JP2004274656A - Lens antenna - Google Patents
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- JP2004274656A JP2004274656A JP2003066137A JP2003066137A JP2004274656A JP 2004274656 A JP2004274656 A JP 2004274656A JP 2003066137 A JP2003066137 A JP 2003066137A JP 2003066137 A JP2003066137 A JP 2003066137A JP 2004274656 A JP2004274656 A JP 2004274656A
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Abstract
Description
【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、誘電体レンズを用いたレンズアンテナに関し、特に特定方向に対する不要放射を減衰させうる技術に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
誘電体レンズは電波レンズの一種であり、ミリ波帯での無線通信やレーダ等で利用されている。誘電体レンズを用いたレンズアンテナは、例えば特許文献1に開示されるように、車載レーダ装置等で利用される場合がある。特許文献1の車載レーダ装置用アンテナは、適切に配置した給電線路からの放射電磁波を利用して電磁波の干渉を生じさせることにより非対称なビームパターンを形成するものである。かかる車載レーダ装置によれば、水平より下側の方向への放射が低減され、それに起因する誤検出等を抑制することができる。
【0003】
【特許文献1】
特開2000−228608号公報
【0004】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
上記特許文献1に開示される車載レーダ装置によれば、特定方向に対する不要放射を抑制するという点で、一定の効果を得ることができる。しかしながら、特許文献1のレンズアンテナは、一次放射器でビームを整形するものであるため、例えば誘電体レンズにおける多重反射等、その後段で生じる現象に起因する不要放射に対しては、その対策が難しいという問題がある。
【0005】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明にかかるレンズアンテナは誘電体レンズと、上記誘電体レンズの側端面を被覆する被覆部と、を備え、上記被覆部には、放射元側から放射先側に向かうにつれて所期のビーム中心側に向かう傾斜面が形成される。
【0006】
また上記本発明にかかるレンズアンテナでは、さらに、上記傾斜面に放射電波が直接到来するのを抑制する遮蔽部を有するのが好適である。
【0007】
また上記本発明にかかるレンズアンテナでは、さらに、放射元側から上記誘電体レンズに至る拡開導波管を構成するホーンを備え、上記被覆部および/または遮蔽部は上記ホーンの一部として構成されるのが好適である。
【0008】
また上記本発明にかかるレンズアンテナではさらに、上記誘電体レンズの側端面のうち、上記傾斜面に接する部分に対して周方向に隣接する領域が、上記被覆部によって被覆されるのが好適である。
【0009】
また上記本発明にかかるレンズアンテナでは、上記傾斜面は、上記誘電体レンズアンテナの下側端面に形成され、放射元側から放射先側に向かうにつれて上方に向けて傾斜するのが好適である。
【0010】
【発明の実施の形態】
以下、本発明の好適な実施形態について図面を参照して説明する。図1は、本実施形態にかかるレンズアンテナ10の外観を示す斜視図、図2は、レンズアンテナ10を斜め上方から見た断面図(図3のB−B断面図)また図3は、レンズアンテナ10を側方から見た断面図(図2のA−A断面図)である。
【0011】
レンズアンテナ10は、ホーン12の略矩形の開口部に誘電体レンズ14を装着したホーンアンテナとして構成されている。
【0012】
ホーン12は、導波路(導波管)16としての内部空洞の設けられた金属導体(例えばアルミニウム合金)によって構成されている。この例では、導波路16は、略矩形の断面(電波の伝搬方向に垂直な断面)を有している。そして、図2に示すように、その矩形断面の水平方向の幅は基部側から開口部側まで一定であり、また図3に示すように、上下方向の幅は基部側から開口部側に向けて例えば線形(一次)的に漸増して側方からの視点ではラッパ状に拡開するような形状となっている。なお、図には示さないが、ホーン12の例えば基端側(すなわち誘電体レンズ14の他端側)にはレンズアンテナ10をその装置(例えば通信装置等)に接続固定するためのフランジが設けられている。
【0013】
誘電体レンズ14は、ホーン12の開口部に例えば接着されて固定されている。この誘電体レンズ14は、放射面(露出面)側において段差を有する構成となっている。図1〜3の例では、誘電体レンズ14には、放射面の水平方向中央となる位置で上下に(すなわちホーン12の矩形の開口部の上側端辺の中央から下側端辺の中央にかけて)一定の幅で伸びる線状の(畝状あるいは直方体状の)***部20が形成され、さらに***部20を挟んだ両側に平坦な基面22が形成されている。この***部20の上面24は基面22と略平行な平坦面となっており、さらに平坦面として形成される***部20の側面26は、基面22に対して略垂直となっている。かかる形状とすることで、アジマス面(段差の形成される断面を含む平面)でビーム幅を拡大できる。
【0014】
また、図3に示すように、誘電体レンズ14の放射面18(の法線方向)は斜め上方を指向している。さらに誘電体レンズ14の下側は裏面側にS字状に膨らみ、上方から下方に向けて厚みが漸増する形状となっている。図4は、このレンズアンテナ10によって電波が上下方向にどのように放射されるかを示す模式図である。この図4において、矢印の密度が低いほど放射強度が弱く、逆に密度が高いほど放射強度が強くなることを意味する。すなわち、本実施形態にかかるレンズアンテナ10は、上記姿勢および形状の誘電体レンズ14を備えることで、水平方向から斜め上方にかけて所期のビームを形成し、特に水平方向での放射強度(利得)が大きくなるようにしている。
【0015】
そして、本実施形態にかかるレンズアンテナ10は、水平方向より下側方向への不要放射(サイドローブ)を抑制するために、いくつかの特徴的な構成を備えている。まず、レンズアンテナ10では、図3に示すように、誘電体レンズ14の下側端面をホーン12の底壁12uで被覆し、その被覆部分(すなわち底壁12u)に、放射元側から放射先側に向かうにつれて上方に向かう傾斜面28を形成している。ここで、誘電体レンズ14の下側端面付近を拡大した側面図(図5;一部断面図)を参照して、この傾斜面28によって下向きの不要放射が抑制される原理について説明する。図5に示すように、傾斜面28が形成されていない場合(すなわち導波路16の下端と誘電体レンズ14の下端面との境界が破線30であった場合)には、誘電体レンズ14において生じた多重反射波R1は、破線矢印で示すように、境界30で反射された後、誘電体レンズ14の放射面(露出面)18で屈折されて下方に放射される。かかる放射は下向きの不要なサイドローブとなる。これに対し、傾斜面28を設けた場合には、この傾斜面28に入射する多重反射波R2は、実線矢印で示すように、上方に向けて反射され、放射面18から上方に放射される。すなわち、本実施形態では、誘電体レンズ14の下側側面を被覆するホーン12の下側壁面に傾斜面28を形成することによって、誘電体レンズ14の下側端面に到来する多重反射波R2を上方に反射させ、それが下向きに放出されるのを抑制しているのである。なお、レンズアンテナ10では、傾斜面28に接する誘電体レンズ14の下側端面を、その他端側の上側端面より放射先側(すなわち図3において右側)に配置しているので、傾斜面28で反射された電波が再び上側端面に戻ることはない。
【0016】
また、レンズアンテナ10では、傾斜面28に放射電波が直接到来するのを抑制する遮蔽部32を設けている。ここで、誘電体レンズ14の下側端面付近を拡大した側面図(図6;一部断面図)を参照して、この遮蔽部(図6に網掛けで示す領域)32の効果について説明する。この図6に示すように、遮蔽部32は、ホーン12の底壁12uの一部として構成されている。そして、この遮蔽部32が存在することで、導波路16の下側壁面に沿った放射電波R3は、傾斜面28には入射せず、傾斜面28の上側の誘電体レンズ14の放射面(前方側の露出面)18から水平方向に放射されるように構成されている。換言すれば、この遮蔽部32は、傾斜面28を、放射元側から導波路16を通って直接到来する電波(直接波)から遮蔽している。仮に、遮蔽部32が無く、比較的強度の強い直接波が傾斜面28で反射されると、更なる多重反射が生じたりして、却って所望のビーム特性が得られなくなる。つまり、本実施形態では、かかる構成により、傾斜面28による主たる反射対象を、不要放射の原因となる多重反射波とすることで、より容易に所望のビームを形成することができる。なお、上記構成に関しては、ホーン12の底壁12uに、略V字型の谷状の窪みを形成することで、上記傾斜面28と第二の傾斜面34とを形成したと言うこともできる。
【0017】
ここで上述した傾斜面28および遮蔽部32の効果について図7を参照して説明する。図7の(a)は、傾斜面28および遮蔽部32を設けない場合(1)と、それらを設けた場合(すなわち図1〜3の形状とした場合:2)のエレベーション面における指向特性の一例を示す図である。また図7の(b)は、図3と同じ断面図であり、図7(a)の横軸の角度(すなわちエレベーション面内での角度:仰角)θの定義を示すための説明図である。なお、図7(a)の縦軸に示す利得は、最大値を0デシベル[dB]として表し、また横軸の角度θの単位は度[deg]である。そして、この図7から、傾斜面28および遮蔽部32を設けた場合(2)は、それらを設けない場合(1)に比べて多重反射に基づく下向きの不要放射が抑制され、水平より下側の方向(すなわち0°以下)における利得が小さくなっていることがわかる。
【0018】
さらに、レンズアンテナ10では、図1および図2に示すように、誘電体レンズ14の側方端面14sがホーン12の側壁36によって被覆されており、この側方端面14sから電波が放射されないようになっている。側方端面14sが露出した状態では、この部分から下方に向けて不要放射が生じる。
【0019】
ここで上述した側壁36の効果について図8を参照して説明する。図8は、側方端面14sを側壁36で被覆しない場合(3)と、側方端面14sを側壁36で被覆する場合(すなわち図1〜3の形状とした場合:4)のエレベーション面における指向特性の一例を示す図である。図8の表記様式および角度の定義は図7と同様である。この図8から、側方端面14sを側壁36で被覆した場合(4)は、被覆しない場合(3)に比べて、側方端面14sからの不要放射が無い分、水平より下側の方向(すなわち0°以下)における利得が小さくなっていることがわかる。
【0020】
以上、本発明の好適な実施形態について説明したが、本発明は上記実施形態には限定されない。例えば、上記実施形態では、レンズアンテナの下方側に不要放射が生じないように構成した例について説明したが、本発明は、下方側のみならず、上方や側方など、所望の方向に対する不要放射を抑制したい場合に適用することが可能であるのは容易に理解できよう。その場合において、誘電体レンズの当該不要放射を抑制した側の端面を少なくとも被覆するようにし、その被覆部において、放射元側から放射先側に向かうにつれて所期のビーム中心側(すなわち不要放射を抑制したい方向と反対の方向;導波路の幅方向外側から内側)に向かう傾斜面を形成すればよい。さらに、この場合において、誘電体レンズの側端面のうち、傾斜面に接する部分に対して周方向に隣接する領域も、その被覆部によって被覆するようにすれば、当該不要な方向への放射を抑制することができる。
【0021】
【発明の効果】
以上説明したように、本発明によれば、上記傾斜面や、上記遮蔽部、さらには上記被覆部を設けたことにより、不要な方向への電波の放射を抑制することができる。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】本発明の実施形態にかかるレンズアンテナの一例を示す外観図(斜視図)である。
【図2】図1のレンズアンテナを斜め上方からみた断面図である(図3のB−B断面図)。
【図3】図1のレンズアンテナを側方からみた断面図である(図2のA−A断面図)。
【図4】図1のレンズアンテナによって電波が放射される方向を模式的に示す説明図である。
【図5】図1のレンズアンテナに設けられる傾斜面よって多重反射波に基づく特定方向の不要放射が抑制される様子を模式的に示す説明図である。
【図6】図1のレンズアンテナに設けられる遮蔽部によって傾斜面が直接波から遮蔽される様子を模式的に示す説明図である。
【図7】本発明の実施形態にかかるレンズアンテナによる特定方向への不要放射を抑制した効果の一例を示す図である(主として傾斜面と遮蔽部の効果)。
【図8】本発明の実施形態にかかるレンズアンテナによる特定方向への不要放射を抑制した効果の一例を示す図である(主として被覆部の効果)。
【符号の説明】
10 レンズアンテナ、12 ホーン、12u 底壁、14 誘電体レンズ、14s 側方端面、16 導波路、18 放射面(露出面)、20 ***部、22 基面、24 上面、26 側面、28 傾斜面、32 遮蔽部、34 第二の傾斜面、36 側壁。[0001]
TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a lens antenna using a dielectric lens, and more particularly to a technique capable of attenuating unnecessary radiation in a specific direction.
[0002]
[Prior art]
The dielectric lens is a kind of radio wave lens, and is used for radio communication in a millimeter wave band, radar, and the like. A lens antenna using a dielectric lens may be used in an in-vehicle radar device or the like as disclosed in
[0003]
[Patent Document 1]
JP 2000-228608 A
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
According to the on-vehicle radar device disclosed in
[0005]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The lens antenna according to the present invention includes a dielectric lens, and a covering portion that covers a side end surface of the dielectric lens, and the covering portion has an intended beam center from the radiation source side to the radiation destination side. An inclined surface toward the side is formed.
[0006]
In the lens antenna according to the present invention, it is preferable that the lens antenna further includes a shielding portion that suppresses radiated radio waves from directly reaching the inclined surface.
[0007]
Further, the lens antenna according to the present invention further includes a horn forming an expanded waveguide from the radiation source side to the dielectric lens, and the covering portion and / or the shielding portion is configured as a part of the horn. It is preferred that
[0008]
Further, in the lens antenna according to the present invention, it is preferable that, of the side end surface of the dielectric lens, a region circumferentially adjacent to a portion in contact with the inclined surface is covered with the covering portion. .
[0009]
Further, in the lens antenna according to the present invention, it is preferable that the inclined surface is formed on a lower end surface of the dielectric lens antenna, and is inclined upward from a radiation source side to a radiation destination side.
[0010]
BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
Hereinafter, preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing the appearance of a
[0011]
The
[0012]
The
[0013]
The
[0014]
Further, as shown in FIG. 3, the
[0015]
The
[0016]
Further, the
[0017]
Here, the effects of the above-described
[0018]
Further, in the
[0019]
Here, the effect of the
[0020]
As described above, the preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described, but the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. For example, in the above embodiment, an example was described in which unnecessary radiation was not generated on the lower side of the lens antenna. It can be easily understood that the present invention can be applied to the case where it is desired to suppress. In such a case, at least the end face of the dielectric lens on which the unnecessary radiation is suppressed is covered, and in the covering portion, the desired beam center side (that is, unnecessary radiation is reduced from the radiation source side to the radiation destination side). It is sufficient to form an inclined surface in the direction opposite to the direction to be suppressed (from the outside to the inside in the width direction of the waveguide). Further, in this case, if the side end surface of the dielectric lens is also covered with the covering portion in the circumferential direction with respect to the portion that is in contact with the inclined surface, radiation in the unnecessary direction can be radiated. Can be suppressed.
[0021]
【The invention's effect】
As described above, according to the present invention, the provision of the inclined surface, the shielding portion, and the covering portion makes it possible to suppress the emission of radio waves in unnecessary directions.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is an external view (perspective view) showing an example of a lens antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention.
2 is a cross-sectional view of the lens antenna of FIG. 1 as viewed obliquely from above (a cross-sectional view taken along line BB of FIG. 3).
FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of the lens antenna of FIG. 1 as viewed from a side (A-A cross-sectional view of FIG. 2).
FIG. 4 is an explanatory diagram schematically showing a direction in which radio waves are emitted by the lens antenna of FIG. 1;
FIG. 5 is an explanatory diagram schematically showing a state in which unnecessary radiation in a specific direction based on multiple reflected waves is suppressed by an inclined surface provided in the lens antenna of FIG. 1;
FIG. 6 is an explanatory view schematically showing a state in which an inclined surface is shielded from direct waves by a shield provided in the lens antenna of FIG. 1;
FIG. 7 is a diagram illustrating an example of an effect of suppressing unnecessary radiation in a specific direction by the lens antenna according to the embodiment of the present invention (mainly effects of an inclined surface and a shielding portion).
FIG. 8 is a diagram showing an example of an effect of suppressing unnecessary radiation in a specific direction by the lens antenna according to the embodiment of the present invention (mainly an effect of a covering portion).
[Explanation of symbols]
Claims (5)
前記誘電体レンズの側端面を被覆する被覆部と、
を備え、
前記被覆部には、放射元側から放射先側に向かうにつれて所期のビーム中心側に向かう傾斜面が形成されることを特徴とするレンズアンテナ。A dielectric lens,
A coating portion for coating a side end surface of the dielectric lens,
With
The lens antenna according to claim 1, wherein the covering portion has an inclined surface extending from the radiation source side toward the radiation destination side toward the intended beam center side.
前記被覆部および/または遮蔽部は前記ホーンの一部として構成されることを特徴とする請求項2に記載のレンズアンテナ。Further, a horn constituting an expanded waveguide from the radiation source side to the dielectric lens is provided,
The lens antenna according to claim 2, wherein the covering part and / or the shielding part is configured as a part of the horn.
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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JP2003066137A JP2004274656A (en) | 2003-03-12 | 2003-03-12 | Lens antenna |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP2003066137A JP2004274656A (en) | 2003-03-12 | 2003-03-12 | Lens antenna |
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JP2004274656A true JP2004274656A (en) | 2004-09-30 |
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JP2003066137A Pending JP2004274656A (en) | 2003-03-12 | 2003-03-12 | Lens antenna |
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