JP2004286224A - Damping apparatus - Google Patents

Damping apparatus Download PDF

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JP2004286224A
JP2004286224A JP2004175712A JP2004175712A JP2004286224A JP 2004286224 A JP2004286224 A JP 2004286224A JP 2004175712 A JP2004175712 A JP 2004175712A JP 2004175712 A JP2004175712 A JP 2004175712A JP 2004286224 A JP2004286224 A JP 2004286224A
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plate
damping
rotating body
inner plate
outer plates
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JP4209814B2 (en
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Tatsuji Ishimaru
辰治 石丸
Takahiro Shintani
隆弘 新谷
Masaharu Kubota
雅春 久保田
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Tobishima Corp
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Tobishima Corp
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Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a damping apparatus which utilizes rolling of ball elements and gives a long stroke without separately providing other dampers. <P>SOLUTION: Ball elements 82 having damping ability are arranged on both surfaces of an inner plate 80 and are gripped from outside by means of a pair of outer plates 84. The outer plates 84 are fastened by means of bolts 86 and nuts 88. The ball elements 82 are compressed and deformed between the outer plates 84 and the inner plate 80. The bolts 86 and the nuts 88 fasten the outer plates 84 at the positions that the inner plate 80 can move in the directions of two axes in a plane with respect to the outer plate 84, in other words, in the directions of the length and the width of the inner plate 80. Therefore, damping effects for the vibrations in two directions in a plane can be obtained with only one damping apparatus 90. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2005,JPO&NCIPI

Description

本発明は、構造物の揺れを抑える減衰装置に関する。   The present invention relates to an attenuation device that suppresses shaking of a structure.

従来、免震装置等に用いられる回転体としての鉄球は、主として上部構造体を滑り易く支持する支承材兼ベアリング材として使用されるだけで、振動を減衰させる機構は、外部に設けられたダンパーに依存している。   Conventionally, an iron ball as a rotating body used for a seismic isolation device or the like is mainly used as a bearing material and a bearing material for supporting an upper structure so as to be slippery, and a mechanism for damping vibration is provided outside. Depends on the damper.

このため、例えば、免震床等を構成する場合、ダンパーを配置するために、ある程度の床高が必要となり、階高が既に決まってしまっている既存の建物を免震床とするには無理があった。   For this reason, for example, when constructing a seismic isolation floor, a certain level of floor height is required in order to place a damper, and it is impossible to use an existing building whose floor height has already been determined as a base isolation floor. was there.

一方、建物全体を免震構造とする場合、通常、基礎コンクリートの上に鉄球を敷き並べ、この鉄球の上に建物が構築される支持スラブをスライド可能に載置するようになっている。   On the other hand, when the entire building has a seismic isolation structure, iron balls are usually placed on the foundation concrete and the support slab on which the building is constructed is slidably placed on the iron balls. .

しかし、基礎コンクリート面及び支持スラブ面に不陸があると、鉄球との間に隙間が生じ建物が安定して支持されない。また、別途ダンパーを取付ける必要があるので、装置が大掛かりになり、高さ方向に一定のスペースが必要となる。   However, if the foundation concrete surface and the support slab surface are uneven, a gap is formed between the steel ball and the building is not supported stably. Moreover, since it is necessary to attach a damper separately, an apparatus becomes large and a fixed space is required in the height direction.

本発明は係る事実を考慮し、別途ダンパーを設けることなく、回転体の転がりを利用して、ストロークの大きい減衰装置を構成することを課題とする。   This invention considers the fact which concerns, and makes it a subject to comprise a damping device with a big stroke using the rolling of a rotary body, without providing a damper separately.

請求項1に記載の発明では、中板の両面に減衰性能を備えた回転体が配置され、外側から一対の外板で挟持されている。この外板は拘束手段によって締め付けられ、中板との間に回転体を圧縮変形させている。また、この拘束手段は、中板が外板に対して平面2軸方向、すなわち、中板が長手方向及び幅方向に移動できるような箇所を締め付けている。   In the first aspect of the present invention, the rotating body having the damping performance is disposed on both surfaces of the middle plate, and is sandwiched between the pair of outer plates from the outside. The outer plate is fastened by restraining means, and the rotating body is compressed and deformed between the outer plate and the intermediate plate. In addition, the restraining means fastens a portion where the middle plate can move in two planes with respect to the outer plate, that is, the middle plate can move in the longitudinal direction and the width direction.

このため、一つの減衰装置で平面2軸方向の振動に対して減衰効果を発揮させることができる。   For this reason, the damping effect can be exhibited with respect to the vibration in the plane biaxial direction with one damping device.

ここで、回転体(球状でも楕円状でも回転可能な形状であれば構わない)の形態を詳細に説明すると、回転体は圧縮変形させることによって、板材(中板、外板)に接触して圧縮荷重を受ける。ここで、板材が振動等によって板材同士が相対移動すると、面摩擦力によって回転体が弾性変形する。ここで、板材の相対移動量が回転体の弾性変形範囲内であれば、回転体は、一方の板材の揺れや振動が他方の板材に伝わらないように防振する。   Here, the form of the rotator (which may be spherical or elliptical as long as the shape can be rotated) will be described in detail. The rotator is brought into contact with the plate material (intermediate plate, outer plate) by compressive deformation. Subject to compressive load. Here, when the plate members move relative to each other due to vibration or the like, the rotating body is elastically deformed by the surface friction force. Here, if the amount of relative movement of the plate member is within the elastic deformation range of the rotating member, the rotating member vibrates so that the vibration and vibration of one plate member are not transmitted to the other plate member.

また、板材の相対移動量が回転体の弾性変形範囲を越えると、板材の移動に伴って、回転体は板材の間を転がり始める。このとき、圧縮変形して潰れた回転体は、回転時に内部がせん断変形するので、減衰力を発揮し、さらに、回転体が転がるときの板材との摩擦抵抗も同時に減衰力として作用するので、これらの組み合わせによって高い減衰効果を発揮する。   When the relative movement amount of the plate material exceeds the elastic deformation range of the rotating body, the rotating body starts to roll between the plate materials as the plate material moves. At this time, the rotating body that is crushed by compressive deformation exhibits shearing force because the inside undergoes shear deformation during rotation, and furthermore, frictional resistance with the plate material when the rotating body rolls also acts as damping force at the same time. A combination of these exhibits a high damping effect.

なお、圧縮力の大きさを調整し、板材との摩擦力を大きくすることによって、回転体が転がり始めるまでの、転がり抵抗又転がるときの摩擦抵抗を調整することもできる。   In addition, by adjusting the magnitude of the compressive force and increasing the frictional force with the plate material, it is possible to adjust the rolling resistance or the frictional resistance at the time of rolling until the rotating body starts rolling.

上記構成としたので、別途ダンパーを設けることなく、ストロークの大きい減衰装置を得ることができる。   Since it was set as the said structure, an attenuation apparatus with a big stroke can be obtained, without providing a damper separately.

図1〜図4には、第1形態に係る減衰機構が用いられた免震床構造が示されている。この免震床構造では、柱10に架設されたコンクリート製等の床スラブ12の上に、減衰性能を有する材料(高減衰ゴム、天然ゴム、粘弾性体等)で成形された回転体としての球体14が所定の間隔で敷き並べられている。   1 to 4 show a base-isolated floor structure in which the damping mechanism according to the first embodiment is used. In this seismic isolation floor structure, as a rotating body formed of a material having a damping performance (high damping rubber, natural rubber, viscoelastic body, etc.) on a concrete slab 12 erected on a pillar 10 and the like. The spheres 14 are laid out at predetermined intervals.

次に、第1形態に係る減衰装置を説明する。   Next, the attenuation device according to the first embodiment will be described.

図1に示す減衰装置90では、本形態では、鉄板等で形成された中板80の両面に減衰性能を有する材料(高減衰ゴム、天然ゴム、粘弾性体等)で成形された球体82が配置されている。この球体82は、鉄板等で形成された外板84で外側から挟持されている。この外板84は、ボルト86とナット88で締め付けられており、球体82を楕円状に圧縮変形させている。   In the damping device 90 shown in FIG. 1, in this embodiment, a sphere 82 formed of a material having a damping performance (high damping rubber, natural rubber, viscoelastic body, etc.) is formed on both surfaces of an intermediate plate 80 formed of an iron plate or the like. Has been placed. The spherical body 82 is sandwiched from the outside by an outer plate 84 formed of an iron plate or the like. The outer plate 84 is fastened by bolts 86 and nuts 88, and the spherical body 82 is compressed and deformed into an elliptical shape.

また、図2に示すように、中板80の板幅は、外板84より狭くされており、ボルト86とナット88は、中板80の板幅方向への移動を干渉しない位置に取付けられている。なお、ある機構内で減衰装置を構成する場合、上下の板を挟み付けるような構造とすることによって、ボルト及びナットを省略することも可能である。   Further, as shown in FIG. 2, the plate width of the intermediate plate 80 is narrower than the outer plate 84, and the bolts 86 and nuts 88 are attached at positions that do not interfere with the movement of the intermediate plate 80 in the plate width direction. ing. In addition, when comprising a damping device in a certain mechanism, it is also possible to abbreviate | omit a bolt and a nut by setting it as a structure which clamps an upper and lower board.

次に、図3に示すように、本形態に係る減衰装置90が制振装置として用いられた例を説明する。   Next, as shown in FIG. 3, an example in which the damping device 90 according to this embodiment is used as a vibration damping device will be described.

右側のビル92の屋上には、減衰装置90の外板84が固定され、中板80が左側のビル94の屋上に固定されている。地震等によって、2つのビル92、94が相対移動すると、制振装置90によって制振される。なお、中板80が長手方向及び幅方向に移動できるようになっており、すなわち、水平2軸方向に制振可能となっているので、それぞれの軸方向に減衰装置を設ける必要がなくなる。
なお、図4に示すように、内板102、中板100、外板98を多段状に組み合わせて減衰装置96を構成してもよい。このように、本発明の減衰装置では、板材及び球体を組み合わせて段数を増やしていくことによって、各々の板材間で減衰作用が発揮されるので、要求される減衰性能を容易に満足させることができる。
The outer plate 84 of the damping device 90 is fixed to the roof of the right building 92, and the middle plate 80 is fixed to the roof of the left building 94. When the two buildings 92 and 94 move relative to each other due to an earthquake or the like, they are controlled by the vibration control device 90. The intermediate plate 80 can be moved in the longitudinal direction and the width direction, that is, since it can be damped in the two horizontal axes, there is no need to provide an attenuation device in each axial direction.
As shown in FIG. 4, the attenuation device 96 may be configured by combining the inner plate 102, the middle plate 100, and the outer plate 98 in multiple stages. In this way, in the damping device of the present invention, by increasing the number of stages by combining the plate material and the sphere, the damping action is exhibited between the respective plate materials, so that the required damping performance can be easily satisfied. it can.

また、以上説明した実施の形態では、回転体として単一材料で成形された球体を使用したが、図5に示すように、鉄や硬質プラスチック等で成形した芯球104の外周面を高減衰ゴム等によって被覆して被覆層106とした、二重構造の回転体でもよい。   In the embodiment described above, a sphere formed of a single material is used as the rotating body. However, as shown in FIG. 5, the outer peripheral surface of the core sphere 104 formed of iron or hard plastic is highly attenuated. A double-structured rotating body that is covered with rubber or the like to form the covering layer 106 may also be used.

このような構成では、図6に示すように、圧縮力を掛けると、圧縮変形する部分は、被覆層106であり、芯球104は圧縮変形しない。つまり、床スラブ12と二重床材16との間の必要な隙間を確実に確保できる。また、芯球104と床スラブ12及び二重床材16とに挟まれる部分の被覆層106は大きく潰れるので、回転時のせん断変形が大きくなり、大きな減衰力を発揮させることができる。   In such a configuration, as shown in FIG. 6, when a compressive force is applied, the portion to be compressed and deformed is the coating layer 106, and the core ball 104 is not compressed and deformed. That is, the necessary clearance between the floor slab 12 and the double flooring 16 can be reliably ensured. Moreover, since the coating layer 106 of the part pinched | interposed into the core sphere 104, the floor slab 12, and the double flooring 16 is crushed largely, the shear deformation at the time of rotation becomes large, and a big damping force can be exhibited.

さらに、図7に示すように、芯球108を高減衰ゴムで、被覆層110を天然ゴム等で形成した回転体でもよい。このとき、芯球108及び被覆層110とも圧縮力を受けて変形するが、2つの材料を組み合わせることによって、剛度の調整が容易にできる。   Further, as shown in FIG. 7, a rotating body in which the core ball 108 is made of a high damping rubber and the covering layer 110 is made of natural rubber or the like may be used. At this time, both the core sphere 108 and the covering layer 110 are deformed by receiving a compressive force, but the rigidity can be easily adjusted by combining the two materials.

また、図8に示すように、回転体として、弾性特性を持ったゴム等で袋体112を成形し、この袋体112の中に、例えば、砂、鉄粉、水、粘性体等の抵抗材114を封入してもよい。   Further, as shown in FIG. 8, a bag body 112 is formed of rubber having elastic characteristics as a rotating body, and, for example, resistance such as sand, iron powder, water, and viscous body is formed in the bag body 112. The material 114 may be enclosed.

これによって、砂を入れたお手玉や水を入れた風船を想像すれば判るように、袋体112が転がるとき、抵抗材114が乱流を起こしてその場に留まろうとする抵抗力が発生する。この抵抗力によって、振動が減衰される。   As a result, as you can imagine if you imagine a beanbag with sand or a balloon with water, when the bag body 112 rolls, a resistance force is generated that causes the resistance material 114 to turbulently flow and stay there. . This resistance force attenuates the vibration.

また、図9に示す袋体130や図10に示す袋体132のように、抵抗材114の量を調整することによって減衰力を調整することができる。さらに、抵抗材114の種類や、図11に示すように、鉄粉206と小鉄球208の組み合わせ(粒度等を変える)や、密度を変えることによっても、減衰力を調整することができる。   Further, as in the bag body 130 shown in FIG. 9 and the bag body 132 shown in FIG. 10, the damping force can be adjusted by adjusting the amount of the resistance material 114. Furthermore, the damping force can also be adjusted by changing the type of the resistance material 114, the combination of the iron powder 206 and the small iron balls 208 (changing the particle size or the like), and the density as shown in FIG.

また、図12に示すように、床スラブ12と二重床材16との間に支承材200を配置して、通常時には、球体14を変形させるような荷重を掛けないようにしてもよい。この構成では、図13に示すように、地震時には、床スラブ12と二重床材16が相対移動し支承材200のヒンジ部200Aが屈曲して、二重床材16の荷重で球体14が始めて圧縮変形し床スラブ12及び二重床材16と面接触するようになっている。   In addition, as shown in FIG. 12, a support material 200 may be disposed between the floor slab 12 and the double flooring 16 so that a load that deforms the sphere 14 is not applied in a normal state. In this configuration, as shown in FIG. 13, at the time of an earthquake, the floor slab 12 and the double flooring 16 move relative to each other, the hinge part 200 </ b> A of the support member 200 is bent, and the sphere 14 is caused by the load of the double flooring 16. It is first compressed and deformed so as to come into surface contact with the floor slab 12 and the double flooring 16.

このため、球体14が変形した状態が長期に渡ることによって、球体14が変形固化することがなく、いつ地震が発生しても、減衰機能を発揮することができ、メンテナンスに優れた構造となる。   For this reason, since the state in which the sphere 14 is deformed for a long period of time, the sphere 14 is not deformed and solidified, and any time an earthquake occurs, the damping function can be exhibited and the structure is excellent in maintenance. .

なお、通常、球体14に掛ける荷重は、球体14が移動しない程度で十分であり、また、支承材200が屈曲する入力荷重の設定は、ヒンジ部200Aの摩擦力やヒンジ面の曲率を調整することで可能である。   Normally, it is sufficient that the load applied to the sphere 14 is such that the sphere 14 does not move, and the setting of the input load at which the support member 200 bends adjusts the frictional force of the hinge portion 200A and the curvature of the hinge surface. Is possible.

なお、以上説明した発明では、球体を板で挟持する構造であったが、この板の対向面にゴム板或いは減衰材を貼付けてもよい。これによって、減衰性能が相乗的に向上する。   In the above-described invention, the sphere is sandwiched between plates, but a rubber plate or a damping material may be attached to the opposing surface of the plate. This synergistically improves the damping performance.

第1形態に係る減衰装置を示す側面図である。It is a side view which shows the attenuation device which concerns on a 1st form. 第1形態に係る減衰装置を示す正面図である。It is a front view which shows the attenuation device which concerns on a 1st form. 第1形態に係る減衰装置が制振装置としてビルの屋上に取付けられた状態を示す立面図である。It is an elevation which shows the state where the damping device concerning the 1st form was attached to the roof of a building as a damping device. 第1形態に係る減衰装置の変形例を示す正面図である。It is a front view which shows the modification of the attenuation device which concerns on a 1st form. 回転体の変形例を示す断面図である。It is sectional drawing which shows the modification of a rotary body. 回転体の変形例を示す断面図である。It is sectional drawing which shows the modification of a rotary body. 回転体の変形例を示す断面図である。It is sectional drawing which shows the modification of a rotary body. 回転体の変形例を示す断面図である。It is sectional drawing which shows the modification of a rotary body. 図8に示す回転体の変形例を示す断面図である。It is sectional drawing which shows the modification of the rotary body shown in FIG. 図8に示す回転体の変形例を示す断面図である。It is sectional drawing which shows the modification of the rotary body shown in FIG. 図8に示す回転体の変形例を示す断面図である。It is sectional drawing which shows the modification of the rotary body shown in FIG. 減衰機構を備えた免震床構造の変形例を示す断面図である。It is sectional drawing which shows the modification of the seismic isolation floor structure provided with the damping mechanism. 減衰機構を備えた免震床構造の変形例を示す断面図である。It is sectional drawing which shows the modification of the seismic isolation floor structure provided with the damping mechanism.

符号の説明Explanation of symbols

80 中板
82 球体(回転体)
84 外板
86 ボルト(拘束手段)
88 ナット(拘束手段)
80 Middle plate
82 Sphere (Rotating body)
84 Outer plate
86 bolt (restraint)
88 Nut (restraint)

Claims (1)

中板と、前記中板の両面を減衰性能を備えた回転体を介在させて挟持する一対の外板と、前記外板を締め付け前記回転体を圧縮変形させると共に、外板に対する前記中板の平面2軸方向への移動を許容する拘束手段と、を有することを特徴とする減衰装置。 An intermediate plate, a pair of outer plates sandwiching both sides of the intermediate plate with a rotating body having damping performance interposed therebetween, and tightening the outer plate to compress and deform the rotating body, and the intermediate plate with respect to the outer plate And a restraining means for allowing movement in a biaxial direction of the plane.
JP2004175712A 2004-06-14 2004-06-14 Attenuator Expired - Lifetime JP4209814B2 (en)

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JP34204596A Division JP3696708B2 (en) 1996-12-20 1996-12-20 Damping mechanism and damping device using the same

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JP4209814B2 JP4209814B2 (en) 2009-01-14

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Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2007126946A (en) * 2005-11-07 2007-05-24 Takenaka Komuten Co Ltd Damping device, seismic isolation structure and vibration control structure
JP2007162751A (en) * 2005-12-09 2007-06-28 Univ Nihon Base isolation device, base isolation structure, and base isolation construction method
JPWO2006090506A1 (en) * 2005-02-23 2008-07-24 規久男 杉田 Fall prevention sheet
CN105350673A (en) * 2015-09-24 2016-02-24 同济大学 Non-linear particle impact damper
CN106641066A (en) * 2016-11-04 2017-05-10 南方科技大学 Porous reinforced damping structure based on ball unit
CN108301526A (en) * 2018-03-30 2018-07-20 华中科技大学 A kind of rolling friction type damper based on ball bearing and high-damping rubber plate

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPWO2006090506A1 (en) * 2005-02-23 2008-07-24 規久男 杉田 Fall prevention sheet
JP2007126946A (en) * 2005-11-07 2007-05-24 Takenaka Komuten Co Ltd Damping device, seismic isolation structure and vibration control structure
JP2007162751A (en) * 2005-12-09 2007-06-28 Univ Nihon Base isolation device, base isolation structure, and base isolation construction method
CN105350673A (en) * 2015-09-24 2016-02-24 同济大学 Non-linear particle impact damper
CN105350673B (en) * 2015-09-24 2017-07-28 同济大学 Nonlinear grain impact damper
CN106641066A (en) * 2016-11-04 2017-05-10 南方科技大学 Porous reinforced damping structure based on ball unit
CN108301526A (en) * 2018-03-30 2018-07-20 华中科技大学 A kind of rolling friction type damper based on ball bearing and high-damping rubber plate

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