternately arranged in a staggered manner in the circumferential direction of the cage, and the filling factor of the rolling elements can be made 85% or more. In the example described later, the filling rate is 115%.
[0014]
Furthermore, in the present invention, the rolling element is a ball, and by setting the contact angles of the plurality of rows of balls to different angles, depending on the application (for example, an excessive radial load or an excessive axial load is generated). Case), the contact angles of the double-row rolling elements (balls) are set to different contact angles, so that the rolling elements (balls) in each row can correspond to an excessive radial load and an excessive axial load, respectively. . For example, by making the contact angle of one row close to 0 °, it is possible to withstand a radial load, and by making the contact angle of the other row close to 90 °, it is possible to withstand an axial load. In this way, a bearing that is strong against both radial load and axial load can be obtained.
Furthermore, the present invention proposes to use the double-row type integral angular bearing according to the present invention as described above for a gear device such as a speed reducer or a speed increasing device. By using the bearing of the present invention in a gear device, the gear device can be made compact and have high moment load rigidity. Further, when the bearing of the present invention is used for a reduction gear for an industrial robot or the like, it is also possible to form the inner raceway surface on a shaft.
[0015]
Embodiment
Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings illustrating embodiments of the present invention. FIG. 1 is a sectional view of an embodiment of a double-row type integral angular bearing 1 according to the present invention. 1, the angular bearing 1 of this embodiment includes a rolling element 10, a retainer 12 for holding the rolling element 10, and inner and outer rings 14 and 16. The rolling element 10 of this embodiment is a ball. The inner and outer races 14, 16 have inner and outer raceway surfaces 14a, 16a of the rolling element (ball) 10, and the rolling element (ball) 10 and the inner and outer raceway surfaces 14a, 16a have a predetermined contact angle θ with respect to the radial direction. Have contact.
[0016]
In this embodiment, the rolling elements (balls) 10 are arranged in a plurality of rows (two rows in the illustrated embodiment) 18a, 18b, and the rolling elements 10 (balls) are arranged in each row 18a, 18b in the circumferential direction. The n1, n2, and common cages 12 are provided with different pitch circle diameters d 1 and d 2 around the rotation axis X of the angular bearing 1.
[0017]
The rolling elements (balls) 10 in the plurality of rows 18a, 18b are arranged at intervals a in the axial direction of the angular bearing 1. The axial center distance a of the rolling elements (balls) 10 of the plurality of rows 18a and 18b adjacent to each other is smaller than the axial dimension of the rolling elements (balls) 10, and in the illustrated embodiment, the rolling elements 10 Therefore, it has become less than the smaller of the diameter D 1 or D 2.
[0018]
It is preferable that the relationship between the axial thickness H of the angular bearing 1 and the radial width W of the inner and outer rings 14 and 16 is W ≧ H. In the illustrated embodiment, W = H.
[0019]
As shown in FIG. 3, the main part of the retainer 12 is a conical surface, and a concave portion 12 a that receives the rolling elements (balls) in the first row 18 a is formed in the circumferential direction of the conical surface 12. The recesses 12b for receiving the rolling elements (balls) of the second row 18b are formed at an interval a in the axial direction from the recesses 12a of the first row 18a. Here, when viewed in the circumferential direction, the concave portion 12b is located at an intermediate position between the adjacent concave portions 12a, and has the above-described interval a, so that the plurality of rows 18a, The recesses 12a and 12b for receiving the ball 10 of 18b are formed in a staggered manner.
[0020]
Note that the numbers n 1 and n 2 of the rolling elements 10 (balls) in the circumferential direction in the plurality of rows are preferably equal, that is, n 1 = n 2, and the diameter of the rolling elements 10 (balls) in the plurality of rows. D 1 and D 2 may be equal, that is, D 1 = D 2 .
[0021]
The circumferential lengths L 1 , L 2 on the pitch circle diameters d 1 , d 2 of the rolling elements (balls) 10 in the plurality of rows 18 a, 18 b are as follows:
L 1 = πd 1 ,
L 2 = πd 2
It is. Therefore, the filling rate of the rolling elements (balls) 10 in the first row 18a is
[0022]
[Formula 1]
Figure 2004308792
It becomes. Similarly, the filling rate of the rolling elements (balls) 10 in the second row 18b is
[0023]
[Formula 2]
Figure 2004308792
It becomes. In the double-row type integral angular bearing of the illustrated embodiment, since the rolling elements (balls) 10 are arranged in a double row, the filling rate of the rolling elements (balls) 10 as the entire bearing is:
[0024]
(Equation 3)
Figure 2004308792
As described above, in the conventional angular bearing having the retainer, the filling rate was at most 85%, but according to the present invention, the filling rate exceeding 85% could be achieved. In this example, the filling factor was 115%.
[0025]
Moreover, in the present invention, a plurality of rows of rolling elements (balls) 10 are arranged in a staggered manner as shown in FIG. 3 such that the center interval in the axial direction of the rolling elements is smaller than the axial dimension of the rolling elements. Because the bearing width is not greatly increased (equivalent to that of the conventional single row), the number of rolling elements is increased as much as possible by using two rows of rolling surfaces, And a double-row integral angular bearing with improved bearing capacity.
[0026]
The contact angles θ of the balls 10 in the plural rows 18a and 18b in the present invention may be equal as shown in FIGS. 1 and 4, but the contact angles of the balls 10 in the plural rows 18a and 18b as shown in FIG. May be different from θ1 and θ2.
[0027]
In this way, depending on the application (for example, when an excessive radial load or an excessive axial load is generated), if the contact angles θ 1 and θ 2 of the rolling elements (balls) 10 in the plurality of rows 18a and 18b are different from each other. Thus, the rolling elements (balls) in each row can be made to correspond to an excessive radial load and an excessive axial load, respectively. For example, by making the contact angle of one row close to 0 °, it is possible to withstand a radial load, and by making the contact angle of the other row close to 90 °, it is possible to withstand an axial load. In this way, a bearing that is strong against both radial load and axial load can be obtained.
[0028]
The retainer 12 may be formed by punching out the latter half of a thin plate, but may be a retainer made of a synthetic resin such as a nylon resin. By using a resin retainer, it can be easily and creatively manufactured.
[0029]
FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view showing an example of a gear device using a bearing according to the embodiment of the present invention (the illustrated embodiment is a reduction gear for an industrial robot). In FIG. 6, the main body of the support block 23 includes a disk-shaped portion 27 and a columnar portion 31 protruding from the disk-shaped portion 27. On the surface of the disc-shaped portion 27, a bearing mounting hole 27b of a predetermined depth and a screw hole 27c for bolting the support block 23 to a frame or the like are formed between the adjacent columnar portions 31. An end disk 35 forming a part of the support block 23 is integrally connected to the column 31 of the support block by a pin (not shown), and the end disk 35 is connected to the column 31 of the support block by a bolt 34. It is fixed. The screw hole 31 e is a fastening hole for the bolt 34, and is formed in the column 31.
[0030]
A pin hole (not shown) is formed in the end disk 35 corresponding to the pin hole of the columnar portion 31 and a bolt through hole 35c is formed in the end disk 35 corresponding to the screw hole 31e. The bearing mounting hole 35d is formed corresponding to the bearing mounting hole 27b. Roller bearings 37 and 39 are mounted in the bearing mounting holes 27b and 35d, respectively, and crank pins 41 are rotatably supported at both ends as pins for taking out the rotation of the pinion 33 between the bearings 37 and 39. The crank pin 41 has two crank portions 41a and 41c eccentrically arranged with respect to its rotation axis, and the pinion 33 is fitted to the crank portions 41a and 41c.
[0031]
The pinion 33 has external teeth of a tooth shape formed of an equidistant curve to a pericycloid curve on the outer peripheral surface, and is provided with a pin hole 33 b that engages with the crank portion 41 a or 41 c of the crank pin 41 via a bearing 45. Further, a column-shaped groove (not shown) extending radially from the center of the pinion 33 in the radial direction and having a size slightly larger than the column-shaped portion 41 formed in the support block 23 is formed.
[0032]
In the present embodiment, the double row integral angular bearings 1 and 1 according to the present invention are mounted on the outer peripheral portions of the disc-shaped portion 27 and the end disc 35 of the support block 23, and the hub 40 is rotatably supported. . The hub 40 drives a drive sprocket of the vehicle, and has an inner peripheral surface having a slightly larger number of internal teeth than the number of external teeth formed on the outer periphery of the pinion 33. The column portion groove of the pinion 33 is loosely fitted to the column portion 31 formed by the column portion 31 of the support block 23, and the central axis of the crank portions 41 a and 41 c is moved by the rotation of the crank pin 41. The two pinions 33 are eccentrically revolved by the orbital movement with respect to the rotation axis of, and the external teeth engage with the internal gear of the hub 40.
[0033]
In this embodiment, the angular bearing of the present invention, which can improve the load capacity without significantly increasing the width of the bearing, is employed in an industrial robot reducer in which a severe moment load acts. A large moment load can be supported without increasing the size of the industrial robot.
[0034]
FIG. 7 shows another embodiment in which the bearing of the present invention is used for a speed reducer for an industrial robot or the like. In the embodiment shown in FIG. 7, the inner raceway surface of the angular bearing according to the present invention is formed on a shaft (in the embodiment, the peripheral surface of the disc-shaped portion 27). With this configuration, an industrial robot that can make the angular bearing compact and can support a large moment load without increasing the size is provided.
[0035]
In the embodiments shown in FIGS. 6 and 7, the angular bearing according to the present invention is used for a reduction gear for an industrial robot, but can be used not only for a reduction gear but also for a gear device such as a speed increasing gear. In addition, the angular bearing according to the present invention is not limited to industrial robots, and is used in equipment that is required to increase the filling rate and improve the load capacity of the angular bearing without significantly increasing the width of the bearing. can do.
[0036]
【The invention's effect】
ADVANTAGE OF THE INVENTION According to this invention, a filling rate can be raised and the load capacity of an angular bearing can be improved, without making the width dimension of a bearing remarkably large.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a sectional view showing an example of a double-row type integral angular bearing of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a perspective view showing an arrangement of balls on a retainer of the angular bearing according to one embodiment of the present invention.
3A and 3B show the cage of the embodiment shown in FIG. 2, wherein FIG. 3A is a partial perspective view and FIG. 3B is a top view.
FIG. 4 is a partial sectional view of the upper part of the embodiment shown in FIG. 1;
FIG. 5 is a partial cross-sectional view of the upper part of another embodiment.
FIG. 6 is a sectional view showing a gear device using the bearing of the embodiment shown in FIG. 1;
FIG. 7 is a sectional view showing an embodiment in which the inner ring of the bearing of the present invention is formed integrally with the shaft of the gear device.
FIG. 8 is a sectional view showing an example of a conventional angular bearing.
9 is a perspective view showing an arrangement of balls on a cage of the angular bearing shown in FIG. 8;
FIG. 10 is a sectional view showing another conventional angular bearing.
FIG. 11 is a sectional view showing a conventional gear device using a conventional angular bearing.
[Explanation of symbols]
1 angular bearing 10 rolling element (ball)
12 retainer 14 inner ring 14a in the raceway surface 16 outer ring 16a outside raceway surface 18a, 18b rolling elements (balls) column D 1, the diameter d 1 of the D 2 balls, d 2 pitch diameter theta 1, theta 2 contact angle

Claims (4)

転動体と、転動体を保持する保持器と、転動体の内外軌道面を有し、かつ、転動体と内外軌道面とがラジアル方向に対して所定の接触角を持って接触する内外輪とを具備するアンギュラ軸受において、ピッチ円直径が異なる複数列の転動体が該アンギュラ軸受の軸方向に間隔を開けて配置されており、隣接する該複数列の転動体の軸方向中心間隔が転動体の軸方向寸法未満であることを特徴とする複列式一体アンギュラ軸受。A rolling element, a retainer for holding the rolling element, and an inner and outer ring having inner and outer raceway surfaces of the rolling element, and the rolling element and the inner and outer raceway contacting with a predetermined contact angle in the radial direction. A plurality of rows of rolling elements having different pitch circle diameters are arranged at intervals in the axial direction of the angular bearing, and the axial center distance between the adjacent rows of rolling elements is equal to the rolling elements. A double-row integral angular bearing having a dimension less than the axial dimension of 前記転動体が玉であり、複数列の転動体に対して一つの保持器があり、該保持器の周面に複数列の玉を受ける凹部が千鳥状に形成されていることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の複列式一体アンギュラ軸受。The rolling element is a ball, and there is one cage for a plurality of rows of rolling elements, and concave portions for receiving a plurality of rows of balls are formed in a zigzag pattern on a peripheral surface of the cage. The double row integral angular bearing according to claim 1. 前記転動体が玉であり、前記複数列の玉の接触角を異なる角度に設定したことを特徴とする請求項1または2に記載の複列式一体アンギュラ軸受。3. The double-row integral angular bearing according to claim 1, wherein the rolling elements are balls, and the contact angles of the plurality of rows of balls are set to different angles. 請求項1〜3の何れか1項に記載の複列式一体アンギュラ軸受を用いたことを特徴とする歯車装置。A gear device using the double-row type integral angular bearing according to claim 1.
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DE102005029983A1 (en) * 2005-06-28 2007-01-11 Schaeffler Kg Multi-row angular contact bearing, in particular for supporting the bevel pinion shaft in a motor vehicle rear-axle transmission
DE102006035163A1 (en) * 2006-07-29 2008-01-31 Schaeffler Kg Diagonal separable bearing i.e. clutch release bearing, for switching separation clutch, has roller body designed as ball roller, where width of body is reduced to certain percentages between side surfaces opposite to diameter of ball base
DE102006051643A1 (en) * 2006-11-02 2008-05-08 Schaeffler Kg Double-row tandem-angular roller bearing for supporting shaft or hub with axial and radial moment load, has rolling unit formed by casters, and another rolling unit formed by balls, and rows rolling on different angle axes in its paths
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DE102005029983A1 (en) * 2005-06-28 2007-01-11 Schaeffler Kg Multi-row angular contact bearing, in particular for supporting the bevel pinion shaft in a motor vehicle rear-axle transmission
DE102006035163A1 (en) * 2006-07-29 2008-01-31 Schaeffler Kg Diagonal separable bearing i.e. clutch release bearing, for switching separation clutch, has roller body designed as ball roller, where width of body is reduced to certain percentages between side surfaces opposite to diameter of ball base
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JP2008128448A (en) * 2006-11-24 2008-06-05 Ntn Corp Tandem double-row angular ball bearing
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US10612585B2 (en) 2015-11-03 2020-04-07 Sew-Eurodrive Gmbh & Co. Kg Angular contact bearing and gear mechanism comprising a thrust washer
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JP7055615B2 (en) 2016-10-13 2022-04-18 スーパーターボ テクノロジーズ,インコーポレーテッド Driven turbocharger, method of applying tightening force in planetary traction drive, and planetary traction drive
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