JP2004283778A - Method and apparatus for sorting conductive material from plastic material - Google Patents

Method and apparatus for sorting conductive material from plastic material Download PDF

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JP2004283778A
JP2004283778A JP2003081657A JP2003081657A JP2004283778A JP 2004283778 A JP2004283778 A JP 2004283778A JP 2003081657 A JP2003081657 A JP 2003081657A JP 2003081657 A JP2003081657 A JP 2003081657A JP 2004283778 A JP2004283778 A JP 2004283778A
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electrode
moving
piece
conductive material
mixture
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JP4001830B2 (en
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Nobuto Saeki
暢人 佐伯
Masanori Tsukahara
正徳 塚原
Tetsuya Inoue
鉄也 井上
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Hitachi Zosen Corp
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Hitachi Zosen Corp
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    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02WCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W30/00Technologies for solid waste management
    • Y02W30/50Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
    • Y02W30/62Plastics recycling; Rubber recycling

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  • Electrostatic Separation (AREA)
  • Separation, Recovery Or Treatment Of Waste Materials Containing Plastics (AREA)
  • Elimination Of Static Electricity (AREA)

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To sort a mixture of conductive material pieces and plastic material pieces with higher accuracy. <P>SOLUTION: The subject apparatus is provided with an opposed electrode plate 4 slanted in a direction different from a moving direction, a high voltage electric source 5 generating an electrostatic field in a sorting space 3 by applying high voltage on a belt electrode 2 and the opposite electrode plate 4, and a mixture supply device 6 supplying the mixture of aluminum pieces and PVC (polyvinyl chloride) pieces to the upstream side of the belt electrode 2. Of the supplied mixture, the aluminum pieces are made to slip and drop to the lower portion in a slanted direction by bringing the aluminum pieces into contact with the belt electrode 2 to give them the same polarity as that of the belt electrode 2 for repulsion towards the belt electrode 2, and the PVC pieces are transferred to the downstream in the moving direction by making them be attracted to the belt electrode 2 by an image force owing to polarization, thereby the PVC pieces being separated from conductive material pieces. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2005,JPO&NCIPI

Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、プラスチック材と導電材(金属類)との混合物、たとえば廃家電、廃自動車、廃OA機器や廃電線などから排出されたたとえば縒り線ケーブル、プリント基板、カプセルや錠剤など医薬包装容器などのような混合粉砕物を分離するのに適したの選別方法および装置に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
従来、本発明者等は、特許文献1において導電材とプラスチック材の振動式選別方法および装置を提案している。
【0003】
この選別装置は、図6に示すように、所定の角度α°傾斜して配置された振動電極板51の上方に分離空間をあけてコロナ放電電極52を配置するとともに、高電圧電顕53により振動電極板51とコロナ放電電極52とに高電圧を印加し、混合物供給装置54により振動電極板51上に供給された混合片をコロナ放電により帯電させ、混合片のうち導電材片を振動電極板51に接触させることで振動板電極51と同極性に帯電させて反発させるとともに、帯電されたプラスチック片を振動板電極51に吸着させ、これにより導電材片を傾斜方向に滑落させるとともにプラスチック片を振動搬送方向に搬送することにより選別するものである。
【0004】
【特許文献1】特開2002−346434号CD−ROM
【0005】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
しかしながら、上記従来の選別装置では、図7に示すように、導電材片はほぼ傾斜方向下方Aに沿って滑落するものの、プラスチック片は振動電極板との摩擦接触が少ないため、重力に大きく影響されて振動搬送方向と傾斜方向の中間の移動方向Bに沿って搬送移動されることになる。このため、導電材片の移動方向とプラスチック片の移動方向とを大きく隔てることができず、導電材片とプラスチック材片の選別精度を向上させにくいという問題があった。また従来の選別装置では、導電材片やプラスチック片の摩擦係数の大小や破砕形状の違いなどにより、選別精度が影響を受けやすいという問題があった。
【0006】
本発明は上記問題点を解決して、導電材片とプラスチックの片の混合物をより高精度で選別できる導電材とプラスチック材の選別方法および装置を提供することを目的とする。
【0007】
【課題を解決するための手段】
上記目的を達成するために請求項1記載の導電材とプラスチック材の選別方法は、移動方向と異なる方向に所定角度傾斜して配置された移動平面電極の上方に、選別空間をあけて対向電極を配置し、前記移動平面電極と対向電極とに電圧を印加して選別空間に静電場を形成し、前記移動平面電極の移動方向の上流側に、導電材片とプラスチック片の混合物を供給し、導電材片を移動平面電極に接触させて移動平面電極と同極性に帯電させることにより移動電極に反発させて導電材片を傾斜方向下方に滑落させ、プラスチック片を分極化して移動平面電極に吸着させることで移動平面電極の移動方向に沿って下流側に搬送し、プラスチック片と導電材片とを分離するものである。
【0008】
請求項2記載の導電材とプラスチック材の選別装置は、移動方向と異なる方向に傾斜された移動平面電極と、移動平面電極の上方に選別空間をあけて配置された対向電極と、前記移動平面電極と対向電極とに高電圧を印加して選別空間に静電場を形成する高電圧電源と、移動平面電極の上流側の選別空間に導電材片とプラスチック片の混合物を供給する混合物供給手段とを具備し、混合物供給手段により移動平面電極上に供給された混合物のうち、導電材片を移動平面電極に接触させて移動平面電極と同極性に帯電させることにより移動平面電極に反発させて導電材片を傾斜方向下方に滑落させ、プラスチック片を分極化して移動平面電極に吸着させることで移動平面電極の移動方向下流側に搬送し、プラスチック片と導電材片とを分離するように構成したものである。
【0009】
上記各構成によれば、分極化したプラスチック片を移動平面電極上に安定して吸着させて移動方向に沿って搬送し、接触により移動平面電極と反対の極性に帯電された導電材片を移動平面電極に反発させて傾斜方向下方に滑落させるので、プラスチック片の移動軌跡と導電材片の移動軌跡とを大きくかつ明瞭に隔てることができ、混合物の摩擦係数の大小や破砕形状の違いなどにより、選別精度が影響を受けにくく、これにより選別精度を更に向上させることができる。
【0010】
請求項3記載の導電材とプラスチック材の選別装置は、混合物供給手段に、導電材片とプラスチック片の電荷を中和させる除電装置を設けたものである。
上記構成によれば、投入前の混合物の電荷を中和させることにより、静電気で互いに吸着する混合物を互いに分離し、また分離しやすくすることができ、これにより選別精度をより向上させることができる。
【0011】
請求項4記載の導電材とプラスチック材の選別装置は、混合物供給手段に、混合物を移動平面電極と異極性に帯電させる帯電装置を設けたものである。
上記構成によれば、帯電装置により混合物を予め移動平面電極と異極性に帯電させておくことにより、混合物片同士を互いに反発させて分離することができ、またプラスチック片の移動電極に対する吸着力を高めることができるので、これによりさらに分離精度を向上させることができる。
【0012】
請求項5記載の導電材とプラスチック材の選別装置は、移動平面電極を導電材製の無端状ベルト電極により構成し、前記ベルト電極の移動方向に対してベルト電極の傾斜方向を略90°隔てたものである。
【0013】
上記構成によれば、移動平面電極をベルト電極で構成することにより連続して選別作業を行うことができる。またベルト電極の移動方向に対して略90°隔て傾斜させることで、プラスチック片の移動軌跡と導電材片の移動軌跡とを90°近くまで隔てることができ、選別精度を向上させることができる。
【0014】
【発明の実施の形態】
ここで、本発明に係る搬送式選別装置の実施の形態を図1〜図4に基づいて説明する。
【0015】
この選別装置は、たとえばカプセルや錠剤など医薬包装容器の粉砕品などに適したもので、たとえば外径が10mm以下の粉砕アルミニウム片(導電材片)と粉砕PVC片(プラスチック片)の混合物を、アルミニウム片とPVC片とに分離するのに適したものである。ここで粉砕品を「片」と表記したが、「片」には径が0.5mm程度までの粒子も含むものとする。
【0016】
以下、詳細を図1を参照して説明する。
基台1上には、水平搬送方向(x軸方向)に沿う上流側と下流側のガイドローラ2a,2bに巻張されて、図示しない駆動モータにより搬送面が矢印で示す上流側から下流側に所定速度で移動される無端状の導電材製のベルト電極(移動平面電極)2が配置されている。このベルト電極2は、可撓性および弾力性を有する金属板からなり、幅方向(y軸方向)の一端側上位から他端側下位に傾斜角度θで傾斜され、ベルト電極2の移動方向に対して傾斜方向が略90°隔てられている。
【0017】
ベルト電極2の上方には、選別空間3をあけて板状の対向電極板(対向電極)4が互いに平行で搬送面をほぼ覆うように設置されている。そして高電圧電源5の(+)極側がベルト電極2に摺接ブラシなどを介して接続されるとともに接地され、(−)極側が対向電極4に接続されてベルト電極2と対向電極板4とに高電圧を印加して選別空間3に静電場を形成するように構成されている。
【0018】
またベルト電極2の上位上流部には、アルミニウム片とPVC片の混合物を定量供給する混合物供給装置(混合物供給手段)6が配設されている。この混合物供給装置6は、たとえば振動式の定量供給フィーダ6aと、混合物の電荷を中和させる除電器6bと、ベルト電極2上にその傾斜方向下方に向かって傾斜されて混合物を送り出す投入シュート6cとで構成されている。
【0019】
前記除電器6bは、図4に示すように、たとえば針状電極Mからマイナスイオンとプラスイオンとを交互に発生して混合物片Pに降り注がせる交流式が採用され、混合物片Pにたとえばプラス電荷が多い場合、プラスイオンは反発されるが、マイナスイオンは混合片Pに引き込まれてプラスイオンと中和され、除電された混合物片Pはプラスの電荷とマイナスの電荷が等しく中和されている。これにより、投入前の混合物でアルミニウム片とPVC片とが静電気により互いに付着して分離精度が低下するのを効果的に防止している。
【0020】
また図1,図3に示すように、ベルト電極2の搬送面の下部には、互いに付着されたアルミニウム片とPVC片と解すための振動装置7が配設されており、この振動装置は、たとえば回転軸7aが偏心位置に貫通された複数の偏心ロータ7bを振動用モータ(図示せず)により回転させることで、ベルト電極2を上下に振動させて互いに付着したアルミニウム片とPVC片とを解して分離させることで、分離精度を向上させている。なお、この振動装置7の振幅と振動周期は、ベルト電極2上で混合物が飛び跳ねて接触時間などが大幅に低下しないように設定され、特にPVC片とベルト電極2との間に十分な吸着力が働くように構成されている。
【0021】
またベルト電極2の下位で他端側下方には、アルミニウム片を回収する導電材トレイ8が配設され、下流端側下方にはPVC片を回収するプラスチック材トレイ9が配置されるとともに、PVC片をベルト電極2の表面から剥離させる回転式の回収ブラシ10または回収スクレーパが設けられている。
【0022】
上記構成において、粉砕機11により粉砕されたアルミニウム片とPVC片は、気送式や機械式の搬送装置12から貯留タンク13に送られ、貯留タンク13から定量供給フィーダ6aにより除電器6bに送られる。ここでアルミニウム片とPVC片の電荷が中和されて静電気による付着が解消された後、投入シュート6cからベルト電極2上に定量供給される。
【0023】
ベルト電極2上に供給された混合物は、振動装置7により解されて分離される。さらに図2に示すように、混合物のうち、導電体であるアルミニウム片は、プラス極のベルト電極2と接触することでマイナスの電荷が中和されてプラスの電荷が蓄えられると、このプラスの電荷による鏡像力と静電場における静電力とによりアルミニウム片がベルト電極2に反発し、ベルト電極2に対して働く摩擦力が極めて小さくなって矢印Qで示す移動軌跡に沿って傾斜方向下方に滑落し導電材トレイ8に回収される。
【0024】
一方、ベルト電極2上に供給された絶縁体であるPVC片は、静電場とベルト電極2の作用で電荷が分極化し、マイナスの電荷によりベルト電極2に吸引されて強く付着される。これによりPVC片がベルト電極2の移動に従って矢印Rで示す移動軌跡に沿ってベルト移動方向に搬送され、下流端で回収ブラシ10によりPVC片がベルト電極2の表面から剥離されてプラスチック材トレイ9に回収される。
【0025】
ここで選別実験により得られた結果を説明する。
図1に示す実験装置により行った実験条件は、混合物(アルミニウム片とPVC片)の粒径r≒10mm以下、選別空間の電界強度E=500kV/m、アルミニウム片の摩擦係数μc=0.42、PVC片の摩擦係数μi=0.52、コンベヤ電極の傾斜角θ=12°、ベルト電極の移動速度V=0.05m/sec、ベルト電極の長さX=0.3m、ベルト電極の幅Y=0.15mである。
【0026】
【表1】

Figure 2004283778
【0027】
ここで、アルミニウム片の純度=導電材トレイに回収されたアルミニウム重量/導電材トレイに回収された全重量×100(%)であり、PVC片の純度=プラスチック材トレイに回収されたアルミニウム重量/プラスチック材トレイに回収された全重量×100(%)である。また、アルミニウム片の回収率=導電材トレイに回収されたアルミニウム重量/投入された混合物中の全アルミニウム重量×100(%)、PVC片の回収率=プラスチック材トレイに回収されたPVC重量/投入された混合物中の全PVC重量×100(%)である。
【0028】
上記実験によれば、アルミニウム片およびPVC片共、かなりの高純度、高回収率で選別することができることが判明した。
ここでベルト電極2の摩擦係数、混合物の摩擦係数力や混合物の形状、大きさ、選別空間3の電界強度、混合物の処理量により、ベルト電極2の傾斜角θは、たとえば5°〜15°の範囲で任意に選択され、これは5°未満ではアルミニウム片が落下せずにPVC片と同方向に移送されて選別精度が低下するためであり、15°を超えるとPVC片が落下して選別精度を低下させるおそれがあるからである。またベルト電極の移動速度Vは0.01〜0.2m/secの範囲で選択され、これは0.01m/sec未満では選別完了までに時間がかかり、選別効率が低下するためであり、また0.2m/secを越えると、アルミニウム片が落下しつつ搬送方向に移送されて選別精度が低下される恐れがあるためである。さらに混合物の投入方向や速度も分離精度に影響されることから、投入シュート6cの姿勢を調整することもできる。
【0029】
なお、比較例として、図5に示す従来装置により実験結果を下記に示す。
この実験条件は、混合物(アルミニウム片およびPVC片)の粒径r≒1mm以下、選別空間3の電界強度E=430kV/m、アルミニウム片の摩擦係数μc=0.42、PVC片の摩擦係数μi=0.52、コンベヤ電極の傾斜角θ=12°、振動装置によるベルト電極の振動数ω=201.1rad/sec、同ベルト電極の振幅a=0.5mm、ベルト電極の長さX=0.3m、ベルト電極の幅Y=0.15mである。
【0030】
【表2】
Figure 2004283778
【0031】
上記実施の形態によれば、静電場により分極化されたPVC片をベルト電極に十分に吸着させて移動方向Rに沿って安定して搬送させ、また帯電されるプラスチック片を鏡像力と静電力によりベルト電極2に効果的に反発させることで移動方向Qに滑落させることにより、選別精度を向上させることができ、またPVC片の搬送方向Rとプラスチック片の滑落方向Qとを略90°近くに大きく隔てるように設定することにより、選別精度をさらに向上させることができる。
【0032】
なお、混合物の種類に応じて、ベルト電極の傾斜方向を変更することで、PVC片の搬送方向Rとプラスチック片の滑落方向Qを変更することもできる。さらに混合物が薄物やプリント基板の粉砕微粉などでは、小さい帯電量および静電電圧で十分な吸着力を発生させることができる。
【0033】
また投入前の混合物を除電器6bにより電荷を中和させることで、静電気で互いに付着したPVC片とプラスチック片とを分離したり、分離しやすくし、さらに振動装置で解して効果的に分離することで、PVC片とプラスチック片の選別精度を飛躍的に向上させることができる。
【0034】
さらに従来のようにコロナ放電により電荷を付与するようなことがないので、これにより電極電圧を抑制できてランニングコストを低減することができる。
図5は本発明に係る搬送式選別装置の他の実施の形態を示す。なお、先の実施の形態と同一部材には同一符号を付して説明を省略する。
【0035】
先の実施の形態では、コンベヤ電極2を幅方向に沿って傾斜させてPVC片とプラスチック片との分離移動方向の成す角をぼぼ90°としているが、コンベヤ電極2を長さ方向で搬送方向下流側が上位となるように所定角度δ°傾斜させたもので、θ=0°としている。導電材トレイ8はコンベヤ電極2の搬送方向上流端の下方に配置され、これによりPVC片とプラスチック片との分離移動角をぼぼ180°としている。この場合、PVC片の吸着力が十分に得られることが必要であるが、混合物片の形状や性質により、十分な選別精度を達成することができる。
【0036】
もちろん、コンベヤ電極2の傾斜方向を混合物片の形状や性質に応じて設定することができ、PVC片とプラスチック片との分離移動方向の成す角を先の実施の形態と他の実施の形態との中間、すなわち90°〜180°の中間角度や90°未満としてもよい。
【0037】
なお、上記実施の形態において、除電器5bには交流式を採用したが、ベルト電極2の極性と異極性のイオン(ここではマイナスイオン)を付与する直流式の除電器でもよい。
【0038】
またこの直流式の除電器と原理的に同一構造であるが、ベルト電極2の極性と異極性のマイナスイオンを付与する帯電装置を設けてもよい。
これら直流式の除電器または帯電装置により、アルミニウム片およびPVC片にマイナスイオンを付与して多数のマイナスの電荷を帯電させることで、互いに反発させて分離させ、さらにPVC片のベルト電極2に対する吸着力を増大させることができ、これにより選別精度をさらに向上させることができる。
【0039】
【発明の効果】
以上に述べたごとく請求項1および2記載の発明によれば、分極化したプラスチック片を移動平面電極上に安定して吸着させて移動方向に沿って搬送し、接触により移動平面電極と反対の極性に帯電された導電材片を移動平面電極に反発させて傾斜方向下方に滑落させるので、プラスチック片の移動軌跡と導電材片の移動軌跡とを大きくかつ明瞭に隔てることができ、また混合物の摩擦係数の大小や破砕形状の違いなどにより選別精度が影響を受けにくく、これにより選別精度を更に向上させることができる。
【0040】
請求項3記載の発明によれば、投入前の混合物の電荷を中和させることにより、静電気で互いに吸着する混合物を互いに分離し、また分離しやすくすることができ、これにより選別精度をより向上させることができる。
【0041】
請求項4記載の発明によれば、帯電装置により混合物を予め移動平面電極と異極性に帯電させておくことにより、混合物片同士を互いに反発させて分離することができ、またプラスチック片の移動電極に対する吸着力を高めることができるので、これによりさらに分離精度を向上させることができる。
【0042】
請求項5記載の発明によれば、移動平面電極をベルト電極で構成することにより連続して選別作業を行うことができる。またベルト電極の移動方向に対して略90°隔て傾斜させることで、プラスチック片の移動軌跡と導電材片の移動軌跡とを90°近くまで隔てることができ、選別精度を向上させることができる。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】本発明に係る搬送式選別装置の実施の形態を示す構成図である。
【図2】同選別装置の混合物の選別移動軌跡を示す説明図である。
【図3】同選別装置の振動装置を示す概略構成図である。
【図4】同選別装置の除電器の作用を説明する説明図である。
【図5】本発明に係る搬送式選別装置の実施の形態を示す構成図である。
【図6】従来の振動式選別装置を示す構成図である。
【図7】同従来の振動式選別装置の混合物の選別移動軌跡を示す説明図である。
【符号の説明】
1 基台
2 ベルト電極
3 選別空間
4 対向電極板
5 高電圧電源
6 混合物供給装置
6a 定量供給フィーダ
6b 除電器
6c 投入シュート
7 振動装置
7a 回転軸
7b 偏心ロータ
8 導電材トレイ
9 プラスチック材トレイ
10 回収ブラシ[0001]
TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a pharmaceutical packaging container such as a mixture of a plastic material and a conductive material (metals), for example, a stranded cable, a printed circuit board, a capsule or a tablet discharged from waste home appliances, waste vehicles, waste OA equipment, waste wires, and the like. And a method and apparatus suitable for separating mixed and crushed materials, such as the like.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Conventionally, the present inventors have proposed a vibration-type sorting method and apparatus for a conductive material and a plastic material in Patent Document 1.
[0003]
As shown in FIG. 6, the sorting device arranges a corona discharge electrode 52 with a separation space above a vibrating electrode plate 51 that is arranged at a predetermined angle α °. A high voltage is applied to the vibrating electrode plate 51 and the corona discharge electrode 52, and the mixed pieces supplied onto the vibrating electrode plate 51 by the mixture supply device 54 are charged by corona discharge. By contacting with the plate 51, it is charged to the same polarity as the diaphragm electrode 51 and repelled, and the charged plastic piece is attracted to the diaphragm electrode 51, whereby the conductive material piece is slid down in the inclined direction and Is conveyed in the vibration conveying direction to sort.
[0004]
[Patent Document 1] JP-A-2002-346434 CD-ROM
[0005]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
However, in the above-mentioned conventional sorting apparatus, as shown in FIG. 7, although the conductive material piece slides down substantially along the downward direction A, the plastic piece has little frictional contact with the vibrating electrode plate, so that it greatly affects gravity. Then, the sheet is conveyed and moved along a moving direction B which is intermediate between the vibration conveying direction and the inclined direction. For this reason, the moving direction of the conductive material piece and the moving direction of the plastic piece cannot be largely separated from each other, and there is a problem that it is difficult to improve the accuracy of selecting the conductive material piece and the plastic material piece. Further, in the conventional sorting apparatus, there is a problem that the sorting accuracy is easily affected by the magnitude of the friction coefficient of the conductive material piece or the plastic piece or the difference in the crushed shape.
[0006]
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION It is an object of the present invention to solve the above problems and to provide a method and an apparatus for separating a conductive material and a plastic material, which can select a mixture of a conductive material piece and a plastic piece with higher accuracy.
[0007]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In order to achieve the above object, a method for selecting a conductive material and a plastic material according to claim 1 is characterized in that a separation space is provided above a moving flat electrode which is arranged at a predetermined angle in a direction different from the moving direction. Is arranged, an electrostatic field is formed in the sorting space by applying a voltage to the moving plane electrode and the counter electrode, and a mixture of a conductive material piece and a plastic piece is supplied on the upstream side in the moving direction of the moving plane electrode. The conductive piece is brought into contact with the moving plane electrode and charged to the same polarity as the moving plane electrode, thereby repelling the moving electrode, causing the conductive piece to slide down in the inclined direction, and polarizing the plastic piece into the moving plane electrode. The suction is carried to the downstream side along the moving direction of the moving flat electrode to separate the plastic piece and the conductive material piece.
[0008]
The apparatus for separating a conductive material and a plastic material according to claim 2, wherein the moving plane electrode is inclined in a direction different from the moving direction, a counter electrode disposed above the moving plane electrode with a separation space therebetween, and the moving plane. A high-voltage power supply that applies a high voltage to the electrode and the counter electrode to form an electrostatic field in the sorting space, and a mixture supply unit that supplies a mixture of the conductive material piece and the plastic piece to the sorting space upstream of the moving plane electrode. Of the mixture supplied on the moving plane electrode by the mixture supply means, the conductive material piece is brought into contact with the moving plane electrode and charged to the same polarity as the moving plane electrode, thereby repelling the moving plane electrode and conducting. The material piece is slid down in the direction of inclination, and the plastic piece is polarized and adsorbed to the moving flat electrode, thereby being transported downstream in the moving direction of the moving flat electrode to separate the plastic piece from the conductive material piece. It is obtained by sea urchin configuration.
[0009]
According to each of the above configurations, the polarized plastic piece is stably adsorbed on the moving plane electrode and transported along the moving direction, and the conductive material piece charged to the opposite polarity to the moving plane electrode by contact is moved. Since it rebounds from the flat electrode and slides downward in the direction of inclination, the locus of movement of the plastic piece and the locus of conductive material can be separated clearly and largely, and the friction coefficient of the mixture and the size of the crushed shape can be different. In addition, the sorting accuracy is hardly affected, and thus the sorting accuracy can be further improved.
[0010]
According to a third aspect of the present invention, in the apparatus for separating a conductive material and a plastic material, the mixture supply means is provided with a static eliminator for neutralizing the electric charge of the conductive material piece and the plastic piece.
According to the above configuration, by neutralizing the charge of the mixture before being charged, the mixtures adsorbing each other by static electricity can be separated from each other, and can be easily separated, whereby the sorting accuracy can be further improved. .
[0011]
According to a fourth aspect of the present invention, in the apparatus for separating a conductive material and a plastic material, a charging device for charging the mixture to a different polarity from the moving flat electrode is provided in the mixture supply means.
According to the above configuration, by charging the mixture in advance to the moving plane electrode with a different polarity by the charging device, the mixture pieces can be repelled and separated from each other, and the adsorption force of the plastic piece to the moving electrode can be reduced. Since the separation accuracy can be increased, the separation accuracy can be further improved.
[0012]
In the apparatus for separating a conductive material and a plastic material according to claim 5, the moving plane electrode is constituted by an endless belt electrode made of a conductive material, and an inclination direction of the belt electrode is separated from the moving direction of the belt electrode by approximately 90 °. It is something.
[0013]
According to the above-described configuration, the sorting operation can be continuously performed by configuring the moving plane electrode with the belt electrode. Further, by inclining at about 90 ° with respect to the moving direction of the belt electrode, the moving locus of the plastic piece and the moving locus of the conductive material piece can be separated to nearly 90 °, and the sorting accuracy can be improved.
[0014]
BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
Here, an embodiment of a transport type sorting apparatus according to the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS.
[0015]
This sorting apparatus is suitable for, for example, pulverized pharmaceutical packaging containers such as capsules and tablets. For example, a mixture of a pulverized aluminum piece (conductive material piece) having an outer diameter of 10 mm or less and a pulverized PVC piece (plastic piece) is used. It is suitable for separating into aluminum pieces and PVC pieces. Here, the crushed product is described as “piece”, but “piece” includes particles having a diameter of up to about 0.5 mm.
[0016]
Hereinafter, the details will be described with reference to FIG.
On the base 1, the rollers are wound around guide rollers 2a and 2b on the upstream side and the downstream side along the horizontal transport direction (x-axis direction), and the transport surface is moved from the upstream side to the downstream side by a drive motor (not shown). A belt electrode (moving plane electrode) 2 made of an endless conductive material that is moved at a predetermined speed is disposed. The belt electrode 2 is made of a metal plate having flexibility and elasticity, and is inclined at an inclination angle θ from the upper end on one end side to the lower end on the other end side in the width direction (y-axis direction). On the other hand, the inclination directions are separated by approximately 90 °.
[0017]
Above the belt electrode 2, plate-shaped counter electrode plates (counter electrodes) 4 are provided so as to be parallel to each other and substantially cover the transport surface with a separation space 3 therebetween. The (+) pole side of the high voltage power supply 5 is connected to the belt electrode 2 via a sliding contact brush and grounded, and the (−) pole side is connected to the counter electrode 4 so that the belt electrode 2 and the counter electrode plate 4 are connected to each other. To form an electrostatic field in the sorting space 3 by applying a high voltage to the sorting space 3.
[0018]
In addition, a mixture supply device (mixture supply means) 6 for supplying a fixed amount of a mixture of aluminum pieces and PVC pieces is provided in the upper upstream portion of the belt electrode 2. The mixture supply device 6 includes, for example, a vibration-type fixed-quantity supply feeder 6a, a neutralizer 6b for neutralizing the charge of the mixture, and a charging chute 6c that inclines the mixture on the belt electrode 2 downward and sends the mixture downward. It is composed of
[0019]
As the static eliminator 6b, as shown in FIG. 4, for example, an alternating current type in which negative ions and positive ions are alternately generated from the needle-shaped electrode M and pour down to the mixture piece P is adopted. When the positive charge is large, the positive ions are repelled, but the negative ions are attracted to the mixed piece P and neutralized with the positive ions, and the neutralized mixed piece P is neutralized so that the positive and negative charges are equal. ing. This effectively prevents the aluminum piece and the PVC piece from adhering to each other due to static electricity and lowering the separation accuracy in the mixture before being charged.
[0020]
As shown in FIGS. 1 and 3, a vibration device 7 for disassembling the aluminum piece and the PVC piece attached to each other is provided below the conveying surface of the belt electrode 2. For example, by rotating a plurality of eccentric rotors 7b having a rotating shaft 7a penetrated to an eccentric position by a vibration motor (not shown), the belt electrode 2 is vibrated up and down to separate the aluminum piece and the PVC piece adhered to each other. By separating and separating, the separation accuracy is improved. The amplitude and the vibration period of the vibrating device 7 are set so that the mixture does not jump on the belt electrode 2 so that the contact time and the like are not significantly reduced. In particular, a sufficient attraction force is applied between the PVC piece and the belt electrode 2. Is configured to work.
[0021]
A conductive material tray 8 for collecting aluminum pieces is provided below the lower end of the belt electrode 2 and below the other end, and a plastic material tray 9 for collecting PVC pieces is provided below the downstream end. A rotary recovery brush 10 or a recovery scraper for peeling off the piece from the surface of the belt electrode 2 is provided.
[0022]
In the above configuration, the aluminum pieces and the PVC pieces pulverized by the pulverizer 11 are sent from the pneumatic or mechanical transfer device 12 to the storage tank 13, and are sent from the storage tank 13 to the static eliminator 6 b by the quantitative supply feeder 6 a. Can be Here, after the electric charge of the aluminum piece and the PVC piece is neutralized and the adhesion due to static electricity is eliminated, a fixed amount is supplied onto the belt electrode 2 from the charging chute 6c.
[0023]
The mixture supplied on the belt electrode 2 is separated by the vibrating device 7 and separated. Further, as shown in FIG. 2, the aluminum piece, which is a conductor, in the mixture, when the negative charge is neutralized by contact with the positive belt electrode 2, and the positive charge is stored, The aluminum piece repels the belt electrode 2 due to the image force of the electric charge and the electrostatic force in the electrostatic field, and the frictional force acting on the belt electrode 2 becomes extremely small, so that the aluminum piece slides downward along the movement locus indicated by the arrow Q in the inclined direction. And is collected in the conductive material tray 8.
[0024]
On the other hand, the PVC piece, which is an insulator supplied on the belt electrode 2, is polarized by an electrostatic field and the action of the belt electrode 2, is attracted to the belt electrode 2 by a negative charge, and adheres strongly. As a result, the PVC piece is conveyed in the belt moving direction along the movement locus indicated by the arrow R according to the movement of the belt electrode 2, and at the downstream end, the PVC piece is separated from the surface of the belt electrode 2 by the collection brush 10, and the plastic material tray 9 Will be collected.
[0025]
Here, the results obtained by the screening experiment will be described.
The experimental conditions performed by the experimental apparatus shown in FIG. 1 are as follows: the particle size r of the mixture (aluminum piece and PVC piece) is not more than 10 mm, the electric field intensity E of the sorting space is 500 kV / m, and the friction coefficient μc of the aluminum piece is 0.42. , The coefficient of friction μi of the PVC piece = 0.52, the inclination angle θ of the conveyor electrode = 12 °, the moving speed V of the belt electrode V = 0.05 m / sec, the length X 0 of the belt electrode = 0.3 m, the belt electrode The width Y 0 is 0.15 m.
[0026]
[Table 1]
Figure 2004283778
[0027]
Here, purity of aluminum pieces = weight of aluminum collected in conductive material tray / total weight collected in conductive material tray × 100 (%), and purity of PVC piece = weight of aluminum collected in plastic material tray / The total weight x 100 (%) collected in the plastic material tray. Also, the recovery rate of aluminum pieces = the weight of aluminum recovered in the conductive material tray / the total aluminum weight in the charged mixture × 100 (%), the recovery rate of PVC pieces = the weight of PVC recovered in the plastic material tray / loading Weight of total PVC in the blended mixture x 100 (%).
[0028]
According to the above experiment, it was found that both aluminum pieces and PVC pieces can be sorted with a considerably high purity and a high recovery rate.
Here, the inclination angle θ of the belt electrode 2 is, for example, 5 ° to 15 ° depending on the friction coefficient of the belt electrode 2, the friction coefficient force of the mixture, the shape and size of the mixture, the electric field strength of the sorting space 3, and the throughput of the mixture. If the angle is less than 5 °, the aluminum pieces are not dropped and are transferred in the same direction as the PVC pieces and the sorting accuracy is reduced. If the angle exceeds 15 °, the PVC pieces fall and fall. This is because there is a risk of lowering the sorting accuracy. In addition, the moving speed V of the belt electrode is selected in the range of 0.01 to 0.2 m / sec. If the moving speed V is less than 0.01 m / sec, it takes time to complete the sorting, and the sorting efficiency is reduced. If it exceeds 0.2 m / sec, the aluminum pieces may be transferred in the transport direction while falling, and the sorting accuracy may be reduced. Further, since the direction and speed of charging the mixture are also affected by the separation accuracy, the attitude of the charging chute 6c can be adjusted.
[0029]
As a comparative example, experimental results are shown below using the conventional apparatus shown in FIG.
The experimental conditions were as follows: particle size r ≒ 1 mm or less of the mixture (aluminum piece and PVC piece), electric field intensity E of the sorting space 3 = 430 kV / m, friction coefficient μc of aluminum piece = 0.42, friction coefficient μi of PVC piece = 0.52, conveyor electrode inclination angle θ = 12 °, vibration frequency ω of the belt electrode by the vibration device = 201.1 rad / sec, amplitude a of the belt electrode a = 0.5 mm, belt electrode length X 0 = 0.3 m, and the width Y 0 of the belt electrode is 0.15 m.
[0030]
[Table 2]
Figure 2004283778
[0031]
According to the above embodiment, the PVC piece polarized by the electrostatic field is sufficiently adsorbed to the belt electrode to be stably conveyed in the moving direction R, and the charged plastic piece is subjected to the image force and electrostatic force. By effectively repelling against the belt electrode 2 and sliding down in the moving direction Q, sorting accuracy can be improved, and the conveying direction R of the PVC piece and the sliding direction Q of the plastic piece are approximately 90 °. By setting such that they are largely separated from each other, the sorting accuracy can be further improved.
[0032]
In addition, the conveying direction R of the PVC piece and the sliding direction Q of the plastic piece can be changed by changing the inclination direction of the belt electrode according to the type of the mixture. Further, when the mixture is a thin material or a crushed fine powder of a printed circuit board, a sufficient adsorption force can be generated with a small charge amount and a small electrostatic voltage.
[0033]
Also, by neutralizing the charge of the mixture before charging by the static eliminator 6b, the PVC and plastic pieces adhered to each other by static electricity can be separated or easily separated, and further effectively separated by disengaging with a vibration device. By doing so, the accuracy of sorting PVC pieces and plastic pieces can be dramatically improved.
[0034]
Furthermore, since no charge is applied by corona discharge unlike the conventional case, the electrode voltage can be suppressed and the running cost can be reduced.
FIG. 5 shows another embodiment of the transport type sorting apparatus according to the present invention. The same members as those in the above embodiment are denoted by the same reference numerals, and description thereof will be omitted.
[0035]
In the above embodiment, the conveyor electrode 2 is inclined along the width direction to make the angle of the separation and movement direction between the PVC piece and the plastic piece approximately 90 °, but the conveyor electrode 2 is moved in the length direction in the transport direction. It is inclined at a predetermined angle δ ° so that the downstream side is higher, and θ = 0 °. The conductive material tray 8 is disposed below the upstream end of the conveyor electrode 2 in the transport direction, so that the separation movement angle between the PVC piece and the plastic piece is approximately 180 °. In this case, it is necessary that a sufficient adsorption force of the PVC pieces is obtained, but sufficient sorting accuracy can be achieved depending on the shape and properties of the mixture pieces.
[0036]
Of course, the inclination direction of the conveyor electrode 2 can be set in accordance with the shape and properties of the mixture piece, and the angle formed by the separation and movement direction between the PVC piece and the plastic piece is different from that of the above embodiment and other embodiments. , That is, an intermediate angle of 90 ° to 180 ° or less than 90 °.
[0037]
In the above embodiment, an AC type static eliminator 5b is employed, but a DC type static eliminator for applying ions of different polarity (here, negative ions) from the polarity of the belt electrode 2 may be used.
[0038]
Although the structure is basically the same as that of the DC type static eliminator, a charging device for applying a negative ion having a polarity different from the polarity of the belt electrode 2 may be provided.
These DC type static eliminators or charging devices apply negative ions to the aluminum piece and the PVC piece to charge a large number of negative charges, thereby repelling and separating each other, and further adsorbing the PVC piece to the belt electrode 2. The force can be increased, which can further improve the sorting accuracy.
[0039]
【The invention's effect】
As described above, according to the first and second aspects of the present invention, the polarized plastic piece is stably adsorbed on the moving plane electrode and transported along the moving direction, and is contacted with the opposite to the moving plane electrode. Since the electrically charged conductive material piece repels the moving flat electrode and slides downward in the inclined direction, the movement trajectory of the plastic piece and the movement of the conductive material piece can be largely and clearly separated, and the mixture of the mixture can be separated. The sorting accuracy is hardly affected by the size of the friction coefficient or the difference in the crushed shape, and the sorting accuracy can be further improved.
[0040]
According to the third aspect of the present invention, by neutralizing the charge of the mixture before being charged, the mixtures adsorbed by static electricity can be separated from each other and can be easily separated, thereby further improving the sorting accuracy. Can be done.
[0041]
According to the fourth aspect of the present invention, the mixture is charged in advance with a different polarity to the moving plane electrode by the charging device, whereby the mixture pieces can be repelled and separated from each other, and the moving electrode of the plastic piece can be separated. Therefore, the separation force can be further improved.
[0042]
According to the fifth aspect of the present invention, the sorting operation can be continuously performed by configuring the moving flat electrode with the belt electrode. In addition, by inclining at approximately 90 ° with respect to the moving direction of the belt electrode, the moving locus of the plastic piece and the moving locus of the conductive material piece can be separated to nearly 90 °, and the sorting accuracy can be improved.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a configuration diagram showing an embodiment of a transport type sorting apparatus according to the present invention.
FIG. 2 is an explanatory diagram showing a sorting movement locus of a mixture of the sorting device.
FIG. 3 is a schematic configuration diagram showing a vibration device of the sorting device.
FIG. 4 is an explanatory diagram illustrating an operation of a static eliminator of the sorting apparatus.
FIG. 5 is a configuration diagram showing an embodiment of a transport type sorting apparatus according to the present invention.
FIG. 6 is a configuration diagram showing a conventional vibration-type sorting device.
FIG. 7 is an explanatory diagram showing a sorting movement locus of a mixture of the conventional vibration type sorting apparatus.
[Explanation of symbols]
REFERENCE SIGNS LIST 1 base 2 belt electrode 3 sorting space 4 counter electrode plate 5 high-voltage power supply 6 mixture supply device 6a quantitative supply feeder 6b static eliminator 6c charging chute 7 vibrating device 7a rotating shaft 7b eccentric rotor 8 conductive material tray 9 plastic material tray 10 collection brush

Claims (5)

移動方向と異なる方向に所定角度傾斜して配置された移動平面電極の上方に、選別空間をあけて対向電極を配置し、
前記移動平面電極と対向電極とに電圧を印加して選別空間に静電場を形成し、前記移動平面電極の移動方向の上流側に、導電材片とプラスチック片の混合物を供給し、
導電材片を移動平面電極に接触させて移動平面電極と同極性に帯電させることにより移動電極に反発させて導電材片を傾斜方向下方に滑落させ、
プラスチック片を分極化して移動平面電極に吸着させることで移動平面電極の移動方向に沿って下流側に搬送し、プラスチック片と導電材片とを分離する
ことを特徴とする導電材とプラスチック材の選別方法。
Above the moving plane electrode arranged at a predetermined angle in a direction different from the moving direction, a counter electrode is arranged with a separation space,
Applying a voltage to the moving plane electrode and the counter electrode to form an electrostatic field in the sorting space, and supplying a mixture of a conductive material piece and a plastic piece to the upstream side in the moving direction of the moving plane electrode,
The conductive material piece is brought into contact with the moving plane electrode and charged to the same polarity as the moving plane electrode, thereby repelling the moving electrode and sliding the conductive material piece downward in the tilt direction,
Polarizing the plastic piece and adsorbing it to the moving plane electrode, conveys it downstream along the moving direction of the moving plane electrode, and separates the plastic piece and the conductive material piece. Sorting method.
移動方向と異なる方向に傾斜された移動平面電極と、
移動平面電極の上方に選別空間をあけて配置された対向電極と、
前記移動平面電極と対向電極とに高電圧を印加して選別空間に静電場を形成する高電圧電源と、
移動平面電極の上流側の選別空間に導電材片とプラスチック片の混合物を供給する混合物供給手段とを具備し、
混合物供給手段により移動平面電極上に供給された混合物のうち、導電材片を移動平面電極に接触させて移動平面電極と同極性に帯電させることにより移動平面電極に反発させて導電材片を傾斜方向下方に滑落させ、プラスチック片を分極化して移動平面電極に吸着させることで移動平面電極の移動方向下流側に搬送し、プラスチック片と導電材片とを分離するように構成した
ことを特徴とする導電材とプラスチック材の選別装置。
A moving plane electrode inclined in a direction different from the moving direction,
A counter electrode arranged with a separation space above the moving plane electrode,
A high-voltage power supply for applying a high voltage to the moving plane electrode and the counter electrode to form an electrostatic field in the sorting space;
A mixture supply means for supplying a mixture of a conductive material piece and a plastic piece to a sorting space on the upstream side of the moving plane electrode,
Of the mixture supplied onto the moving plane electrode by the mixture supply means, the conductive material piece is brought into contact with the moving plane electrode and charged to the same polarity as the moving plane electrode, thereby repelling the moving plane electrode and tilting the conductive material piece. In the direction of movement of the moving flat electrode by separating the plastic piece from the conductive material piece by causing the plastic piece to be polarized and adsorbed to the moving flat electrode. For sorting conductive and plastic materials.
混合物供給手段に、導電材片とプラスチック片の電荷を中和させる除電装置を設けた
ことを特徴とする請求項2記載の導電材とプラスチック材の選別装置。
3. An apparatus according to claim 2, wherein said mixture supply means is provided with a static eliminator for neutralizing charges of said conductive material piece and said plastic piece.
混合物供給手段に、混合物を移動平面電極と異極性に帯電させる帯電装置を設けた
ことを特徴とする請求項2記載の導電材とプラスチック材の選別装置。
3. An apparatus according to claim 2, wherein said mixture supply means is provided with a charging device for charging the mixture to a polarity different from that of the moving flat electrode.
移動平面電極を導電材製の無端状ベルト電極により構成し、
前記ベルト電極の移動方向に対してベルト電極の傾斜方向を略90°隔てた
ことを特徴とする請求項2乃至4のいずれかに記載の導電材とプラスチック材の選別装置。
The moving plane electrode is constituted by an endless belt electrode made of a conductive material,
5. The apparatus according to claim 2, wherein an inclination direction of the belt electrode is separated from the moving direction of the belt electrode by approximately 90 degrees.
JP2003081657A 2003-03-25 2003-03-25 Method and apparatus for sorting conductive material and plastic material Expired - Fee Related JP4001830B2 (en)

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CN104869739A (en) * 2015-06-16 2015-08-26 安徽黄山胶囊股份有限公司 Static electricity removing reaction chamber for empty capsule
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Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2012232272A (en) * 2011-05-09 2012-11-29 Shibaura Institute Of Technology Electrostatic separation device
CN104475259A (en) * 2014-12-29 2015-04-01 中国矿业大学 Conductive sensitive electrified electric separator
CN104869739A (en) * 2015-06-16 2015-08-26 安徽黄山胶囊股份有限公司 Static electricity removing reaction chamber for empty capsule
JP2018118223A (en) * 2017-01-26 2018-08-02 Jx金属株式会社 Method of processing electric electronic component debris
JP2018192427A (en) * 2017-05-17 2018-12-06 学校法人 芝浦工業大学 Electrostatic selecting method and device

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