JP2004250245A - Organically modified layered clay mineral and rubber composition containing the same - Google Patents

Organically modified layered clay mineral and rubber composition containing the same Download PDF

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Publication number
JP2004250245A
JP2004250245A JP2003039537A JP2003039537A JP2004250245A JP 2004250245 A JP2004250245 A JP 2004250245A JP 2003039537 A JP2003039537 A JP 2003039537A JP 2003039537 A JP2003039537 A JP 2003039537A JP 2004250245 A JP2004250245 A JP 2004250245A
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Japan
Prior art keywords
clay mineral
layered clay
rubber
group
rubber composition
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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JP2003039537A
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Japanese (ja)
Inventor
Katsuhiro Igawa
勝弘 井川
Tsukasa Maruyama
司 丸山
Kazunori Ishikawa
和憲 石川
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Yokohama Rubber Co Ltd
Original Assignee
Yokohama Rubber Co Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Yokohama Rubber Co Ltd filed Critical Yokohama Rubber Co Ltd
Priority to JP2003039537A priority Critical patent/JP2004250245A/en
Publication of JP2004250245A publication Critical patent/JP2004250245A/en
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Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a thiol-group-containing organically modified layered clay mineral and to provide a rubber composition formed from a well-microdispersed rubber/clay nanocomposite material containing the same. <P>SOLUTION: The organically modified layered clay mineral is obtained by ionically bonding an organic compound having an ammonium group and a thiol group in the molecule. The rubber composition contains the same. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2004,JPO&NCIPI

Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、有機化された層状粘土鉱物およびこれを含むゴム組成物に関し、更に詳細には、チオール基を有する有機化された層状粘土鉱物、並びにこれを配合した良好に微分散されたゴム/粘土ナノ複合体から形成されるゴム組成物に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
特公平6−84456号公報には、ゴム中に層状粘土鉱物の層状シートを分散させたゴム組成物が報告されている。また、特開平10−81785号公報には、有機化処理粘土とゴムとをゴム用プロセスオイルを用いて混練りすることにより粘土をゴム中に均一分散させることも報告されている。更に、特開平11−92677号公報には、有機化処理したクレーをゴム等の変性ポリマーに混合することにより、当該有機化クレーを変性ポリマー中に均一に微分散させて物性改善を図ることが報告されている。しかしながら、一般的な長鎖アルキル基を有する有機化クレーでは、これをゴム中に微分散させることが技術的に困難であった。
【0003】
【特許文献1】
特公平6−84456号公報
【特許文献2】
特開平10−81785号公報
【特許文献3】
特開平11−92677号公報
【0004】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
本発明では、チオール基を有する有機化された層状粘土鉱物、および当該有機化処理された層状粘土鉱物の層状シートがゴム中に均一に微分散されたゴム/粘土ナノ複合体からなるゴム組成物を得ることを目的とする。
【0005】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明によれば、1分子中にアンモニウム基およびチオール基を有する有機化合物がイオン結合することにより有機化された層状粘土鉱物が提供される。
【0006】
また、本発明によれば、ゴムと、1分子中にアンモニウム基およびチオール基を有する有機化合物がイオン結合することにより有機化された層状粘土鉱物とからなるゴム組成物が提供される。特に、本発明では、チオール基を有する有機化処理された層状粘土鉱物のチオール基と、マトリクスゴムの二重結合部位とを共有結合により化学結合させることによって、当該層状粘土鉱物の層間を剥離させ、ゴム中に微分散させることが重要な要件である。
【0007】
【発明の実施の形態】
一般的な長鎖アルキル基にて有機化処理した粘土鉱物では、長鎖アルキル基により疎水性を高めることによってゴム混合時の剪断力によりゴムへの分散を図っていたが、それだけでは分散性が不充分であった。これに対し、本発明では、上記チオール基を有する有機化処理された層状粘土鉱物は、ゴムとの混合時に、ゴム中の二重結合部位とそのチオール基との間に反応が一部起こり、それによりゴムへのナノレベルでの微分散が可能となることを見出したものである。
【0008】
本発明の1分子中にアンモニウム基およびチオール基を有する有機化合物がイオン結合することにより有機化された層状粘土鉱物は、先ず、1分子中にアンモニウム基およびアミノ基を有する有機化合物(第1次有機化処理剤)と層状粘土鉱物を、例えば、特開2001−164134号公報に記載の公知方法にしたがって処理することによって有機化処理された層状粘土鉱物を得、次いで、この層状粘土鉱物間に取り込まれた有機化処理剤のアミノ基とチイラン化合物(第2次有機化処理剤)のチイラン基とを反応させることによって得ることができる。
【0009】
本発明で有効に用いられる第1次有機処理剤としての1分子中にアンモニウム基およびアミノ基を有する有機化合物は、特に、塩基性の異なるN原子を複数個有する化合物、好ましくは塩基性の異なる2個のN原子を有する化合物に塩酸を反応させることにより、比較的純度よく製造することができる。例えば、1級および2級アミノ基(または、1級および3級アミノ基、2級および3級アミノ基)を有する有機化合物を一方だけアンモニウム化することにより得られる。具体的には、下式(1):
【化2】

Figure 2004250245
式中、Rは、炭素数2〜30の有機基であり、Rは、水素原子または炭素数2〜30の有機基であり、そして、Rは、炭素数2〜18のヘテロ原子を含んでもよいアルキレン基である。
で表わされる有機化合物に、例えば塩酸を0.8〜1.2モル、室温〜80℃の温度で水またはイソプロピルアルコール、あるいはこれらの混合溶媒中で反応させることにより得られる。あるいは、ジアミンにハロゲン化アルキルを反応させることにより得られる。
また、上記有機処理剤としては、アミノピリジンから誘導される1分子中にピリジニウム基およびアミノ基を有する有機化合物も例示される。
【0010】
また、本発明で有効に用いられる第2次有機処理剤としてのチイラン化合物としては、エポキシ基含有化合物が有するオキシラン環の全部または一部をチイラン環に置換してなる化合物で、例えば、以下の化学式で示されるチイラン化合物が挙げられる。
【化3】
Figure 2004250245
【0011】
【化4】
Figure 2004250245
【0012】
【化5】
Figure 2004250245
【0013】
【化6】
Figure 2004250245
式中、2個以上のYの少なくとも一つがチイラン基であり、残りのYはオキシラン基である。また、2個のZの少なくとも一つが硫黄原子であり、残りのZは酸素原子である。
【0014】
本発明で有機化される前記層状粘土鉱物には、モンモリロナイト、サポナイト、ハイデライト、ノントライト、ヘクトライト、スティブンサイト等のスメクタイト系や、バーミキュライト、ハロイサイト等があり、天然または合成の当該粘度鉱物のいずれも使用することができる。また、本発明では、これら層状粘土鉱物の一種あるいは二種以上が使用されてもよい。これらの層状粘土鉱物の陽イオン交換量は、10〜300ミリ当量/100gのものが好ましい。
【0015】
本発明のゴム組成物には、ゴム100重量部に対して当該有機化処理された層状粘土鉱物を1〜50重量部配合することが所望の効果を達成する上で好ましい。この配合量が1重量部未満では、ゴム組成物に対する補強性が小さく、所望の物性が得られなく、また、50重量部を超えるときは、ゴム組成物の力学特性が低下すると共に粘度の上昇により加工性が悪くなるので好ましくない。
【0016】
ゴムとしては、分子内に2重結合を有する天然ゴム、イソプレンゴム、ブタジエンゴム、スチレン−ブタジエン共重合体ゴム、クロロプレンゴム、ニトリルゴム、ブチルゴム等が用いられ、全部もしくは一部がこれらゴムから選ばれることが好ましい。
【0017】
本発明のゴム組成物には、上記必須成分に加えて、さらに、カーボンブラックやシリカ等の補強剤、加硫または架橋剤、加硫または架橋促進剤、各種オイル、老化防止剤、充填剤、軟化剤、可塑剤、シランカップリング剤等の一般のゴム組成物に配合される各種配合剤および添加剤を配合することができ、これら配合剤、添加剤の配合量もその用途に適した一般的な量とすることができる。
【0018】
【実施例】
以下、実施例および比較例によって本発明を更に説明するが、本発明の範囲をこれらの実施例に限定するものではないことは言うまでもない。
【0019】
有機化クレー1の調製
ジアルキル(C14〜C18)アミン(花王製、ファーミンD86)232.5gと35%塩酸水溶液49.6gをイソプロパノ−ル500mL中で、90℃下で反応させた懸濁液を、予め、水15Lに分散させた層状粘土鉱物Na型モンモリロナイト(クニミネ工業製、クニピアF)400gに、90℃下で加え、同温度で12時間攪拌することにより層状粘土鉱物の有機化処理を行なった。得られた沈殿物を濾過、温水洗浄、乾燥することによって有機化クレー1を得た。
【0020】
有機化クレー2の調製
ジステアリルアミンの代わりに、アルキル(硬化牛脂)プロピレンジアミン(日本油脂製、アスファゾール#10)159.7gと35%塩酸水溶液49.6gをイソプロパノール500mL中で55℃下で反応した懸濁液を使用した以外は有機クレー1と同じ方法で調製した。
【0021】
有機化クレー3の調製
上記有機化クレー2;110g(0.1当量)とビスF型チイラン化合物(50%変性物)35.2g(0.1当量)とをトルエン500mL中で室温下、一晩攪拌し反応させた。その後、減圧によりトルエンを除き、有機化クレー3を得た。
【0022】
実施例1〜2および比較例1〜4
実験室ニーダー機にて、以下の表1に示す硫黄、加硫促進剤を除いた配合物を、90℃、60回転/分にて9分間混合した。その後、前記加硫系配合剤をオープンロールで加えた後、天然ゴム系は148℃×20分加硫し、SBR系は160℃×20分加硫し、2mm厚のシートを得た。このゴムシートをサンプルとして用い、以下の試験法により測定、評価した。
【0023】
試験法
1)分散性:理学電機製RINT2000X線装置を用いて、X線回折を40kV、60mAで行った。2θ=2〜10°にて層状のクレーに由来するピークが見られる場合を×、殆ど見られない場合を○、その中間を△とした。
2)引張試験:JIS K6251に準拠して、3号形ダンベルにてシートを打抜き、500mm/分の引張速度で引張試験し、M100、M300、TおよびEを測定した。
【0024】
結果を、表1に示す。
【表1】
Figure 2004250245
【0025】
【発明の効果】
以上のように、本発明の実施例によれば、有効に層状粘土鉱物の層間が剥離し、微分散されたゴム/粘土ナノ複合体が得られていることが分る。更に、有機化クレーの分散性向上により、加硫ゴムの引張特性が向上している。[0001]
TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to an organically modified layered clay mineral and a rubber composition containing the same, and more particularly, to an organically modified layered clay mineral having a thiol group, and a finely dispersed rubber containing the same. The present invention relates to a rubber composition formed from a clay nanocomposite.
[0002]
[Prior art]
JP-B-6-84456 reports a rubber composition in which a layered sheet of a layered clay mineral is dispersed in rubber. JP-A-10-81785 also reports that the clay is uniformly dispersed in the rubber by kneading the organically treated clay and the rubber using a process oil for rubber. Further, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 11-92677 discloses that the organically modified clay is mixed with a modified polymer such as rubber to uniformly disperse the organically modified clay in the modified polymer to improve the physical properties. It has been reported. However, it is technically difficult to finely disperse the organic clay having a general long-chain alkyl group in rubber.
[0003]
[Patent Document 1]
Japanese Patent Publication No. 6-84456 [Patent Document 2]
JP-A-10-81785 [Patent Document 3]
JP-A-11-92677
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
In the present invention, a rubber composition comprising an organically modified layered clay mineral having a thiol group and a rubber / clay nanocomposite in which a layered sheet of the organically treated layered clay mineral is uniformly finely dispersed in rubber The purpose is to obtain.
[0005]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
According to the present invention, there is provided a layered clay mineral which is organically formed by ionic bonding of an organic compound having an ammonium group and a thiol group in one molecule.
[0006]
Further, according to the present invention, there is provided a rubber composition comprising a rubber and a layered clay mineral which is organically formed by ionic bonding of an organic compound having an ammonium group and a thiol group in one molecule. In particular, in the present invention, the thiol group of the organically treated layered clay mineral having a thiol group and the double bond site of the matrix rubber are chemically bonded by a covalent bond, thereby separating the layers of the layered clay mineral. An important requirement is that it be finely dispersed in rubber.
[0007]
BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
In general, clay minerals that have been organically treated with long-chain alkyl groups are dispersed in rubber by shearing force during rubber mixing by increasing hydrophobicity with long-chain alkyl groups. It was not enough. On the other hand, in the present invention, the organically treated layered clay mineral having a thiol group, when mixed with rubber, partially reacts between the double bond site in the rubber and the thiol group, It has been found that this enables fine dispersion at the nano level in rubber.
[0008]
The layered clay mineral of the present invention, which has been organically formed by ionic bonding of an organic compound having an ammonium group and a thiol group in one molecule, is firstly an organic compound having an ammonium group and an amino group in one molecule (first order). (Organization treatment agent) and the layered clay mineral are processed according to a known method described in, for example, JP-A-2001-164134 to obtain an organically-processed layered clay mineral. It can be obtained by reacting the amino group of the incorporated organic treatment agent with the thiirane group of the thiirane compound (secondary organic treatment agent).
[0009]
The organic compound having an ammonium group and an amino group in one molecule as the primary organic treating agent effectively used in the present invention is, in particular, a compound having a plurality of N atoms having different basicities, preferably having different basicities. By reacting a compound having two N atoms with hydrochloric acid, the compound can be produced with relatively high purity. For example, it can be obtained by ammonium-forming only one of organic compounds having primary and secondary amino groups (or primary and tertiary amino groups, secondary and tertiary amino groups). Specifically, the following equation (1):
Embedded image
Figure 2004250245
In the formula, R 1 is an organic group having 2 to 30 carbon atoms, R 2 is a hydrogen atom or an organic group having 2 to 30 carbon atoms, and R 3 is a heteroatom having 2 to 18 carbon atoms. Is an alkylene group which may contain
Can be obtained by reacting, for example, hydrochloric acid with water at 0.8 to 1.2 mol at a temperature of room temperature to 80 ° C. in water or isopropyl alcohol, or a mixed solvent thereof. Alternatively, it is obtained by reacting an alkyl halide with a diamine.
Examples of the organic treating agent include an organic compound having a pyridinium group and an amino group in one molecule derived from aminopyridine.
[0010]
Further, the thiirane compound as the secondary organic treatment agent effectively used in the present invention is a compound obtained by substituting all or a part of the oxirane ring of the epoxy group-containing compound with a thiirane ring. And a thiirane compound represented by a chemical formula.
Embedded image
Figure 2004250245
[0011]
Embedded image
Figure 2004250245
[0012]
Embedded image
Figure 2004250245
[0013]
Embedded image
Figure 2004250245
In the formula, at least one of two or more Y is a thiirane group, and the remaining Y is an oxirane group. Further, at least one of the two Zs is a sulfur atom, and the remaining Zs are oxygen atoms.
[0014]
Examples of the layered clay mineral to be organicized in the present invention include montmorillonite, saponite, hyderite, nontrite, hectorite, smectites such as stevensite, vermiculite, halloysite, and the like, and natural or synthetic viscous minerals. Either can be used. In the present invention, one or more of these layered clay minerals may be used. The cation exchange amount of these layered clay minerals is preferably 10 to 300 meq / 100 g.
[0015]
It is preferable to mix 1 to 50 parts by weight of the organically treated layered clay mineral with 100 parts by weight of the rubber in the rubber composition of the present invention in order to achieve a desired effect. When the amount is less than 1 part by weight, the reinforcing property to the rubber composition is small, and desired physical properties cannot be obtained. When the amount exceeds 50 parts by weight, the mechanical properties of the rubber composition decrease and the viscosity increases. This is not preferred because the processability deteriorates.
[0016]
As the rubber, natural rubber having a double bond in a molecule, isoprene rubber, butadiene rubber, styrene-butadiene copolymer rubber, chloroprene rubber, nitrile rubber, butyl rubber and the like are used, and all or a part thereof is selected from these rubbers. Preferably.
[0017]
In the rubber composition of the present invention, in addition to the above essential components, further, a reinforcing agent such as carbon black or silica, a vulcanization or crosslinking agent, a vulcanization or crosslinking accelerator, various oils, an antioxidant, a filler, Various compounding agents and additives to be compounded in general rubber compositions such as softeners, plasticizers, silane coupling agents and the like can be compounded, and the compounding amounts of these compounding agents and additives are also suitable for the application. Amount.
[0018]
【Example】
Hereinafter, the present invention will be further described with reference to Examples and Comparative Examples, but it is needless to say that the scope of the present invention is not limited to these Examples.
[0019]
Preparation of Organized Clay 1 232.5 g of dialkyl (C 14 -C 18 ) amine (manufactured by Kao, Farmin D86) and 49.6 g of 35% hydrochloric acid aqueous solution were reacted at 90 ° C. in 500 mL of isopropanol at 90 ° C. The resulting suspension was added at 90 ° C. to 400 g of the layered clay mineral Na-type montmorillonite (Kunimine Kogyo Co., Kunipia F) previously dispersed in 15 L of water, and stirred at the same temperature for 12 hours to obtain a layered clay mineral. Was subjected to an organic treatment. The obtained precipitate was filtered, washed with warm water, and dried to obtain Organized Clay 1.
[0020]
Preparation of Organized Clay 2 Instead of distearylamine, 159.7 g of alkyl (hardened tallow) propylene diamine (manufactured by NOF Corporation, asphasol # 10) and 49.6 g of a 35% hydrochloric acid aqueous solution in 500 mL of isopropanol were used. It was prepared in the same manner as Organoclay 1 except that the suspension reacted at 55 ° C was used.
[0021]
Preparation of Organized Clay 3 110 g (0.1 equivalent) of the above-mentioned organized clay 2 and 35.2 g (0.1 equivalent) of bisF-type thiirane compound (50% modified product) in 500 mL of toluene The reaction was stirred overnight at room temperature. Thereafter, the toluene was removed under reduced pressure to obtain an organized clay 3.
[0022]
Examples 1-2 and Comparative Examples 1-4
In a laboratory kneader, the components shown in Table 1 below except for the sulfur and the vulcanization accelerator were mixed at 90 ° C. and 60 rpm for 9 minutes. Thereafter, the vulcanizing compound was added by an open roll, and then the natural rubber was vulcanized at 148 ° C. for 20 minutes, and the SBR was vulcanized at 160 ° C. for 20 minutes to obtain a 2 mm thick sheet. Using this rubber sheet as a sample, measurement and evaluation were performed by the following test methods.
[0023]
Test Method 1) Dispersibility: X-ray diffraction was performed at 40 kV and 60 mA using a RINT2000 X-ray apparatus manufactured by Rigaku Corporation. When 2θ = 2 to 10 °, a case where a peak derived from a layered clay was observed was evaluated as X, a case where almost no peak was observed was evaluated as O, and an intermediate between them was evaluated as Δ.
2) Tensile Test: in conformity with JIS K6251, punched sheet in No. 3 dumbbell, and tensile test at a pulling rate of 500 mm / min, to measure the M100, M300, T B and E B.
[0024]
Table 1 shows the results.
[Table 1]
Figure 2004250245
[0025]
【The invention's effect】
As described above, according to the example of the present invention, it can be seen that the interlayer of the layered clay mineral was effectively separated, and a finely dispersed rubber / clay nanocomposite was obtained. Further, the tensile properties of the vulcanized rubber are improved due to the improved dispersibility of the organic clay.

Claims (3)

1分子中にアンモニウム基およびチオール基を有する有機化合物がイオン結合することにより有機化された層状粘土鉱物。A layered clay mineral organically formed by ionic bonding of an organic compound having an ammonium group and a thiol group in one molecule. 前記有機化合物が下記式(1)で示されるジアミンのモノアンモニウム化合物とチイラン化合物の反応物である、請求項1に記載の層状粘土鉱物。
Figure 2004250245
式中、Rは、炭素数2〜30の有機基であり、Rは、水素原子または炭素数2〜30の有機基であり、そして、Rは、炭素数2〜18のヘテロ原子を含んでもよいアルキレン基である。
The layered clay mineral according to claim 1, wherein the organic compound is a reaction product of a monoammonium compound of a diamine represented by the following formula (1) and a thiirane compound.
Figure 2004250245
In the formula, R 1 is an organic group having 2 to 30 carbon atoms, R 2 is a hydrogen atom or an organic group having 2 to 30 carbon atoms, and R 3 is a heteroatom having 2 to 18 carbon atoms. Is an alkylene group which may contain
請求項1または2に記載の層状粘土鉱物を含むゴム組成物。A rubber composition comprising the layered clay mineral according to claim 1.
JP2003039537A 2003-02-18 2003-02-18 Organically modified layered clay mineral and rubber composition containing the same Pending JP2004250245A (en)

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2012167217A (en) * 2011-02-15 2012-09-06 Inoac Gijutsu Kenkyusho:Kk Rubber composition for tread, and tire

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2012167217A (en) * 2011-02-15 2012-09-06 Inoac Gijutsu Kenkyusho:Kk Rubber composition for tread, and tire

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