JP2004258265A - Nonmagnetic monocomponent toner for development - Google Patents

Nonmagnetic monocomponent toner for development Download PDF

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Publication number
JP2004258265A
JP2004258265A JP2003048308A JP2003048308A JP2004258265A JP 2004258265 A JP2004258265 A JP 2004258265A JP 2003048308 A JP2003048308 A JP 2003048308A JP 2003048308 A JP2003048308 A JP 2003048308A JP 2004258265 A JP2004258265 A JP 2004258265A
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Japan
Prior art keywords
toner
hydrophobic
average particle
magnetic
particle size
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JP2003048308A
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Japanese (ja)
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JP4189235B2 (en
Inventor
Akihiro Sakaeda
栄田  朗宏
Yasuhiro Hidaka
安啓 日高
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Kao Corp
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Kao Corp
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Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a nonmagnetic monocomponent development toner having good transferability in a non-contact development system even in an environment at high temperature and high humidity. <P>SOLUTION: The nonmagnetic monocomponent development toner is used in a developing device in which a toner carrier is held in non-contact with an electrostatic latent image carrier, and contains a binder resin, a colorant and an external additive. (a) Hydrophobic rutile type titanium dioxide having an average particle diameter of primary particles of 5-30 nm hydrophobed with a silane coupling agent, (b) hydrophobic silica having an average particle diameter of primary particles of 6-14 nm hydrophobed with hexamethyldisilazane, and (c) hydrophobic silica having an average particle diameter of primary particles of 20-100 nm hydrophobed with silicone oil are contained or added as the external additive. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2004,JPO&NCIPI

Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、電子写真法、静電記録法、静電印刷法等において形成される潜像の現像に用いられる非磁性一成分現像用トナーに関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
感光体等の静電潜像担持体の耐久性を確保する観点より、トナー担持体(現像ロール)を静電潜像担持体(感光体)に対して非接触に保持し、トナーを飛翔させて現像する非磁性一成分非接触現像法が知られている。この方式に用いられるトナーとして、帯電性及び搬送安定性を確保するため、シリコーンオイルで処理されたシリカとシリコーンオイル処理が施されていない無機粉末を含有したトナー(特許文献1)や、帯電制御剤として樹脂帯電制御剤を含有し、特定の外添剤を組み合わせたトナー(特許文献2)が知られている。
【0003】
しかし、これらのトナーは高温高湿環境下での転写性が劣る場合が有り、かかる観点からの改良が望まれている。
【0004】
【特許文献1】
特開2000−131888号公報(請求項1)
【特許文献2】
特開2002−278164号公報(請求項1)
【0005】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
本発明の目的は、非接触現像方式において、高温高湿環境においても良好な転写性を有する非磁性一成分現像用トナーを提供することにある。
【0006】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明は、トナー担持体を静電潜像担持体に対して非接触に保持した現像装置に用いられる非磁性一成分現像用トナーであって、結着樹脂、着色剤及び外添剤を含有してなり、前記外添剤として
(a)シランカップリング剤で疎水化処理された、一次粒子の平均粒径が5〜30nmの疎水性ルチル型酸化チタン、
(b)ヘキサメチルジシラザンで疎水化処理された、一次粒子の平均粒径が6〜14nmの疎水性シリカ、及び
(c)シリコーンオイルで疎水化処理された、一次粒子の平均粒径が20〜100nmの疎水性シリカ
を含有又は添加してなる非磁性一成分現像用トナーに関する。
【0007】
【発明の実施の形態】
本発明のトナーは、少なくとも、互いに疎水化処理剤及び平均粒径が異なる3種の外添剤、即ち
シランカップリング剤で疎水化処理された、かつ一次粒子の平均粒径が5〜30nmの疎水性ルチル型酸化チタン(以下、疎水性酸化チタンという)、
ヘキサメチルジシラザンで疎水化処理された、一次粒子の平均粒径が6〜14nmの疎水性シリカ(以下、疎水性シリカ(A))という、及び
シリコーンオイルで疎水化処理された及び一次粒子の平均粒径20〜100nmの疎水性シリカ(以下、疎水性シリカ(B))
を含有している点に大きな特徴を有する。本発明においては、これら3種の外添剤を併用することにより、非磁性一成分非接触現像方式における、高温高湿環境下でのトナーの転写性が格段に向上する。転写性が向上する理由は不明なるも、トナーを飛翔させる非接触現像に適した流動性、帯電性等のトナー物性が高温高湿の環境下においても維持されるためと推定される。
【0008】
疎水性酸化チタンは、シランカップリング剤により疎水化処理されている。シランカップリング剤としては、イソブチルトリメトキシシラン、イソブチルメトキシシラン、メチルトリメトキシシラン、ヘキサメチルジシラザン、ジメチルジクロロシラン、ジメチルポリシロキサン、メチルハイドロジェンポリシロキンサン等が挙げられるが、これらの中では、流動性と帯電性のバランスの観点より、イソブチルトリメトキシシランが好ましい。
【0009】
シランカップリング剤による処理量は、高い疎水化度を有し、耐環境性を向上させる観点より、酸化チタン100重量部に対して、1〜50重量部が好ましく、5〜35重量部がより好ましい。
【0010】
酸化チタンは、その結晶系により、ルチル型、アナターゼ型又はブルッカイト型に分類されるが、本発明では、ルチル型酸化チタンが用いられる。これは、原因は明らかではないが、抵抗率が比較的高いというルチル型酸化チタンの特性が、トナーの帯電安定性向上に働くためと推定される。
【0011】
疎水性酸化チタンの一次粒子の平均粒径は、トナーの流動性を向上させ、本発明の効果を発揮させる観点より、5〜30nmであり、好ましくは10〜20nm、より好ましくは12〜18nmである。
【0012】
疎水性酸化チタンの含有量は、外添剤により処理する前のトナー(未処理トナー)100重量部に対して、0.1〜3重量部が好ましく、0.5〜1.5重量部がより好ましい。
【0013】
疎水性シリカ(A)は、ヘキサメチルジシラザンにより疎水化処理されている。
【0014】
ヘキサメチルジシラザンによる処理量は、シリカ100重量部に対して、0.1〜30重量部が好ましく、2〜15重量部がより好ましい。
【0015】
疎水性シリカ(A)の一次粒子の平均粒径は、トナーの流動性を向上させ、本発明の効果を発揮させる観点より、6〜14nmであり、好ましくは7〜12nm、より好ましくは8〜10nmである。
【0016】
疎水性シリカ(A)の含有量は、未処理トナー100重量部に対して、0.1〜2.0重量部が好ましく、0.5〜1.5重量部がより好ましい。
【0017】
疎水性シリカ(B)は、シリコーンオイルにより疎水化処理されている。
【0018】
シリコーンオイルによる処理量は、シリカ100重量部に対して、1〜30重量部が好ましく、5〜15重量部がより好ましい。
【0019】
疎水性シリカ(B)の一次粒子の平均粒径は、トナーの帯電性を確保し、本発明の効果を発揮させる観点より、20〜100nmであり、好ましくは30〜80nm、より好ましくは35〜70nm、特に好ましくは40〜60nmである。
【0020】
疎水性シリカ(B)の含有量は、未処理トナー100重量部に対して、0.1〜2.0重量部が好ましく、0.5〜1.5重量部がより好ましい。
【0021】
疎水性酸化チタンの疎水性シリカ(A)と疎水性シリカ(B)の総量に対する重量比〔疎水性酸化チタン/(疎水性シリカ(A)+疎水性シリカ(B))〕は、0.1〜2.0が好ましく、0.3〜1.0がより好ましい。
【0022】
本発明における結着樹脂としては、ポリエステル、スチレン−アクリル樹脂、エポキシ樹脂、ポリカーボネート、ポリウレタン、2種以上の樹脂成分が部分的に化学結合したハイブリッド樹脂等が挙げられ、特に限定されないが、これらの中では、着色剤の分散性及び転写性の観点から、ポリエステル及びポリエステル成分とビニル系樹脂等の付加重合系樹脂成分とを有するハイブリッド樹脂が好ましく、ポリエステルがより好ましい。ポリエステルの含有量は、結着樹脂中、50〜100重量%が好ましく、80〜100重量%がより好ましく、100重量%が特に好ましい。
【0023】
なお、ハイブリッド樹脂は、2種以上の樹脂を原料として得られたものであっても、1種の樹脂と他種の樹脂の原料モノマーから得られたものであっても、さらに2種以上の樹脂の原料モノマーの混合物から得られたものであってもよいが、効率よくハイブリッド樹脂を得るためには、2種以上の樹脂の原料モノマーの混合物から得られたものが好ましい。
【0024】
ポリエステルは、2価以上のアルコールからなるアルコール成分と2価以上のカルボン酸化合物からなるカルボン酸成分からなる原料モノマーを縮重合させて得られる。
【0025】
2価のアルコールとしては、ポリオキシプロピレン(2.2)−2,2−ビス(4−ヒドロキシフェニル)プロパン、ポリオキシエチレン(2.0)−2,2−ビス(4−ヒドロキシフェニル)プロパン等のビスフェノールAのアルキレン(炭素数2又は3)オキサイド付加物(平均付加モル数1〜10)、エチレングリコール、プロピレングリコール、1,6−ヘキサンジオール、ビスフェノールA、水素添加ビスフェノールA等が挙げられる。
【0026】
3価以上のアルコールとしては、ソルビトール、1,4−ソルビタン、ペンタエリスリトール、グリセロール、トリメチロールプロパン等が挙げられる。
【0027】
また、2価のカルボン酸化合物としては、フタル酸、イソフタル酸、テレフタル酸、フマル酸、マレイン酸等のジカルボン酸、炭素数1〜20のアルキル基又はアルケニル基で置換されたコハク酸、これらの酸の無水物及びアルキル(炭素数1〜12)エステル等が挙げられる。
【0028】
3価以上のカルボン酸化合物としては、1,2,4−ベンゼントリカルボン酸(トリメリット酸)及びその酸無水物、アルキル(炭素数1〜12)エステル等が挙げられる。
【0029】
なお、アルコール成分及びカルボン酸成分には、1価のアルコール及び1価のカルボン酸化合物が、分子量調整や耐オフセット性向上の観点から、適宜含有されていてもよい。
【0030】
ポリエステルは、例えば、アルコール成分とカルボン酸成分とを不活性ガス雰囲気中にて、要すればエステル化触媒を用いて、さらには減圧下、180〜250℃の温度で縮重合することにより製造することができる。
【0031】
ポリエステルの軟化点は、定着性及び耐久性の観点から、好ましくは95〜135℃、より好ましくは100〜115℃であり、ガラス転移点は50〜85℃が好ましい。また、酸価は0.1〜30mgKOH/gが、水酸基価は5〜50mgKOH/gが、それぞれ好ましい。
【0032】
着色剤としては、トナー用着色剤として用いられている染料、顔料等のすべてを使用することができ、カーボンブラック、フタロシアニンブルー、パーマネントブラウンFG、ブリリアントファーストスカーレット、ピグメントグリーンB、ローダミン−Bベース、ソルベントレッド49、ソルベントレッド146、ソルベントブルー35、キナクリドン、カーミン6B、ジスアゾエロー等が挙げられ、これらは単独で又は2種以上を混合して用いることができ、本発明のトナーは黒トナー、カラートナー、フルカラートナーのいずれであってもよい。着色剤の含有量は、結着樹脂100重量部に対して、1〜40重量部が好ましく、3〜10重量部がより好ましい。
【0033】
本発明のトナーには、荷電制御剤、離型剤、流動性向上剤、導電性調整剤、体質顔料、繊維状物質等の補強充填剤、酸化防止剤、老化防止剤、クリーニング性向上剤等の添加剤を適宜用いられていてもよい。
【0034】
荷電制御剤としては、ニグロシン染料、3級アミンを側鎖として含有するトリフェニルメタン系染料、4級アンモニウム塩化合物、ポリアミン樹脂、イミダゾール誘導体等の正帯電性荷電制御剤及び含金属アゾ染料、銅フタロシアニン染料、サリチル酸のアルキル誘導体の金属錯体、ベンジル酸のホウ素錯体等の負帯電性荷電制御剤が挙げられる。
【0035】
離型剤としては、カルナウバワックス、ライスワックス等の天然エステル系ワックス、ポリプロピレンワックス、ポリエチレンワックス、フィッシャートロプッシュ等の合成ワックス、モンタンワックス等の石炭系ワックス、アルコール系ワックス等のワックスが挙げられ、これらは単独でまたは2種以上を混合して含有されていてもよい。
【0036】
本発明のトナーは、未処理トナーと外添剤とをヘンシェルミキサー等を用いて混合し、未処理トナーに外添剤を添加する表面処理工程を経て得られる。未処理トナーの製造方法は、混練粉砕法、乳化転相法、重合法等の従来より公知のいずれの方法であってもよいが、製造が容易なことから、混練粉砕法が好ましい。なお、混練粉砕法による粉砕トナーの場合、結着樹脂、着色剤等をヘンシェルミキサー等の混合機で均一に混合した後、密閉式ニーダー又は1軸もしくは2軸の押出機等で溶融混練し、冷却、粉砕、分級して製造することができ、乳化転相法では、結着樹脂、着色剤等を有機溶剤に溶解又は分散後、水を添加する等によりエマルジョン化し、次いで分離、分級して製造することができる。
【0037】
トナーの体積中位粒径(D50)は、飛翔性及び解像度の観点から、好ましくは4〜14μmであり、より好ましくは6〜10μmである。また、変動係数(CV)は、好ましくは28以下であり、より好ましくは15〜26、特に好ましくは18〜23である。
【0038】
本発明のトナーが用いられる非磁性一成分非接触現像装置としては、現像ロール等のトナー担持体と、トナー担持体上に形成されるトナー層の厚さを均一に規制しつつ摩擦帯電により電荷を付与するブレードと、感光体等の静電潜像担持体とを有し、トナー担持体を静電潜像担持体に対して非接触に保持した現像装置が挙げられる。
【0039】
【実施例】
〔樹脂の軟化点〕
高化式フローテスター「CFT−500D」(島津製作所製)を用い、樹脂の半分が流出する温度を軟化点とする(試料:1g、昇温速度:6℃/分、荷重:1.96MPa、ノズル:1mmφ×1mm)。
【0040】
〔樹脂のガラス転移点〕
示差走査熱量計「DSC210」(セイコー電子工業(株)製)を用いて昇温速度10℃/分で測定する。
【0041】
〔外添剤の一次粒径〕
BET比表面積法により算定する。
【0042】
〔トナーの体積中位粒径及び変動係数〕
コールター・マルチサイザーにて測定する。
【0043】
樹脂製造例1
ビスフェノールAのプロピレンオキサイド付加物(平均付加モル数:2.2モル)714g、ビスフェノールAのエチレンオキサイド付加物(平均付加モル数:2.2モル)663g、イソフタル酸518g、イソオクテニルコハク酸70g、トリメリット酸80g及びジブチル錫オキシド2gを窒素気流下、210℃にて攪拌しつつ反応させた。ASTM E28−51Tに準じて測定した軟化点により重合度を追跡し、軟化点が120℃に達した時点で反応を終了した。得られた樹脂を樹脂Aとする。樹脂Aのガラス転移点は60℃であった。
【0044】
未処理トナーの製造例1
樹脂A 7000g、着色剤「ECB−301」(大日精化工業社製)210g、ポリプロピレンワックス「NP−105」(三井化学社製)140g及び荷電制御剤「ボントロン E−84」(オリエント化学工業製)70gをヘンシェルミキサーに投入し、槽内温度40℃で2分間攪拌混合して混合物を得た。得られた混合物を連続型二軸混練機により100℃で溶融混練を行い、得られた混練物を空気中で冷却した後、ロートプレックス(アルバイン製)にて粗粉砕し、目開きが2mmの篩いにかけて、最大径2mmの粗粉砕物を得た。得られた粗粉砕物を微粉砕・分級し、体積中位粒径が7.5μm、変動係数が20の未処理トナーAを得た。
【0045】
未処理トナーの製造例2
着色剤として「ECB−301」の代わりに、「Mogul−L」(キャボット社製)210gを使用した以外は、未処理トナーAと同様にして、体積中位粒径が8.8μm、変動係数が26の未処理トナーBを得た。
【0046】
未処理トナーの製造例2
粗粉砕物の微粉砕・分級工程を、目的とするトナーの粒度分布に合わせて調整した以外は未処理トナーAと同様にして、体積中位粒径が7.8μm、変動係数が30の未処理トナーCを得た。
【0047】
実施例1〜4及び比較例1〜5
表1に示す未処理トナーと外添剤をヘンシェルミキサーを用いて混合し、トナーを得た。
【0048】
【表1】

Figure 2004258265
【0049】
試験例1
非接触現像方式に改造した非磁性一成分現像装置「Microline 703N3」(沖データ社製)にトナーを実装し、温度25℃、相対湿度50%の環境(NN環境)下又は温度35℃、相対湿度80%の環境(HH環境)下で、ベタ画像を得た。得られた画像の濃度を「X−Rite938」(X−Rite社)により測定し、感光体ドラム上のトナー現像量に対する転写紙上のトナー付着量の割合を転写率として求め、以下の評価基準に従って転写性を評価した。結果を表2に示す。なお、画像濃度は1.30以上で実用上良好なレベルと判断できる。
【0050】
〔転写性の評価基準〕
◎: 転写率が90%以上
○: 転写率が80%以上、90%未満
△: 転写率が70%以上、80%未満
×: 転写率が70%以下
【0051】
【表2】
Figure 2004258265
【0052】
以上の結果より、実施例1〜4では、十分な濃度の画像が得られ、HH環境においても画像濃度の低下が小さく、良好な画像が得られている。また、転写性についても、NN環境、HH環境のいずれにおいても、80%以上の転写率を有している。これに対し、比較例1、2では、NN環境では問題がないものの、HH環境では濃度低下や転写性の低下を生じ、比較例3〜5ではNN環境でも画像濃度が低く、転写性も不十分である。
【0053】
【発明の効果】
本発明の非磁性一成分現像用トナーは、非磁性一成分非接触現像方法において、高温高湿環境においても良好な転写性を有するという優れた効果を奏する。[0001]
TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a non-magnetic one-component developing toner used for developing a latent image formed in an electrophotographic method, an electrostatic recording method, an electrostatic printing method, or the like.
[0002]
[Prior art]
From the viewpoint of ensuring the durability of the electrostatic latent image carrier such as the photoconductor, the toner carrier (development roll) is held in non-contact with the electrostatic latent image carrier (photoconductor) to cause the toner to fly. There is known a non-magnetic one-component non-contact development method in which the development is carried out. Toners used in this method include toner containing silica treated with silicone oil and inorganic powder not subjected to silicone oil treatment (Patent Document 1) in order to ensure chargeability and transport stability. There is known a toner containing a resin charge control agent as an agent and combining with a specific external additive (Patent Document 2).
[0003]
However, these toners may have poor transferability in a high-temperature and high-humidity environment, and improvement from such a viewpoint is desired.
[0004]
[Patent Document 1]
JP-A-2000-131888 (Claim 1)
[Patent Document 2]
JP-A-2002-278164 (Claim 1)
[0005]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
An object of the present invention is to provide a non-magnetic one-component developing toner having good transferability even in a high temperature and high humidity environment in a non-contact developing system.
[0006]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The present invention relates to a non-magnetic one-component developing toner used in a developing device in which a toner carrier is held in non-contact with an electrostatic latent image carrier, and contains a binder resin, a colorant and an external additive. And (a) hydrophobic rutile-type titanium oxide having an average particle diameter of primary particles of 5 to 30 nm, which has been subjected to a hydrophobic treatment with a silane coupling agent as the external additive;
(B) hydrophobic silica having an average particle size of primary particles of 6 to 14 nm, which has been subjected to hydrophobic treatment with hexamethyldisilazane; and (c) primary particles having an average particle size of 20 which has been subjected to hydrophobic treatment with silicone oil. The present invention relates to a non-magnetic one-component developing toner containing or adding hydrophobic silica of about 100 nm.
[0007]
BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
The toner of the present invention has at least three types of external additives having different hydrophobizing agents and different average particle diameters, that is, a hydrophobizing treatment with a silane coupling agent, and primary particles having an average particle diameter of 5 to 30 nm. Hydrophobic rutile type titanium oxide (hereinafter referred to as hydrophobic titanium oxide),
It is referred to as hydrophobic silica having an average particle diameter of 6 to 14 nm (hereinafter referred to as "hydrophobic silica (A)), which has been subjected to a hydrophobic treatment with hexamethyldisilazane. Hydrophobic silica having an average particle size of 20 to 100 nm (hereinafter, hydrophobic silica (B))
It has a great feature in that it contains In the present invention, by using these three types of external additives in combination, the transferability of the toner under a high-temperature and high-humidity environment in the non-magnetic one-component non-contact developing system is remarkably improved. Although the reason why the transferability is improved is unknown, it is presumed that the toner physical properties such as fluidity and chargeability suitable for non-contact development in which the toner flies are maintained even in a high-temperature and high-humidity environment.
[0008]
The hydrophobic titanium oxide has been subjected to a hydrophobic treatment with a silane coupling agent. Examples of the silane coupling agent include isobutyltrimethoxysilane, isobutylmethoxysilane, methyltrimethoxysilane, hexamethyldisilazane, dimethyldichlorosilane, dimethylpolysiloxane, methylhydrogenpolysiloxane, and the like. From the viewpoint of the balance between fluidity and chargeability, isobutyltrimethoxysilane is preferred.
[0009]
The treatment amount with the silane coupling agent has a high degree of hydrophobicity, and is preferably 1 to 50 parts by weight, more preferably 5 to 35 parts by weight, based on 100 parts by weight of titanium oxide, from the viewpoint of improving environmental resistance. preferable.
[0010]
Titanium oxide is classified into rutile type, anatase type or brookite type according to its crystal system. In the present invention, rutile type titanium oxide is used. Although the cause is not clear, it is presumed that the characteristic of the rutile type titanium oxide having a relatively high resistivity works to improve the charging stability of the toner.
[0011]
The average particle size of the primary particles of the hydrophobic titanium oxide is from 5 to 30 nm, preferably from 10 to 20 nm, more preferably from 12 to 18 nm, from the viewpoint of improving the fluidity of the toner and exerting the effects of the present invention. is there.
[0012]
The content of the hydrophobic titanium oxide is preferably from 0.1 to 3 parts by weight, and more preferably from 0.5 to 1.5 parts by weight, based on 100 parts by weight of the toner before being treated with the external additive (untreated toner). More preferred.
[0013]
The hydrophobic silica (A) has been subjected to a hydrophobic treatment with hexamethyldisilazane.
[0014]
The treatment amount with hexamethyldisilazane is preferably 0.1 to 30 parts by weight, more preferably 2 to 15 parts by weight, based on 100 parts by weight of silica.
[0015]
The average primary particle size of the hydrophobic silica (A) is from 6 to 14 nm, preferably from 7 to 12 nm, more preferably from 8 to 14 from the viewpoint of improving the fluidity of the toner and exerting the effects of the present invention. 10 nm.
[0016]
The content of the hydrophobic silica (A) is preferably 0.1 to 2.0 parts by weight, more preferably 0.5 to 1.5 parts by weight, based on 100 parts by weight of the untreated toner.
[0017]
The hydrophobic silica (B) has been subjected to a hydrophobic treatment with silicone oil.
[0018]
The amount treated with silicone oil is preferably 1 to 30 parts by weight, more preferably 5 to 15 parts by weight, based on 100 parts by weight of silica.
[0019]
The average particle size of the primary particles of the hydrophobic silica (B) is from 20 to 100 nm, preferably from 30 to 80 nm, more preferably from 35 to 80, from the viewpoint of securing the chargeability of the toner and exerting the effects of the present invention. 70 nm, particularly preferably 40 to 60 nm.
[0020]
The content of the hydrophobic silica (B) is preferably 0.1 to 2.0 parts by weight, more preferably 0.5 to 1.5 parts by weight, based on 100 parts by weight of the untreated toner.
[0021]
The weight ratio of the hydrophobic titanium oxide to the total amount of the hydrophobic silica (A) and the hydrophobic silica (B) [hydrophobic titanium oxide / (hydrophobic silica (A) + hydrophobic silica (B))] is 0.1. -2.0 is preferable, and 0.3-1.0 is more preferable.
[0022]
Examples of the binder resin in the present invention include polyesters, styrene-acrylic resins, epoxy resins, polycarbonates, polyurethanes, and hybrid resins in which two or more resin components are chemically bonded, and are not particularly limited. Among them, from the viewpoint of dispersibility and transferability of the colorant, polyester and a hybrid resin having a polyester component and an addition polymerization resin component such as a vinyl resin are preferable, and polyester is more preferable. The content of the polyester in the binder resin is preferably 50 to 100% by weight, more preferably 80 to 100% by weight, and particularly preferably 100% by weight.
[0023]
It should be noted that the hybrid resin may be obtained from two or more resins as raw materials, or may be obtained from one type of resin and a raw material monomer of another type of resin. It may be obtained from a mixture of resin raw material monomers, but in order to obtain a hybrid resin efficiently, a resin obtained from a mixture of two or more resin raw material monomers is preferable.
[0024]
The polyester is obtained by polycondensing a raw material monomer comprising an alcohol component comprising a divalent or higher alcohol and a carboxylic acid component comprising a divalent or higher carboxylic acid compound.
[0025]
Examples of the dihydric alcohol include polyoxypropylene (2.2) -2,2-bis (4-hydroxyphenyl) propane and polyoxyethylene (2.0) -2,2-bis (4-hydroxyphenyl) propane Alkylene (C2 or C3) oxide adduct of bisphenol A (average number of moles added: 1 to 10), ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, 1,6-hexanediol, bisphenol A, hydrogenated bisphenol A, etc. .
[0026]
Examples of the trivalent or higher alcohol include sorbitol, 1,4-sorbitan, pentaerythritol, glycerol, and trimethylolpropane.
[0027]
Further, as the divalent carboxylic acid compound, phthalic acid, isophthalic acid, terephthalic acid, fumaric acid, dicarboxylic acids such as maleic acid, succinic acid substituted with an alkyl group or alkenyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, Examples thereof include acid anhydrides and alkyl (C1 to C12) esters.
[0028]
Examples of the trivalent or higher carboxylic acid compound include 1,2,4-benzenetricarboxylic acid (trimellitic acid), an acid anhydride thereof, and an alkyl (C1 to C12) ester.
[0029]
The alcohol component and the carboxylic acid component may appropriately contain a monohydric alcohol and a monocarboxylic acid compound from the viewpoint of adjusting the molecular weight and improving the offset resistance.
[0030]
Polyester is produced, for example, by condensation polymerization of an alcohol component and a carboxylic acid component in an inert gas atmosphere, if necessary, using an esterification catalyst, and further under reduced pressure at a temperature of 180 to 250 ° C. be able to.
[0031]
The softening point of the polyester is preferably from 95 to 135 ° C, more preferably from 100 to 115 ° C, and the glass transition point is preferably from 50 to 85 ° C from the viewpoints of fixability and durability. The acid value is preferably 0.1 to 30 mgKOH / g, and the hydroxyl value is preferably 5 to 50 mgKOH / g.
[0032]
As the colorant, any of dyes and pigments used as toner colorants can be used, and carbon black, phthalocyanine blue, permanent brown FG, brilliant first scarlet, Pigment Green B, Rhodamine-B base, Solvent Red 49, Solvent Red 146, Solvent Blue 35, Quinacridone, Carmine 6B, Disazo Yellow and the like, and these can be used alone or in combination of two or more. The toner of the present invention is a black toner and a color toner. And full-color toner. The content of the colorant is preferably 1 to 40 parts by weight, more preferably 3 to 10 parts by weight, based on 100 parts by weight of the binder resin.
[0033]
The toner of the present invention includes a charge control agent, a release agent, a fluidity improver, a conductivity adjuster, an extender, a reinforcing filler such as a fibrous substance, an antioxidant, an antioxidant, and a cleaning improver. May be used as appropriate.
[0034]
Examples of the charge control agent include a nigrosine dye, a triphenylmethane-based dye containing a tertiary amine as a side chain, a quaternary ammonium salt compound, a polyamine resin, a positive charge control agent such as an imidazole derivative, and a metal-containing azo dye; Negatively chargeable charge control agents such as phthalocyanine dyes, metal complexes of alkyl derivatives of salicylic acid, and boron complexes of benzylic acid.
[0035]
Examples of the release agent include natural ester waxes such as carnauba wax and rice wax, synthetic waxes such as polypropylene wax, polyethylene wax and Fischer-Tropsch, coal-based waxes such as montan wax, and waxes such as alcohol-based wax. These may be contained alone or as a mixture of two or more.
[0036]
The toner of the present invention is obtained through a surface treatment step of mixing an untreated toner and an external additive using a Henschel mixer or the like and adding the external additive to the untreated toner. The method for producing the untreated toner may be any of conventionally known methods such as a kneading and pulverizing method, an emulsification phase inversion method, and a polymerization method. However, the kneading and pulverizing method is preferable because of easy production. In the case of the pulverized toner by the kneading and pulverizing method, the binder resin, the colorant, and the like are uniformly mixed with a mixer such as a Henschel mixer, and then melt-kneaded with a closed kneader or a single- or twin-screw extruder, and the like. It can be manufactured by cooling, pulverizing, and classifying.In the emulsification phase inversion method, after dissolving or dispersing a binder resin, a colorant, and the like in an organic solvent, emulsifying by adding water, and then separating and classifying. Can be manufactured.
[0037]
The volume median particle diameter (D 50 ) of the toner is preferably 4 to 14 μm, and more preferably 6 to 10 μm, from the viewpoint of flying properties and resolution. The coefficient of variation (CV) is preferably 28 or less, more preferably 15 to 26, and particularly preferably 18 to 23.
[0038]
The non-magnetic one-component non-contact developing device in which the toner of the present invention is used includes a toner carrier such as a developing roll and a charge by frictional charging while uniformly regulating the thickness of a toner layer formed on the toner carrier. And a developing device which has a blade for imparting the toner and an electrostatic latent image carrier such as a photoconductor, and holds the toner carrier in a non-contact state with the electrostatic latent image carrier.
[0039]
【Example】
(Softening point of resin)
Using a Koka type flow tester “CFT-500D” (manufactured by Shimadzu Corporation), the temperature at which half of the resin flows out is taken as the softening point (sample: 1 g, heating rate: 6 ° C./min, load: 1.96 MPa, Nozzle: 1 mmφ × 1 mm).
[0040]
(Glass transition point of resin)
The measurement is performed at a heating rate of 10 ° C./min using a differential scanning calorimeter “DSC210” (manufactured by Seiko Instruments Inc.).
[0041]
(Primary particle size of external additive)
It is calculated by the BET specific surface area method.
[0042]
(Volume median particle diameter and coefficient of variation)
Measure with Coulter Multisizer.
[0043]
Resin production example 1
714 g of a propylene oxide adduct of bisphenol A (average addition mol number: 2.2 mol), 663 g of an ethylene oxide adduct of bisphenol A (average addition mol number: 2.2 mol), 518 g of isophthalic acid, 70 g of isooctenyl succinic acid, 80 g of melitic acid and 2 g of dibutyltin oxide were reacted with stirring at 210 ° C. under a nitrogen stream. The degree of polymerization was followed by the softening point measured according to ASTM E28-51T, and the reaction was terminated when the softening point reached 120 ° C. The obtained resin is referred to as resin A. The glass transition point of the resin A was 60 ° C.
[0044]
Production example 1 of untreated toner
7000 g of resin A, 210 g of coloring agent “ECB-301” (manufactured by Dainichi Seika Kogyo), 140 g of polypropylene wax “NP-105” (manufactured by Mitsui Chemicals), and charge control agent “Bontron E-84” (manufactured by Orient Chemical Industries) ) 70 g was charged into a Henschel mixer, and stirred and mixed at a tank temperature of 40 ° C for 2 minutes to obtain a mixture. The obtained mixture was melt-kneaded at 100 ° C. by a continuous twin-screw kneader, and the obtained kneaded product was cooled in the air, and then coarsely pulverized by a rotoplex (manufactured by Albain), and the mesh having an opening of 2 mm The mixture was sieved to obtain a coarsely pulverized product having a maximum diameter of 2 mm. The obtained coarsely pulverized product was finely pulverized and classified to obtain an untreated toner A having a volume median particle diameter of 7.5 μm and a coefficient of variation of 20.
[0045]
Production example 2 of untreated toner
Except for using 210 g of “Mogul-L” (manufactured by Cabot) instead of “ECB-301” as the colorant, the volume-median particle size was 8.8 μm, and the variation coefficient was the same as in the case of the untreated toner A. 26 was obtained.
[0046]
Production example 2 of untreated toner
Except that the fine pulverization / classification process of the coarsely pulverized product was adjusted according to the particle size distribution of the target toner, the same process as in the untreated toner A was carried out, except that the volume median particle size was 7.8 μm and the variation coefficient was 30. Processing toner C was obtained.
[0047]
Examples 1-4 and Comparative Examples 1-5
The untreated toner shown in Table 1 and an external additive were mixed using a Henschel mixer to obtain a toner.
[0048]
[Table 1]
Figure 2004258265
[0049]
Test example 1
The toner is mounted on a non-magnetic one-component developing device "Microline 703N3" (manufactured by Oki Data Corporation) modified to a non-contact developing system, and is used in an environment (NN environment) at a temperature of 25 ° C. and a relative humidity of 50% or at a temperature of 35 ° C. A solid image was obtained under an environment of 80% humidity (HH environment). The density of the obtained image was measured by "X-Rite 938" (X-Rite), and the ratio of the amount of toner adhering on the transfer paper to the amount of toner development on the photosensitive drum was determined as the transfer rate. The transferability was evaluated. Table 2 shows the results. It should be noted that an image density of 1.30 or more can be judged as a practically good level.
[0050]
[Evaluation criteria for transferability]
◎: Transfer rate of 90% or more :: Transfer rate of 80% or more and less than 90% Δ: Transfer rate of 70% or more and less than 80% ×: Transfer rate of 70% or less
[Table 2]
Figure 2004258265
[0052]
From the above results, in Examples 1 to 4, an image having a sufficient density was obtained, and even in an HH environment, a decrease in image density was small, and a good image was obtained. Further, the transferability is 80% or more in both the NN environment and the HH environment. On the other hand, in Comparative Examples 1 and 2, although there was no problem in the NN environment, the density and transferability were reduced in the HH environment. In Comparative Examples 3 to 5, the image density was low and the transferability was poor even in the NN environment. It is enough.
[0053]
【The invention's effect】
INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY The non-magnetic one-component developing toner of the present invention has an excellent effect of having good transferability even in a high-temperature and high-humidity environment in a non-magnetic one-component non-contact developing method.

Claims (4)

トナー担持体を静電潜像担持体に対して非接触に保持した現像装置に用いられる非磁性一成分現像用トナーであって、結着樹脂、着色剤及び外添剤を含有してなり、前記外添剤として
(a)シランカップリング剤で疎水化処理された、一次粒子の平均粒径が5〜30nmの疎水性ルチル型酸化チタン、
(b)ヘキサメチルジシラザンで疎水化処理された、一次粒子の平均粒径が6〜14nmの疎水性シリカ、及び
(c)シリコーンオイルで疎水化処理された、一次粒子の平均粒径が20〜100nmの疎水性シリカ
を含有してなる非磁性一成分現像用トナー。
Non-magnetic one-component developing toner used in a developing device holding the toner carrier in a non-contact manner with respect to the electrostatic latent image carrier, comprising a binder resin, a colorant and an external additive, (A) hydrophobic rutile-type titanium oxide having an average primary particle size of 5 to 30 nm, which has been subjected to a hydrophobic treatment with a silane coupling agent as the external additive;
(B) hydrophobic silica having an average particle size of primary particles of 6 to 14 nm, which has been subjected to hydrophobic treatment with hexamethyldisilazane; and (c) primary particles having an average particle size of 20 which has been subjected to hydrophobic treatment with silicone oil. A non-magnetic one-component developing toner containing a hydrophobic silica having a thickness of from 100 to 100 nm.
トナー担持体を静電潜像担持体に対して非接触に保持した現像装置に用いられる非磁性一成分現像用トナーであって、結着樹脂、着色剤及び外添剤を含有してなり、前記外添剤として
(a)シランカップリング剤で疎水化処理された、一次粒子の平均粒径が5〜30nmの疎水性ルチル型酸化チタン、
(b)ヘキサメチルジシラザンで疎水化処理された、一次粒子の平均粒径が6〜14nmの疎水性シリカ、及び
(c)シリコーンオイルで疎水化処理された、一次粒子の平均粒径が20〜100nmの疎水性シリカ
を添加してなる非磁性一成分現像用トナー。
Non-magnetic one-component developing toner used in a developing device holding the toner carrier in a non-contact manner with respect to the electrostatic latent image carrier, comprising a binder resin, a colorant and an external additive, (A) hydrophobic rutile-type titanium oxide having an average primary particle size of 5 to 30 nm, which has been subjected to a hydrophobic treatment with a silane coupling agent as the external additive;
(B) hydrophobic silica having an average particle size of primary particles of 6 to 14 nm, which has been subjected to hydrophobic treatment with hexamethyldisilazane; and (c) primary particles having an average particle size of 20 which has been subjected to hydrophobic treatment with silicone oil. A non-magnetic one-component developing toner to which hydrophobic silica having a thickness of 100 nm is added.
シランカップリング剤がイソブチルトリメトキシシランである請求項1又は2記載の非磁性一成分現像用トナー。3. The non-magnetic one-component developing toner according to claim 1, wherein the silane coupling agent is isobutyltrimethoxysilane. トナーの体積中位粒径(D50)が4〜14μm、変動係数が28以下である請求項1〜3いずれか記載の非磁性一成分現像用トナー。The volume median particle diameter of the toner (D 50) is 4~14Myuemu, non-magnetic one-component developing toner according to any one of claims 1 to 3 variation coefficient of 28 or less.
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