JP2004255519A - Super-abrasive grain grinding stone - Google Patents

Super-abrasive grain grinding stone Download PDF

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Publication number
JP2004255519A
JP2004255519A JP2003049046A JP2003049046A JP2004255519A JP 2004255519 A JP2004255519 A JP 2004255519A JP 2003049046 A JP2003049046 A JP 2003049046A JP 2003049046 A JP2003049046 A JP 2003049046A JP 2004255519 A JP2004255519 A JP 2004255519A
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Prior art keywords
metal
abrasive grains
grinding wheel
abrasive
super
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JP2003049046A
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JP4136714B2 (en
Inventor
Yasuaki Inoue
靖章 井上
Naoki Toge
直樹 峠
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Noritake Co Ltd
Noritake Super Abrasive Co Ltd
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Noritake Co Ltd
Noritake Super Abrasive Co Ltd
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Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a super-abrasive grain grinding stone which prevents a wax material used to fix abrasive grains on a base metal from being eluted at cutting, and also prevents metal contamination of a wafer that is a workpiece. <P>SOLUTION: In this super-abrasive grain grinding stone 10, abrasive grains 2 are arranged on a base metal 1 and the abrasive grains 2 are fixed on the base metal 1 by brazing with a wax material 3. A coating layer 4 is formed on the surface of the wax material 3 and the grains 2, the layer 4 being made of more than one metal of rhodium, iridium, ruthenium and platinum. There are regularly formed chip pockets 5 between adjacent grains 2, including a portion where the base material of the metal 1 is exposed with a width in a range of 2/3 to 2.5 times of the diameter of the grain. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2004,JPO&NCIPI

Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明はダイヤモンド、cBNなどの超砥粒を用いた超砥粒研削砥石に関し、特にCMP(Chemical Mechanical Polishing)加工における金属汚染を抑制した超砥粒研削砥石に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
メタル配線CMP加工において、ダイヤモンド砥粒をろう付法により単層に固着した研削砥石が多く用いられ、この研削砥石が、例えば特許文献1に記載されている。この研削砥石によると、CMPパッドのコンディショニング時に、加工能率がよく、かつ安定した加工面状態を得ることができる。しかしながら、ろう付に用いる金属や台金の金属成分がスラリーによって溶出してしまうことがあり、加工物の金属汚染につながることがある。
【0003】
このように、pH2〜3の強酸性スラリーによって、ろう材や台金に含まれるCu、Ni、Feなどの金属成分が溶出することにより、シリコンデバイスに対しコンタミネーションとして影響する。また、ろう付部の表面に微少な凹凸が形成されるため、この凹凸部にスラリーが滞留されやすく金属成分の溶出を早める結果となっている。
【0004】
金属成分の溶出を防止するため、特許文献2のように、砥粒を電着により固着し樹脂コートしたものがある。しかし、樹脂は、加工中に磨耗してしまい金属部分がすぐに露出するため十分な溶出防止効果を期待することができない。
【0005】
また、特許文献3のように、表面にCrN、TiN、SiC、TiAlN、DLCなどをコートしたものがある。しかしながら、この研削砥石では、コート部にピットが多く発生し、この部分からスラリーが侵入し金属溶出につながる。また、CVDなどのように高温で処理される場合、砥粒が熱的ダメージを受け破砕してしまうことが大きな問題点となっている。
【0006】
【特許文献1】
特開2000−343436号公報(段落番号0008〜0017)
【特許文献2】
特開平11−77536号公報(段落番号0003〜0014)
【特許文献3】
特開2001−210613号公報(段落番号0005〜0021)
【0007】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
本発明は、以上の問題点を解決するためになされたもので、超砥粒を台金に一層配列してろう付けした研削砥石において、ろう材表面に耐酸性、耐磨耗性、潤滑性の高い金属をコートすることによって、ろう付に用いる金属の溶出を抑制して、加工物であるウエハの金属汚染を防止することを目的とする。
【0008】
【課題を解決するための手段】
以上の課題を解決するために、本発明の超砥粒研削砥石は、ダイヤモンド、cBNなどの超砥粒を台金に一層規則的に配列してろう付けにより砥粒を保持するとともに、チップポケットを規則的に形成した超砥粒研削砥石において、前記ろう材表面及び前記砥粒表面にロジウム、イリジウム、ルテニウム、白金のうち一種類以上の金属からなるコーティング層を設けたことを特徴とする。
【0009】
ロジウム、イリジウム、ルテニウム、白金の被膜は、耐酸性が極めて高く、スラリーによって溶出しない。また、硬度が高いので、スラリー中の研磨粒子によって生じる機械的な摩耗を抑制することもできる。さらに、ろう材表面の微少な凹凸をなくすことができ、切粉の潤滑性を高めることができる。
従って、コーティング層を設けることにより、ろう材の溶出を防止し、機械的な摩耗を抑制し、切粉の潤滑性を高めることができる。
【0010】
本発明の超砥粒研削砥石は、前記コーティング層を複数層設けたことを特徴とする。
コーティング層を複数層にすることによって、コーティング層の耐酸性や潤滑性をより向上することができる。
【0011】
本発明の超砥粒研削砥石は、前記コーティング層から前記超砥粒を突出させ、その突出量を砥粒の粒径の1/3以上としたことを特徴とする。
砥粒を砥粒の粒径の1/3以上突出させることによって、良好で安定したパッド削れレートが得られる。
突出量が砥粒の粒径の1/3より小さな場合は、削れレートが小さくなると共に加工物表面品位が低下しポリッシュレートを小さくさせるため好ましくない。
【0012】
【発明の実施の形態】
以下、本発明をその実施の形態に基づいて説明する。
図1は、本発明の超砥粒研削砥石の砥粒層の構成を示すものであり、(a)は平面図、(b)はそのA−A線断面図である。
この超砥粒研削砥石10においては、台金1上に砥粒2が配列され、砥粒2はろう材3を用いて台金1にろう付けにより固着されている。ろう材3として、砥粒粒径の1/3倍〜1/2倍の厚さのろう材が用いられている。
ろう材3の表面及び砥粒2の表面の一部には、ロジウム、イリジウム、ルテニウム、白金のうち一種類以上の金属からなるコーティング層4が形成されている。コーティング層4は1層形成してもよく、複数層形成してもよい。
隣り合う砥粒2との間に、砥粒粒径の2/3倍〜2.5倍の幅で台金1の素地を露出させた部分を含むチップポケット5が規則的に形成されている。
【0013】
本実施形態は、CMP加工に用いられるパッドのコンディショナーに本発明を適用した例である。台金1として外径100mm、厚さ5mmのステンレス製台金を用いている。また、砥粒2として平均粒径180μmのダイヤモンド砥粒を用いている。
【0014】
本発明の超砥粒研削砥石10は、例えば、以下の製造方法によって製造することができる。
直径0.2mmの孔を0.6mm間隔で千鳥状に配列したスクリーンを用いて、台金1上に有機接着剤を塗布する。この有機接着剤の上に砥粒2を配置する。この状態で砥粒2が台金1上に0.6mm間隔で千鳥状に配列された状態となる。これを乾燥炉中で120℃、1時間乾燥させて、砥粒2を台金1に仮固定する。
【0015】
次に、三次元移動が可能なアプリケータ(吐出機)を用いて、接着部にろう材3とバインダーの混合物を砥粒粒径の1/2の高さに塗布する。これを非酸化性雰囲気中で1000℃、1時間加熱し、砥粒2を台金1に本固定する。
その後、ろう材3及び砥粒2の表面に無電解めっきにより、ロジウム、イリジウム、ルテニウム、白金などの金属のうち一種類以上のコーティング層4を形成する。このコーティング層4は、図1(b)に示すように、台金1の素地を露出させた部分に設けることもできる。
【0016】
このようにして作製された超砥粒研削砥石(実施例)の仕様を表1に示す。また、この砥石と、砥粒、配列ピッチ、ろう材を同じにして、特許文献1記載の方法によって作製された超砥粒研削砥石(比較例1)、特許文献2記載の方法によって作製された超砥粒研削砥石(比較例2)の仕様も表1に示す。
【0017】
【表1】

Figure 2004255519
【0018】
上記の実施例、比較例1、比較例2について研削試験を行った。
試験条件を以下に示す。
使用機械 パッドコンディショニング装置
研磨パッド IC1000
ドレッサー回転数 100(min−1
テーブル回転数 100(min−1
荷重 45(N)
加工時間 15(Hr)
【0019】
研削試験結果を図2に示す。
図2は、加工時間に対するパッド削れレート指数の推移を図示したものである。
図2からわかるように、実施例の研削砥石は、比較例の研削砥石に比べて、加工時間が経過しても、パッド削れレートの低下が小さく、寿命が大幅に向上した。
また、実施例の研削砥石の砥面には、比較例の研削砥石に比べてパッド切粉やスラリーの付着がなく、ろう材部分の磨耗もみられなかった。
【0020】
次に実施例と比較例1,2を用いてペレットを作成し、メタル配線CMP加工に使用されるpH2〜3のスラリーと過酸化水素水の混合溶液に24Hr浸漬して、金属成分の溶出量を比較した。その結果を、図3に示す。
図3からわかるように、実施例の研削砥石は、各元素ともに溶出量が小さいことが分かった。特にNiの溶出量が顕著に減少した。
【0021】
【発明の効果】
以上説明したように、本発明によると、以下の効果を奏する。
(1)ダイヤモンド、cBNなどの超砥粒を台金に一層規則的に配列してろう付けにより砥粒を保持するとともに、チップポケットを規則的に形成した超砥粒研削砥石において、前記ろう材表面及び前記砥粒表面にロジウム、イリジウム、ルテニウム、白金のうち一種類以上の金属からなるコーティング層を設けたことにより、スラリー中の研磨材によるろう材の磨耗が抑制されるため、寿命が向上する。
【0022】
(2)ろう材表面の潤滑性が高まるため、スラリーの流れと切粉の排出が向上する。これにより、切粉やスラリーの滞留によるマイクロスクラッチの発生を抑制できる。
【0023】
(3)金属膜のCMPにおいて、ろう材の金属成分の溶出が抑制され、ウェハ表面に金属汚染がなくなる。
【0024】
(4)ろう材の金属成分の溶出が抑制されるため、砥粒の保持力が低下せず長期間の使用ができる。
【0025】
(5)コーティング層を複数層にすることによって、コーティング層の耐酸性や潤滑性をより向上することができる。
【0026】
(6)砥粒を砥粒の粒径の1/3以上突出させることによって、良好で安定したパッド削れレートが得られる。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】本発明の超砥粒研削砥石の構成を示すものであり、(a)は平面図、(b)はそのA−A線断面図である。
【図2】加工時間に対するパッド削れレート指数の推移を示す図である。
【図3】ペレットの金属溶出試験の結果を示す図である。
【符号の説明】
1 台金
2 砥粒
3 ろう材
4 コーティング層
5 チップポケット
10 超砥粒研削砥石[0001]
TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a super-abrasive grinding wheel using super-abrasive grains such as diamond and cBN, and more particularly to a super-abrasive grain grinding wheel that suppresses metal contamination in CMP (Chemical Mechanical Polishing) processing.
[0002]
[Prior art]
In metal wiring CMP processing, a grinding wheel in which diamond abrasive grains are fixed to a single layer by a brazing method is often used, and this grinding wheel is described in, for example, Patent Document 1. According to this grinding wheel, a high processing efficiency and a stable processing surface state can be obtained during conditioning of the CMP pad. However, the metal used for brazing or the metal component of the base metal may be eluted by the slurry, which may lead to metal contamination of the workpiece.
[0003]
As described above, the metal components such as Cu, Ni, and Fe contained in the brazing filler metal and the base metal are eluted by the strongly acidic slurry having a pH of 2 to 3, thereby affecting the silicon device as a contamination. In addition, since fine irregularities are formed on the surface of the brazing portion, the slurry tends to stay in the irregularities, and the elution of the metal component is accelerated.
[0004]
In order to prevent metal components from being eluted, there is a method in which abrasive grains are fixed by electrodeposition and resin-coated, as in Patent Document 2. However, the resin is worn during processing and the metal portion is immediately exposed, so that a sufficient elution preventing effect cannot be expected.
[0005]
Further, as disclosed in Patent Document 3, there is one in which the surface is coated with CrN, TiN, SiC, TiAlN, DLC, or the like. However, in this grinding wheel, many pits are generated in the coating portion, and the slurry enters from this portion, leading to metal elution. Further, when the treatment is performed at a high temperature such as CVD, it is a serious problem that the abrasive grains are thermally damaged and crushed.
[0006]
[Patent Document 1]
JP-A-2000-343436 (paragraph numbers 0008 to 0017)
[Patent Document 2]
JP-A-11-77536 (paragraphs 0003 to 0014)
[Patent Document 3]
JP 2001-210613 A (paragraphs 0005 to 0021)
[0007]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
The present invention has been made in order to solve the above problems, and in a grinding wheel in which superabrasive grains are further arranged on a base metal and brazed, acid resistance, abrasion resistance, lubricity An object of the present invention is to prevent the metal contamination of a wafer to be processed by suppressing the elution of a metal used for brazing by coating a metal having a high metal content.
[0008]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, the superabrasive grinding wheel of the present invention has a structure in which superabrasive grains such as diamond and cBN are more regularly arranged on a base metal, and the abrasive grains are held by brazing. Is characterized in that a coating layer made of at least one metal of rhodium, iridium, ruthenium and platinum is provided on the surface of the brazing material and the surface of the abrasive grains.
[0009]
Rhodium, iridium, ruthenium, and platinum films have extremely high acid resistance and do not elute with the slurry. Further, since the hardness is high, it is also possible to suppress mechanical wear caused by abrasive particles in the slurry. Furthermore, fine irregularities on the surface of the brazing material can be eliminated, and the lubricity of the chips can be improved.
Therefore, by providing the coating layer, the elution of the brazing material can be prevented, mechanical wear can be suppressed, and the lubricity of the chips can be improved.
[0010]
The superabrasive grinding wheel of the present invention is characterized in that a plurality of the coating layers are provided.
By providing a plurality of coating layers, the acid resistance and lubricity of the coating layer can be further improved.
[0011]
The superabrasive grinding wheel of the present invention is characterized in that the superabrasive grains are projected from the coating layer, and the amount of the projection is set to 1/3 or more of the grain size of the abrasive grains.
By protruding the abrasive grains at least 1/3 of the grain size of the abrasive grains, a good and stable pad scraping rate can be obtained.
If the amount of protrusion is smaller than 1/3 of the grain size of the abrasive grains, it is not preferable because the shaving rate becomes small and the surface quality of the workpiece lowers to lower the polishing rate.
[0012]
BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
Hereinafter, the present invention will be described based on the embodiments.
1A and 1B show a configuration of an abrasive layer of a superabrasive grinding wheel of the present invention, wherein FIG. 1A is a plan view, and FIG. 1B is a sectional view taken along line AA.
In this superabrasive grinding wheel 10, abrasive grains 2 are arranged on a base metal 1, and the abrasive grains 2 are fixed to the base metal 1 by brazing using a brazing material 3. As the brazing material 3, a brazing material having a thickness of 1/3 to 1/2 times the grain size of the abrasive grains is used.
A coating layer 4 made of at least one metal selected from rhodium, iridium, ruthenium, and platinum is formed on the surface of the brazing material 3 and part of the surface of the abrasive grains 2. The coating layer 4 may be formed as a single layer or a plurality of layers.
Chip pockets 5 are regularly formed between adjacent abrasive grains 2 and have a width of 2/3 to 2.5 times the abrasive grain diameter and including a portion where the base metal 1 is exposed. .
[0013]
The present embodiment is an example in which the present invention is applied to a pad conditioner used for CMP processing. As the base 1, a stainless steel base having an outer diameter of 100 mm and a thickness of 5 mm is used. In addition, diamond abrasive grains having an average particle diameter of 180 μm are used as the abrasive grains 2.
[0014]
The superabrasive grinding wheel 10 of the present invention can be manufactured, for example, by the following manufacturing method.
An organic adhesive is applied onto the base metal 1 using a screen in which holes having a diameter of 0.2 mm are arranged in a zigzag pattern at 0.6 mm intervals. The abrasive grains 2 are arranged on the organic adhesive. In this state, the abrasive grains 2 are arranged in a zigzag pattern on the base metal 1 at 0.6 mm intervals. This is dried in a drying furnace at 120 ° C. for one hour, and the abrasive grains 2 are temporarily fixed to the base metal 1.
[0015]
Next, using an applicator (discharger) capable of three-dimensional movement, a mixture of the brazing material 3 and the binder is applied to the bonding portion at a height of half the abrasive particle diameter. This is heated in a non-oxidizing atmosphere at 1000 ° C. for 1 hour, and the abrasive grains 2 are permanently fixed to the base metal 1.
Thereafter, one or more kinds of coating layers 4 of metals such as rhodium, iridium, ruthenium and platinum are formed on the surfaces of the brazing material 3 and the abrasive grains 2 by electroless plating. As shown in FIG. 1B, the coating layer 4 can be provided on a portion of the base 1 where the base material is exposed.
[0016]
Table 1 shows the specifications of the superabrasive grinding wheel (Example) thus manufactured. A superabrasive grain grinding wheel (Comparative Example 1) manufactured by the method described in Patent Document 1 and a method described in Patent Document 2 were manufactured using the same grinding wheel, abrasive grains, arrangement pitch, and brazing material. Table 1 also shows the specifications of the superabrasive grinding wheel (Comparative Example 2).
[0017]
[Table 1]
Figure 2004255519
[0018]
Grinding tests were performed on the above Examples, Comparative Examples 1 and 2.
The test conditions are shown below.
Machine used Pad conditioning device Polishing pad IC1000
Dresser rotation speed 100 (min -1 )
Table rotation speed 100 (min -1 )
Load 45 (N)
Processing time 15 (Hr)
[0019]
FIG. 2 shows the results of the grinding test.
FIG. 2 illustrates the transition of the pad scraping rate index with respect to the machining time.
As can be seen from FIG. 2, the grinding wheel of the example showed a small reduction in the pad scraping rate even after the processing time passed, and the life was greatly improved, as compared with the grinding wheel of the comparative example.
The grinding surface of the grinding wheel of the example did not have any pad chips or slurry adhered to the grinding wheel of the comparative example, and no abrasion of the brazing material portion was observed.
[0020]
Next, pellets were prepared using Examples and Comparative Examples 1 and 2, and immersed in a mixed solution of a slurry having a pH of 2 to 3 and a hydrogen peroxide solution used for metal wiring CMP processing for 24 hours to elute the metal components. Were compared. The result is shown in FIG.
As can be seen from FIG. 3, it was found that the grinding wheel of the example had a small amount of elution for each element. In particular, the amount of Ni eluted significantly decreased.
[0021]
【The invention's effect】
As described above, the present invention has the following effects.
(1) A super-abrasive grinding wheel in which super-abrasive grains such as diamond and cBN are more regularly arranged on a base metal to hold the abrasive grains by brazing, and that chip pockets are regularly formed. By providing a coating layer made of at least one metal of rhodium, iridium, ruthenium, and platinum on the surface and the surface of the abrasive grains, the wear of the brazing material by the abrasive in the slurry is suppressed, and the life is improved. I do.
[0022]
(2) Since the lubricity of the brazing filler metal surface is enhanced, the flow of the slurry and the discharge of chips are improved. Thereby, it is possible to suppress the generation of micro-scratch due to stagnation of chips and slurry.
[0023]
(3) In CMP of the metal film, elution of the metal component of the brazing material is suppressed, and metal contamination on the wafer surface is eliminated.
[0024]
(4) Since the elution of the metal component of the brazing material is suppressed, the holding power of the abrasive grains does not decrease, and it can be used for a long time.
[0025]
(5) By providing a plurality of coating layers, the acid resistance and lubricity of the coating layer can be further improved.
[0026]
(6) A good and stable pad scraping rate can be obtained by projecting the abrasive grains at least 1/3 of the grain diameter of the abrasive grains.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIGS. 1A and 1B show the configuration of a superabrasive grinding wheel of the present invention, wherein FIG. 1A is a plan view and FIG.
FIG. 2 is a diagram showing a transition of a pad scraping rate index with respect to a machining time.
FIG. 3 is a diagram showing the results of a metal dissolution test of pellets.
[Explanation of symbols]
1 Base metal 2 Abrasive grain 3 Brazing material 4 Coating layer 5 Tip pocket 10 Super abrasive grain grinding wheel

Claims (3)

ダイヤモンド、cBNなどの超砥粒を台金に一層規則的に配列してろう付けにより砥粒を保持するとともに、チップポケットを規則的に形成した超砥粒研削砥石において、前記ろう材表面及び前記砥粒表面にロジウム、イリジウム、ルテニウム、白金のうち一種類以上の金属からなるコーティング層を設けたことを特徴とする超砥粒研削砥石。A super-abrasive grain such as diamond or cBN is more regularly arranged on a base metal to hold the abrasive grains by brazing, and a super-abrasive grain grinding wheel in which chip pockets are regularly formed. A superabrasive grinding wheel characterized in that a coating layer made of at least one of rhodium, iridium, ruthenium and platinum is provided on the surface of the abrasive grains. 前記コーティング層を複数層設けたことを特徴とする請求項1記載の超砥粒研削砥石。The superabrasive grinding wheel according to claim 1, wherein a plurality of the coating layers are provided. 前記コーティング層から前記超砥粒を突出させ、その突出量を砥粒の粒径の1/3以上としたことを特徴とする請求項1または2に記載の超砥粒研削砥石。3. The superabrasive grinding wheel according to claim 1, wherein the superabrasive grains are protruded from the coating layer, and the protruding amount is set to be equal to or more than の of a particle diameter of the abrasive grains. 4.
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WO2007125152A1 (en) * 2006-04-28 2007-11-08 Metso Paper, Inc. Device and method for defibration of wood
WO2011042931A1 (en) * 2009-10-06 2011-04-14 ジャパンファインスチール株式会社 Fixed abrasive grain wire, process for producing the fixed abrasive grain wire, and abrasive grains for use in fixed abrasive grain wire

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JP2000343436A (en) * 1999-05-28 2000-12-12 Noritake Diamond Ind Co Ltd Grinding wheel and manufacture thereof
JP2001252873A (en) * 2000-02-10 2001-09-18 Ehwa Diamond Ind Co Ltd Tool for polishing dressing, and method of manufacturing the same

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JP2000106353A (en) * 1998-07-31 2000-04-11 Nippon Steel Corp Dresser for polishing cloth for semiconductor substrate
JP2000343436A (en) * 1999-05-28 2000-12-12 Noritake Diamond Ind Co Ltd Grinding wheel and manufacture thereof
JP2001252873A (en) * 2000-02-10 2001-09-18 Ehwa Diamond Ind Co Ltd Tool for polishing dressing, and method of manufacturing the same

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2007125152A1 (en) * 2006-04-28 2007-11-08 Metso Paper, Inc. Device and method for defibration of wood
US8172165B2 (en) 2006-04-28 2012-05-08 Metso Paper, Inc. Device and method for defibration of wood
CN101517159B (en) * 2006-04-28 2012-09-05 美特索造纸公司 Wood fiber separation device and method thereof
RU2530834C2 (en) * 2006-04-28 2014-10-20 Валмет Текнолоджиз, Инк Device and method for wood separation
WO2011042931A1 (en) * 2009-10-06 2011-04-14 ジャパンファインスチール株式会社 Fixed abrasive grain wire, process for producing the fixed abrasive grain wire, and abrasive grains for use in fixed abrasive grain wire
CN102574275A (en) * 2009-10-06 2012-07-11 日本精细钢铁株式会社 Fixed abrasive grain wire, process for producing the fixed abrasive grain wire, and abrasive grains for use in fixed abrasive grain wire

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