JP2004290133A - Cell culture substrate and method for producing the same - Google Patents

Cell culture substrate and method for producing the same Download PDF

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Publication number
JP2004290133A
JP2004290133A JP2003090025A JP2003090025A JP2004290133A JP 2004290133 A JP2004290133 A JP 2004290133A JP 2003090025 A JP2003090025 A JP 2003090025A JP 2003090025 A JP2003090025 A JP 2003090025A JP 2004290133 A JP2004290133 A JP 2004290133A
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cell culture
polylactic acid
culture substrate
fiber
producing
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JP2004290133A5 (en
JP4383763B2 (en
Inventor
Takanori Miyoshi
孝則 三好
Nobuya Komura
伸弥 小村
Yoshihiko Washimi
芳彦 鷲見
Hiromasa Minematsu
宏昌 峯松
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Teijin Ltd
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Teijin Ltd
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Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a cell culture substrate having an adequate decomposition rate in living bodies and good adhesiveness of cell and suitable for cell culture and to provide a method for producing the substrate. <P>SOLUTION: The present invention provides the cell culture substrate constituted of a fiber structure consisting of a fiber having 0.01-1 μm average fiber diameter and mainly composed of a polylactic acid fiber having ≥100,000 weight-average molecular weight and the method for producing the fiber structure by static spinning. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2005,JPO&NCIPI

Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は細胞培養基材、およびその製造方法に関する。更に詳しくは、適度な分解速度と強度を有し、かつ大きな表面積を有している細胞培養基材、およびその製造方法に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
再生医療分野においては、細胞を培養する際に基材として多孔体が用いられることがある。多孔体としては凍結乾燥による発泡体や繊維構造体が知られている。これら多孔体は細胞との親和性や生体内分解性、安全性などが必要とされる。
【0003】
ポリ乳酸は、これら生体内分解性や安全性が知られている材料の中でも比較的安価に入手可能である。特に、L−乳酸成分を主とするポリ乳酸は、最近大量に製造されている。
【0004】
例えば、生体内分解性、安全性が知られているポリ乳酸の多孔体を細胞培養基材に用いることが検討されている(例えば、非特許文献1参照。)。
【0005】
しかしながら、これら方法は、細胞が接着できる面積は不十分であり、より表面積の大きい多孔体が望まれており、その一つとして繊維径の小さい繊維構造体が検討されてきた。
【0006】
繊維径の小さい繊維構造体を製造する方法として、静電紡糸法が知られている。(例えば、特許文献1および2参照。)。静電紡糸法は、液体、例えば繊維形成物質を含有する溶液等を電場内に導入し、これにより液体を電極に向かって曳かせ、繊維状物質を形成させる工程を包含する。普通、繊維形成物質は溶液から曳き出される間に硬化させる。硬化は、例えば冷却(例えば、紡糸液体が室温で固体である場合)、化学的硬化(例えば、硬化用蒸気による処理)、または溶媒の蒸発などにより行われる。また、得られる繊維状物質は、適宜に配置した受容体上に捕集され、必要ならばそこから剥離することも出来る。また、静電紡糸法は不織布状の繊維状物質を直接得ることが出来るため、一旦繊維を製糸した後、さらに繊維構造体を形成する必要がなく、操作が簡便である。
【0007】
静電紡糸法によって得られる繊維構造体を、細胞を培養する基材に用いることも知られている。例えばポリ乳酸よりなる繊維構造体を静電紡糸法により形成し、この上で平滑筋細胞を培養することにより血管の再生が検討されている(例えば、非特許文献2参照。)。
【0008】
しかしながら、この方法で得られたポリ乳酸よりなる繊維構造体は、繊維径が10μm程度であり、かつ繊維の密度が高いため、細胞培養に十分な表面積を得るにはいまだ不十分であった。
【0009】
また、分子量1万程度のポリ乳酸よりなる繊維構造体を静電紡糸法により形成することが検討されている(例えば、特許文献3参照。)。この方法では比較的繊維径の小さい繊維構造体が得られるものの、ポリ乳酸の分子量が小さいため再生医療用の細胞培養基材として用いて生体内へ埋め込んだとき、その分解速度が速すぎるという問題があった。また、この方法は結晶性の低いL−乳酸/D−乳酸(5/5)の共重合体には適用できるものの、L−乳酸の組成比が増えてポリ乳酸の結晶性が増加すると、繊維径の小さい繊維構造体を得ることが出来ず結晶性の高いL−乳酸に適用することは困難である。
【0010】
また、静電紡糸法により形成したポリ乳酸の繊維構造体は、細胞接着性が乏しく、細胞培養基材として適さないことがあった。
【0011】
【特許文献1】
特開昭63−145465号公報
【0012】
【特許文献2】
特開2002−249966号公報
【0013】
【特許文献3】
US2002/0173213号公報
【0014】
【非特許文献1】
大野典也、相澤益男監訳代表「再生医学」株式会社エヌ・ティー・エス、2002年1月31日、262頁
【0015】
【非特許文献2】
Joel D.Stitzel, Kristin J.Pawlowski, Gary E.Wnek, David G.Simpson, Gary L.Bowlin著、Journal of Biomaterials Applications 2001,16,22−33
【0016】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
本発明の課題は、再生医療分野において細胞培養に適している大きな表面積を持つ基材を提供することにある。詳細には生体内で適度な分解速度を有し、かつ細胞の接着性が良く細胞培養に適した細胞培養基材とその製造方法を提供することにある。
【0017】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本願発明の発明者は前記課題を解決するために、主として重量平均分子量10万以上のポリ乳酸に着目し、適当な分解速度を有する高分子量かつ高結晶性のポリ乳酸よりなる大きな表面積を持つ細胞培養基材を発明するに至り、また該細胞培養基材の製造方法を提供するに至った。
【0018】
本発明は、以下のとおりである。
1.平均繊維径が0.01〜1μmのかつ表面が実質的に平滑な繊維よりなり、かつ主として重量平均分子量10万以上のポリ乳酸繊維よりなる繊維構造体で構成される細胞培養基材。
2.該ポリ乳酸の比旋光度が−100°より小さい、1.記載の細胞培養基材。
3.繊維構造体が不織布である、1.または2.に記載の細胞培養基材。
4.平均繊維径が0.01〜1μmの繊維よりなり、かつ主として重量平均分子量10万以上のポリ乳酸繊維よりなる繊維構造体で構成される細胞培養基材の製造方法であって、(1)重量平均分子量10万以上のポリ乳酸を、任意の割合で水に溶解しうる有機化合物を含有する溶媒に溶解する段階と、(2)前記段階で製造された溶液を静電紡糸法にて紡糸する段階、および(3)捕集基板に累積される繊維構造体を得る段階を含む細胞培養基材の製造方法。
5.該ポリ乳酸の比旋光度が−100°より小さいポリ乳酸を用いることを特徴とする4.に記載の細胞培養基材の製造方法。
6.該溶媒が、任意の割合で水に溶解する有機化合物と、水に10%以上溶解しない有機溶媒との混合溶媒よりなることを特徴とする、4.または5.記載の細胞培養基材の製造方法。
【0019】
【発明の実施の形態】
以下、本発明について詳述する。本発明に用いる繊維構造体とは、単数または複数の繊維が積層され、織り、編まれ若しくはその他の手法により形成された3次元の構造体を指すが、単繊維であるフィラメントおよびフィラメントを複数集めたヤーンも包含するものとする。具体的な繊維構造体の形態としては、例えば不織布、織布、編布、チューブ、メッシュ、などが好ましく挙げられる。より好ましい形態は、不織布である。
【0020】
本発明に用いる繊維構造体は、主として重量平均分子量10万以上のポリ乳酸よりなることを特徴とする。重量平均分子量が10万以下のとき、細胞培養時や細胞培養後生体内に移植した際の分解が速すぎるため好ましくない。より好ましい重量平均分子量は10万〜100万である。
【0021】
本発明に用いる繊維構造体を主として形成するポリ乳酸は、比旋光度が−100°より小さいことが好ましい。ここで言う比旋光度とは、クロロホルム100mlにポリ乳酸1gを溶解した溶液を20℃で測定した値である。比旋光度が−100°より大きいと細胞培養時や細胞培養後生体内に移植した際の分解が速すぎるため好ましくない。より好ましい比旋光度は−155〜−120°である。
【0022】
本発明に用いる繊維構造体は、その目的を損なわない範囲で他のポリマーを含んでいても良い。
【0023】
本発明に用いる繊維構造体を形成する繊維の平均繊維径は0.01〜1μmである。平均繊維径が0.01μmより小さいと、細胞培養時や細胞培養後生体内に移植した際の分解が速すぎるため好ましくない。また、平均繊維径が1μmより大きいと、細胞培養に十分な表面積を得ることができず、好ましくない。より好ましくは、0.02〜0.8μmである。
【0024】
本発明の繊維構造体を形成する繊維は実質的に平滑でなければならない。ここで言う、実質的に平滑とは繊維構造体の走査型電子顕微鏡で20000倍まで拡大しても表面に濃淡が観察されない状態である。表面の平滑性が悪いときは、細胞の接着性が悪く好ましくない。
【0025】
本発明に用いる繊維構造体を製造する方法としては、先述の特性を満たす繊維等が得られる手法であれば特に限定されないが、静電紡糸法が操作性や簡便性から好ましい。以下静電紡糸法により製造する方法について詳細に説明する。
【0026】
本発明で用いる静電紡糸法では重量平均分子量が10万以上のポリ乳酸を、任意の割合で水に溶解しうる有機化合物を含有する溶媒に溶解した溶液を電極間に形成された静電場中に吐出し、溶液を電極に向けて曳糸し、形成される繊維状物質を捕集基板に累積することによって繊維構造体を得ることができる。繊維状物質とは既に溶液の溶媒が完全に留去されて繊維構造体となっている状態のみならず、いまだ溶液の溶媒を含んでいる状態も示している。
【0027】
まず静電紡糸法で用いる装置について説明する。本発明で用いられる電極は、金属、無機物、または有機物のいかなるものでも導電性を示しさえすれば良い。また、絶縁物上に導電性を示す金属、無機物、または有機物の薄膜を持つものであっても良い。本発明における静電場は一対又は複数の電極間で形成されており、いずれの電極に高電圧を印加しても良い。これは例えば電圧値が異なる高電圧の電極が2つ(例えば15kVと10kV)と、アースにつながった電極の合計3つの電極を用いる場合も含み、または3本を越える数の電極を使う場合も含むものとする。
【0028】
次に静電紡糸法による本発明の製造手法について詳細に説明する。まず重量平均分子量10万以上のポリ乳酸を、任意の割合で水に溶解する有機化合物を含有する溶媒に溶解する段階がある。本発明の製造方法における溶液中のポリ乳酸の濃度は1〜50重量%であることが好ましい。ポリ乳酸の濃度が1重量%より小さいと、濃度が低すぎるため繊維構造体を形成することが困難となり好ましくない。また、50重量%より大きいと溶液の粘度が増大するために、電極間により高電圧をかける必要が生じるため好ましくない。より好ましいポリ乳酸の濃度は2〜25重量%である。
【0029】
本発明で溶液を形成する、任意の割合で水に溶解する有機化合物を含有する溶媒とは、常温(例えば27℃)で全ての組成比で水と均一に混合する有機化合物を含有する溶媒である。本発明で用いられる、任意の割合で水に溶解する有機化合物としては、例えばN,N−ジメチルホルムアミド、メタノール、エタノール、アセトン、などが挙げられる。これらのうち、特にN,N−ジメチルホルムアミドが好ましい。これらの溶媒は単独で用いても良く、複数の溶媒を組み合わせても良い。
【0030】
また、本発明においては、上記任意の割合で水に溶解する有機化合物と、水に10%以上溶解しない有機溶媒を混合して用いることが、上記特性を有する繊維構造体を容易に形成できることから好ましい。本発明で用いられる、水に10%以上溶解しない有機溶媒としては、例えば塩化メチレン、クロロホルム、ジクロロエタン、テトラクロロエタン、トリクロロエタン、ジブロモメタン、ブロモホルムなどのハロゲン元素含有炭化水素がポリ乳酸の溶解性から好ましく、特に塩化メチレンが好ましい。これらの溶媒は単独で用いても良く、複数の揮発性溶媒を組み合わせても良い。また、本発明においては、本目的を損なわない範囲で、更に他の溶媒を併用しても良い。
【0031】
次に前記溶液を静電紡糸法にて紡糸する段階について説明する。該溶液を静電場中に吐出するには、任意の方法を用いることが出来る。例えば、一例として図1を用いて以下説明する。溶液2をノズルに供給することによって、溶液を静電場中の適切な位置に置き、そのノズルから溶液を電界によって曳糸して繊維化させる。このためには適宜な装置を用いることができ、例えば注射器の筒状の溶液保持槽3の先端部に適宜の手段、例えば高電圧発生器6にて電圧をかけた注射針状の溶液噴出ノズル1を設置して、溶液をその先端まで導く。接地した繊維状物質捕集電極5から適切な距離に該噴出ノズル1の先端を配置し、溶液2が該噴出ノズル1の先端を出るときにこの先端と繊維状物質捕集電極5の間にて繊維状物質を形成させる。
【0032】
また当業者には自明の方法で該溶液の微細滴を静電場中に導入することもできる。一例として図2を用いて以下に説明する。その際の唯一の要件は液滴を静電場中に置いて、繊維化が起こりうるような距離に繊維状物質捕集電極5から離して保持することである。例えば、ノズル1を有する溶液保持槽3中の溶液2に直接、直接繊維状物質捕集電極に対抗する電極4を挿入しても良い。
【0033】
該溶液をノズルから静電場中に供給する場合、数個のノズルを用いて繊維状物質の生産速度を上げることもできる。電極間の距離は、帯電量、ノズル寸法、紡糸液流量、紡糸液濃度等に依存するが、10kV程度のときには5〜20cmの距離が適当であった。また、印加される静電気電位は、一般に3〜100kV、好ましくは5〜50kV、一層好ましくは5〜30kVである。所望の電位は任意の適切な方法で作れば良い。
【0034】
上記説明は、電極が捕集基板を兼ねる場合であるが、電極間に捕集基板となりうる物を設置することで、電極と別に捕集基板を設け、そこに繊維構造体を捕集することが出来る。この場合、例えばベルト状物質を電極間に設置して、これを捕集基板とすることで、連続的な生産も可能となる。
【0035】
本発明において、ノズルと捕集基板の間の相対湿度を20%以上に維持すると、上記表面構造を有する繊維を簡便に得ることができ、好ましい。より好ましい相対湿度は25〜95%以上である。
【0036】
最後に捕集基板に累積される繊維積層体を得る段階について説明する。本発明においては、該溶液を捕集基板に向けて曳糸する間に、条件に応じて溶媒が蒸発して繊維状物質が形成される。通常の室温であれば捕集基板上に捕集されるまでの間に溶媒は完全に蒸発するが、もし溶媒蒸発が不十分な場合は減圧条件下で曳糸しても良い。また、曳糸する温度は溶媒の蒸発挙動や紡糸液の粘度に依存するが、通常は、0〜50℃である。
【0037】
本発明の細胞培養基材は、上記繊維構造体単独で構成されていても良いが、他の部材と組み合わされていても良い。また、本発明の細胞培養基材は、その特徴を損なわない範囲であれば、細胞成長因子や細胞増殖因子などの蛋白質や、コラーゲン等の細胞外マトリクス等を組み合わせても良い。
【0038】
【発明の効果】
本発明の細胞培養基材によって、再生医療分野において用いられる細胞培養に適した大きな表面積を持ち、細胞の接着性が良く、かつ生体内で適度な分解速度を有する細胞培養基材提供出来る。また、簡易な方法で上記基材を製造する方法を提供できる。
【0039】
【実施例】
以下本発明を実施例により説明するが、本発明は、これらの実施例に限定されるものではない。また以下の各実施例、比較例における評価項目は以下のとおりの手法にて実施した。
【0040】
[繊維表面構造の凹み部]
得られた繊維構造体の表面の走査型電子顕微鏡写真(倍率20000倍)を撮影し、その写真からn=20にて、凹み部の直径を測定した平均値を算出した。
【0041】
また、n=5にて、繊維表面に対する凹み部の占有割合を測定した平均値を算出した。
【0042】
[平均繊維径]
得られた繊維構造体の表面の走査型電子顕微鏡写真(倍率2000倍および8000倍)を撮影し、その写真からn=20にて繊維径を測定した平均値を算出した。
【0043】
[細胞培養評価]
得られた繊維構造体を直径24mmの円形に切り出し、滅菌のために70%エタノール水溶液に浸漬し風乾させた後、セルカルチャーインサート(BD Biosciences)にセットした。フィルムは培地に浸すことなく2x10Cells/ml/wellでマウス胎児線維芽細胞を播種し、wellプレート内に3mlの培地を入れて2日間、5%CO、37℃の条件でインキュベーター(Heraeus)内で培養を行った。
【0044】
培養後培地を取り除き、2.5%グルタルアルデヒド/リン酸緩衝液(0.2M リン酸1ナトリウム 19ml、0.2Mリン酸2ナトリウム 81ml、イオン交換水100ml)=1/9(体積比)を1ml加え、4℃で2時間放置した。2時間後リン酸緩衝液で洗浄した後、50、70、90、95、99.5%エタノールの順で脱水を行った。
【0045】
走査型電子顕微鏡写真を撮影した。(倍率:1,000倍)繊維構造体面積に占める、細胞および細胞外マトリクスの付着面積の割合を、n=3にて測定した平均値を算出した。
【0046】
[実施例1]
ポリ乳酸(島津製作所:商品名「Lacty 9031」、重量平均分子量168,000)1重量部を塩化メチレン(和光純薬工業、特級)4.5重量部、N,N−ジメチルホルムアミド4.5重量部(和光純薬工業、特級)に室温(22℃)にて溶解し、溶液を作成した。図2にしめす装置を用いて、該溶液を繊維状物質捕集電極5に5分間吐出した。噴出ノズル1の内径は0.8mm、電圧は12kV、噴出ノズル1から繊維状物質捕集電極5までの距離は10cm、相対湿度32%であった。得られた繊維構造体を走査型電子顕微鏡(日立製作所S−2400)で測定したところ、平均繊維径は0.5μmであり、繊維表面には凹み部が観察されなかった。繊維構造体の走査型電子顕微鏡写真を図3,4に示す。
【0047】
該繊維構造体の細胞培養評価結果は約70%であり、細胞培養基材として適していることが分かった。細胞接着後の走査型電子顕微鏡写真を図5に示す。
【0048】
[比較例1]
ポリ乳酸(島津製作所:商品名「Lacty 9031」、重量平均分子量168,000)1重量部を塩化メチレン(和光純薬工業、特級)9重量部に室温(22℃)にて溶解し、溶液を作成した。図2にしめす装置を用いて、該溶液を繊維状物質捕集電極5に5分間吐出した。噴出ノズル1の内径は0.8mm、電圧は12kV、噴出ノズル1から繊維状物質捕集電極5までの距離は12cm、相対湿度35%であった。得られた繊維構造体を走査型電子顕微鏡(日立製作所S−2400)で測定したところ、平均繊維径は3μmであり、繊維表面の凹み部の平均直径は0.15μm、凹み部の面積が繊維表面に占める割合は68%であった。繊維構造体の走査型電子顕微鏡写真を図6,7に示す。
【0049】
該繊維構造体の細胞培養性評価結果は約10%であり、細胞接着が抑制されていることが分かった。細胞接着後の走査型電子顕微鏡写真を図8に示す。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】本発明の製造方法のなかで、紡糸液を静電場中に吐出する静電紡糸法で用いる装置の一例である。
【図2】本発明の製造方法のなかで、紡糸液の微細滴を静電場中に導入する静電紡糸法で用いる装置の一例である。
【図3】実施例1で得られた繊維構造体の表面(2000倍)
【図4】実施例1で得られた繊維構造体の表面(20000倍)
【図5】実施例1で得られた繊維構造体への細胞培養評価結果(1000倍)
【図6】比較例1で得られた繊維構造体の表面(8000倍)
【図7】比較例1で得られた繊維構造体の表面(20000倍)
【図8】比較例1で得られた繊維構造体への細胞培養評価結果(1000倍)
【符号の説明】
1. ノズル
2. 紡糸液
3. 紡糸液保持槽
4. 電極
5. 繊維状物質捕集電極
6. 高電圧発生器
[0001]
TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a cell culture substrate and a method for producing the same. More specifically, the present invention relates to a cell culture substrate having an appropriate decomposition rate and strength and a large surface area, and a method for producing the same.
[0002]
[Prior art]
In the field of regenerative medicine, a porous body is sometimes used as a substrate when culturing cells. Known porous materials include freeze-dried foams and fiber structures. These porous materials are required to have affinity for cells, biodegradability, safety, and the like.
[0003]
Polylactic acid is available at a relatively low price among materials known to have biodegradability and safety. In particular, polylactic acid mainly containing an L-lactic acid component has recently been produced in large quantities.
[0004]
For example, it has been studied to use a polylactic acid porous material, which is known to have biodegradability and safety, as a cell culture substrate (for example, see Non-Patent Document 1).
[0005]
However, these methods have an insufficient area to which cells can adhere, and a porous body having a larger surface area is desired. As one of them, a fiber structure having a small fiber diameter has been studied.
[0006]
As a method for producing a fiber structure having a small fiber diameter, an electrostatic spinning method is known. (For example, see Patent Documents 1 and 2.) The electrospinning method includes a step of introducing a liquid, for example, a solution containing a fiber-forming substance, into an electric field, thereby drawing the liquid toward an electrode to form a fibrous substance. Usually, the fiber-forming substance is cured while being drawn from the solution. Curing is performed by, for example, cooling (for example, when the spinning liquid is solid at room temperature), chemical curing (for example, treatment with curing steam), or evaporation of a solvent. Further, the obtained fibrous substance is collected on an appropriately arranged receptor, and can be separated therefrom if necessary. In addition, since the nonwoven fabric-like fibrous substance can be directly obtained by the electrostatic spinning method, there is no need to form a fiber structure once after producing the fiber, and the operation is simple.
[0007]
It is also known to use a fiber structure obtained by the electrostatic spinning method as a substrate for culturing cells. For example, regeneration of blood vessels has been studied by forming a fiber structure made of polylactic acid by an electrostatic spinning method and then culturing smooth muscle cells thereon (for example, see Non-Patent Document 2).
[0008]
However, since the fiber structure made of polylactic acid obtained by this method has a fiber diameter of about 10 μm and a high fiber density, it was still insufficient to obtain a sufficient surface area for cell culture.
[0009]
Also, studies have been made to form a fibrous structure made of polylactic acid having a molecular weight of about 10,000 by an electrostatic spinning method (for example, see Patent Document 3). Although this method can provide a fiber structure with a relatively small fiber diameter, the molecular weight of polylactic acid is so small that when used as a cell culture substrate for regenerative medicine and implanted in a living body, the decomposition rate is too fast. was there. Although this method can be applied to a copolymer of L-lactic acid / D-lactic acid (5/5) having low crystallinity, when the composition ratio of L-lactic acid increases and the crystallinity of polylactic acid increases, fiber A fiber structure having a small diameter cannot be obtained, and it is difficult to apply L-lactic acid having high crystallinity.
[0010]
In addition, the fiber structure of polylactic acid formed by the electrospinning method has poor cell adhesiveness, and may not be suitable as a cell culture substrate.
[0011]
[Patent Document 1]
JP-A-63-145465
[Patent Document 2]
JP 2002-249966 A
[Patent Document 3]
US 2002/0173213 A
[Non-patent document 1]
"Regenerative Medicine", translated by Noriya Ohno and Masuo Aizawa, NTS Corporation, January 31, 2002, p.262
[Non-patent document 2]
Joel D. Stitzel, Kristin J. Pawlowski, Gary E. Wnek, David G .; Simpson, Gary L. Bowlin, Journal of Biomaterials Applications 2001, 16, 22-33.
[0016]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
An object of the present invention is to provide a substrate having a large surface area suitable for cell culture in the field of regenerative medicine. Specifically, it is an object of the present invention to provide a cell culture substrate having an appropriate decomposition rate in a living body and having good cell adhesion and suitable for cell culture, and a method for producing the same.
[0017]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In order to solve the above problems, the inventors of the present invention focused on polylactic acid having a weight-average molecular weight of 100,000 or more, and a cell having a large surface area composed of high molecular weight and highly crystalline polylactic acid having an appropriate decomposition rate. The inventors have invented a culture substrate and provided a method for producing the cell culture substrate.
[0018]
The present invention is as follows.
1. A cell culture substrate comprising a fiber structure having an average fiber diameter of 0.01 to 1 μm and having a substantially smooth surface, and mainly comprising a polylactic acid fiber having a weight average molecular weight of 100,000 or more.
2. The specific rotation of the polylactic acid is smaller than -100 °. The cell culture substrate according to the above.
3. The fibrous structure is a nonwoven fabric; Or 2. The cell culture substrate according to item 1.
4. A method for producing a cell culture substrate comprising a fiber structure having fibers having an average fiber diameter of 0.01 to 1 μm and mainly comprising polylactic acid fibers having a weight average molecular weight of 100,000 or more, wherein (1) weight Dissolving a polylactic acid having an average molecular weight of 100,000 or more in a solvent containing an organic compound soluble in water at an arbitrary ratio; and (2) spinning the solution produced in the above step by an electrostatic spinning method. A method for producing a cell culture substrate, comprising: a step; and (3) obtaining a fiber structure accumulated on the collection substrate.
5. 3. A polylactic acid having a specific rotation of less than -100 ° is used. 3. The method for producing a cell culture substrate according to item 1.
6. 3. The solvent comprises a mixed solvent of an organic compound soluble in water at an arbitrary ratio and an organic solvent insoluble in water by 10% or more. Or 5. A method for producing the cell culture substrate according to the above.
[0019]
BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail. The fibrous structure used in the present invention refers to a three-dimensional structure in which one or more fibers are laminated, woven, knitted, or formed by other methods. Yarns. Specific forms of the fiber structure preferably include, for example, a nonwoven fabric, a woven fabric, a knitted fabric, a tube, and a mesh. A more preferred form is a nonwoven fabric.
[0020]
The fiber structure used in the present invention is mainly composed of polylactic acid having a weight average molecular weight of 100,000 or more. When the weight average molecular weight is 100,000 or less, decomposition during cell culture or transplantation into a living body after cell culture is too fast, which is not preferable. A more preferred weight average molecular weight is 100,000 to 1,000,000.
[0021]
The polylactic acid that mainly forms the fiber structure used in the present invention preferably has a specific rotation of less than -100 °. The specific rotation described herein is a value measured at 20 ° C. in a solution in which 1 g of polylactic acid is dissolved in 100 ml of chloroform. If the specific rotation is larger than -100 °, decomposition during cell culture or transplantation into a living body after cell culture is too fast, which is not preferable. A more preferred specific rotation is -155 to -120 °.
[0022]
The fibrous structure used in the present invention may contain another polymer as long as its purpose is not impaired.
[0023]
The average fiber diameter of the fibers forming the fiber structure used in the present invention is 0.01 to 1 μm. If the average fiber diameter is smaller than 0.01 μm, decomposition during cell culture or after transplantation into a living body after cell culture is too fast, which is not preferable. On the other hand, if the average fiber diameter is larger than 1 μm, a sufficient surface area for cell culture cannot be obtained, which is not preferable. More preferably, it is 0.02 to 0.8 μm.
[0024]
The fibers forming the fibrous structure of the present invention must be substantially smooth. The term “substantially smooth” as used herein refers to a state in which shading is not observed on the surface even when the fibrous structure is magnified up to 20,000 times with a scanning electron microscope. When the smoothness of the surface is poor, the adhesiveness of the cells is poor, which is not preferable.
[0025]
The method for producing the fibrous structure used in the present invention is not particularly limited as long as it is a method capable of obtaining fibers or the like satisfying the above-mentioned properties. Hereinafter, a method of manufacturing by the electrospinning method will be described in detail.
[0026]
In the electrospinning method used in the present invention, a solution obtained by dissolving a polylactic acid having a weight average molecular weight of 100,000 or more in a solvent containing an organic compound soluble in water at an arbitrary ratio is formed in an electrostatic field formed between electrodes. , The solution is drawn toward the electrode, and the formed fibrous substance is accumulated on the collecting substrate, whereby a fibrous structure can be obtained. The term "fibrous substance" refers to not only a state in which the solvent of the solution has been completely distilled off to form a fibrous structure, but also a state in which the solvent of the solution is still contained.
[0027]
First, an apparatus used in the electrostatic spinning method will be described. The electrode used in the present invention only needs to show conductivity of any metal, inorganic substance, or organic substance. Further, a thin film of a metal, an inorganic substance, or an organic substance having conductivity may be provided over an insulator. The electrostatic field in the present invention is formed between a pair or a plurality of electrodes, and a high voltage may be applied to any of the electrodes. This includes, for example, a case where two high voltage electrodes having different voltage values (for example, 15 kV and 10 kV) and a total of three electrodes connected to the ground are used, or a case where more than three electrodes are used. Shall be included.
[0028]
Next, the production method of the present invention by the electrospinning method will be described in detail. First, there is a step of dissolving a polylactic acid having a weight average molecular weight of 100,000 or more in a solvent containing an organic compound soluble in water at an arbitrary ratio. The concentration of polylactic acid in the solution in the production method of the present invention is preferably 1 to 50% by weight. If the concentration of polylactic acid is less than 1% by weight, it is difficult to form a fiber structure because the concentration is too low, which is not preferable. On the other hand, if it is more than 50% by weight, the viscosity of the solution increases, so that it is necessary to apply a higher voltage between the electrodes, which is not preferable. A more preferred concentration of polylactic acid is 2 to 25% by weight.
[0029]
The solvent containing an organic compound soluble in water at an arbitrary ratio that forms a solution in the present invention is a solvent containing an organic compound that is uniformly mixed with water at all composition ratios at normal temperature (for example, 27 ° C.). is there. Examples of the organic compound soluble in water at an arbitrary ratio used in the present invention include N, N-dimethylformamide, methanol, ethanol, acetone, and the like. Of these, N, N-dimethylformamide is particularly preferred. These solvents may be used alone or a plurality of solvents may be combined.
[0030]
Further, in the present invention, it is possible to easily form a fiber structure having the above characteristics by using a mixture of an organic compound that is soluble in water at an arbitrary ratio and an organic solvent that is not soluble in water by 10% or more. preferable. As the organic solvent used in the present invention that is not soluble in water by 10% or more, for example, halogen element-containing hydrocarbons such as methylene chloride, chloroform, dichloroethane, tetrachloroethane, trichloroethane, dibromomethane, and bromoform are preferable from the solubility of polylactic acid. And methylene chloride is particularly preferred. These solvents may be used alone or a plurality of volatile solvents may be combined. Further, in the present invention, other solvents may be used in combination as long as the object is not impaired.
[0031]
Next, the step of spinning the solution by the electrostatic spinning method will be described. Any method can be used to discharge the solution into an electrostatic field. For example, an example will be described below with reference to FIG. By supplying the solution 2 to the nozzle, the solution is placed at an appropriate position in the electrostatic field, and the solution is drawn from the nozzle by an electric field and fiberized. For this purpose, an appropriate device can be used. For example, an appropriate means, for example, an injection needle-shaped solution ejection nozzle to which a voltage is applied by a high voltage generator 6 at the tip of the cylindrical solution holding tank 3 of the syringe. 1 is installed to guide the solution to its tip. The tip of the jet nozzle 1 is arranged at an appropriate distance from the grounded fibrous substance collecting electrode 5, and between the tip and the fibrous substance collecting electrode 5 when the solution 2 exits the tip of the jet nozzle 1. To form a fibrous material.
[0032]
It is also possible to introduce fine droplets of the solution into an electrostatic field in a manner obvious to a person skilled in the art. This will be described below with reference to FIG. 2 as an example. The only requirement is that the droplets be placed in an electrostatic field and held away from the fibrous material collecting electrode 5 at such a distance that fibrillation can occur. For example, the electrode 4 that directly opposes the fibrous substance collecting electrode may be inserted directly into the solution 2 in the solution holding tank 3 having the nozzle 1.
[0033]
When the solution is supplied from a nozzle into an electrostatic field, the production rate of the fibrous substance can be increased by using several nozzles. The distance between the electrodes depends on the amount of charge, the nozzle size, the spinning solution flow rate, the spinning solution concentration, etc., but when the voltage is about 10 kV, a distance of 5 to 20 cm is appropriate. The applied electrostatic potential is generally 3 to 100 kV, preferably 5 to 50 kV, and more preferably 5 to 30 kV. The desired potential may be created by any appropriate method.
[0034]
The above description is for the case where the electrode also serves as the collecting substrate.However, by installing a potential collecting substrate between the electrodes, a collecting substrate is provided separately from the electrode, and the fiber structure is collected there. Can be done. In this case, for example, a belt-like substance is placed between the electrodes and this is used as a collecting substrate, whereby continuous production is also possible.
[0035]
In the present invention, it is preferable that the relative humidity between the nozzle and the collecting substrate is maintained at 20% or more, since fibers having the above surface structure can be easily obtained. A more preferable relative humidity is 25 to 95% or more.
[0036]
Finally, the step of obtaining the fiber laminate accumulated on the collecting substrate will be described. In the present invention, during the spinning of the solution toward the collecting substrate, the solvent evaporates depending on the conditions to form a fibrous substance. At normal room temperature, the solvent evaporates completely before being collected on the collecting substrate, but if the solvent evaporation is insufficient, the spinning may be performed under reduced pressure. The spinning temperature depends on the evaporation behavior of the solvent and the viscosity of the spinning solution, but is usually 0 to 50C.
[0037]
The cell culture substrate of the present invention may be composed of the above-mentioned fiber structure alone, or may be combined with another member. The cell culture substrate of the present invention may be combined with a protein such as a cell growth factor or a cell growth factor, an extracellular matrix such as collagen, or the like as long as the characteristics are not impaired.
[0038]
【The invention's effect】
The cell culture substrate of the present invention can provide a cell culture substrate having a large surface area suitable for cell culture used in the field of regenerative medicine, having good cell adhesion, and having an appropriate degradation rate in vivo. Further, it is possible to provide a method for producing the base material by a simple method.
[0039]
【Example】
Hereinafter, the present invention will be described with reference to examples, but the present invention is not limited to these examples. The evaluation items in the following examples and comparative examples were implemented by the following methods.
[0040]
[Dent of fiber surface structure]
A scanning electron micrograph (magnification: 20,000 times) of the surface of the obtained fiber structure was taken, and from the photograph, the average value of the measured diameters of the depressions was calculated at n = 20.
[0041]
Further, at n = 5, an average value obtained by measuring the occupation ratio of the concave portion to the fiber surface was calculated.
[0042]
[Average fiber diameter]
Scanning electron micrographs (magnifications: 2,000 and 8,000) of the surface of the obtained fiber structure were taken, and the average value of the fiber diameter measured at n = 20 was calculated from the photographs.
[0043]
[Cell culture evaluation]
The obtained fiber structure was cut into a circular shape having a diameter of 24 mm, immersed in a 70% ethanol aqueous solution for sterilization, air-dried, and then set on a cell culture insert (BD Biosciences). The film was seeded with mouse embryonic fibroblasts at 2 × 10 5 cells / ml / well without being immersed in the medium, and 3 ml of the medium was placed in a well plate for 2 days at 5% CO 2 at 37 ° C. in an incubator (Heraeus). ).
[0044]
After the culture, the medium was removed, and 2.5% glutaraldehyde / phosphate buffer (19 ml of 0.2 M monosodium phosphate, 81 ml of 0.2 M disodium phosphate, 100 ml of ion-exchanged water) = 1/9 (volume ratio). 1 ml was added and left at 4 ° C. for 2 hours. After washing for 2 hours with a phosphate buffer, dehydration was performed in the order of 50, 70, 90, 95, and 99.5% ethanol.
[0045]
Scanning electron micrographs were taken. (Magnification: 1,000 times) The ratio of the area of attachment of cells and extracellular matrix to the area of the fibrous structure was calculated as an average value when n = 3.
[0046]
[Example 1]
1 part by weight of polylactic acid (Shimadzu Corporation: trade name "Lacty 9031", weight average molecular weight 168,000) is 4.5 parts by weight of methylene chloride (Wako Pure Chemical Industries, special grade), 4.5 parts by weight of N, N-dimethylformamide (Wako Pure Chemical Industries, special grade) at room temperature (22 ° C) to prepare a solution. The solution was discharged to the fibrous substance collecting electrode 5 for 5 minutes using the apparatus shown in FIG. The inside diameter of the ejection nozzle 1 was 0.8 mm, the voltage was 12 kV, the distance from the ejection nozzle 1 to the fibrous substance collecting electrode 5 was 10 cm, and the relative humidity was 32%. When the obtained fiber structure was measured with a scanning electron microscope (S-2400, manufactured by Hitachi, Ltd.), the average fiber diameter was 0.5 μm, and no dent was observed on the fiber surface. Scanning electron micrographs of the fiber structure are shown in FIGS.
[0047]
The cell culture evaluation result of the fibrous structure was about 70%, which proved to be suitable as a cell culture substrate. FIG. 5 shows a scanning electron micrograph after cell adhesion.
[0048]
[Comparative Example 1]
1 part by weight of polylactic acid (Shimadzu Corporation: trade name "Lacty 9031", weight average molecular weight 168,000) is dissolved in 9 parts by weight of methylene chloride (Wako Pure Chemical Industries, special grade) at room temperature (22 ° C), and the solution is dissolved. Created. The solution was discharged to the fibrous substance collecting electrode 5 for 5 minutes using the apparatus shown in FIG. The inside diameter of the ejection nozzle 1 was 0.8 mm, the voltage was 12 kV, the distance from the ejection nozzle 1 to the fibrous substance collecting electrode 5 was 12 cm, and the relative humidity was 35%. When the obtained fiber structure was measured with a scanning electron microscope (S-2400, manufactured by Hitachi, Ltd.), the average fiber diameter was 3 μm, the average diameter of the concave portion on the fiber surface was 0.15 μm, and the area of the concave portion was fiber. The ratio to the surface was 68%. FIGS. 6 and 7 show scanning electron micrographs of the fiber structure.
[0049]
The result of evaluating the cell culture properties of the fibrous structure was about 10%, which indicates that cell adhesion was suppressed. FIG. 8 shows a scanning electron micrograph after cell adhesion.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is an example of an apparatus used in an electrostatic spinning method for discharging a spinning solution into an electrostatic field in the production method of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is an example of an apparatus used in an electrostatic spinning method in which fine droplets of a spinning solution are introduced into an electrostatic field in the production method of the present invention.
FIG. 3 shows the surface of the fibrous structure obtained in Example 1 (2000 times).
FIG. 4 shows the surface of the fiber structure obtained in Example 1 (magnification: 20,000).
FIG. 5 shows the results of evaluating cell culture on the fibrous structure obtained in Example 1 (× 1000).
FIG. 6 shows the surface of the fibrous structure obtained in Comparative Example 1 (magnification: 8000).
FIG. 7 shows the surface of the fibrous structure obtained in Comparative Example 1 (at a magnification of 20000).
FIG. 8 shows the results of cell culture evaluation on the fibrous structure obtained in Comparative Example 1 (× 1000).
[Explanation of symbols]
1. Nozzle 2. Spinning solution3. 3. Spinning solution holding tank Electrode5. 5. Fibrous substance collecting electrode High voltage generator

Claims (6)

平均繊維径が0.01〜1μmの実質的に表面が平滑な繊維よりなり、かつ主として重量平均分子量10万以上のポリ乳酸繊維よりなる繊維構造体で構成される細胞培養基材。A cell culture substrate comprising a fiber structure having a substantially smooth surface having an average fiber diameter of 0.01 to 1 μm, and mainly comprising a polylactic acid fiber having a weight average molecular weight of 100,000 or more. 該ポリ乳酸の比旋光度が−100°より小さい、請求項1記載の細胞培養基材。The cell culture substrate according to claim 1, wherein the specific rotation of the polylactic acid is smaller than -100 °. 該繊維構造体が不織布である、請求項1または2に記載の細胞培養基材。3. The cell culture substrate according to claim 1, wherein the fibrous structure is a nonwoven fabric. 平均繊維径が0.01〜1μmの繊維よりなり、かつ主として重量平均分子量10万以上のポリ乳酸繊維よりなる繊維構造体で構成される細胞培養基材の製造方法であって、
(1)重量平均分子量10万以上のポリ乳酸を、任意の割合で水に溶解しうる有機化合物を含有する溶媒に溶解する段階と、
(2)前記段階で製造された溶液を静電紡糸法にて紡糸する段階、および
(3)捕集基板に累積される繊維構造体を得る段階を含む
細胞培養基材の製造方法。
A method for producing a cell culture substrate composed of a fiber structure composed of fibers having an average fiber diameter of 0.01 to 1 μm and mainly composed of polylactic acid fibers having a weight average molecular weight of 100,000 or more,
(1) dissolving a polylactic acid having a weight average molecular weight of 100,000 or more in a solvent containing an organic compound soluble in water at an arbitrary ratio;
(2) A method for producing a cell culture substrate, comprising: a step of spinning the solution produced in the above step by an electrostatic spinning method; and (3) a step of obtaining a fiber structure accumulated on a collection substrate.
該ポリ乳酸の比旋光度が−100°より小さいポリ乳酸を用いることを特徴とする請求項4に記載の細胞培養基材の製造方法。The method for producing a cell culture substrate according to claim 4, wherein polylactic acid having a specific rotation of the polylactic acid smaller than -100 ° is used. 該溶媒が、任意の割合で水に溶解する有機化合物と、水に10%以上溶解しない有機溶媒との混合溶媒よりなることを特徴とする、請求項4または5記載の細胞培養基材の製造方法。6. The production of a cell culture substrate according to claim 4, wherein the solvent comprises a mixed solvent of an organic compound soluble in water at an arbitrary ratio and an organic solvent insoluble in water by 10% or more. Method.
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