JP2004262456A - Operating device for travelling crawler - Google Patents

Operating device for travelling crawler Download PDF

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JP2004262456A
JP2004262456A JP2004186702A JP2004186702A JP2004262456A JP 2004262456 A JP2004262456 A JP 2004262456A JP 2004186702 A JP2004186702 A JP 2004186702A JP 2004186702 A JP2004186702 A JP 2004186702A JP 2004262456 A JP2004262456 A JP 2004262456A
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turning
steering handle
traveling
axis
arm
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JP3868438B2 (en
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Shigemi Hidaka
茂實 日高
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Yanmar Co Ltd
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Yanmar Agricultural Equipment Co Ltd
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Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To miniaturize a mechanism transmitting the operation amount of a steering handle, and to improve assembly accuracy by providing the bearings of such as a switching means and a deceleration interlock mechanism in the same housing. <P>SOLUTION: The operating device for a travelling crawler is designed to transmit power from an engine to a pair of right and left travelling crawlers through a power transmission mechanism capable of switching to a forward/reverse output. It has a switching means for switching the output direction of a hydraulic drive means to the right and the left turn operation of the handle between the drive means and the handle, while having a deceleration interlock mechanism for decelerating the crawlers in proportion to the turning operation amount of the handle. Inside the housing of the handle, an interlock mechanism rotating an arm in proportion to the rotation angle of the handle is provided, and the deceleration interlock mechanism is connected to the interlock mechanism. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2004,JPO&NCIPI

Description

本発明は、刈取脱穀できるコンバインや、農作業用または土木用のトラクタ等、左右一対の無限軌道帯式の走行クローラを備えた走行車両における走行クローラの操作装置に関するものである。   The present invention relates to a traveling crawler operating device for a traveling vehicle including a pair of left and right endless track type traveling crawlers, such as a combine capable of cutting and threshing, and a tractor for agricultural work or civil engineering.

従来、例えば、コンバインやトラクタ等の走行車両における走行部を、左右一対の無限軌道帯式の走行クローラにて構成し、左右走行クローラへの出力軸に動力伝達する差動傘歯車機構として、前記左右各出力軸に太陽傘歯車を固定し、一対の出力軸に対して自由回転するデフギヤケースに駆動源から傘歯車を介して入力し、デフギヤケースには、前記左右両側の太陽傘歯車にそれぞれ噛み合う遊星傘歯車を回転可能に装着するにあたり、その一方の遊星傘歯車の回転方向及び速度をデフギヤケースに装着した旋回操作用の油圧モータにて制御することを提案している (例えば、特許文献1)。
実開平4−1077号公報
Conventionally, for example, a traveling unit in a traveling vehicle such as a combine or a tractor is constituted by a pair of left and right endless track-type traveling crawlers, and as a differential bevel gear mechanism that transmits power to an output shaft to the left and right traveling crawlers, A sun bevel gear is fixed to each of the left and right output shafts, and input from a drive source via a bevel gear to a differential gear case that freely rotates with respect to a pair of output shafts. In order to rotatably mount the meshing planetary bevel gear, it has been proposed to control the rotation direction and speed of one of the planetary bevel gears by a hydraulic motor for turning operation mounted on a differential gear case (for example, Patent Document 1).
Japanese Utility Model Application Laid-Open No. 4-1077

前記従来技術は、例えば操向用ハンドルの右旋回及び左旋回の操作に対する前記油圧式駆動手段の出力方向を切り換えるための切換手段と、前記操向用ハンドルの旋回操作量に比例して、走行クローラの速度を減速させる減速連動機構と、操向用ハンドルのハウジング内には、当該操向用ハンドルの回動角度に比例して前記アームを回動させる連動機構と、該連動機構に前記減速連動機構を接続させる場合、操向用ハンドルの操作量を伝達する機構をコンパクトに構成し得ない。また、操向用ハンドルの右旋回及び左旋回の操作に対して操作部の移動方向が逆転することで、前進時の左右旋回のための操向用ハンドルの操作方向と後退時の前記操作方向とが異なる不具合がある。しかも、操向用ハンドルの旋回のための操作量を大きくするにしたがって、旋回外側の走行クローラの速度と旋回内側の走行クローラの速度の差が大きくなるように設定した場合、旋回半径を小さくして旋回させると遠心力が大きくなりすぎる不具合がある。   The prior art includes, for example, a switching unit for switching an output direction of the hydraulic drive unit with respect to an operation of turning right and left of a steering handle, and in proportion to a turning operation amount of the steering handle, A deceleration interlocking mechanism for reducing the speed of the traveling crawler; an interlocking mechanism for turning the arm in proportion to the turning angle of the steering handle in the housing of the steering handle; When the deceleration interlocking mechanism is connected, the mechanism for transmitting the operation amount of the steering handle cannot be made compact. In addition, since the moving direction of the operation unit is reversed with respect to the right and left turning operations of the steering handle, the operating direction of the steering handle for turning left and right when moving forward and the operation when moving backward. There is a problem that the direction is different. In addition, if the difference between the speed of the traveling crawler on the outside of the turning and the speed of the traveling crawler on the inside of the turning is increased as the operation amount for turning of the steering handle is increased, the turning radius is reduced. When turned, the centrifugal force becomes too large.

然るに、本発明は、請求項1の如く、エンジンからの動力を、前進・後退の出力に切り換え可能な動力伝達機構を介して左右一対の走行クローラへ伝達するように構成する一方、前記油圧式駆動手段と操向用ハンドルとの間には、操向用ハンドルの右旋回及び左旋回の操作に対する前記油圧式駆動手段の出力方向を切り換えるための切換手段を設ける一方、前記操向用ハンドルの旋回操作量に比例して、走行クローラの速度を減速させる減速連動機構を設ける走行クローラの操作装置において、操向用ハンドルのハウジング内には、当該操向用ハンドルの回動角度に比例して前記アームを回動させる連動機構を設け、該連動機構に前記減速連動機構を接続したことを特徴とする。   Therefore, the present invention is configured such that the power from the engine is transmitted to a pair of left and right traveling crawlers via a power transmission mechanism capable of switching between forward and backward outputs, while the hydraulic system is used. Switching means is provided between the drive means and the steering handle for switching the output direction of the hydraulic drive means for right and left turning operations of the steering handle, while the steering handle is provided. In the traveling crawler operating device provided with a deceleration interlocking mechanism that reduces the speed of the traveling crawler in proportion to the turning operation amount of And an interlocking mechanism for rotating the arm is provided, and the deceleration interlocking mechanism is connected to the interlocking mechanism.

また、請求項2の如く、切換手段は、第1軸周りに回動可能に装着されたヨークには、回動ブロックを前記第1軸と直交する軸線周りに回動可能に装着し、操向用ハンドルの中立位置において回動ブロックにおける前記第1軸の延長線上に設けた自在継手部に連結するアームと、前記第1軸と直交する第2軸に沿って移動自在且つ回動自在な前記油圧式駆動手段に対する操作部とを連結し、前記ヨークを、前記前進と後退との切り換えに応じて前記第1軸周りに正逆回動するように構成し、前記操向用ハンドルの左旋回操作及び右旋回操作に応じて前記アームを中立位置を挟んで第2軸周りに回動可能に構成したことを特徴とする。   According to a second aspect of the present invention, the switching means includes a rotating block mounted on the yoke rotatably mounted around the first axis so as to be rotatable around an axis perpendicular to the first axis. An arm connected to a universal joint provided on an extension of the first axis of the rotating block at a neutral position of the steering handle, and movable and rotatable along a second axis orthogonal to the first axis; An operating unit for the hydraulic drive means is connected to the yoke, and the yoke is configured to rotate forward and backward around the first axis in accordance with the switching between the forward and backward movements. The arm is configured to be rotatable around a second axis with a neutral position interposed therebetween in response to a turning operation and a right turning operation.

請求項1に係る発明は、エンジンからの動力を、前進・後退の出力に切り換え可能な動力伝達機構を介して左右一対の走行クローラへ伝達するように構成する一方、油圧式駆動手段と操向用ハンドルとの間には、操向用ハンドルの右旋回及び左旋回の操作に対する前記油圧式駆動手段の出力方向を切り換えるための切換手段を設ける一方、前記操向用ハンドルの旋回操作量に比例して、走行クローラの速度を減速させる減速連動機構を設ける走行クローラの操作装置において、操向用ハンドルのハウジング内には、当該操向用ハンドルの回動角度に比例して前記アームを回動させる連動機構を設け、該連動機構に前記減速連動機構を接続させる。従って、操向用ハンドルの操作量を伝達する機構をコンパクトに構成できる。また、前記の切換手段及び減速連動機構などの軸受け部を同一のハウジング内に設けて組み立て精度を向上させることができる。また、油圧式駆動手段の出力の切換によって発生する反力に対して、操向用ハンドルの操作力を軽減するように、前記の切換手段及び減速連動機構などの軸受け部にベアリング軸受などを容易に設けることができる。   The invention according to claim 1 is configured to transmit the power from the engine to a pair of left and right traveling crawlers via a power transmission mechanism capable of switching between forward and backward outputs, while using hydraulic drive means and steering. Switching means for switching the output direction of the hydraulic drive means for the operation of turning the steering handle to the right and to the left is provided between the steering handle and the turning operation amount of the steering handle. In a traveling crawler operating device provided with a deceleration interlocking mechanism that proportionally reduces the speed of the traveling crawler, the arm is turned in proportion to the rotation angle of the steering handle in a housing of the steering handle. An interlocking mechanism for moving the motor is provided, and the deceleration interlocking mechanism is connected to the interlocking mechanism. Therefore, the mechanism for transmitting the operation amount of the steering handle can be configured compactly. In addition, bearing parts such as the switching means and the deceleration interlocking mechanism can be provided in the same housing to improve assembly accuracy. Also, a bearing bearing or the like is easily provided on a bearing portion of the switching means and the deceleration interlocking mechanism so as to reduce the operating force of the steering handle with respect to the reaction force generated by switching the output of the hydraulic drive means. Can be provided.

また、請求項2に係る発明は、切換手段は、第1軸周りに回動可能に装着されたヨークには、回動ブロックを前記第1軸と直交する軸線周りに回動可能に装着し、操向用ハンドルの中立位置において回動ブロックにおける前記第1軸の延長線上に設けた自在継手部に連結するアームと、前記第1軸と直交する第2軸に沿って移動自在且つ回動自在な前記油圧式駆動手段に対する操作部とを連結し、前記ヨークを、前記前進と後退とを切り換えに応じて前記第1軸周りに正逆回動するように構成し、前記操向用ハンドルの左旋回操作及び右旋回操作に応じて前記アームを中立位置を挟んで第2軸周りに回動可能に構成する。従って、操向用ハンドルの右旋回及び左旋回の操作に対して操作部の移動方向が逆転することで、前進時の左右旋回のための操向用ハンドルの操作方向と後退時の前記操作方向とを一致させることができる。しかも、操向用ハンドルの旋回のための操作量を大きくするにしたがって、旋回外側の走行クローラの速度と旋回内側の走行クローラの速度の差が大きくなるように設定した場合でも、旋回半径を小さくして旋回させたときに遠心力が大きくなりすぎる不具合をなくすことができる。   Further, according to a second aspect of the present invention, in the switching means, a rotation block is mounted on the yoke rotatably mounted around the first axis so as to be rotatable around an axis orthogonal to the first axis. An arm connected to a universal joint provided on an extension of the first axis of the rotating block at a neutral position of the steering handle, and movable and rotated along a second axis orthogonal to the first axis; An operating unit for the hydraulic drive means, which is freely movable, wherein the yoke is configured to rotate forward and backward around the first axis in accordance with switching between the forward and backward movements, and the steering handle is provided. The arm is configured to be rotatable around the second axis with the neutral position interposed therebetween in response to the left turning operation and the right turning operation of. Therefore, since the moving direction of the operation unit is reversed with respect to the right and left turning operations of the steering handle, the operating direction of the steering handle for turning left and right when moving forward and the operation when moving backward are described. The direction can be matched. In addition, even when the difference between the speed of the traveling crawler on the outside of the turning and the speed of the traveling crawler on the inside of the turning is increased as the operation amount for turning of the steering handle is increased, the turning radius is reduced. The problem that the centrifugal force becomes excessively large when the vehicle is turned in a turn can be eliminated.

次に、本発明をコンバインに適用した実施例について説明すると、図1は左右一対の走行クローラ2a,2bを有する走行車両である汎用コンバインの走行機体1の側面図であり、該走行機体1上には脱穀装置3を搭載し、該脱穀装置3における扱室内の扱胴4をその軸線が走行機体1の進行方向に沿うように配設し、その下方には受け網とシーブ等による揺動選別装置5と唐箕フアン6の風による風選別装置とを備え、脱穀装置3の側方に脱穀済みの穀粒を貯留する籾タンクを搭載してある。   Next, a description will be given of an embodiment in which the present invention is applied to a combine. FIG. 1 is a side view of a traveling machine 1 of a general-purpose combine which is a traveling vehicle having a pair of left and right traveling crawlers 2a and 2b. Is mounted with a threshing device 3, and a handling drum 4 in a handling room of the threshing device 3 is disposed so that an axis thereof is along a traveling direction of the traveling machine body 1, and a swinging movement of a receiving net and a sheave is provided below the handling cylinder 4. It has a sorting device 5 and a wind sorting device based on the wind of the Karamino Juan 6, and a paddy tank for storing threshed grains is mounted on the side of the threshing device 3.

刈取前処理装置7は、前記脱穀装置3の前部に開口し、昇降用油圧シリンダ8にて昇降自在な角筒状のフイーダハウス9(内部にチエンスコンベヤ9aを備える)と、該フイーダハウス9の前端に連設した横長のバケット状のプラットホーム10と、該プラットホーム10内に横設した横長の掻き込みオーガ11と、その前方上部位置のタインバー付きリール12と、プラットホーム10下面側に左右長手に配設したバリカン状の刈刃14とから成る。また、刈取前処理装置7の前部左右両端には、前向きに突出する左右一対の分草体15を備えている。   The cutting pretreatment device 7 is opened at the front of the threshing device 3, and has a rectangular tubular feeder house 9 (including a chain conveyor 9 a therein) which can be raised and lowered by a hydraulic cylinder 8 for lifting and lowering. A horizontally long bucket-shaped platform 10 connected to the front end, a horizontally long scraping auger 11 horizontally provided in the platform 10, a tine bar-equipped reel 12 at an upper front position thereof, and a left and right longitudinally arranged on the lower surface of the platform 10. And a clipper-like cutting blade 14 provided. In addition, a pair of left and right weeding bodies 15 protruding forward are provided at the front left and right ends of the pre-cutting device 7.

左右の走行クローラ2a,2bは、それぞれ、後述する操向装置20の左右の出力軸21a,21bから出力される動力にて回転駆動する起動輪22,22と、走行機体1の後端側に後向き付勢された誘導輪23,23とに巻掛けられた履帯24,24と、各履帯24の下側内周面を支持する懸下輪(下部転輪)25等からなる。   The left and right traveling crawlers 2a, 2b are respectively provided with starting wheels 22, 22, which are rotationally driven by power output from left and right output shafts 21a, 21b of a steering device 20, which will be described later, and a rear end side of the traveling machine body 1, respectively. The crawler belts 24 are wound around the guide wheels 23, which are urged backward, and suspension wheels (lower rolling wheels) 25 for supporting the lower inner peripheral surface of each crawler belt 24.

次に、動力伝達機構を備えた操向装置20の構成について説明する。図2〜図4に示す実施例は、ミッションケース30内に、後述する左右一対の遊星歯車機構31,31等からなる差動機構と、第1油圧ポンプ33及び第1油圧モータ34からなる走行用の油圧式駆動手段32と、第2油圧ポンプ36及び第2油圧モータ37からなる旋回用の油圧式駆動手段35等を内装する。   Next, the configuration of the steering device 20 including the power transmission mechanism will be described. In the embodiment shown in FIGS. 2 to 4, a traveling mechanism including a differential mechanism including a pair of left and right planetary gear mechanisms 31 and 31 and a first hydraulic pump 33 and a first hydraulic motor 34 in a transmission case 30 is described. And a hydraulic drive means 35 for turning composed of a second hydraulic pump 36 and a second hydraulic motor 37.

なお、走行機体1に搭載したエンジン17からの回転力は、チェンスプロケットと無端チェン60とを介して、ミッションケース30の外側にて一方の油圧ポンプの入力軸(例えば走行用の油圧式駆動手段の第1油圧ポンプ33の入力軸33a)に伝達し、次いで、第1油圧ポンプ33の入力軸33aと第2油圧ポンプ36の入力軸36aとをミッションケース30外のチェンスプロケットにチェン61巻掛けにて動力伝達するように構成する(図2及び図3参照)。   The rotational force from the engine 17 mounted on the traveling body 1 is transmitted via the chain sprocket and the endless chain 60 to the input shaft of one hydraulic pump outside the transmission case 30 (for example, hydraulic drive means for traveling). To the input shaft 33a) of the first hydraulic pump 33, and then the input shaft 33a of the first hydraulic pump 33 and the input shaft 36a of the second hydraulic pump 36 are wound around a chain sprocket outside the transmission case 30 by a chain 61. (See FIGS. 2 and 3).

左右一対の遊星歯車機構31,31は左右対称状であって、同一半径上に複数(実施例では3つ)の遊星歯車39,39,39がそれぞれ回転自在に軸支された左右一対の腕輪38,38をミッションケース30内にて同軸線上にて適宜隔てて相対向させて配置する。前記各遊星歯車39にそれぞれ噛み合う太陽歯車40,40を固着した太陽軸41の左右両端は、両腕輪38,38の内側にてその回転中心部に位置する軸受に回転自在に軸支されている。   The pair of left and right planetary gear mechanisms 31, 31 is symmetrical in the left and right directions, and a pair of left and right bracelets in which a plurality of (three in this embodiment) planetary gears 39 are rotatably supported on the same radius. 38, 38 are arranged opposite to each other on the coaxial line within the transmission case 30 as appropriate. The left and right ends of the sun shaft 41, to which the sun gears 40, 40 meshing with the respective planetary gears 39 are fixed, are rotatably supported by bearings located at the center of rotation inside the two arm rings 38, 38. .

内周面の内歯と外周面の外歯とを備えたリングギヤ42は、その内歯が前記3つの遊星歯車39,39,39にそれぞれ噛み合うように、太陽軸41と同心状に配置されており、このリングギヤ42は、前記太陽軸41上または、前記腕輪38の外側面から外向きに突出する中心軸43上に軸受を介して回転自在に軸支される。前記走行用の油圧式駆動手段32における容量可変式の第1油圧ポンプ33の回転斜板の角度を変更調節することにより、第1油圧モータ34への圧油の吐出方向と吐出量を変更して、当該第1油圧モータ34の出力軸の回転方向及び回転数が調節可能に構成されている。第1油圧モータ34からの回転動力は、入力軸44の入力歯車45から副変速機構の歯車46,47,48を介して、太陽軸41に固定したセンター歯車49に伝達される。なお、歯車48が取付くブレーキ軸50には図示しないブレーキ機構が設けられている。また、歯車46に噛み合う歯車51を介して作業機等への回転力を伝達するPTO軸52に出力する。   The ring gear 42 having the inner teeth on the inner peripheral surface and the outer teeth on the outer peripheral surface is arranged concentrically with the sun shaft 41 so that the inner teeth mesh with the three planetary gears 39, 39, 39, respectively. The ring gear 42 is rotatably supported via a bearing on the sun shaft 41 or on a central shaft 43 projecting outward from the outer surface of the wristband 38. By changing and adjusting the angle of the rotating swash plate of the variable displacement first hydraulic pump 33 in the traveling hydraulic drive means 32, the discharge direction and discharge amount of the pressure oil to the first hydraulic motor 34 are changed. Thus, the rotation direction and the number of rotations of the output shaft of the first hydraulic motor 34 can be adjusted. The rotational power from the first hydraulic motor 34 is transmitted from the input gear 45 of the input shaft 44 to the center gear 49 fixed to the sun shaft 41 via the gears 46, 47, 48 of the auxiliary transmission mechanism. A brake mechanism (not shown) is provided on the brake shaft 50 to which the gear 48 is attached. Further, the rotational force is output to a PTO shaft 52 that transmits a rotational force to a working machine or the like via a gear 51 that meshes with the gear 46.

そして、前記走行用の油圧式駆動手段32からの回転動力は、前記太陽軸41上に固定した前記センター歯車49を介して、前記左右一対の遊星歯車機構31,31に伝達され、前記左側の腕輪38の中心軸43に固着した伝動歯車53を、左側の出力軸21aに固着した伝動歯車54に噛み合わせて出力する。同様に、右側の腕輪38の中心軸43に固着した伝動歯車53を、右側の出力軸21bに固着した伝動歯車54に噛み合わせて出力する(図2及び図4参照)。   The rotational power from the traveling hydraulic drive means 32 is transmitted to the pair of left and right planetary gear mechanisms 31 and 31 via the center gear 49 fixed on the sun shaft 41, and The transmission gear 53 fixed to the central shaft 43 of the bracelet 38 meshes with the transmission gear 54 fixed to the left output shaft 21a to output. Similarly, the transmission gear 53 fixed to the center shaft 43 of the right wrist ring 38 meshes with the transmission gear 54 fixed to the right output shaft 21b and outputs (see FIGS. 2 and 4).

旋回用の油圧式駆動手段35における容量可変式の第2油圧ポンプ36の回転斜板の角度を変更調節することにより、第2油圧モータ37への圧油の吐出方向及び吐出量を変更して、当該第2油圧モータ37の出力軸の回転方向及び回転数を調節可能に構成されている。第2油圧モータ37からの回転動力は、入力軸55に取付く一対の伝動歯車56,57に伝達される。そして、図2に示すように左側のリングギヤ42の外歯に対しては伝動歯車56と直接噛み合い、右側の伝動歯車57が逆転軸58に取付く逆転歯車59に噛み合い、この逆転歯車59と右側のリングギヤ42の外歯とが噛み合う。   By changing and adjusting the angle of the rotary swash plate of the variable displacement type second hydraulic pump 36 in the turning hydraulic drive means 35, the discharge direction and discharge amount of the pressure oil to the second hydraulic motor 37 are changed. The rotation direction and the number of rotations of the output shaft of the second hydraulic motor 37 are adjustable. The rotational power from the second hydraulic motor 37 is transmitted to a pair of transmission gears 56 and 57 attached to the input shaft 55. As shown in FIG. 2, the external gear of the left ring gear 42 meshes directly with the transmission gear 56, and the right transmission gear 57 meshes with the reverse gear 59 mounted on the reverse rotation shaft 58, and this reverse gear 59 and the right side. And the external teeth of the ring gear 42 mesh with each other.

従って、第2油圧モータ37の正回転にて、左側のリングギヤ42が所定回転数にて逆回転すると、右側のリングギヤ42が前記と同一回転数にて正回転することになる。   Therefore, when the left ring gear 42 rotates reversely at a predetermined rotation speed by the forward rotation of the second hydraulic motor 37, the right ring gear 42 rotates forward at the same rotation speed as described above.

この構成により、例えば、旋回用の油圧式駆動手段35を停止させておけば、左右両側のリングギヤ42,42の回転は停止した固定状態である。この状態で走行用の油圧式駆動手段32を駆動すると、第1油圧モータ34からの回転力は、太陽軸41のセンター歯車49に入力され、その回転力は、左右両側の太陽歯車40,40に同一回転数にて伝達され、左右両側の遊星歯車機構の遊星歯車39、腕歯車38を介して左右両側の出力軸21a,21bに平等に同方向の同一回転数にて出力されるので、直進走行ができる。従って、走行用の油圧式駆動手段32のみを正回転駆動すると、走行機体1は直進前進し、逆回転駆動したときには直進後退する。   With this configuration, for example, if the hydraulic drive means 35 for turning is stopped, the rotation of the left and right ring gears 42, 42 is stopped and fixed. When the driving hydraulic drive means 32 is driven in this state, the rotational force from the first hydraulic motor 34 is input to the center gear 49 of the sun shaft 41, and the rotational force is transmitted to the left and right sun gears 40, 40. At the same rotational speed, and are equally output to the left and right output shafts 21a and 21b via the planetary gear 39 and the arm gear 38 of the left and right planetary gear mechanisms at the same rotational speed in the same direction. You can go straight. Therefore, when only the traveling hydraulic drive means 32 is driven in the forward direction, the traveling body 1 moves straight forward, and when driven in the reverse direction, moves forward and backward.

反対に、走行用の油圧式駆動手段32を停止した状態では、前記太陽軸41及び左右両側の太陽歯車40,40は固定される。この場合、ブレーキ軸50を固定すべくブレーキ手段を作動させるのが好ましい。この状態にて、旋回用の油圧式駆動手段35(第2油圧ポンプ36)を例えば正回転駆動させると、左の遊星歯車39、腕歯車38からなる遊星歯車機構は逆回転する一方、右の遊星歯車39、腕歯車38からなる遊星歯車機構は正回転することになる。従って、左走行クローラ2aは後進する一方、右走行クローラ2bは前進するので、走行機体1はその場で、左にスピンターンすることになる。   Conversely, when the traveling hydraulic drive means 32 is stopped, the sun shaft 41 and the left and right sun gears 40, 40 are fixed. In this case, it is preferable to operate the brake means to fix the brake shaft 50. In this state, when the turning hydraulic drive means 35 (second hydraulic pump 36) is driven, for example, in the forward direction, the planetary gear mechanism including the left planetary gear 39 and the arm gear 38 rotates in the reverse direction, while the right side rotates in the right direction. The planetary gear mechanism including the planetary gear 39 and the arm gear 38 rotates forward. Accordingly, the left traveling crawler 2a moves backward while the right traveling crawler 2b moves forward, so that the traveling body 1 spins to the left at that location.

同様にして、旋回用の油圧式駆動手段35(第2油圧ポンプ36)を逆回転駆動させると、左の遊星歯車機構31は正回転し、右の遊星歯車機構31は逆回転して、左走行クローラ2aは前進する一方、右走行クローラ2bは後退するので、走行機体1はその場で、右にスピンターンすることになる。   Similarly, when the turning hydraulic drive means 35 (second hydraulic pump 36) is driven in reverse rotation, the left planetary gear mechanism 31 rotates forward, the right planetary gear mechanism 31 rotates in reverse, and the left planetary gear mechanism 31 rotates in reverse. The traveling crawler 2a moves forward, while the right traveling crawler 2b moves backward, so that the traveling body 1 spins right at that location.

走行用の油圧式駆動手段32を駆動しつつ旋回用の油圧式駆動手段35を駆動した場合には、前進時及び後退時において、前記スピンターン旋回半径の大きい旋回半径で右また左に旋回できることになり、その旋回半径は左右走行クローラ2a,2bの速度に応じて決定されることになる。   When the hydraulic drive means 35 for turning is driven while driving the hydraulic drive means 32 for traveling, it is possible to turn right or left at the turning radius having the large spin turn turning radius at the time of forward and backward movement. The turning radius is determined according to the speed of the left and right traveling crawlers 2a and 2b.

次に、図5〜図12を参照しながら、走行クローラ2a,2bの駆動方向を前進時と後退とで、切り換える走行切換操作装置70と、走行機体1を旋回させる旋回操作装置71とについて説明する。   Next, with reference to FIGS. 5 to 12, a description will be given of a traveling switching operation device 70 for switching the driving direction of the traveling crawlers 2 a and 2 b between forward and backward movements, and a turning operation device 71 for rotating the traveling body 1. I do.

図5、図6及び図7に示すように、走行切換操作装置70における主変速操作レバーとしての操作レバー72は、操縦部における操作板73に穿設した平面視略Z字状の案内溝74に沿って移動可能に突出しており、操作レバー72は、第1横軸75にて操作板73の前後方向に回動可能な第1ブラケット76上の第2横軸77を介して左右方向に回動可能に枢支されている。そして、第1ブラケット76の下端に連結して前後方向に延びる一対の操作ワイヤ78a,78bを前記走行用の第1油圧ポンプ33の操作部(図示せず)に接続して、操作レバー72を中立位置から遠ざかる前後方向に傾ける角度が大きくなるのに比例して、圧油吐出量を増大させ、走行速度を高速となるように調節する。   As shown in FIGS. 5, 6, and 7, an operation lever 72 as a main speed change operation lever in the travel switching operation device 70 is provided with a substantially Z-shaped guide groove 74 which is formed in an operation plate 73 in the operation section. The operation lever 72 is movable left and right through a second horizontal axis 77 on a first bracket 76 that is rotatable in the front-rear direction of an operation plate 73 on a first horizontal axis 75. It is pivotably supported. Then, a pair of operation wires 78a and 78b connected to the lower end of the first bracket 76 and extending in the front-rear direction are connected to an operation section (not shown) of the first hydraulic pump 33 for traveling, and the operation lever 72 is connected. The pressure oil discharge amount is increased and the traveling speed is adjusted so as to increase in proportion to the increase in the angle of inclination in the front-rear direction away from the neutral position.

また、操作レバー72の左右に連結した操作ワイヤ79a,79bの案内管を第1ブラケット76上に設けた第2ブラケット80に固定し、操作レバー72を左右方向に回動する(傾ける)とき、前記第1油圧ポンプ33を操作して、第1油圧モータ34の出力軸の回転方向を前進用と後退用とに切り換える。   Further, when the guide tubes of the operation wires 79a and 79b connected to the left and right of the operation lever 72 are fixed to the second bracket 80 provided on the first bracket 76, and the operation lever 72 is rotated (tilted) in the left and right direction, By operating the first hydraulic pump 33, the rotation direction of the output shaft of the first hydraulic motor 34 is switched between forward and backward.

従って、図6に示すように、案内溝74における横溝部74aの左右中央箇所に操作レバー72を位置させるときには完全中立位置No(停止位置)となり、操作レバー72を右に倒して前進に切り換え、前方に傾けるにつれて前進高速となる。反対に操作レバー72を左に倒して後退に切り換え、後方に傾けるにつれて後退高速となる。なお、後述するように、この操作レバー72を前進・後退・中立の各位置に操作することに連動させて旋回操作装置71におけるヨーク94の傾きを変更させるべく、操作ワイヤ79a,79bと一体的に移動する操作ワイヤ89a,89bを設けている。   Therefore, as shown in FIG. 6, when the operation lever 72 is positioned at the center of the lateral groove 74a in the left and right of the guide groove 74, the operation lever 72 is in the completely neutral position No (stop position). As you lean forward, the forward speed increases. Conversely, the operation lever 72 is tilted to the left to switch to the backward movement, and the backward movement becomes faster as the operation lever 72 is inclined backward. As will be described later, the operation wires 79a and 79b are integrated with the operation wires 79a and 79b in order to change the inclination of the yoke 94 in the turning operation device 71 in conjunction with operating the operation lever 72 to the forward, backward, and neutral positions. Are provided.

次に、図8〜図12を参照して、操向用(旋回用)ハンドル81の旋回操作方向と、走行機体1の前進時と後退時とにおける旋回方向とを一定にするための、換言すると、走行機体1を前進と後退とに走行方向を切り換えても、ハンドル81を右に傾動(回動)すれば右方向に旋回し、左方向に傾動(回動)させると左方向に旋回するための機械的な切換手段82について説明する。   Next, with reference to FIG. 8 to FIG. 12, a paraphrase for making the turning operation direction of the steering (turning) handle 81 and the turning direction when the traveling body 1 moves forward and backwards constant. Then, even if the traveling direction of the traveling body 1 is switched between forward and backward, the steering wheel 81 is turned rightward when the handle 81 is tilted (rotated) to the right, and turned leftward when the handle 81 is tilted (rotated) to the left. The mechanical switching means 82 for performing the switching will be described.

まず、前提として、前述したように、操向装置20における走行用の第1油圧ポンプ33及び旋回用(操向用)第2油圧ポンプ36の入力軸の回転方向は前進時と後退時とで一定であり、走行用の第1油圧ポンプ33及び旋回用(操向用)の第2油圧ポンプ36は、その斜板の向き及び傾斜角度を切り換えることにより、各ポンプからそれぞれに対応する第1油圧モータ34及び第2油圧モータ37への圧油の吐出方向が逆転可能であり、また、斜板の傾斜角度を切り換えることにより、圧油量、ひいては各油圧モータの回転数も無段階変更調節可能である。ところで、前進時に正回転していた第1油圧モータ34のみの回転方向を逆転させると、第2油圧モータ37による前記左右一対の遊星歯車機構31,31の作用(動き)は前進時と後退時とで逆になる。然るに、第2油圧ポンプ36の圧油の吐出方向及び吐出量を制御操作するための操作部(ひいては旋回操作用のハンドル81)の動きを前進時の状態で機械的に規定していると、つまり、この操向用ハンドル81を一方に回動するとき前進時右旋回し、他方に回動させると前進時左旋回するというように機械的に連結していると、後退時には前記第2油圧ポンプ36の入力軸(出力軸)の回転方向を逆転させなければ、ハンドル81を一方に回動したとき、左旋回方向に作用し、他方に回動すれば右旋回方向に作用することになる。   First, as described above, as described above, the rotation directions of the input shafts of the first hydraulic pump 33 for traveling and the second hydraulic pump 36 for turning (steering) in the steering device 20 are different between forward and backward. The first hydraulic pump 33 for traveling and the second hydraulic pump 36 for turning (steering) are controlled by switching the direction and the inclination angle of the swash plate, so that the first hydraulic pump 33 corresponding to each of the pumps respectively corresponds to the first hydraulic pump 33. The discharge direction of the pressure oil to the hydraulic motor 34 and the second hydraulic motor 37 is reversible, and by changing the inclination angle of the swash plate, the pressure oil amount and, consequently, the rotation speed of each hydraulic motor are continuously changed. It is possible. By the way, when the rotation direction of only the first hydraulic motor 34, which is normally rotating at the time of forward movement, is reversed, the action (movement) of the pair of left and right planetary gear mechanisms 31, 31 by the second hydraulic motor 37 is at the time of forward movement and at the time of retreat. And the reverse. However, if the movement of the operation unit (and the handle 81 for turning operation) for controlling the discharge direction and discharge amount of the pressure oil of the second hydraulic pump 36 is mechanically defined in the forward state, That is, when the steering handle 81 is mechanically connected such that the steering handle 81 is turned to one side to turn right at the time of forward movement and turned to the other side to turn left at the time of forward movement, the second hydraulic If the rotation direction of the input shaft (output shaft) of the pump 36 is not reversed, when the handle 81 is turned to one side, it acts in the left turning direction, and when turned to the other side, it acts in the right turning direction. Become.

そこで、前記旋回操作用(操向用)のハンドル81と前記操作部との間に機械的な切換手段82を設けて、走行機体1を前進と後退とに走行方向を切り換えて、行機体1が前進時と後退時とに拘らず、ハンドル81を右に傾動(回動)すれば右方向に旋回し、左方向に傾動(回動)させると左方向に旋回するように構成するものである。   Therefore, a mechanical switching means 82 is provided between the turning operation (steering) handle 81 and the operation unit, and the traveling direction of the traveling body 1 is switched between forward and backward, and the traveling body 1 is switched. Regardless of whether the vehicle is moving forward or backward, the steering wheel 81 is turned rightward when the handle 81 is tilted (rotated) to the right, and turned leftward when the handle 81 is tilted (rotated) to the left. is there.

操縦部に立設したステム83の上端に固定したハウジング84には、筒状のステアリングコラム85を立設し、先端に操向用ハンドル81を固着したハンドル軸86を前記ステアリングコラム85内で回動可能に支持させるハンドル軸86の下端に取付けられた小ベベルギヤ87と、これに噛み合う大ベベルギヤ88とは、ハウジング84内に収納されており、大ベベルギヤ88と一体的に回転する、伝動軸90にはウオームギヤ91が取付けられ、これらは切換手段82を作動させるための連動機構の一部を構成する。   A tubular steering column 85 is erected on a housing 84 fixed to the upper end of a stem 83 erected on the steering section, and a handle shaft 86 having a steering handle 81 fixed to the tip is turned inside the steering column 85. A small bevel gear 87 attached to the lower end of a handle shaft 86 that is movably supported, and a large bevel gear 88 that meshes with the small bevel gear 87 are housed in a housing 84, and are transmitted integrally with the large bevel gear 88. The worm gear 91 is attached to the, and these constitute a part of an interlocking mechanism for operating the switching means 82.

前記ハウジング84の一側には、水平方向(X軸)の第1軸92と、この軸線の延長線上で直交する鉛直方向(Z軸)の第2軸93とを設け、第1軸92には左右両側にアーム片95,95がY軸方向に延びるヨーク94を回動自在に軸支し、前記アーム片95,95には前記前進・後退切り換え用の操作レバー72に連結した一対の操作ワイヤ79a,79bから枝別れした、もしくは並列状に設けた一対の操作ワイヤ89a,89bの端部を接続する。なお、前記第2軸93には、前記前進・後退切り換え用の操作レバー72に連結した一対の操作ワイヤ89a,89bにおけるアウタ管89a′,89b′を取付けるためのブラケット110が固定されている。   On one side of the housing 84, a first axis 92 in a horizontal direction (X axis) and a second axis 93 in a vertical direction (Z axis) orthogonal to an extension of this axis are provided. Are rotatably supported on both left and right sides of a yoke 94 in which arm pieces 95 and 95 extend in the Y-axis direction, and the arm pieces 95 and 95 are provided with a pair of operation levers connected to the operation lever 72 for switching between forward and backward movement. The ends of a pair of operation wires 89a, 89b branched from the wires 79a, 79b or provided in parallel are connected. A bracket 110 for fixing outer tubes 89a 'and 89b' of a pair of operation wires 89a and 89b connected to the operation lever 72 for switching between forward and backward movements is fixed to the second shaft 93.

従って、操作ワイヤ89a,89bのいずれか一方の操作ワイヤを引張れば、その引張り側が下向きになるようにヨーク94は第1軸92の周りに傾き回動することになる。   Therefore, when one of the operation wires 89a and 89b is pulled, the yoke 94 is tilted and rotated around the first shaft 92 so that the pulling side faces downward.

このヨーク94の上端には、第1軸92と直交する支軸96を突設し、該支軸96に軸受97を介して回動ブロック98を左右両側回動可能に装着する。この支軸96は、操作レバー72を前述の完全中立位置Noにセットしたときには、第2軸93(Z軸)の延長線上に位置する(軸線が一致する)ことになる。   A support shaft 96 orthogonal to the first shaft 92 is protruded from the upper end of the yoke 94, and a rotation block 98 is mounted on the support shaft 96 via a bearing 97 so as to be able to rotate on both the left and right sides. When the operation lever 72 is set to the above-mentioned completely neutral position No, the support shaft 96 is located on an extension of the second shaft 93 (Z axis) (the axes coincide with each other).

回動ブロック98の外面には、操作レバー72を前述の完全中立位置Noにセットしたときに前記第1軸92の延長線上にとなる自在継手部99を設け、この自在継手部99に連結する側面視L字状のアーム100の下端を、前記第2軸93に沿って上下移動自在且つ回動自在に被嵌する操作部101に連結する。この操作部101に連結された操作ワイヤ102の他端は、旋回用の第2油圧ポンプ36の圧油の吐出方向及び吐出量を調節する斜板の制御レバー(図示せず)に連結されている。   A universal joint 99 extending from the first shaft 92 when the operating lever 72 is set to the above-described complete neutral position No is provided on the outer surface of the rotating block 98, and is connected to the universal joint 99. The lower end of the arm 100 having an L-shape in side view is connected to the operation unit 101 which is vertically and movably fitted along the second shaft 93. The other end of the operation wire 102 connected to the operation unit 101 is connected to a control lever (not shown) of a swash plate for adjusting a discharge direction and a discharge amount of the pressure oil of the second hydraulic pump 36 for turning. I have.

また、前記アーム100に対して先端二股部103aにて挟み、中途部を第2軸93と一体的に回動するようピン104連結した連動アーム103の基端の扇状歯車部103bを前記ハジング84内でウオームギヤ91に噛み合わせることにより、操向用ハンドル81の左旋回操作及び右旋回操作に応じて前記アームを中立位置を挟んで第2軸93周りに回動可能に構成する。なお、ここで、中立位置とは、図8において、アーム100がX−Z平面にあるときをいい、操向用ハンドル81を直進状態にセットしたときに対応させるものとする。   Also, the fan-shaped gear 103b at the base end of the interlocking arm 103, which is sandwiched between the arm 100 and the fork part 103a at the distal end thereof and connected to the pin 104 so that the middle part rotates integrally with the second shaft 93, is formed by the housing 84. By meshing with the worm gear 91 inside the arm, the arm is configured to be rotatable around the second shaft 93 with the neutral position interposed therebetween in accordance with the left turning operation and the right turning operation of the steering handle 81. Note that, here, the neutral position refers to the time when the arm 100 is in the XZ plane in FIG. 8 and corresponds to the time when the steering handle 81 is set to the straight traveling state.

回動ブロック98には、ねじ109及びばね105にて押圧するボール106を前記支軸96と一体的に回動するデテント円板107の係止溝108に押圧付勢するように設け、オペレータが操向用ハンドル81を直進状態にした状態を感覚として容易に判断できるようにするものである。   The rotation block 98 is provided so as to urge the ball 106 pressed by the screw 109 and the spring 105 against the locking groove 108 of the detent disk 107 which rotates integrally with the support shaft 96. The state in which the steering handle 81 is in the straight traveling state can be easily determined as a feeling.

従って、ハウジング84内のベベルギヤ87,88、ウオームギヤ91及び扇状歯車部103bを備えた連動アーム103とからなる連動機構により、操向用ハンドル81の回動角度に比例して前記アーム100を第2軸93周りに回動させるので、当該回動ブロック98の向き、ひいては操作部101の向きを左右に首振りさせることができる。   Therefore, the interlocking mechanism including the bevel gears 87 and 88 in the housing 84, the worm gear 91, and the interlocking arm 103 having the fan-shaped gear portion 103b causes the arm 100 to move in the second direction in proportion to the rotation angle of the steering handle 81. Since the rotation is made around the axis 93, the direction of the rotation block 98 and, consequently, the direction of the operation unit 101 can be swung right and left.

次に、図13〜図15を参照して、前記前進・後退切換用操作レバー72及び操向用ハンドル81の回動方向と回動ブロック98の姿勢並びにその姿勢における、旋回の態様とについて説明する。   Next, with reference to FIGS. 13 to 15, a description will be given of the turning direction of the forward / backward switching operation lever 72 and the steering handle 81, the posture of the rotating block 98, and the manner of turning in that posture. I do.

まず、操作レバー72を完全中立位置Noで、左右両操作ワイヤ89a,89bの両方を引張らない状態では(図6及び図7参照)、ヨーク94における両アーム片95,95は、第1軸92及び第2軸9と直交するY軸にそって延びるように位置される。そして、ヨーク94における支軸96は第2軸93の軸線と一致し、回動ブロック98は第2軸93の延長線上の支軸96周りに回動可能である。しかも、自在継手部99は第1軸92の軸線上にあるから、操向用ハンドル81の左右回動操作にかかわらず、第2軸93(Z軸)と直交するX−Y平面上で自在継手部99が回動することになり(図13参照)、これとアーム100を介して連結された操作部101は第2軸93上で上下移動しないのである。つまり、走行機体を停止させた状態で、操向用ハンドル81を左右に回動しても、旋回用の第2油圧ポンプ36は中立位置となり、旋回作用が起こらない。   First, when the operation lever 72 is in the completely neutral position No and both the left and right operation wires 89a and 89b are not pulled (see FIGS. 6 and 7), the two arm pieces 95 and 95 of the yoke 94 are connected to the first shaft. It is positioned so as to extend along a Y axis orthogonal to the second axis 92 and the second axis 9. The support shaft 96 of the yoke 94 coincides with the axis of the second shaft 93, and the rotation block 98 can rotate around the support shaft 96 on an extension of the second shaft 93. Moreover, since the universal joint portion 99 is on the axis of the first shaft 92, it can be freely moved on an XY plane orthogonal to the second shaft 93 (Z axis) regardless of the left-right rotation operation of the steering handle 81. The joint portion 99 rotates (see FIG. 13), and the operating portion 101 connected to the joint portion 99 via the arm 100 does not move up and down on the second shaft 93. That is, even if the steering handle 81 is rotated left and right while the traveling body is stopped, the second hydraulic pump 36 for turning is in the neutral position, and no turning action occurs.

他方、図7に示すように、操作レバー72を前進側に回動すると、操作ワイヤ89aが引張られ、図10及び図14に示すように、一方のアーム片95が下向きとなるようにヨーク94が第1軸92(X軸)を中心に角度θだけ右下向きに傾き、該ヨーク94に支持軸96を介して取付けられた回動ブロック98もX−Y平面に対して所定角度θだけ右下向きに傾く。反対に、図7に示すように、操作レバー72を後退方向に回動させると、操作ワイヤ89bを下向きに引き、前記と同様にして回動ブロック98は第1軸92(X軸)回りに回動して図15のように左に所定角度θだけ傾く。   On the other hand, when the operation lever 72 is turned forward as shown in FIG. 7, the operation wire 89a is pulled, and the yoke 94 is turned so that one arm piece 95 is directed downward as shown in FIGS. Is tilted downward and to the right by an angle θ about the first axis 92 (X axis), and the rotating block 98 attached to the yoke 94 via the support shaft 96 is also turned right by a predetermined angle θ with respect to the XY plane. Tilt down. Conversely, as shown in FIG. 7, when the operation lever 72 is rotated in the backward direction, the operation wire 89b is pulled downward, and the rotation block 98 is rotated about the first shaft 92 (X-axis) in the same manner as described above. It turns to tilt to the left by a predetermined angle θ as shown in FIG.

ところで、直進時においては、ハンドル81を中立状態(前記デテント板107における係止溝108にボール106が係止した状態)に保持する。この状態では、前記回動ブロック98における自在継手90の位置は、第1軸92の延長上にあるから、自在継手90とアーム100を介して連結された操作部101は第2軸93上で位置保持され、旋回用の第2油圧ポンプ36は中立位置となり、旋回作用が起こらない。   By the way, when traveling straight, the handle 81 is held in a neutral state (a state in which the ball 106 is locked in the locking groove 108 in the detent plate 107). In this state, since the position of the universal joint 90 in the rotation block 98 is on the extension of the first shaft 92, the operation unit 101 connected to the universal joint 90 via the arm 100 moves on the second shaft 93. The position is maintained, and the second hydraulic pump 36 for turning is in the neutral position, and no turning action occurs.

直進時においては、操作レバー72のみを図5及び図6の前後方向に回動させても、前記操作ワイヤ89a,89bのいずれかの引張り関係は同じであり、且つ自在継手90の位置は不動点となり、操作部101は操作レバー72の回動に拘らず上下移動せず、旋回用の第2油圧ポンプ36は中立位置となり、旋回作用が起こらないで、前進・後退時の両方において走行速度を低速から高速に無段階に変速できる。   At the time of straight traveling, even if only the operation lever 72 is rotated in the front-rear direction in FIGS. 5 and 6, the pulling relation of either of the operation wires 89a and 89b is the same, and the position of the universal joint 90 is fixed. The operation unit 101 does not move up and down irrespective of the rotation of the operation lever 72, the second hydraulic pump for turning 36 is in the neutral position, the turning action does not occur, and the traveling speed is increased in both forward and backward movements. Can be continuously changed from low speed to high speed.

前述したように、操作レバー72を前進側に倒せば、図14に示すように、回動ブロック98における自在継手90の回動平面120は、X−Y平面に対して所定角度θだけ右下向きに傾く。この状態で、操向用ハンドル81を右に回動すると、ハウジング84内の連動機構と連動アーム103を介してアーム100が右方向に回動して前記回動平面に沿って自在継手90が移動することになり、アーム100に取付く操作部101は第2軸93に沿って下向き(Z1方向)に移動し、旋回用の第2油圧ポンプ36を正回転側で作動させる。即ち、旋回外側(実施例では左側)の走行クローラの速度が旋回内側(実施例では右側)の走行クローラの速度より大きい状態にする。前記操作部104の移動量は操向用ハンドル81の回動角度に比例する。その移動量に比例して右旋回半径を小さくするようにして前進旋回できる。前記と逆に操向用ハンドル81を左方向(左旋回操作方向)に回動すると、その回動角度に比例してハウジング84内の連動機構と連動アーム103を介してアーム100が左方向に回動して前記回動平面に沿って自在継手90が移動することになり、アーム100に取付く操作部101は第2軸93に沿って上向き(Z2方向)に移動し、旋回用の第2油圧ポンプ36を逆回転側で作動させ、旋回外側(実施例では右側)の走行クローラの速度が旋回内側(実施例では左側)の走行クローラの速度より大きい状態とし、操向用ハンドル81の回動角度に比例して小さくなる旋回半径で前進し且つ左旋回できることになる。   As described above, when the operation lever 72 is tilted forward, the rotation plane 120 of the universal joint 90 in the rotation block 98 is directed downward to the right by a predetermined angle θ with respect to the XY plane, as shown in FIG. Lean on. When the steering handle 81 is turned right in this state, the arm 100 is turned right via the interlocking mechanism and the interlocking arm 103 in the housing 84, and the universal joint 90 is moved along the turning plane. As a result, the operation unit 101 attached to the arm 100 moves downward (Z1 direction) along the second shaft 93, and operates the second hydraulic pump 36 for turning on the forward rotation side. That is, the speed of the traveling crawler on the outer side of the turning (the left side in the embodiment) is set to be higher than the speed of the traveling crawler on the inner side of the turning (right side in the embodiment). The amount of movement of the operation unit 104 is proportional to the rotation angle of the steering handle 81. The vehicle can be turned forward by reducing the right turning radius in proportion to the amount of movement. Contrary to the above, when the steering handle 81 is turned to the left (left turning operation direction), the arm 100 is turned to the left via the interlocking mechanism in the housing 84 and the interlocking arm 103 in proportion to the turning angle. By rotating, the universal joint 90 moves along the rotation plane, and the operation unit 101 attached to the arm 100 moves upward (in the Z2 direction) along the second shaft 93, and is turned for rotation. (2) The hydraulic pump 36 is operated on the reverse rotation side so that the speed of the traveling crawler on the outer side of the turning (the right side in the embodiment) is higher than the speed of the traveling crawler on the inner side of the turning (left side in the embodiment). The vehicle can move forward and turn left with a turning radius that decreases in proportion to the turning angle.

同様に、後退操作時においては、図15に示すように、回動ブロック98における自在継手90の回動平面120′は、X−Y平面に対して所定角度θだけ左下向きに傾く。この状態で、操向用ハンドル81を右に回動すると、ハウジング84内の連動機構と連動アーム103を介してアーム100が右方向に回動して前記回動平面に沿って自在継手90が移動することになり、アーム100に取付く操作部101は第2軸93に沿って上向き(Z2方向)に移動し、旋回用の第2油圧ポンプ36を逆回転側で作動させる。従って、即ち、旋回外側(実施例では左側)の走行クローラの速度が旋回内側(実施例では右側)の走行クローラの速度より大きい状態にする。このときも、前記操作部104の移動量は操向用ハンドル81の回動角度に比例する。その移動量に比例して右旋回半径を小さくするようにして後退旋回できる。   Similarly, at the time of the backward operation, as shown in FIG. 15, the rotation plane 120 'of the universal joint 90 in the rotation block 98 is inclined downward and to the left by a predetermined angle θ with respect to the XY plane. When the steering handle 81 is turned right in this state, the arm 100 is turned right via the interlocking mechanism and the interlocking arm 103 in the housing 84, and the universal joint 90 is moved along the turning plane. The operation unit 101 attached to the arm 100 moves upward (Z2 direction) along the second shaft 93, and operates the second hydraulic pump 36 for turning on the reverse rotation side. That is, in other words, the speed of the traveling crawler on the outer side of the turning (the left side in the embodiment) is higher than the speed of the traveling crawler on the inner side of the turning (right side in the embodiment). Also at this time, the amount of movement of the operation unit 104 is proportional to the rotation angle of the steering handle 81. The vehicle can turn backward by reducing the right turning radius in proportion to the moving amount.

他方、操向用ハンドル81を左方向(左旋回操作方向)に回動すると、その回動角度に比例してハウジング84内の連動機構と連動アーム103を介してアーム100が左方向に回動して前記回動平面に沿って自在継手90が移動することになり、アーム100に取付く操作部101は第2軸93に沿って下向き(Z1方向)に移動し、旋回用の第2油圧ポンプ36を正回転側で作動させ、旋回外側(実施例では左側)の走行クローラの速度が旋回内側(実施例では右側)の走行クローラの速度より大きい状態とし、操向用ハンドル81の回動角度に比例して小さくなる旋回半径で後退し且つ左旋回できることになる。   On the other hand, when the steering handle 81 is turned to the left (left turning operation direction), the arm 100 turns to the left via the interlocking mechanism and the interlocking arm 103 in the housing 84 in proportion to the turning angle. As a result, the universal joint 90 moves along the rotation plane, and the operation unit 101 attached to the arm 100 moves downward (Z1 direction) along the second shaft 93, and the second hydraulic pressure for turning turns. The pump 36 is operated on the forward rotation side, and the speed of the traveling crawler on the outer side of rotation (the left side in the embodiment) is higher than the speed of the traveling crawler on the inner side of the rotation (right side in the embodiment). It is possible to retreat and turn left with a turning radius that decreases in proportion to the angle.

以上から理解できるように、操作レバー72の傾き方向(従って、操作レバー72による走行機体の停止、前進、後退の操作)に応じて、前記回動ブロック98を傾き方向を設定させることができ、また、前進時と後退時とでは、回動ブロック98の傾き方向、ひいては自在継手部99の回動平面120(120′)が前進操作時と後退操作時とでは、互いに逆方向に傾くため、操向用ハンドル81の旋回操作方向が同じであっても、操作部101の移動方向が互いに逆になり、旋回内側の走行クローラの速度を旋回外側の走行クローラの速度より小さくして、オペレータの操作用ハンドル81の回動操作に合致した旋回ができるのである。   As can be understood from the above, it is possible to set the tilt direction of the rotary block 98 according to the tilt direction of the operation lever 72 (accordingly, the operation of stopping, moving forward, and retreating the traveling body by the operation lever 72). In addition, in the forward movement and the backward movement, the rotation direction of the rotation block 98 and, consequently, the rotation plane 120 (120 ') of the universal joint part 99 are inclined in opposite directions during the forward movement operation and the backward movement operation. Even if the turning operation direction of the steering handle 81 is the same, the moving directions of the operation unit 101 are opposite to each other, and the speed of the traveling crawler inside the turning is made smaller than the speed of the traveling crawler outside the turning, so that the operator's The turning that matches the turning operation of the operating handle 81 can be performed.

前記の実施例において、第2軸93に軸線に対する操作部101の操作ワイヤ102端部の離れ距離H1を極力短くし、且つ、操作ワイヤ102端部から、そのアウタ管102aの取付け位置迄の前記第2軸93に沿う方向の長さL1をできるだけ長く設定することにより、図13の状態で操向用ハンドル81を回動させるにつれて操作部101が左右回動したときも、操作ワイヤ102が必要以上に引張られないようにすることが好ましい。また、前記第2軸93を、連動アーム103が被嵌する部分と、操作部101が取付く部分とに分断し、操作部101の回動及び上下移動と一体的に作動するように、操作部101が取付く第2軸部分を構成しても良い。   In the above embodiment, the distance H1 between the end of the operation wire 102 of the operation unit 101 with respect to the axis of the second shaft 93 is made as short as possible, and the distance from the end of the operation wire 102 to the mounting position of the outer pipe 102a is reduced. By setting the length L1 in the direction along the second shaft 93 as long as possible, the operation wire 102 is required even when the operation unit 101 is turned left and right as the steering handle 81 is turned in the state of FIG. It is preferable not to be pulled further. Also, the second shaft 93 is divided into a portion where the interlocking arm 103 is fitted and a portion where the operation unit 101 is attached, and the operation is performed so that the operation and rotation of the operation unit 101 are integrally operated. The second shaft portion to which the portion 101 is attached may be configured.

なお、図16は、横軸に前記操向用ハンドル81の回動角度βを採り(最大回動角度に対するパーセントで示す)、縦軸に左右の走行クローラの走行速度(m/sec.)を採った速度線図を示す。操向用ハンドル81の回動角度0%の位置では、左右の走行クローラの走行速度は同じである。   In FIG. 16, the horizontal axis represents the rotation angle β of the steering handle 81 (shown as a percentage of the maximum rotation angle), and the vertical axis represents the traveling speed (m / sec.) Of the left and right traveling crawlers. The taken velocity diagram is shown. At the position where the turning angle of the steering handle 81 is 0%, the traveling speeds of the left and right traveling crawlers are the same.

図16の実線及び一点鎖線は、緩旋回〜急旋回までを任意の速さで且つ旋回半径を任意に無段階調節する場合の速度線図であって、例えば、左右両走行クローラ2a,2bを1.0 (m/sec.)にて前進走行させている状態から右旋回する場合、ハンドル81の単位回動角度当たり左走行クローラ2aがx(m/sec.)の速度だけ増速する一方(実線α1参照)、右走行クローラ2bは前記と同じ値x(m/sec.)だけ減速することになる(実線β1参照)。即ち、ハンドル81を一定角度Δ回動させると、左走行クローラ2aは、1.0 +x1・Δ(m/sec.)で走行し、右走行クローラ2bは1.0 −x1・Δ(m/sec.)にて走行して右旋回することになる。従って、旋回半径は、ハンドル81の回動角度により任意に無段階に調節できる。図16の一点鎖線は、左右両走行クローラ2a,2bの初期走行速度(前進時)が2.0 (m/sec.)から開始した右旋回の態様を示す。   The solid line and the one-dot chain line in FIG. 16 are speed diagrams when the turning radius is arbitrarily and continuously adjusted at an arbitrary speed from the gentle turning to the sharp turning. For example, the right and left traveling crawlers 2a and 2b are When the vehicle turns right from the forward traveling state at 1.0 (m / sec.), The left traveling crawler 2a increases by the speed of x (m / sec.) Per unit rotation angle of the handle 81 ( The right traveling crawler 2b is decelerated by the same value x (m / sec.) As described above (see the solid line α1). That is, when the steering wheel 81 is turned by a certain angle Δ, the left traveling crawler 2a travels at 1.0 + x1Δ (m / sec.), And the right traveling crawler 2b travels at 1.0−x1Δ (m / sec.). And turn right. Therefore, the turning radius can be arbitrarily and continuously adjusted by the turning angle of the handle 81. The alternate long and short dash line in FIG. 16 shows a mode of right turning in which the initial traveling speed (at the time of forward movement) of the left and right traveling crawlers 2a and 2b starts from 2.0 (m / sec.).

図16で示すように、左右両走行クローラ2a,2bが前進(後退)状態であって、速度差があるときには緩旋回となり、一方の走行クローラと他方の走行クローラとの進行方向が互いに逆になるときは、いわゆるスピンターン(急旋回)を実行できることになる。このような旋回態様は後退時においても実行できることになる。   As shown in FIG. 16, the left and right traveling crawlers 2a and 2b are in a forward (retreating) state, and when there is a speed difference, they make a gentle turn, and the traveling directions of one traveling crawler and the other traveling crawler are opposite to each other. Then, a so-called spin turn (rapid turn) can be performed. Such a turning mode can be executed even when the vehicle retreats.

ところで、前記図16における実線α1と実線β1との比較、一点鎖線α2と一点鎖線β1との比較で理解できるように、操向ハンドル81の回動角度を大きくすると、左右走行クローラの速度差が大きくなりすぎることになり、旋回半径を小さくなる。そうすると走行機体に搭乗して操縦するオペレータ(操縦者)には、大きな遠心力が作用して機外に放り出されるという危険性がある。そこで、操向用ハンドル81の回動角度に比例して左右両走行クローラの走行速度を減速させるため第1油圧ポンプ33の作動を加減する減速連動機構を、前記操向用ハンドル81と切換手段との連動機構に接続するのである。その1実施例は、図10、図11、図14及び図15に示すように、前記ハウジング84の外側において、操向用ハンドル81の回動角度に比例して減速回動する伝動軸90の一旦に円板状またはアーム状等の減速連動体121を固定し、前記第1油圧ポンプ33の斜板を操作する操作部(図示せず)に他端を接続するワイヤ122の一端を前記減速連動体121に接続し、操向用ハンドル81の中立位置でワイヤ122の引張が最小または0であり、操向用ハンドル81を左右いずれの方向に回動しても、その回動角度に比例してワイヤ122の引張り量が増大し、前記第1油圧ポンプ33からの圧油吐出量が比例的に減少するように構成するのである。   By the way, as can be understood from the comparison between the solid line α1 and the solid line β1 in FIG. 16 and the comparison between the one-dot chain line α2 and the one-dot chain line β1, when the rotation angle of the steering handle 81 is increased, the speed difference between the left and right traveling crawlers is reduced. It becomes too large, and the turning radius becomes small. In this case, there is a risk that an operator (pilot) who rides on the traveling body and controls the vehicle may be thrown out of the vehicle by a large centrifugal force. In order to reduce the traveling speed of the left and right traveling crawlers in proportion to the rotation angle of the steering handle 81, a deceleration interlocking mechanism for adjusting the operation of the first hydraulic pump 33 is provided by the steering handle 81 and the switching means. It is connected to the interlocking mechanism. As shown in FIGS. 10, 11, 14 and 15, the transmission shaft 90, which is decelerated and rotated in proportion to the rotation angle of the steering handle 81 outside the housing 84, is shown in FIG. One end of a wire 122 connecting the other end to an operation unit (not shown) for operating a swash plate of the first hydraulic pump 33 by fixing a disc-shaped or arm-shaped deceleration interlocking body 121 at once. Connected to the interlocking body 121, the tension of the wire 122 is minimum or zero at the neutral position of the steering handle 81, and even if the steering handle 81 is rotated in either the left or right direction, it is proportional to the rotation angle. As a result, the amount of tension of the wire 122 is increased, and the amount of pressurized oil discharged from the first hydraulic pump 33 is proportionally reduced.

このように構成すれば、操作レバー72にて所定の走行速度に設定した状態から、操向用ハンドル81の回動角度を増大させるのに比例して、左右両側の走行クローラの速度差が次第に減少するような、図16における点線で示す走行クローラの速度線図の勾配となり、旋回操作中のオペレータが振り回される遠心力の作用が少なくなって、不快感も減少する。   With this configuration, the speed difference between the left and right traveling crawlers gradually increases in proportion to the increase in the turning angle of the steering handle 81 from the state in which the traveling speed is set by the operation lever 72. The gradient of the speed diagram of the traveling crawler shown by the dotted line in FIG. 16 decreases, and the effect of the centrifugal force swung by the operator during the turning operation decreases, thereby reducing discomfort.

また、前記減速連動体121を連動機構における伝動軸90に取付けるだけで実現でき、至極簡単な構成で、コストも低減できる。   In addition, it can be realized only by attaching the deceleration interlocking body 121 to the transmission shaft 90 of the interlocking mechanism, and the cost can be reduced with an extremely simple configuration.

本発明は、農作業機ばかりでなく、ブルドーザ等の土木用の走行車両にも適用できることはいうまでもない。   It goes without saying that the present invention is applicable not only to agricultural work machines but also to civil engineering traveling vehicles such as bulldozers.

コンバインの側面図である。It is a side view of a combine. 動力伝達機構の動力伝達ブロック図である。It is a power transmission block diagram of a power transmission mechanism. 動力伝達機構の側面図である。It is a side view of a power transmission mechanism. 一対の遊星歯車機構部の一部断面図である。It is a partial sectional view of a pair of planetary gear mechanism parts. 走行用の操作レバーの作用説明図である。FIG. 4 is an explanatory diagram of an operation of a traveling operation lever. 操作レバーの案内溝の平面視形状を示すための図5のVI−VI線矢視平面図である。FIG. 6 is a plan view taken along line VI-VI of FIG. 5 for illustrating a plan view shape of a guide groove of the operation lever. 図5のVII −VII 線矢視で示す操作レバーの背面図である。FIG. 7 is a rear view of the operation lever as viewed from a line VII-VII in FIG. 5. 切換手段の斜視図である。It is a perspective view of a switching means. 切換手段の側断面図である。It is a sectional side view of a switching means. 切換手段の正面図である。It is a front view of a switching means. 図9のXI−XI線断面図である。FIG. 10 is a sectional view taken along line XI-XI of FIG. 9. 図10のXII −XII 線平面図である。FIG. 12 is a plan view taken along line XII-XII of FIG. 10. 操作レバーを完全中立位置にしたときの切換手段の作動状態を示す図である。FIG. 7 is a diagram illustrating an operation state of a switching unit when the operation lever is set to a completely neutral position. 操作レバーを前進位置にしたときの切換手段の作動状態を示す図である。FIG. 7 is a diagram illustrating an operation state of a switching unit when the operation lever is set to a forward position. 操作レバーを後退位置にしたときの切換手段の作動状態を示す図である。FIG. 8 is a diagram illustrating an operation state of the switching unit when the operation lever is set to a retracted position. 旋回時の左右走行クローラの速度線図である。FIG. 4 is a velocity diagram of the left and right traveling crawlers during a turn.

符号の説明Explanation of reference numerals

2a,2b 走行クローラ
20 操向装置
21a,21b 出力軸
30 ミッションケース
31,31 遊星歯車機構
32 走行用の油圧式駆動手段
33 第1油圧ポンプ
34 第1油圧モータ
35 旋回用の油圧式駆動手段
36 第2油圧ポンプ
37 第2油圧モータ
38 腕輪
39 遊星歯車
40 太陽歯車
42 リングギヤ
49 センター歯車
72 操作レバー
81 操向用ハンドル
82 切換手段
84 ハウジング
87 小ベベルギヤ
88 大ベベルギヤ
89a,89b 操作ワイヤ
90 伝動軸
92 第1軸
93 第2軸
94 ヨーク
95 アーム片
98 回動ブロック
99 自在継手部
100 アーム
101 操作部
102 操作ワイヤ
103 連動アーム
107 デテント円板
121 減速連動体
122 ワイヤ
2a, 2b Traveling crawler 20 Steering device 21a, 21b Output shaft 30 Transmission case 31, 31 Planetary gear mechanism 32 Hydraulic driving means for traveling 33 First hydraulic pump 34 First hydraulic motor 35 Hydraulic driving means for turning 36 Second hydraulic pump 37 Second hydraulic motor 38 Bracelet 39 Planetary gear 40 Sun gear 42 Ring gear 49 Center gear 72 Operating lever 81 Steering handle 82 Switching means 84 Housing 87 Small bevel gear 88 Large bevel gear 89a, 89b Operating wire 90 Transmission shaft 92 First shaft 93 Second shaft 94 Yoke 95 Arm piece 98 Rotating block 99 Universal joint 100 Arm 101 Operating unit 102 Operating wire 103 Interlocking arm 107 Detent disk 121 Deceleration interlocking body 122 Wire

Claims (2)

エンジンからの動力を、前進・後退の出力に切り換え可能な動力伝達機構を介して左右一対の走行クローラへ伝達するように構成する一方、油圧式駆動手段と操向用ハンドルとの間には、操向用ハンドルの右旋回及び左旋回の操作に対する前記油圧式駆動手段の出力方向を切り換えるための切換手段を設ける一方、前記操向用ハンドルの旋回操作量に比例して、走行クローラの速度を減速させる減速連動機構を設ける走行クローラの操作装置において、操向用ハンドルのハウジング内には、当該操向用ハンドルの回動角度に比例して前記アームを回動させる連動機構を設け、該連動機構に前記減速連動機構を接続したことを特徴とする走行クローラの操作装置。   While the power from the engine is configured to be transmitted to a pair of left and right traveling crawlers via a power transmission mechanism that can switch between forward and reverse outputs, between the hydraulic drive means and the steering handle, Switching means for switching the output direction of the hydraulic drive means for right and left turning operations of the steering handle is provided, and the speed of the traveling crawler is proportional to the turning operation amount of the steering handle. In a traveling crawler operating device provided with a deceleration interlocking mechanism for decelerating, in the housing of the steering handle, an interlocking mechanism for turning the arm in proportion to the turning angle of the steering handle is provided. An operating device for a traveling crawler, wherein the deceleration interlocking mechanism is connected to an interlocking mechanism. 切換手段は、第1軸周りに回動可能に装着されたヨークには、回動ブロックを前記第1軸と直交する軸線周りに回動可能に装着し、操向用ハンドルの中立位置において回動ブロックにおける前記第1軸の延長線上に設けた自在継手部に連結するアームと、前記第1軸と直交する第2軸に沿って移動自在且つ回動自在な前記油圧式駆動手段に対する操作部とを連結し、前記ヨークを、前記前進と後退との切り換えに応じて前記第1軸周りに正逆回動するように構成し、前記操向用ハンドルの左旋回操作及び右旋回操作に応じて前記アームを中立位置を挟んで第2軸周りに回動可能に構成したことを特徴とする請求項1記載の走行クローラの操作装置。   The switching means has a rotation block mounted on a yoke rotatably mounted around a first axis so as to be rotatable about an axis orthogonal to the first axis, and is turned at a neutral position of the steering handle. An arm connected to a universal joint provided on an extension of the first axis of the moving block, and an operating section for the hydraulic drive means movable and rotatable along a second axis orthogonal to the first axis. And the yoke is configured to rotate forward and backward around the first axis in response to switching between the forward and backward movements, so that the steering handle can be turned left and right. The operating device for a traveling crawler according to claim 1, wherein the arm is configured to be rotatable around a second axis with the neutral position interposed therebetween.
JP2004186702A 2004-06-24 2004-06-24 Operation device for traveling crawler in combine Expired - Fee Related JP3868438B2 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP2004186702A JP3868438B2 (en) 2004-06-24 2004-06-24 Operation device for traveling crawler in combine

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP2004186702A JP3868438B2 (en) 2004-06-24 2004-06-24 Operation device for traveling crawler in combine

Related Parent Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
JP18954895A Division JP3612602B2 (en) 1995-07-25 1995-07-25 Travel crawler operating device

Related Child Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
JP2006147703A Division JP3986080B2 (en) 2006-05-29 2006-05-29 Traveling vehicle

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
JP2004262456A true JP2004262456A (en) 2004-09-24
JP3868438B2 JP3868438B2 (en) 2007-01-17

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Country Link
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