JP2004242535A - Herb-containing quality improving agent for poultry egg - Google Patents
Herb-containing quality improving agent for poultry egg Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Description
【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
この発明は、家禽の卵の品質改善剤に関する。さらに詳しくは、この発明は、シソ科のハーブから選択される少なくとも1種を有効成分として含有することからなる家禽の卵中の肉斑及び/又は血斑を低減させる卵の品質改善剤、及び該改善剤を添加してなる家禽用の飼料等、それらを使用することからなる卵の製造方法、該方法によって得られた卵及びその卵を含む食品に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術および発明が解決しようとする課題】
食用に供される家禽の卵では、時に、その卵白や卵黄に、肉斑や血斑が見られる。
肉斑は卵白に混在する白色あるいは赤褐色の肉様物質、血斑は血液が卵黄表面に付着したもので、鶏卵の場合、これらは白色卵より着色卵で多く見られる。肉斑の発生頻度は、遺伝的要因が大きいことが分かっている。
これら肉斑や血斑は栄養学的に問題のあるものではないが、見た目が悪く、消費者に好まれない。
【0003】
このため、肉斑や血斑の発生防止を目的として、トマトミール(非特許文献1)や天然のゼオライト(非特許文献2)を飼料に添加する方法が提案されている。しかし、これらの方法はいずれも生産地域が偏っており、日本では供給に難がある。
さらに、血斑の予防対策として止血ビタミン(ビタミンK)の多い草類やビタミンKの飼料への添加等が検討されてきたが、それらの効果は明確ではない。唯一、ビタミンAの高濃度添加が有効であるが、コスト高となり、経済性が劣る。
したがって、肉斑及び/又は血斑の発生を確実に防止し得る方法を見出す必要があった。
【0004】
【非特許文献1】A.L.Yannakopoulosら、Animal Feed Science and Technology, 1992, 36, 53−57
【非特許文献2】A.S.Tserveni−Gousiら、Arch.Geflugelk., 1997, 61(6), 291−296
【0005】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明者は、鋭意研究を行った結果、シソ科のハーブを配合した飼料を与えた産卵鶏から生産される鶏卵は、肉斑及び/又は血斑の発生を大幅に減少することを見出し、本発明を完成するに至った。
したがって、本発明によれば、シソ科のハーブから選択される少なくとも1種を有効成分として含有することからなる家禽の卵中の肉斑及び/又は血斑を低減させる卵の品質改善剤、及び該改善剤を添加してなる家禽用の飼料等、それらを使用することからなる卵の製造方法、該方法によって得られた卵及びその卵を含む食品が提供される。
【0006】
【発明の実施の形態】
シソ科のハーブとは、香辛料などの成分を含むシソ科に属する植物を意味し、具体的には、オレガノ、キャットニップ、セイボリー、セージ、タイム、バジル、ヒソップ、ベルガモット、マジョラム、ミント、ラベンダー、レモンバーム、ローズマリーなどを挙げることができる。これらのうち、オレガノが特に好ましい。
これらのハーブは、1種又は任意の2種以上であってもよく、その種類によって、茎、葉、根、花、種子などの部分が適宜用いられ、例えばオレガノでは茎、葉及び花が用いられる。
【0007】
また、ハーブは、ハーブの抽出物またはその粉砕物の形態であることが好ましい。
例えば、ハーブの粉砕物には、当該分野で公知の方法により、適当な大きさに切断もしくは粉砕したもの、あるいはこれらの乾燥物が含まれる。これらの粉砕物は、ハーブを主成分とするものであれば、ハーブ以外の植物などの粉砕物を含んでいてもよい。
ハーブの抽出物は、自然な形態のハーブ、乾燥したハーブ、または上記のようなハーブの粉砕物を用いて水蒸気蒸留法、溶剤抽出法など当該分野で公知の方法により得ることができる。
【0008】
具体的には、水蒸気蒸留法では、ハーブを水とともに蒸煮するか、水蒸気をハーブに吹き込み、水蒸気と共沸する成分を分取し、冷却後、油層を分画することにより、油状のハーブ抽出物を得ることができる。
また、溶剤抽出法では、エタノール、ヘキサンなどの溶剤をハーブに加え、抽出後、溶剤を除去して、オレオレジンのようなハーブ抽出物を得ることができる。
ハーブ抽出物を効率的に得るには、例えば1〜2cm程度に細断した未乾燥のハーブを用いることが好ましい。また、ハーブ抽出物を精油として得る場合には、水蒸気蒸留法による抽出処理が好ましい。抽出物を精製する場合には、さらに遠心分離やろ過、減圧濃縮、蒸留などに付してもよい。
【0009】
ハーブ抽出物は、上記のように天然のハーブから得られるもののみならず、当該分野で公知の方法により得られる合成品であってもよい。
本発明者の行った試験によれば、オレガノの精油を飼料と混合して1〜3週間ほど産卵鶏に与えることによって、肉斑及び血斑の数が著しく減少した卵を得ることができる。
したがって、シソ科のハーブは、それ自体で、または当該分野で公知の固体又は液体の賦形剤とともに用いて、家禽の卵中の肉斑及び/又は血斑を低減させる卵の品質改善剤とすることができる。
【0010】
固体の賦形剤としては、例えば、米ぬか、乳糖、ショ糖、ブドウ糖、コーンスターチ、ゼラチン、澱粉などが挙げられる。また、液体の賦形剤としては、例えば水、グリセリン、植物油、ソルビトールなどが挙げられる。
本発明による卵の品質改善剤は、所望により、抗菌剤、防カビ剤、駆虫剤、抗酸化剤、色素、着香料、呈味料、酵素のような通常の添加剤と混合されていてもよく、常法により、粉剤、顆粒剤、液剤、錠剤等の形態に製剤化することができる。
【0011】
これらの製剤は、それ自体を家禽に投与するか、または家禽の摂取する飼料または飲料水に添加して用いることができるが、好ましくは家禽用の飼料または飲料水に添加して用いられる。その際の添加量は、精油の形態では通常0.0001〜0.1%、好ましくは0.0005〜0.01%の範囲で用いられ、乾燥物自体あるいは粉砕物の形態では通常0.005〜5重量%、好ましくは0.025〜0.5重量%の範囲で用いられる。
また、ハーブは、対象とする家禽の種類および体重などにもよるが、例えば精油の形態では通常一日当たり0.05〜50mg/kg体重、好ましくは0.25〜5 mg/kg体重を家禽に与えることにより、卵中の肉斑及び/又は血斑を低減させることができる。
【0012】
飼料または飲料水は一般に使用されているものであればよく、特に限定されない。飼料の一例としては、とうもろこし、マイロ、キャッサバ、米、麦などの穀類、米ぬか、ふすまなどの糟糠類、大豆油かす、コーングルテンミール、なたね油かすなどの植物性油かす類、魚粉、肉骨粉、フェザーミールなどの動物性飼料、動物性又は植物性の油脂、炭酸カルシウム、リン酸カルシウム、食塩、各種ビタミン類、ミネラル類、アミノ酸類、その他の飼料添加物などを適宜混合して調製した飼料が挙げられる。
この発明は、さらに前記の卵の品質改善剤及び/又は該剤を添加した家禽用飼料または飲料水を家禽に与えることからなる、肉斑及び/又は血斑が低減した卵の生産方法を提供する。
【0013】
この方法が適用される家禽は、その卵が食用に利用される通常の家禽であり、具体的には鶏、うずら、アヒル、ほろほろちょう、七面鳥などが挙げられ、特に鶏が好ましい。この発明の卵の品質改善剤および該剤を添加した家禽用飼料または飲料水は、これらの家禽それぞれに前記のような方法で与えることができる。
さらに、この発明によれば、上記の生産方法によって得られた卵及びこの卵を含む食品が提供される。
【0014】
本発明による卵は、通常の卵と同様に、卵を材料とする各種食品に使用することができる。そのような食品の例としては、マヨネーズのような調味料、プリン、カステラ、クッキーのような菓子類、卵焼き、オムレツ、ハンバーグのような惣菜類が挙げられる。
本発明にかかる卵の品質改善剤は、食品などとして古くから利用されているハーブを有効成分としているので、投与する家禽、その家禽から得られる卵、その卵を含む食品、さらには環境などに悪影響を及ぼすことなく、効果的に卵中の肉斑及び/又は血斑を低減させ得る点で特筆される。
【0015】
【実施例】
以下、実施例および試験例を挙げて本発明をさらに詳細に説明するが、本発明はこれらの実施例および試験例に限定されるものではない。
実施例1
次の各成分を混合し、オレガノ精油を含有する卵の品質改善剤を製造した。
オレガノ精油を軽質無水珪酸に吸着させ、精油を10重量%含有するように脱脂米ぬかで濃度を調整した。
【0016】
試験例1
73週齢の赤玉系の産卵鶏(45羽)に、実施例1の卵の品質改善剤を、基礎飼料[穀類(ともころこし、マイロ、キャッサバ)66%、植物性油かす類(大豆油かす、コーングルテンミール、なたね油かす)16%、動物性飼料(魚粉、肉骨粉、フェザーミール)8%、米ぬか1%、その他(炭酸カルシウム、動物性油脂、パプリカ、食塩、アルファルファミール、リン酸カルシウム9%)]に0.0125重量%混合して、8週間連続して与えた。1日1羽当たりオレガノ精油としての給与量は、概算1〜1.5mgとなる。
【0017】
試験期間中、1週間おきに毎週1回産卵された卵10個を割卵し、肉斑を目視で検査した。次いで、卵1個当たりの肉斑の平均個数を算出し、実施例1の卵の品質改善剤を与えていない対照群(45羽)の肉斑平均個数と比較した。
結果を表1に示す。
【0018】
【表1】
【0019】
表1から明らかなように、本発明による卵の品質改善剤を給与して得られた卵中の肉斑は、飼料の給与の経過とともに減少した。
【0020】
試験例2
83週齢の赤玉系の産卵鶏30羽に、実施例1の卵の品質改善剤を試験例1と同様にして5週間連続して与え、肉斑保有卵の発生率を算出し、実施例1の卵の品質改善剤を与えていない対照群(30羽)のそれと比較した。
但し、供試卵の個数は、開始時及び終了時(5週目)は全個数、その他の時点は10個である。
結果を表2に示す。
【0021】
【表2】
【0022】
表2に示されるように、本発明による卵の品質改善剤を給与して得られる卵における肉斑発生率は、対照群と比べると著しく低かった。
【0023】
試験例3
99週齢の赤玉系の産卵鶏各5000羽を収容する実際の産卵鶏の農場の2棟を用い、1棟の産卵鶏に、実施例1の卵の品質改善剤を0.01%混合した試験例1と同じ配合組成の基礎飼料を8週間連続して与えた。1日1羽当たりオレガノ精油としての給与量は、概算0.8〜1.2mgとなる。他の1棟の産卵鶏には、対照群として、基礎飼料のみを与えた。
【0024】
試験開始4週間後と8週間後に、それぞれの群で産卵された卵各100個を割卵し、肉斑及び血斑の有無を目視で検査した。次いで、卵100個当たりの肉斑及び血斑の保有卵の発生率を算出し、実施例1の卵の品質改善剤を与えていない対照群における保有卵の発生率と比較した。
結果を表3に示す。
【0025】
【表3】
【0026】
表3から明らかなように、本発明による卵の品質改善剤を給与して得られた卵では、4週間後、8週間後ともに肉斑及び血斑の発生率が低かった。また、肉斑及び血斑のいずれもない卵の比率は、4週間後、8週間後ともに、対照群よりも実施例1の品質改善剤を給与した群で高い値が得られた。
したがって、オレガノのようなシソ科ハーブを給与することにより、卵中の肉斑及び血斑の発生を減少できることが認められた。
【0027】
【発明の効果】
本発明によれば、シソ科のハーブから選択される少なくとも1種を有効成分として含有することからなる家禽の卵中の肉斑及び/又は血斑を低減させる卵の品質改善剤、及び該改善剤を添加してなる家禽用の飼料等、それらを使用することからなる卵の生産方法、該方法によって得られた卵及びその卵を含む食品が提供される。
かかる卵の品質改善剤等を使用することにより、得られる卵及び家禽自体に悪影響を及ぼさずに、卵中の肉斑及び血斑の発生を有意に低減することができる。[0001]
TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to an agent for improving the quality of poultry eggs. More specifically, the present invention relates to an agent for improving the quality of an egg that reduces flesh spots and / or blood spots in poultry eggs, which comprises at least one selected from the Labiatae herb as an active ingredient, and The present invention relates to a method for producing eggs comprising the use thereof, such as poultry feed to which the improving agent is added, an egg obtained by the method, and a food containing the egg.
[0002]
2. Description of the Related Art
Poultry eggs used for food sometimes show flesh spots and blood spots on the egg whites and yolks.
The flecks are white or reddish-brown fleshy substances mixed with egg white, and the blood spots are blood attached to the yolk surface. In the case of chicken eggs, these are more often found in colored eggs than in white eggs. It has been found that the frequency of occurrence of the flesh is largely due to genetic factors.
These flecks and blood spots are not nutritionally problematic, but they look bad and are not preferred by consumers.
[0003]
For this reason, a method of adding tomato meal (Non-Patent Document 1) or natural zeolite (Non-Patent Document 2) to feed has been proposed for the purpose of preventing the occurrence of flesh and blood spots. However, all of these methods have uneven production areas, and supply is difficult in Japan.
Furthermore, as a preventive measure against blood spots, addition of grasses containing a large amount of hemostatic vitamin (vitamin K) or vitamin K to feed has been studied, but their effects are not clear. Only high concentration of vitamin A is effective, but the cost is high and the economic efficiency is poor.
Therefore, it was necessary to find a method capable of reliably preventing the occurrence of flecks and / or blood spots.
[0004]
[Non-Patent Document 1] A. L. Yannakopoulos et al., Animal Feed Science and Technology, 1992, 36, 53-57.
[Non-Patent Document 2] A. S. Tserverni-Gousi et al., Arch. Geflugelk. , 1997, 61 (6), 291-296.
[0005]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The present inventors have conducted intensive studies and have found that eggs produced from laying hens fed a diet containing a Labiatae herb significantly reduce the occurrence of flecks and / or blood spots, The present invention has been completed.
Therefore, according to the present invention, an agent for improving the quality of eggs for reducing flesh and / or blood spots in poultry eggs, comprising at least one selected from the Labiatae herb as an active ingredient, and The present invention provides a method for producing eggs comprising the use thereof, such as feed for poultry to which the improving agent is added, eggs obtained by the method, and foods containing the eggs.
[0006]
BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
The Labiatae herb means a plant belonging to the Labiatae family that contains ingredients such as spices, specifically, oregano, catnip, savory, sage, thyme, basil, hyssop, bergamot, marjoram, mint, lavender, lemon balm , Rosemary and the like. Of these, oregano is particularly preferred.
These herbs may be one kind or any two or more kinds, and depending on the kind, parts such as stems, leaves, roots, flowers, and seeds are appropriately used. For example, in oregano, stems, leaves, and flowers are used. Can be
[0007]
Further, the herb is preferably in the form of an extract of the herb or a crushed product thereof.
For example, the crushed herb includes cut or crushed pieces of an appropriate size by a method known in the art, and dried products thereof. These crushed materials may include crushed materials such as plants other than herbs as long as the crushed materials are mainly composed of herbs.
The herbal extract can be obtained by a method known in the art, such as a steam distillation method or a solvent extraction method, using a natural form of a herb, a dried herb, or a crushed herb as described above.
[0008]
Specifically, in the steam distillation method, oily herb extraction is performed by steaming the herb with water or by blowing steam into the herb to separate out components that azeotrope with the water vapor, and after cooling, fractionate the oil layer. You can get things.
In the solvent extraction method, a herb extract such as oleoresin can be obtained by adding a solvent such as ethanol or hexane to the herb and removing the solvent after the extraction.
In order to obtain the herb extract efficiently, it is preferable to use undried herbs, which have been shredded to, for example, about 1 to 2 cm. When the herb extract is obtained as an essential oil, an extraction treatment by a steam distillation method is preferable. When the extract is purified, it may be further subjected to centrifugation, filtration, concentration under reduced pressure, distillation and the like.
[0009]
The herb extract may be not only a product obtained from a natural herb as described above, but also a synthetic product obtained by a method known in the art.
According to the test conducted by the present inventors, by mixing the essential oil of oregano with a feed and giving it to a laying hen for about 1 to 3 weeks, it is possible to obtain an egg in which the number of flecks and blood spots is significantly reduced.
Thus, the Labiatae herb can be used by itself or in combination with solid or liquid excipients known in the art to improve the quality of the egg by reducing flesh and / or blood spots in poultry eggs. can do.
[0010]
Examples of solid excipients include rice bran, lactose, sucrose, glucose, corn starch, gelatin, starch and the like. Examples of the liquid excipient include water, glycerin, vegetable oil, sorbitol and the like.
The egg quality improving agent according to the present invention may be mixed with usual additives such as an antibacterial agent, a fungicide, an anthelmintic, an antioxidant, a dye, a flavor, a flavor, and an enzyme, if desired. It can be formulated into powders, granules, liquids, tablets and the like by conventional methods.
[0011]
These preparations can be used by themselves when administered to poultry or added to feed or drinking water consumed by poultry, but preferably added to poultry feed or drinking water. The amount added at that time is usually in the range of 0.0001 to 0.1%, preferably 0.0005 to 0.01% in the form of an essential oil, and is usually 0.005 to 0.01% in the form of a dry product itself or a pulverized product. To 5% by weight, preferably 0.025 to 0.5% by weight.
The herb also depends on the type and weight of the target poultry. For example, in the form of essential oil, 0.05 to 50 mg / kg body weight per day, preferably 0.25 to 5 mg / kg body weight per day is given to poultry. By giving, it is possible to reduce flecks and / or blood spots in eggs.
[0012]
Feed or drinking water may be any commonly used one, and is not particularly limited. Examples of feed include corn, milo, cassava, rice, grains such as wheat, rice bran, bran such as bran, soybean oil cake, corn gluten meal, vegetable oil cake such as rapeseed oil cake, fish meal, meat-and-bone meal, Animal feeds such as feather meal, animal or vegetable fats and oils, calcium carbonate, calcium phosphate, salt, various vitamins, minerals, amino acids, and other feed additives prepared by appropriately mixing such feed additives. .
The present invention further provides a method for producing eggs with reduced flecks and / or blood spots, which comprises feeding poultry with the above-mentioned egg quality improving agent and / or poultry feed or drinking water to which the agent has been added. I do.
[0013]
Poultry to which this method is applied are ordinary poultry whose eggs are used for food, and specific examples thereof include chickens, quails, ducks, mottled turkeys, and turkeys, with chickens being particularly preferred. The egg quality improving agent of the present invention and poultry feed or drinking water to which the agent has been added can be given to each of these poultry by the method described above.
Further, according to the present invention, there are provided an egg obtained by the above-described production method and a food containing the egg.
[0014]
Eggs according to the present invention can be used for various foods using eggs as well as ordinary eggs. Examples of such foods include seasonings such as mayonnaise, sweets such as pudding, castella, cookies, and prepared foods such as fried eggs, omelets and hamburgers.
The quality improving agent for eggs according to the present invention contains an herb that has been used for a long time as a food or the like as an active ingredient, so that poultry to be administered, eggs obtained from the poultry, foods containing the eggs, and even the environment It is notable that flesh and / or blood spots in eggs can be effectively reduced without adverse effects.
[0015]
【Example】
Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in more detail with reference to Examples and Test Examples, but the present invention is not limited to these Examples and Test Examples.
Example 1
The following components were mixed to produce an egg quality improving agent containing oregano essential oil.
The oregano essential oil was adsorbed on light anhydrous silicic acid, and the concentration was adjusted with defatted rice bran so as to contain 10% by weight of the essential oil.
[0016]
Test example 1
A 73-week-old akadama laying hen (45 chickens) was treated with the egg quality improving agent of Example 1 using the basic feed [cereals (tomorokoro, milo, cassava) 66%, vegetable oil residue (soybean oil) 16% of refuse, corn gluten meal, rapeseed meal, animal feed (fish meal, meat-and-bone meal, feather meal) 8%, rice bran 1%, other (calcium carbonate, animal fat, paprika, salt, alfalfa meal, calcium phosphate 9%) ], And the mixture was given continuously for 8 weeks. The supply amount as oregano essential oil per bird per day is approximately 1 to 1.5 mg.
[0017]
During the test period, 10 eggs laid once every week every other week were split, and the flecks were visually inspected. Next, the average number of flecks per egg was calculated and compared with the average number of flesh of the control group (45 birds) to which the egg quality improving agent of Example 1 was not given.
Table 1 shows the results.
[0018]
[Table 1]
[0019]
As is clear from Table 1, the flecks in the eggs obtained by feeding the agent for improving the quality of eggs according to the present invention decreased as the feed was fed.
[0020]
Test example 2
The egg quality-improving agent of Example 1 was given to 30 83-week-old akadama laying hens for 5 consecutive weeks in the same manner as in Test Example 1 to calculate the incidence rate of the flesh-carried eggs. One egg was compared with that of a control group (30 birds) not receiving the quality improving agent.
However, the number of test eggs is all at the start and at the end (5th week), and at other times is 10.
Table 2 shows the results.
[0021]
[Table 2]
[0022]
As shown in Table 2, the incidence of plaque in eggs obtained by feeding the agent for improving the quality of eggs according to the present invention was significantly lower than that in the control group.
[0023]
Test example 3
Using two buildings of a real laying hen farm that accommodates 5,000 akadama laying hens of 99 weeks each, 0.01% of the egg quality improving agent of Example 1 was mixed into one laying hen. A basal feed having the same composition as in Test Example 1 was continuously fed for 8 weeks. The supply amount as oregano essential oil per bird per day is approximately 0.8 to 1.2 mg. The other one of the laying hens received only the basal feed as a control group.
[0024]
Four and eight weeks after the start of the test, 100 eggs each laid in each group were split, and the presence or absence of flecks and blood spots was visually inspected. Next, the incidence rate of retained eggs with flesh and blood spots per 100 eggs was calculated, and compared with the incidence rate of retained eggs in the control group of Example 1 to which no egg quality improving agent was given.
Table 3 shows the results.
[0025]
[Table 3]
[0026]
As is clear from Table 3, the eggs obtained by feeding the egg quality improving agent according to the present invention had a low incidence of flecks and blood spots both after 4 weeks and after 8 weeks. In addition, the ratio of eggs without any flecks and blood spots was higher in the group to which the quality improving agent of Example 1 was fed than in the control group at both 4 weeks and 8 weeks.
Therefore, it was recognized that the occurrence of flecks and blood spots in eggs could be reduced by feeding a Labiatae herb such as oregano.
[0027]
【The invention's effect】
ADVANTAGE OF THE INVENTION According to this invention, the quality improvement agent of the egg which reduces the fleck and / or blood spot in the egg of poultry which contains at least 1 sort (s) selected from the Labiatae herb as an active ingredient, and said improvement The present invention provides a method for producing eggs, which comprises using them, such as poultry feed to which an agent is added, eggs obtained by the method, and foods containing the eggs.
By using such an egg quality improving agent or the like, the occurrence of flesh and blood spots in eggs can be significantly reduced without affecting the eggs and poultry obtained.
Claims (9)
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CN103815187A (en) * | 2014-01-29 | 2014-05-28 | 河南科技大学 | Preparation method of feed for laying ducks |
CN103815187B (en) * | 2014-01-29 | 2015-12-09 | 河南科技大学 | A kind of preparation method of egg type duck feed |
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