JP2004290015A - Method for producing low-alcoholic sake - Google Patents

Method for producing low-alcoholic sake Download PDF

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JP2004290015A
JP2004290015A JP2003083295A JP2003083295A JP2004290015A JP 2004290015 A JP2004290015 A JP 2004290015A JP 2003083295 A JP2003083295 A JP 2003083295A JP 2003083295 A JP2003083295 A JP 2003083295A JP 2004290015 A JP2004290015 A JP 2004290015A
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Japan
Prior art keywords
low
alcohol
enzyme
sake
alcoholic
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JP3707615B2 (en
Inventor
Shigeto Takemiya
重人 武宮
Kuniaki Kiso
邦明 木曽
Osamu Shojima
修 庄島
Tetsuo Hasuo
徹夫 蓮尾
Fujio Hata
冨士夫 畑
Keiko Hatase
景子 畑瀬
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NIPPON SHUZO KUMIAI CHIYUUOUKAI
National Research Institute of Brewing
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NIPPON SHUZO KUMIAI CHIYUUOUKAI
National Research Institute of Brewing
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Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To freely produce even various kinds of low-alcoholic Sakes (Japanese rice wines) keeping a flavor balance because the content of an essence component is 5-20% and the Sakes are composed of oligosaccharides even in the case of the low-alcoholic Sakes, reducing the concentration of pyruvic acid to the detection limit or below and suppressing the emission frequency of an off-flavor by changing the preparation formulation and thereby changing ratios of the alcoholic and essence components. <P>SOLUTION: The low-alcoholic Sakes are produced as follows. A part of koji rice is replaced with an enzyme preparation obtained by formulating pullulanase, an enzyme preparation obtained by formulating α-amylase or the pullulanase itself or the α-amylase itself to prepare a fermentation material together with raw material rice. The prepared material is saccharified and the resultant material is then directly heated or press filtered to heat the filtered material. Enzymes are inactivated and the saccharification is completed. The saccharified material is then fermented in the presence of an acid or directly fermented so as to contain 5-12% of the alcoholic component and 5-20% of the essence component. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2005,JPO&NCIPI

Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明はアルコール分が12%以下の低アルコール清酒でありながら、香味の調和がとれた新しいタイプの低アルコール清酒の製造に関するものである。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
従来から、清酒の多様化や健康指向といった観点から、低アルコール清酒の製造が試みられてきた。例えば、単に原酒を水や炭酸水で希釈したり、仕込みに当って汲水割合をのばしたり、つまり仕込み時の汲み水割合を多くしたりする方法が行われていた。しかし、この方法ではアルコール濃度を低くすることはできても、呈味成分含量が少なくなり、コクのない薄味のものにしかならず、すぐれた低アルコール清酒にはならなかった。特に、アルコール分12%以下の低アルコール清酒にすると、エキス分も希釈されて水っぽくなり、香味のバランスがとれなくなるという欠点は避けられなかった。
【0003】
また、上記とは異なり、原酒に水を加えて希釈するのではなく原酒中のアルコールを減圧蒸留等によって直接除去する方法(例えば、特許文献1参照)、あるいは、低アルコール発酵性酵母を利用する方法(例えば、特許文献2参照)も試みられている。しかしながら、減圧蒸留等を行うと、アルコールとともに香味成分も除去されて香味のバランスが崩れ、また、低アルコール発酵性酵母はその育種が困難であるという問題点は不可避である。
【0004】
【特許文献1】
特開平10−179132号公報
【0005】
【特許文献2】
特許第2802718公報
【0006】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
このような欠点があるにもかかわらず、低アルコール清酒に対するニーズが高いことから、原酒を希釈して低アルコール清酒を製造することが従来より行われてきたが、この従来法による低アルコール清酒は、水っぽさ、薄味を補うため、エキス分が多く残っている段階で上槽せざるを得ず、その結果、意図する糖組成の清酒を製造するのは困難であり、また、エキス分が多いとブドウ糖等の発酵性糖が残っているため、ピルビン酸の濃度が高く、製造後のオフフレーバー(ジアセチル、アセトアルデヒド等)の発生頻度が高くなる問題は不可避であり、その解決が待望されていた。
【0007】
また、アルコールを除去したり特定の酵母を使用する方法も、上記したように香味のバランスが崩れたりあるいは育種が困難であったりして、満足できる方法とはいい難く、更なる改良が待望されている。
【0008】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明は、上記課題を解決するためになされたものであるが、デリケートな香味のバランスから成り立っている清酒から、香味やコクのバランスは保持しながら、アルコールのみを選択的に除去する方法の開発は非常に困難であろうとの認識に本発明者らは立ち到り、発想を変換して、原酒の処理だけでなく清酒の製造方法自体にまで範囲を広げて検討することとした。
【0009】
その結果、清酒の製造を従来のように糖化と発酵を同時に並行して行わせる並行複発酵法で行ったのでは反応が複雑且つデリケートであって各種ファクターのコントロールが非常に困難である点に鑑み、発想を大幅に転換して、清酒の製造を糖化と発酵に分離し(つまり、糖化した後に発酵処理する)、シンプル化して考えることにより、上記課題を解決することとした。
【0010】
そして上記にしたがい、従来の清酒の醸造において、麹によって糖化した後、加熱して酵素を失活させて糖化を終了し、次いで糖化液を発酵させる方法、つまり、単に糖化と発酵を分離する方法を実施したが、それだけでは満足すべき所期の目的を達成することはできなかった。
【0011】
そこで本発明者らは、更に鋭意研究の結果、糖化工程として、麹と酵素の使用に着目し、各酵素について広範なスクリーニングを行ったが成功に至らず、そこで酵素を単用するのではなくいくつかの酵素を併用することとし、更に鋭意広範なスクリーニングを行った結果、プルラナーゼ(デンプン枝切り酵素)とα−アミラーゼの併用にはじめて着目した。
【0012】
そこで本発明者らは、麹・プルラナーゼ・α−アミラーゼ剤併用仕込みを行い、つまり糖化工程において麹、プルラナーゼ、α−アミラーゼを併用して糖化処理を行い、しかる後、加熱して酵素を失活させて糖化工程を終了し、このようにして得た糖化液に酵母を加えてアルコール発酵させて発酵工程を行ったところ、清酒中のマルトースを主体とするオリゴ糖の比率を大幅に増大させ(これとは逆にグルコースを大幅に低下させ)、甘味を残し、エキス分、コクのある低アルコール清酒が得られること、しかも、糖化と発酵を分離するというアイデアから出発したにもかかわらず、実際の操作上は両工程を分離することなく連続して実施できること(つまり、糖化や発酵を途中で止めることなく連続して実施できること)も併せて確認し、エキス分が高く、香味の調和のとれた、アルコール分が12%以下(5〜12%)という低アルコール清酒の製造にはじめて成功した。
【0013】
すなわち、上記の課題を解決するために、本発明は、デンプン枝切り酵素であるプルラナーゼ自体又はプルラナーゼを配合した酵素剤と麹を併用した上で、原料米と仕込み、糖化することで、マルトースを主体とするオリゴ糖の含量を高め、その後、加熱し、残存する酵素の働きを失活させることで、オリゴ糖の含量の低下を抑え、このようにして得た糖化液に酵母を加えてアルコール発酵させて発酵工程を行ったところ、清酒中のオリゴ糖の比率を大幅に増大させ、甘みを残し、エキス分、コクのある低アルコール清酒が得られ、エキス分が高く、香味の調和のとれた、アルコール分が12%以下という低アルコール清酒の製造に成功し、更に研究の結果、アルコールの完成に至ったものである。
以下、本発明について詳述する。
【0014】
プルラナーゼ(枝切り酵素、EC3.2.1.41:プルラン 6−グルカノヒドロラーゼ)としては、酵素自体はもとより、製剤化された酵素剤(市販品)が使用可能であるほか、微生物由来の酵素も使用可能である。例えば、Klebsiella aerogenes、Klebsiella pneumoniae、Bacillus amylopullulyticus等の微生物に由来する酵素が適宜使用可能である。
【0015】
プルラナーゼの使用濃度(添加量)は、総米400gとした場合、プルラナーゼ酵素剤(プルラナーゼ「アマノ」3:天野エンザイム株式会社商品名)として、0.01〜5g、好適には0.05〜0.3g使用するのが標準的である。なお、酵素の使用量は、コストの面から考えなければ上記範囲より多くしても良いし、上記範囲よりも少ない使用量の場合には糖化時間を延長すればよいので、上記範囲は一応の目安であって、それから逸脱しても構わない。
【0016】
α−アミラーゼとしては、酵素自体はもとより、製剤化された酵素剤(市販品)が使用可能であるほか、微生物由来の酵素も使用可能である。
【0017】
α−アミラーゼの使用濃度(添加量)は、総米400gとした場合、α−アミラーゼ剤(ユニアーゼBM−8:ヤクルト薬品工業株式会社商品名)として、0.001〜0.2g、好適には0.01〜0.1g使用するのが標準的である。なお、酵素の使用量は、コストの面から考えなければ上記範囲より多くしても良いし、上記範囲よりも少ない使用量の場合には糖化時間を延長すればよいので、上記範囲は一応の目安であって、それから逸脱しても構わない。
【0018】
酸性プロテアーゼとしては、酵素自体はもとより、製剤化された酵素剤(市販品)が使用可能であるほか、微生物由来の酵素も使用可能であり、例えば、アスペルギルス属、リゾプス属、ムコール属、ペニシリウム属等の糸状菌の酸性プロテアーゼが挙げられる。プロテアーゼは、プルラナーゼに配合した酵素剤として使用できるほか、両酵素は、別々に添加、使用してもよい。
【0019】
プロテアーゼの使用濃度(添加量)は、総米400gとした場合、酸性プロテアーゼ酵素剤(プロテアーゼMG:天野エンザイム株式会社商品名)として、0.001〜1.0g、好適には0.01〜0.5g使用するのが標準的である。なお、酵素の使用量は、コストの面を考えなければ上記範囲より多くしてもよいし、上記範囲よりも少ない使用量の場合には糖化時間を延長すればよいので、上記範囲は一応の目安であって、それから逸脱しても構わない。両酵素ともに、麹歩合10%の場合以外の使用量は、10%の場合に準じて適宜決定すればよい。
【0020】
上記の酵素の添加量は麹歩合10%の場合であり、麹歩合を増減させることによって、ブドウ糖濃度を増減させることができ、発酵後のアルコール濃度を増減させることができる。このように麹歩合を増減させることにより、アルコール分及び/又はエキス分の割合を調節することができる。
なお、酒税法では、清酒の範疇として、酵素剤の添加量は、「米麹と併用する原料の重量の1/1000以下」となっており、低アルコール清酒製造、販売の場合においてはこの範囲内での酵素添加量となるが、この範囲を逸脱しても低アルコール飲料の製造自体は可能である。
【0021】
糖化は、上記した酵素を添加したもろみを、常法にしたがい、例えば50〜60℃、10〜20時間程度保持して行い、次いで加熱処理により酵素を失活させて、糖化工程を終了する。加熱処理は、酵素を失活させるために行う通常の処理をすべて包含するものであるが、通常、75℃以上、好ましくは76℃以上、例えば77〜95℃にて、10〜60分程度処理する。しかる後、例えば20〜30℃に冷却する。
【0022】
しかる後に、発酵処理を行う。発酵処理は常法にしたがって行えばよく、例えば、乳酸等の酸の存在下、あるいは酸を存在せしめることなくそのまま酵母を添加して、10〜20℃程度のもろみ温度にて清酒を製造する。酵母は、酒母の形態で添加することも可能である。酵母としては、協会酵母その他の各種酵母が広く使用され、例えば、清酒用酵母として、きょうかい酵母(K601、K701、K901、K1001、K7、K9、K14、K15等)等が適宜使用される。
【0023】
このようにして発酵工程を終了して、アルコール分3〜12%、エキス分5〜20%の低アルコール清酒を製造することができ、例えばアルコール分が3〜8.5%といった更に低アルコールの清酒、しかもコクは充分に有する低アルコール清酒を製造することも可能である。本発明によって製造された、アルコール分が低いにもかかわらずエキス分が多くて甘味、コクがある低アルコール清酒は、従来知られておらず、新規である。更にまた、本発明に係る低アルコール清酒は、製成後、生で貯蔵しても糖組成の変化は認められなかった。
【0024】
本発明は、従来の複雑な並行複発酵ではなく、糖化処理後、加熱により酵素を失活させ、次いで発酵処理する構成を採用した点にひとつの大きな特徴を有するものである。このように本発明は、糖化処理が終了した後に発酵処理を行うもの、換言すれば糖化工程と発酵工程とを区別したものであるので、反応がシンプルなものとなり、使用原料に応じてその結果を一応予測することが可能となった。
【0025】
したがって、上記したところにしたがい、及び/又は後記するところにしたがい、麹の使用量、酵素量、加熱処理その他の条件を各種変化させることにより、清酒製品のアルコール分、エキス分を調整することが可能となる。また、換言すれば、これらの関係をデータにしてあらかじめ確認しておくことにより、目的とするアルコール分、エキス分を有する低アルコール清酒を製造するための麹の使用量、酵素量等を前以って定めることができ、低アルコール清酒製造のシステム化が可能となり、コンピュータ化、自動化も可能となる。
【0026】
以上、麹歩合10%の場合の酵素剤併用による低アルコール清酒の製造について述べたが、それ以外の麹歩合についても、10%の場合に準じて処理を行えばよい。
以下、本発明の実施例について述べる。
【0027】
【実施例1】
α米(日本晴:精米歩合70%)及び乾燥麹(日本晴:精米歩合70%)を用い、総米400gで、麹歩合を10%とし、プルラナーゼ剤(プルラナーゼ「アマノ」3:天野エンザイム株式会社製)0.15g、α−アミラーゼ剤(ユニアーゼBM−8:ヤクルト薬品工業株式会社製)0.05g及び酸性プロテアーゼ剤(プロテアーゼMG:天野エンザイム株式会社製)0.1gを添加し、汲み水歩合は200%として清酒の小仕込み試験を行った。最初に糖化処理(55℃、15時間)を行い、続いて、加熱処理(75℃、15分)をし、25℃程度まで冷却し、その後、乳酸0.6ml、酵母(K901号酵母)を汲水当たり10cells/mlになるように添加し、最高15℃程度のもろみ温度で発酵させた。
【0028】
得られた製成酒の成分を表1に示す。糖化液中のオリゴ糖が発酵後も残り、発酵性糖であるブドウ糖を主体とする単糖類の濃度は、製成酒中には分析限界値以下であった。また、ピルビン酸の濃度は痕跡程度であり、オフフレーバーの発生もなく、良好な酒質であり、熟練したパネル12名による官能評価(5点法、良1−5悪)の結果は平均2.25であり、良好であった。
【0029】

Figure 2004290015
【0030】
【発明の効果】
本発明は、上記のとおり構成したので、アルコール分が12%以下の低アルコ一ル清酒であっても、エキス分が5〜20%のオリゴ糖で構成されていることで、香味のバランスを保つことが可能になる。さらに、ピルビン酸の濃度も痕跡程度であるので、オフフレーバーの発生頻度を抑えることも可能となる。麹歩合を変化させる等、仕込み配合を変えることで、アルコール分、エキス分の割合を変化させられるので、各種の低アルコール清酒も自由に設計して製造できる画期的製造方法であり、低アルコール清酒製造の自動化、システム化も可能である。
【0031】
本発明によれば、残存糖化酵素失活により、発酵性糖の新たな生成が抑制されることから、発酵液のアルコール分の推定による発酵管理が可能となり、製造管理の合理化も行うことができる。また、このように、ブドウ糖等の発酵性糖が枯渇するため、従来技術では不可能であった各種の低アルコール清酒の製造も自由にできる画期的製造方法である。
【0032】
また、本製造方法において、使用する酵母としては、醸造協会酵母その他の各種酵母が広く使用されるが、マルトースを良く発酵するビール酵母やワイン酵母等を使用すると、グルコースだけでなく、マルトースも少なからず発酵されて消費され、三糖類以上のオリゴ糖の比率の多い清酒になることから酵母の種類によっても糖組成を変化させることが可能である。[0001]
TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to the production of a new type of low-alcohol sake, which is a low-alcohol sake having an alcohol content of 12% or less, while maintaining a harmonious flavor.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Conventionally, production of low alcohol sake has been attempted from the viewpoint of diversification and health-oriented sake. For example, there have been methods of simply diluting unrefined liquor with water or carbonated water, or extending the ratio of pumping water during preparation, that is, increasing the ratio of pumping water during preparation. However, even though the alcohol concentration can be reduced by this method, the content of the taste components is reduced, resulting in a rich taste without richness, and does not result in excellent low-alcohol sake. In particular, when the alcohol content was 12% or less, the extract was diluted and became watery, and the disadvantage that the flavor could not be balanced was inevitable.
[0003]
Further, unlike the above, instead of adding and diluting water to the original sake, alcohol in the original sake is directly removed by vacuum distillation or the like (for example, see Patent Document 1), or a low alcohol fermentable yeast is used. A method (for example, see Patent Document 2) has also been attempted. However, when vacuum distillation or the like is performed, flavor components are removed together with alcohol, and the balance of flavor is lost, and it is inevitable that low alcohol fermentable yeast is difficult to breed.
[0004]
[Patent Document 1]
JP 10-179132 A [0005]
[Patent Document 2]
Japanese Patent No. 2802718
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
Despite these disadvantages, the need for low-alcohol sake has been high, and it has been customary to dilute the original sake to produce low-alcohol sake. In order to compensate for the wateriness and thinness, it is inevitable that the extract should remain in the upper tank when a large amount of the extract remains, and as a result, it is difficult to produce sake having the intended sugar composition. If the amount is large, fermentable sugars such as glucose remain, so the concentration of pyruvic acid is high, and the problem of increased frequency of off-flavors (diacetyl, acetaldehyde, etc.) after production is inevitable, and its solution is expected. It had been.
[0007]
In addition, the method of removing alcohol or using a specific yeast, as described above, or the balance of flavor is difficult or breeding is difficult, it is difficult to say that it is a satisfactory method, and further improvement is expected. ing.
[0008]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The present invention has been made in order to solve the above-mentioned problems, but from a sake comprising a delicate flavor balance, a method of selectively removing only alcohol while maintaining the balance of flavor and richness. Recognizing that the development would be very difficult, the present inventors came to the conclusion and changed their ideas to consider not only the processing of raw sake but also the method of producing sake itself.
[0009]
As a result, if the production of sake is performed by the conventional parallel double fermentation method in which saccharification and fermentation are performed simultaneously in a conventional manner, the reaction is complicated and delicate, and it is very difficult to control various factors. In view of this, the idea has been drastically changed, and the above problem has been solved by separating sake production into saccharification and fermentation (that is, fermenting after saccharification) and simplifying the thinking.
[0010]
According to the above, in the conventional sake brewing, after saccharification by koji, heating to inactivate the enzyme to terminate the saccharification, and then fermenting the saccharified liquid, that is, a method of simply separating saccharification and fermentation However, it did not achieve its intended purpose.
[0011]
Therefore, the present inventors, as a result of further intensive research, focused on the use of koji and enzymes as a saccharification step, performed extensive screening for each enzyme, but did not succeed, instead of using the enzyme alone We decided to use several enzymes in combination, and as a result of further extensive screening, we focused on the combined use of pullulanase (starch debranching enzyme) and α-amylase for the first time.
[0012]
Therefore, the present inventors performed a koji / pullulanase / α-amylase agent combination preparation, that is, koji, pullulanase and α-amylase were used in combination in the saccharification step, and then the enzyme was deactivated by heating. When the saccharification process was completed, yeast was added to the saccharified solution thus obtained and alcohol fermentation was performed to perform a fermentation process. As a result, the ratio of maltose-based oligosaccharides in sake was greatly increased ( Contrary to this, it greatly reduces glucose), leaving sweetness, extract, rich alcoholic sake with richness, and despite the fact that it started from the idea of separating saccharification and fermentation, It was also confirmed that the two steps could be performed continuously without separation (that is, saccharification and fermentation could be performed continuously without stopping). It succeeded for the first time in producing a low alcohol sake with a high kiss content, a harmonious flavor, and an alcohol content of 12% or less (5-12%).
[0013]
That is, in order to solve the above-mentioned problems, the present invention uses maltose by mixing raw material rice with koji and pullulanase itself, which is a starch branching enzyme, or an enzyme preparation containing pullulanase, and saccharifying the maltose. By increasing the content of the main oligosaccharide, and then heating and inactivating the function of the remaining enzyme, the decrease in the content of the oligosaccharide is suppressed, and yeast is added to the saccharified solution obtained in this manner, and alcohol is added. After fermentation and fermentation process, the ratio of oligosaccharides in the sake is greatly increased, leaving sweetness, extract content, rich alcoholic low-alcohol sake, high extract content, harmonious flavor In addition, we succeeded in producing low-alcohol sake with an alcohol content of 12% or less, and as a result of research, completed alcohol.
Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail.
[0014]
As pullulanase (branching enzyme, EC 3.2.1.41: pullulan 6-glucanohydrolase), not only the enzyme itself, but also a formulated enzyme preparation (commercially available) can be used, and a microorganism-derived enzyme can be used. Can also be used. For example, an enzyme derived from a microorganism such as Klebsiella aerogenes, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Bacillus amylopullulyticus and the like can be appropriately used.
[0015]
The concentration (addition amount) of pullulanase is 0.01 to 5 g, preferably 0.05 to 0, as a pullulanase enzyme agent (pullulanase “Amano 3” (trade name of Amano Enzyme Co., Ltd.)) when the total rice is 400 g. It is standard to use 0.3 g. The amount of the enzyme used may be larger than the above range if cost is not considered, or the saccharification time may be extended if the amount used is smaller than the above range. It is only a guide and you can deviate from it.
[0016]
As α-amylase, not only the enzyme itself, but also a formulated enzyme preparation (commercially available) can be used, and an enzyme derived from a microorganism can also be used.
[0017]
The concentration (addition amount) of α-amylase is 0.001 to 0.2 g, preferably, as α-amylase agent (Uniase BM-8: trade name of Yakult Yakuhin Kogyo Co., Ltd.) when the total rice is 400 g. It is standard to use 0.01-0.1 g. The amount of the enzyme used may be larger than the above range if cost is not considered, or the saccharification time may be extended if the amount used is smaller than the above range. It is only a guide and you can deviate from it.
[0018]
As the acidic protease, not only the enzyme itself, but also a formulated enzyme preparation (commercially available) can be used, and an enzyme derived from a microorganism can also be used. For example, Aspergillus, Rhizopus, Mucor, Penicillium And acidic proteases of filamentous fungi. Protease can be used as an enzyme preparation mixed with pullulanase, and both enzymes may be added and used separately.
[0019]
The concentration (addition amount) of the protease is 0.001 to 1.0 g, preferably 0.01 to 0, as an acidic protease enzyme agent (protease MG: trade name of Amano Enzyme Co., Ltd.), when the total rice is 400 g. It is standard to use 0.5 g. The amount of the enzyme used may be larger than the above range if cost is not taken into consideration, or the saccharification time may be extended if the amount used is smaller than the above range. It is only a guide and you can deviate from it. The amount of both enzymes used except when the koji ratio is 10% may be determined appropriately according to the case of 10%.
[0020]
The amount of the enzyme added is a case where the koji percentage is 10%. By increasing or decreasing the koji percentage, the glucose concentration can be increased or decreased, and the alcohol concentration after fermentation can be increased or decreased. By increasing or decreasing the koji percentage in this way, the ratio of the alcohol content and / or the extract content can be adjusted.
According to the Sake Tax Law, the amount of enzyme agent added is "1/1000 or less of the weight of the raw material used in combination with rice koji" as a category of sake. Although the amount of the enzyme to be added is within the above range, the production of a low alcohol beverage itself is possible even if the amount falls outside this range.
[0021]
The saccharification is performed by holding the mash to which the above-described enzyme has been added in a conventional manner, for example, at 50 to 60 ° C. for about 10 to 20 hours, and then deactivating the enzyme by heat treatment, thereby completing the saccharification step. The heat treatment includes all the usual treatments performed to inactivate the enzyme, but is usually carried out at 75 ° C. or more, preferably at 76 ° C. or more, for example, at 77 to 95 ° C. for about 10 to 60 minutes. I do. Thereafter, it is cooled to, for example, 20 to 30C.
[0022]
Thereafter, a fermentation treatment is performed. The fermentation treatment may be performed according to a conventional method. For example, sake is produced at a mash temperature of about 10 to 20 ° C. by adding yeast in the presence of an acid such as lactic acid or the like without adding an acid. Yeast can also be added in the form of an alcoholic beverage. As the yeast, various types of yeast such as association yeast are widely used. For example, as yeast for sake, sake yeast (K601, K701, K901, K1001, K7, K9, K14, K15, etc.) and the like are appropriately used.
[0023]
In this way, the fermentation step is completed, and a low alcohol sake having an alcohol content of 3 to 12% and an extract content of 5 to 20% can be produced. It is also possible to produce sake, and low-bodied sake that Koku has enough. The low alcohol sake produced by the present invention, which has a high extract content despite its low alcohol content and has a sweet taste and richness, has not been known so far and is novel. Furthermore, in the low-alcohol sake according to the present invention, no change in the sugar composition was observed even when stored raw after production.
[0024]
The present invention has one major feature in that instead of the conventional complicated parallel double fermentation, a configuration in which the enzyme is inactivated by heating after the saccharification treatment and then the fermentation treatment is employed. As described above, the present invention performs fermentation after the saccharification treatment is completed, in other words, the saccharification step and the fermentation step are distinguished from each other. Can be predicted for the time being.
[0025]
Therefore, the alcohol content and the extract content of sake products can be adjusted by variously changing the amount of koji used, the amount of enzyme, heat treatment and other conditions according to the above and / or as described below. It becomes possible. In other words, by confirming these relationships as data in advance, the amount of koji used, the amount of enzymes, etc. for producing low-alcohol sake having the desired alcohol content and extract content can be determined in advance. It is possible to systematize the production of low-alcohol sake, and it is also possible to use computerization and automation.
[0026]
In the above, the production of low-alcohol sake using an enzyme agent in the case of a koji ratio of 10% has been described. Other koji ratios may be treated according to the case of 10%.
Hereinafter, examples of the present invention will be described.
[0027]
Embodiment 1
Using α rice (Nipponbare: Polished rice ratio 70%) and dried koji (Nipponbare: Polished rice ratio 70%), 400 g total rice, 10% koji ratio, pullulanase agent (Pullulanase “Amano” 3: Amano Enzyme Co., Ltd. ) 0.15 g, 0.05 g of α-amylase agent (Uniase BM-8: manufactured by Yakult Yakuhin Kogyo Co., Ltd.) and 0.1 g of acidic protease agent (protease MG: manufactured by Amano Enzyme Co., Ltd.) A small brewing test of sake was performed at 200%. First, a saccharification treatment (55 ° C., 15 hours) is performed, followed by a heat treatment (75 ° C., 15 minutes), cooled to about 25 ° C., and then 0.6 ml of lactic acid and yeast (K901 yeast) are removed. It was added so as to be 10 6 cells / ml per pumped water, and fermented at a maximum mash temperature of about 15 ° C.
[0028]
Table 1 shows the components of the obtained sake. Oligosaccharides in the saccharified solution remained after fermentation, and the concentration of monosaccharides mainly composed of glucose, which is a fermentable sugar, was lower than the analytical limit during sake brewing. Further, the concentration of pyruvic acid is about a trace, no off-flavor is generated, the quality of the alcohol is good, and the results of the sensory evaluation (5-point method, good 1-5 bad) by 12 skilled panels are 2 on average. .25, which was good.
[0029]
Figure 2004290015
[0030]
【The invention's effect】
Since the present invention is configured as described above, even when the alcohol content is low alcohol sake of 12% or less, the extract is composed of oligosaccharides of 5 to 20%, so that the flavor balance can be improved. It is possible to keep. Furthermore, since the concentration of pyruvic acid is only trace, it is possible to suppress the frequency of off-flavors. The ratio of alcohol and extract can be changed by changing the mixing ratio, such as changing the koji ratio, so it is an epoch-making production method that can freely design and produce various low alcohol sakes. Automation and systematization of sake production are also possible.
[0031]
According to the present invention, the deactivation of the residual saccharifying enzyme suppresses the new production of fermentable sugar, so that fermentation management can be performed by estimating the alcohol content of the fermentation liquid, and the production management can be rationalized. . In addition, since fermentable sugars such as glucose are depleted in this way, it is an epoch-making production method that can freely produce various low-alcohol sakes that were impossible with the prior art.
[0032]
In addition, in the present production method, as the yeast to be used, brewery association yeast and other various yeasts are widely used, but when using beer yeast or wine yeast that ferment maltose well, not only glucose but also maltose is small. Since the sake is fermented and consumed, and becomes a sake having a high ratio of oligosaccharides of three or more sugars, the sugar composition can be changed depending on the type of yeast.

Claims (6)

麹米の一部を、プルラナーゼ(デンプン枝切り酵素)を配合した酵素剤とα−アミラーゼを配合した酵素剤、又は、プルラナーゼ(デンプン枝切り酵素)自体とα−アミラーゼ自体に置き換えて、原料米と仕込み、糖化した後、そのままあるいは上槽してから加熱し、酵素を失活させて糖化を終了させ、これを酸存在下あるいはそのまま発酵を行って、アルコール分を3〜12%、エキス分を5〜20%含むこと、を特徴とする低アルコール清酒の製造方法。A part of koji rice is replaced with an enzyme preparation containing pullulanase (starch debranching enzyme) and α-amylase, or pullulanase (starch debranching enzyme) itself and α-amylase itself, After the saccharification, the saccharification is terminated by heating as it is or in the upper tank, and the enzyme is inactivated to terminate the saccharification. Of 5% to 20% of alcohol. アルコール分が3〜8.5%であること、を特徴とする請求項1に記載の低アルコール清酒の製造方法。The method for producing low-alcohol sake according to claim 1, wherein the alcohol content is 3 to 8.5%. 更に、糖成分としてマルトースを主体とするオリゴ糖を主として含み、ブドウ糖含量は低いこと、を特徴とする請求項1又は2に記載の低アルコール清酒の製造方法。The method for producing a low-alcohol sake according to claim 1 or 2, further comprising an oligosaccharide mainly composed of maltose as a sugar component, and having a low glucose content. 更に、ピルビン酸濃度が低く、オフフレーバーの発生頻度が低いこと、を特徴とする請求項1〜3のいずれか1項に記載の低アルコール清酒の製造方法。The method for producing a low-alcohol sake according to any one of claims 1 to 3, further comprising a low concentration of pyruvic acid and a low occurrence of off-flavors. 酵素剤として、プルラナーゼ(デンプン枝切り酵素)及びα−アミラーゼに酸性プロテアーゼを配合した酵素剤を使用すること、を特徴とする請求項1〜4のいずれか1項に記載の低アルコール清酒の製造方法。The method for producing a low-alcohol sake according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein an enzyme agent obtained by blending an acid protease with pullulanase (starch debranching enzyme) and α-amylase is used as the enzyme agent. Method. 請求項1〜5のいずれか1項に記載の方法で製造してなる、アルコール分が12%以下で、香味の調和がとれた低アルコール清酒。A low alcohol sake having an alcohol content of 12% or less and having a harmonious flavor, produced by the method according to any one of claims 1 to 5.
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JP2006061153A (en) * 2004-07-30 2006-03-09 Gekkeikan Sake Co Ltd Method of brewing sake
JP2008005808A (en) * 2006-06-30 2008-01-17 Asahi Shuzo Kk Method for producing sake
CN105112225A (en) * 2015-09-28 2015-12-02 张朝举 Low-alcohol-content alcoholic beverage brewed with dry flowers and preparation process thereof
JP2017038542A (en) * 2015-08-18 2017-02-23 サッポロビール株式会社 Non-expandable alcohol beverage base and flavor improvement method of alcohol beverage
JP2018174709A (en) * 2017-04-03 2018-11-15 天山酒造株式会社 Production method of sparkling sake

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CN107686797A (en) * 2017-10-24 2018-02-13 绍兴市山阴酿酒有限公司 A kind of sweet tea type wine and its brewage process with the special song of Shaoxing special flavour sweet wine for the sort of quyi

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JPS61289875A (en) * 1985-06-19 1986-12-19 Soken:Kk Production of refined japanese wine having low alcohol concentration
JP2000000086A (en) * 1998-06-15 2000-01-07 Tax Adm Agency Production of low-alcohol japanese wine
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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2006061153A (en) * 2004-07-30 2006-03-09 Gekkeikan Sake Co Ltd Method of brewing sake
JP4673155B2 (en) * 2004-07-30 2011-04-20 月桂冠株式会社 Sake Brewing Method
JP2008005808A (en) * 2006-06-30 2008-01-17 Asahi Shuzo Kk Method for producing sake
JP4628318B2 (en) * 2006-06-30 2011-02-09 朝日酒造 株式会社 Sake production method
JP2017038542A (en) * 2015-08-18 2017-02-23 サッポロビール株式会社 Non-expandable alcohol beverage base and flavor improvement method of alcohol beverage
CN105112225A (en) * 2015-09-28 2015-12-02 张朝举 Low-alcohol-content alcoholic beverage brewed with dry flowers and preparation process thereof
JP2018174709A (en) * 2017-04-03 2018-11-15 天山酒造株式会社 Production method of sparkling sake

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