JP2004217744A - Method for fixing steric shape of natural leather product - Google Patents

Method for fixing steric shape of natural leather product Download PDF

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Publication number
JP2004217744A
JP2004217744A JP2003005281A JP2003005281A JP2004217744A JP 2004217744 A JP2004217744 A JP 2004217744A JP 2003005281 A JP2003005281 A JP 2003005281A JP 2003005281 A JP2003005281 A JP 2003005281A JP 2004217744 A JP2004217744 A JP 2004217744A
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Japan
Prior art keywords
leather
fixing
natural
dimensional shape
natural leather
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JP2003005281A
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Japanese (ja)
Inventor
Taisuke Hosoya
泰助 細谷
Akio Hosoya
明生 細谷
Norio Ando
則男 安藤
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HOSOYANOBUKICHI SHOTEN KK
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HOSOYANOBUKICHI SHOTEN KK
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Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a method for fixing a steric shape of a natural leather product which permits to sterically manufacture a natural leather product like a plastic or the like and has a wide application range. <P>SOLUTION: The method for semipermanently fixing the steric shape of the leather comprises fixing and stabilizing a network of a collagen protein of the leather by a cystin bond by forming a disulfide bond among the collagen protein of the leather, a thiol group, the hydrolyzed collagen and the like in plastic deformation of the leather while adjusting the crystallinity by changing the amount of a mercaptan used and an amount of hydrolyzed collagen used thereby ensuring rubber elasticity to plastic hardness. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2004,JPO&NCIPI

Description

【0001】
【産業上の利用分野】
本発明は、天然皮革製品を肌合いと色合いを保持しながら絞り加工の立体形状化と固定化を効率良く加工し安価に提供する天然皮革製品の立体加工技術に関するものである。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
従来、天然皮革は狩猟時代の昔から貴重な生活材料として利用され、その上、用途も多岐に渉っており、その利用方法は、皮を鞣し、伸ばした素材を裁断・縫製によって利用するのが一般的である。また、天然皮革の絞り加工は古くより馬具や靴のつま先等で行われ、一般的には加湿(ぬらし)又はスチームで軟化して、成形型付けを行う方法である。これは、天然皮革の成分であるコラーゲン蛋白質が水を含むことにより膨潤する性質を利用しているものである。
【0003】
コラーゲン蛋白質の膨潤は造塩結合の結合力の低下に起因しており、また、ペプチド基(CO・NH)の水素結合にも起因している。したがって、膨潤状態で力を加える事により容易に塑性変形が出来ることになる。しかし、コラーゲン蛋白質の主鎖はラセン状に曲がって(らせん構造)スプリング状態になっているため、膨潤状態から乾燥状態にもどるときスプリングバッグ(元に戻る働き)が起る。また、天然皮革は部位による性質、方向性の違いがあるため絞り加工による形状加工の場合、成形型付きや再湿潤による変形など形状安定性が著しく悪い。
【0004】
天然皮革の鞣し技術の観点から見た場合、皮の鞣しは、コラーゲン蛋白質の耐熱性、耐薬品性、耐保存性を高める事を目的とした技術で、古い方法としては天然タンニン鞣しがあり、これは多量の植物天然タンニンを皮に含浸して鞣す方法で植物タンニン樹脂の性質で伸びの少ない革が出来、成形型付けは良い。しかし、この革は植物タンニン樹脂の性質上、耐湿熱温度が約70℃が限界で高温での処理は不可能である。
【0005】
そのため加湿での成形方法が一般的である。しかし、この加湿による方法は再度の湿潤による型崩れや加工時間(脱型までの時間)が長く問題がある。
【0006】
最近はクロム鞣しが主流で、丈夫で柔軟な伸びのある耐熱性に優れた皮革製品が作られている。しかし、このクロム鞣しの利点は、塑性加工の形状固定化の面からはスプリングバッグ性が大きく不適である。
【0007】
この為にスチーム等を利用した蛋白質の熱変性(熱収縮)加工方法等を用いているが、革は非常に硬くなり限られた製品加工に限定される。また、クロム鞣しでは、裁断くずを廃棄・焼却処理する際、6価クロムが含まれ焼却灰や排水に溶出するため環境面での問題もあり、脱クロム鞣し対策も求められておりクロム鞣し革以外での新たな鞣し技術も検討されているが、未だクロム鞣しに匹敵する耐湿熱温度110℃までに到っておらず新たな塑性加工方法の開発が求められている。
【0008】
部分的に天然皮革の表面に図柄や彩色を施し立体加工する方法としては、皮革の表面にアクリル系の塗料や染料を使い手書きし、型工具を用いて手作業で装飾打ちを行う方法(レザークラフト)、また、天然皮革に水分を含ませ軟化した後、押圧力で天然皮革の表面へ形押しする方法等であり、金属製や木製の押型を用い凹凸装飾を機械的プレスによる浮彫りや逆彫りしたりする方法が一般的である。
【0009】
これら、プレスによる天然皮革の立体加工方法としては、特開平01−232990号、特開平05−31267号、特開平07−059960号、特開平07−138600号、特開2000−104100号公報等の技術がある。この他、立体化された皮革製品として、皮革を加湿して湿潤軟化による塑性加工と図柄を組み合わせた方法として、デジタル化した下絵データを元に転写プリント、シルクスクリーンプリント、インクジェットプリント等と立体模様化を一体的に加工する技術(特開平07−059960号等)がある。
【0010】
また、天然皮革の網状層に熱硬化性合成樹脂、熱可塑性樹脂または低分子架橋性合成樹脂の単体もしくは複数を混合し、さらにコラーゲン、シルク又は麻などのプロティンを配合した処理液を天然皮革の床面(裏面)に塗布し、これを乾燥させた後、110℃―120℃で加熱処理した金属成形型によるプレス成形によって形態安定化をはかることを特徴とした特開平09−221700号の技術がある。この方法は一般的なバインダーの効果を意図した目的でプロテインを配合し、品質の悪い革の強度を補強する目的で行ったものである。つまり、熱硬化性合成樹脂、熱可塑性樹脂などの合成樹脂による抗張力の働きが出る為、簡単な形状や靴などの甲革部位等で形状固定化方法で、塑性変形による皮革の品質差を合成樹脂で補う方法である。
【0011】
現在、天然皮革は身近な材料として多様な分野で生活に利用されているが、部分的な立体化を除いては、1枚の革シートから型紙作成、裁断、縫製と限られた製造方法が取られている。これは天然皮革が塑性変形が大きく且つ形状安定度が低いため効率的な立体加工方法を天然皮革に応用する技術がないことによるものである。
【0012】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
本発明の課題は、立体化された天然皮革を安価に製造でき、且つ広範な用途に使用できる天然皮革製品を提供することにある。また、本発明の別の課題は、上記の特徴を有する天然皮革であって、工業的手法によってプラスチック等の様に立体成形を得る天然皮革の製造方法を提供することにある。
【0013】
【課題を解決するための手段】
そこで本発明者らは、プラスチックのような立体加工方法を天然皮革に応用することができないものか試行錯誤をした結果、天然皮革の特性を損なわずに、立体化と皮革の安定化処理を施す方法として、先ず、加湿による軟化絞りの段階でコラーゲン蛋白質にシスチン結合が可能なメルカプト化合物液処理を施し、コラーゲン蛋白質の開裂とチオール基の導入とその酸化によりジサルファイト結合で安定した塑性変形性を実現した。これは、塑性変形した状態で皮革のコラーゲン蛋白質とチオール基と加水分解コラーゲン等のジサルファイト結合により皮革のコラーゲン蛋白質とシスチン結合による網掛け固定安定化と、メルカプト使用量の変化で結晶化度を調節し、ゴム弾性からプラスチック硬度までを確保し皮革の形状を半永久的に固定化するものである。つまり、コラーゲン蛋白質の開裂と再結合、及び加硫化によるジサルファイト結合での皮革の固定化に着目した。これは、動物の皮や毛髪では、皮がコラーゲン蛋白質、また毛髪がケラチン蛋白質であり、この2つの蛋白質の大きな違いは後者がシスチン結合、含硫アミノ酸を持った構造であるのに対して前者は含硫黄アミノ酸がない構造である。つまり、毛髪のケラチン蛋白質はシスチン結合により壊れ難い安定性の高い構造とパーマネント加工が出来る点にヒントを得たものである。
【0014】
本発明らは、鞣し加工済み天然皮革にジサルファイト結合の開裂と再結合を具現化するために、グルタチオン、L―システイン、ジチオスレイトール、2−メルカプトエタノール、チオグリコール酸、L−システインエチルエステル、β−メルカプトエチルアミン、メルカプトコハク酸、β−メルカプトプロピオン酸、ジメルカプトアジピン酸、チオリンゴ酸、チオグリコールアミド、グリコールチオグリコレート、グリセロールチオグリコレート、チオ乳酸又はその塩類等のチオール基(−SH)、ジサルファイド結合基(−S−S−)を修飾するメルカプト、チオ、チオキソ、スルフィド、ジスルファニル、ジチオ化合物を主成分とするメルカプト化合物溶液を単独又は数種類調合処理し、加湿軟化によって皮革に含まれるコラーゲン蛋白質の開裂とチオール基の導入と酸化剤及び酸化によって所定の形状に固定するジサルファイド結合で再結合させることによる皮革の塑性加工と形状固定化を行った。
【0015】
酸化方法として弱アルカリ性酸化剤、臭素酸ナトリウム、臭素酸カリウム、過ホウ酸ナトリウムを使用する事により、メルカプトの脱臭とシスチン結合の促進効果で早く型付けをおこなう事と含水率50%以上でも速い脱形を可能にし、そのメルカプト水溶液濃度と加水分解コラーゲンの濃度の関係でゴム的弾性からプラスチック的高硬度までの成形のコントロールができる事を実験によって確かめた。
【0016】
天然皮革は鞣し、再鞣しにより目的に適した風合いと伸びの調節を行うが、本発明は、ゴムのような弾性からプラスチックに匹敵する硬さまでを可能にする為、ジサルファイト結合の結晶化度と加水分解コラーゲンを併用する事による硬度調整と安定化を図ったものである。さらに無置換アルデヒド、エポキシ化での蛋白質不溶化や固定化の調節を意図したものである。これは、皮革の厚さ、絞り率を考慮にいれ、皮本来の成分コラーゲンにメルカプト化合物を作用させることによりメルカプトの還元力で結合力の低下を促し、塑性変形性の増大とシスチン結合による固定安定化をコントロールし任意の絞り加工と硬度変化を実現した画期的な方法である。
【0017】
皮革製品を工業的に立体化して生産するには、成形型からの速い脱型が製品化のポイントになるが、加湿軟化した水分を持った天然皮革は、絞り加工後のスプリングバッグ(元に戻る性質)が大きく、型に固定したままの乾燥が保形性の面からも良いと考えられていた。
【0018】
そこで本発明では、前記メルカプト化合物溶液により皮革の軟化時に蛋白質の開裂とチオール基の結合を起こさせ、請求項2の酸化によりチオール基からジサルファイド結合の再結合を促進させことでスプリングバッグの性質を蛋白質の超収縮とセットの性質を応用して矯正し、同時に所定の形状に固定した状態で酸化させる事により型からの速い脱型を実現する方法で、減圧下(40−60Torr)での高周波利用による型付け、酸化中和、低温乾燥を組み合わせた立体化と固定化方法を発明した。
【0019】
これは、皮革のコラーゲン蛋白質にメルカプト化合物溶液の還元力による結合力の低下とチオール基の導入は塑性変形に有利に働き、同時に蛋白質の開裂と酸化剤による再結合促進効果が成形型付の向上をも可能にすること。この場合、型付け条件は40―60Torrの減圧下、高周波出力250W〜800Wで10分までが適しており、高周波出力と成形型付け時間の関係は、絞り率と溶液ピックアップ率で管理することができること。また、臭素酸ナトリウム等の酸化処理は固定化が促進され、乾燥前の脱型を可能にすることを発見した。また、脱型後の乾燥は減圧高周波乾燥又は過熱式真空乾燥による低温乾燥が、乾燥時間を短縮し、皮革の風合い、肌合い、耐変色を保つ良好な方法であることも知見した。
【0020】
次に、乾燥後、必要に応じ加水分解コラーゲンの不溶化処理として、コラーゲン重量の10%以下の無置換アルデヒド(モノアルデヒド類、ジアルデヒド類、ハロゲン化アルデヒド)、エポキシ化合物、ポリイソシアネート化合物を噴霧、コーター、刷毛で塗布又は含浸して架橋反応を行う方法が有効であることも知見され本発明の固定化の特長のひとつである。
【0021】
この無置換アルデヒドとしてのモノアルデヒド類は、ホルムアルデヒド、アセトアルデヒド、メチルグリオキザール、アクロレインが、ジアルデヒド類としては、グリオキザール、マロンジアルデヒド、スクシンジアルデヒド、グルタルアルデヒド、フタルアルデヒド、ジアルデヒド、デンプン、ハロゲン化アルデヒドではクロロアセトアルデヒドが適している。また、エポキシ化合物としてはグリコールやポリオールのグリシジルエーテル、モノカルボン酸、ジカルボン酸やポリカルボン酸のグリシジルエステルなどが適している。
【0022】
【発明の実施例と実施形態】
本発明に係る天然皮革の塑性変形性の改良と立体形状固定化方法の工程を以下に説明する。本明細書における皮革の塑性加工処理あるいは固定化処理に伴う薬品用語は、これに限定したものでなく、呼称の違う同類の薬品や化学剤を含めて意味している。また、湿潤軟化の手順や立体化や固定化のプロセスも記載の手順に限定されたものでなく、皮革製品の形状安定化を図る方法として広義に解釈されるべきである。
【0023】
チオール基導入とシスチン化による形状安定性効果を確かめるため、まず、天然タンニン鞣し・ウレタン塗装仕上げ革1.2mmを実施例1〜実施例4の水溶液(表1)、を含浸し、その後、塗装面を表とし2枚を同時に型で絞り0.08Mpaの減圧下、高周波出力350Wで5分間処理、後処理として20%臭素酸ナトリウムで塗付を行い、0.08Mpaの減圧下、高周波出力350Wで4分処理、脱型、乾燥した。
実施例1:水
実施例2:L−システイン、N−アセチル−L−システイン(日本理化学薬品)
実施例3:モノエタノールアミンバイサルファイト(モナミンBTN 明成化学工業品)
実施例4:チオリンゴ酸(東洋化成工業品)
形状安定性の判断方法は先ず絞り加工品を画像スキャンし、10g/Lのマルセル石鹸40℃の洗濯液に20分間浸し、それを水洗して、1点を押えた状態で自然乾燥をし、変形状態を測定した結果、チオール基の導入、シスチン結合による効果を確認した。形状安定性は、実施例4、実施例2、実施例3、実施例1の順序で高いことを知見した。(表2)
【0024】
【表1】

Figure 2004217744
【0025】
【表2】
Figure 2004217744
【0026】
次にメルカプトの使用量、チオール基の変化と加水分解コラーゲンでの充填で形状安定性効果、硬さ、弾性を確認する目的で、2.1〜2.3mm天然タンニン鞣し革(ウレタン塗装仕上げ)にチオリンゴ酸、加水分解コラーゲンを含浸し、2枚1組にして0.08Mpaの減圧下、高周波出力250Wで5分間絞り加工処理、酸化中和処理として20%臭素酸ナトリウム塗付を行い、0.08Mpaの減圧下、高周波出力250Wで4分乾燥処理、脱形した実施例5〜実施例10の試料(表3)で加工実験した。その試料を圧縮試験用ロードセルを用い定速伸長形引張試験機(東洋ボールドウィン(株)製テンシロンUTM−4−100)で応力を測定した。殊に凹凸部長辺の圧縮特性及び凹凸部中央の圧縮特性をグラフ1に示す。
【0027】
【表3】
Figure 2004217744
【0028】
【グラフ1】
Figure 2004217744
【0029】
実験から、鞣した天然皮革を処理する水溶液は、絞り加工の形状、風合い、塑性変形量によってメルカプト化合物及び加水分解コラーゲンを調整することで皮革の硬度の調整も可能であることが判明した。この場合、加工工程としては、水溶混合液を皮革に塗布含浸もしくは浸積して1工程で塑性加工を行う方法と、事前にシート状の状態で調合液で前処理を行い、その後、再湿潤化処理をして塑性加工・乾燥工程を行う方法の2通りがある。また、処理液はスプレーや刷毛による塗布、もしくは水槽による含浸、加圧缶による圧力含浸による方法等が適している。立体化用の塑性加工型は、成形する形状によって牡型・雌型を使うもの、そのどちらか一方による凸版型、凹版型などが適している。処理方法は、高周波減圧乾燥が適しており減圧下で40−60Torrで、排気温度は40℃以下におさえ、且つ高周波出力250W〜600Wを約1分〜20分処理する減圧高周波乾燥又は過熱式真空乾燥機を使用するのが良い。
【0030】
前述した処理の後、皮革の蛋白質不溶化処理として、乾燥脱型後、アルデヒド化合物、エポキシ化合物、ポリイソシアネート化合物を皮革の床面(皮革の裏面)から噴霧塗布又は含浸して皮革の形状固定化を行なうことが適している。
【0031】
以上の工程により天然皮革を損傷及び変色することなく立体形状を付与することが可能となり、従来の湿潤軟化による塑性加工方法での変形安定性の課題と絞り率の大きい塑性加工では乾燥に18時間を必要とする脱型までの時間を5分〜30分程度に短縮することができ、天然皮革製品の立体形状固定化による高品質な皮革製品を安価に製造が可能となる。
【0032】
本発明の立体成形に使用する型は、プラスチック型が適しているが、型の耐熱変形性、繰り返し精度等も考慮に入れた素材を使用しても良く、従来の金属型とか加熱ヒーター組込み型とか特殊な型は不要である。この、型製作はCADデータと連動したコンピューター制御された図示、NCルーター等によって彫刻・切抜きされた型とする方法が適しており、上型(雄型)もしくは下型(雌型)とし、皮革を加工した溝や孔に沿って、また、その反対の突起により押圧によって立体形の加工を行う方法が適している。
【0033】
また、本発明の立体成形に使用する型の製作は、コンピューター制御された立体加工機が適しており、木材、プラスチック、紙等の場合小形の汎用3次元加工機などを使用することで、型を安価に大量に作れるため型付け用の型を安価に製作が可能となり、小ロットで多品種の生産に適する。
【0034】
以上、CAD化した立体型製作ができることによってデザイン−型製作−製品化がデジタル化した工程で管理され、且つ軽便な素材を使用することで従来の金型による製造コストアップの要因を大幅な軽減が可能となることも皮革製品を安価に製造要因となる。
【0035】
以上、本発明に係る皮革処理溶液と立体形状固定化方法は、従来の天然皮革の絞り加工に比較して、塑性変形量を大きくすることが可能になること、また、型のデジタル加工との組合せによって、これまで型抜き、縫製など手作業であった天然皮革の立体加工が工業的に制御した生産方式が可能となり、プラスチックやその他の異種素材へのオーバーレイや複合化などの組合せが可能となり、加工適応範囲の拡大による受発注の容易さも増し、新たな皮革製品の有力な生産システムとなり得る。
【0036】
【発明の効果】
本発明の皮革加工技術は、現在、手作業で行なっている型抜き、縫製又は接着などの皮革製品の分野に、工業的に早いサイクルで成形−脱型を効率的に行う立体化した皮革製品の生産技術を提供することが可能となる。この天然皮革の新たな加工方法は新たな立体的デザイン製品の部品化の提供が可能となるので鞄や靴、文具をはじめ日用品も当然のことながら、皮革製品では生産不可能であった異種素材との複合化、例えば木材・プラスチック・金属と天然皮革の張り合わせや皮革と皮革の間に木材・プラスチック・金属を嵌合させる構造が可能となり、家具や自動車等の部品等に幅広く応用できることになる。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】本発明に係る天然皮革塑性加工工程の説明図。
【図2】本発明に係る成形型と成形天然皮革の説明図。
【図3】圧縮試験の加圧ポイント説明図。
【図4】圧縮試験の加圧試験方法模式図。[0001]
[Industrial applications]
TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to a three-dimensional processing technology for a natural leather product that efficiently processes a three-dimensional shape and fixation of a drawing process while maintaining the texture and color of the natural leather product and provides the product at low cost.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Conventionally, natural leather has been used as a valuable living material since the hunting era, and it has also been used in a wide variety of applications.The method of using leather is to use tanned leather and stretched material by cutting and sewing. Is common. In addition, drawing of natural leather has been performed with toes of harnesses and shoes for a long time, and is generally a method of softening with humidification (wetting) or steam to form a mold. This utilizes the property that collagen protein, which is a component of natural leather, swells when it contains water.
[0003]
The swelling of the collagen protein is caused by a decrease in the binding force of the salt-forming bond, and also by a hydrogen bond of the peptide group (CO.NH). Therefore, plastic deformation can be easily performed by applying a force in a swollen state. However, since the main chain of the collagen protein is bent in a helical shape (spiral structure) and is in a spring state, a spring bag (returning to its original state) occurs when returning from the swollen state to the dried state. In addition, since natural leather has different properties and directionality depending on the parts, in the case of shape processing by drawing, shape stability such as deformation with a molding die or rewetting is extremely poor.
[0004]
From the viewpoint of natural leather tanning technology, leather tanning is a technology aimed at increasing the heat resistance, chemical resistance and storage resistance of collagen proteins, and there is natural tannin tanning as an old method, This is a method of impregnating the skin with a large amount of natural vegetable tannins and tanning the leather, resulting in a leather with low elongation due to the properties of the vegetable tannin resin and good molding. However, due to the nature of the vegetable tannin resin, this leather has a heat and humidity resistance limit of about 70 ° C. and cannot be treated at high temperatures.
[0005]
Therefore, a molding method by humidification is generally used. However, the method using humidification has a problem that the shape collapse due to re-wetting and the processing time (time until demolding) are long.
[0006]
In recent years, chrome tanning has become the mainstream, and leather products that are durable, flexible, and have excellent heat resistance have been made. However, the advantage of this chrome tanning is that the spring bag property is large and unsuitable from the viewpoint of fixing the shape by plastic working.
[0007]
For this purpose, a method of heat denaturation (heat shrinkage) processing of proteins using steam or the like is used, but leather is very hard and limited to limited product processing. In the case of chrome tanning, when cutting waste is disposed of or incinerated, it contains hexavalent chromium and elutes in incinerated ash and wastewater, which poses environmental problems. Other tanning techniques other than tanning are also being studied, but the moist heat resistance temperature of 110 ° C., comparable to chrome tanning, has not yet been reached, and the development of a new plastic working method is required.
[0008]
As a method of partially applying a pattern or coloring to the surface of natural leather and performing three-dimensional processing, a method of hand-painting using acrylic paints and dyes on the surface of leather and performing decorative beating by hand using a mold tool (leather Craft), and softening the natural leather by adding moisture to it and then pressing it onto the surface of the natural leather with a pressing force. The method of engraving is common.
[0009]
These three-dimensional processing methods for natural leather by pressing include, for example, JP-A-01-232990, JP-A-05-31267, JP-A-07-059960, JP-A-07-138600, and JP-A-2000-104100. There is technology. In addition, as a three-dimensional leather product, as a method that combines plastic processing and design by humidifying leather and moist softening, transfer printing, silk screen printing, inkjet printing, etc. based on digitized sketch data, etc. There is a technology for integrally processing (for example, JP-A-07-059960).
[0010]
In addition, a processing solution containing a protein such as collagen, silk or hemp mixed with one or more of a thermosetting synthetic resin, a thermoplastic resin or a low molecular weight crosslinkable synthetic resin in a mesh layer of natural leather, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 09-221700 discloses a technique of applying a coating to a floor (back surface), drying the coating, and then stabilizing the shape by press molding using a metal mold heated at 110 ° C. to 120 ° C. There is. In this method, a protein is blended for the purpose of an effect of a general binder, and the strength of poor quality leather is reinforced. In other words, since synthetic resin such as thermosetting synthetic resin and thermoplastic resin exerts tensile strength, the difference in quality of leather due to plastic deformation is synthesized by a simple shape or shape fixing method at the upper part such as shoes. This is a method of supplementing with resin.
[0011]
At present, natural leather is used in daily life as a familiar material in a variety of fields. Except for partial three-dimensionalization, limited production methods such as pattern making, cutting and sewing from a single leather sheet are used. Has been taken. This is because natural leather has large plastic deformation and low shape stability, and there is no technology for applying an efficient three-dimensional processing method to natural leather.
[0012]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
An object of the present invention is to provide a natural leather product that can produce three-dimensional natural leather at low cost and can be used for a wide range of applications. Another object of the present invention is to provide a method for producing a natural leather having the above-mentioned characteristics, which can be three-dimensionally formed by plastics or the like by an industrial technique.
[0013]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
Therefore, the present inventors conducted a trial and error as to whether a three-dimensional processing method such as plastic cannot be applied to natural leather, and as a result, perform three-dimensional processing and leather stabilization processing without impairing the characteristics of natural leather. First, the collagen protein is treated with a mercapto compound solution that can bind to cystine at the stage of softening and squeezing by humidification, and stable plastic deformation is achieved by disulphide bond by cleavage of collagen protein, introduction of thiol group and its oxidation. did. This is because, in the plastically deformed state, the collagen protein of the leather and the thiol group and the disulphide bond of hydrolyzed collagen and the like are fixed by shading and fixed by the collagen protein of the leather and the cystine bond, and the degree of crystallinity is adjusted by changing the amount of mercapto used. In addition, it secures the shape of the leather semipermanently from rubber elasticity to plastic hardness. In other words, attention was paid to the immobilization of leather by disulphide bonds by cleavage and recombination of collagen proteins and vulcanization. This is because in animal skin and hair, the skin is a collagen protein and the hair is a keratin protein. The major difference between the two proteins is that the latter has a cystine bond and a sulfur-containing amino acid, whereas the former has a structure with sulfur-containing amino acids. Is a structure without sulfur-containing amino acids. In other words, the keratin protein of hair is inspired by a highly stable structure that is not easily broken by cystine bond and that permanent processing can be performed.
[0014]
The present invention provides glutathione, L-cysteine, dithiothreitol, 2-mercaptoethanol, thioglycolic acid, L-cysteine ethyl ester, to realize cleavage and recombination of disulphide bonds in tanned natural leather. Thiol groups (-SH) such as β-mercaptoethylamine, mercaptosuccinic acid, β-mercaptopropionic acid, dimercaptoadipic acid, thiomalic acid, thioglycolamide, glycol thioglycolate, glycerol thioglycolate, thiolactic acid or salts thereof. A mercapto compound solution containing mercapto, thio, thioxo, sulfide, disulfanyl and dithio compounds as main components for modifying a disulfide-bonding group (-SS-) alone or in a mixture of several kinds, and contained in leather by humidifying softening Collagen protein The leather was subjected to plastic working and shape fixation by recombining with a disulfide bond that fixes the shape by cleavage of the substance, introduction of a thiol group, and an oxidizing agent and oxidation.
[0015]
By using a weakly alkaline oxidizing agent, sodium bromate, potassium bromate, and sodium perborate as the oxidation method, demolding of mercapto and promotion of cystine binding can be performed quickly, and rapid desorption can be achieved even when the water content is 50% or more. Experiments have shown that the shape can be controlled, and that the molding can be controlled from rubber-like elasticity to plastic-like high hardness by the relationship between the concentration of the mercapto aqueous solution and the concentration of hydrolyzed collagen.
[0016]
Natural leather is tanned and re-tanned to adjust the texture and elongation suitable for the purpose.However, in the present invention, the degree of crystallinity of disulphide bonds and The hardness is adjusted and stabilized by using hydrolyzed collagen in combination. Furthermore, it is intended to control unsubstituted aldehydes, protein insolubilization and immobilization by epoxidation. This takes into account the thickness of the leather and the squeezing rate, and the mercapto compound acts on the original collagen of the leather to reduce the binding force due to the reducing power of the mercapto, increasing the plastic deformability and fixing by cystine bonding. This is a revolutionary method that controls stabilization and achieves arbitrary drawing and hardness changes.
[0017]
In order to industrially produce leather products in three dimensions, rapid release from the mold is the key to commercialization, but natural leather with humidified and softened water is used for spring bags after drawing. (Returning property) was large, and it was considered that drying while being fixed in a mold was also good in terms of shape retention.
[0018]
Therefore, in the present invention, the properties of a spring bag are obtained by causing the cleavage of a protein and the binding of a thiol group when the leather is softened by the mercapto compound solution, and promoting the recombination of a disulfide bond from the thiol group by oxidation according to claim 2. Is applied by applying the properties of protein ultra-shrinkage and set, and at the same time, is oxidized while being fixed in a predetermined shape, thereby realizing rapid demolding from the mold, and under reduced pressure (40-60 Torr). We have invented a three-dimensional and immobilization method that combines molding, oxidation neutralization, and low-temperature drying using high frequency.
[0019]
This is because the reduction of the binding force of the mercapto compound solution to the collagen protein of leather and the introduction of thiol groups favor plastic deformation, and at the same time, the effect of protein cleavage and the promotion of recombination by the oxidizing agent are improved in the mold. To be able to In this case, it is suitable that the molding condition is a high-frequency output of 250 W to 800 W and up to 10 minutes under a reduced pressure of 40 to 60 Torr, and the relationship between the high-frequency output and the molding time can be managed by the drawing ratio and the solution pickup ratio. In addition, the inventors have found that the oxidation treatment with sodium bromate promotes immobilization and enables demolding before drying. In addition, it has been found that drying after demolding is a good method in which low-temperature drying by reduced-pressure high-frequency drying or superheated vacuum drying shortens the drying time and keeps the texture, texture, and discoloration resistance of leather.
[0020]
Next, after drying, unsubstituted aldehydes (monoaldehydes, dialdehydes, halogenated aldehydes), epoxy compounds, and polyisocyanate compounds of 10% or less by weight of the collagen are sprayed as insolubilizing treatment of the hydrolyzed collagen, if necessary. It has been found that a method of performing a crosslinking reaction by coating or impregnating with a coater or a brush is effective, and this is one of the features of the immobilization of the present invention.
[0021]
Monoaldehydes as unsubstituted aldehydes include formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, methylglyoxal and acrolein, and dialdehydes include glyoxal, malondialdehyde, succindialdehyde, glutaraldehyde, phthalaldehyde, dialdehyde, starch, halogenated Chloroacetaldehyde is suitable for the aldehyde. As the epoxy compound, glycidyl ethers of glycols and polyols, glycidyl esters of monocarboxylic acids, dicarboxylic acids and polycarboxylic acids are suitable.
[0022]
Examples and embodiments of the present invention
The steps of the method for improving the plastic deformability of natural leather and fixing the three-dimensional shape according to the present invention will be described below. In the present specification, chemical terms associated with the plastic working process or the immobilizing process of leather are not limited to these, but include the same type of chemicals and chemical agents having different names. Further, the procedure of wet softening and the steps of solidification and immobilization are not limited to the described procedures, but should be interpreted in a broad sense as a method for stabilizing the shape of a leather product.
[0023]
In order to confirm the shape stability effect due to thiol group introduction and cystinylation, first, 1.2 mm of natural tanned and urethane-coated leather is impregnated with the aqueous solution of Examples 1 to 4 (Table 1), and then painted. With the surfaces facing the front, two sheets were simultaneously squeezed with a mold and processed at a high frequency output of 350 W for 5 minutes under a reduced pressure of 0.08 Mpa, followed by coating with 20% sodium bromate as a post-treatment, and a high frequency output of 350 W under a reduced pressure of 0.08 Mpa For 4 minutes, demolded and dried.
Example 1: Water Example 2: L-cysteine, N-acetyl-L-cysteine (Nippon Rikagaku)
Example 3: Monoethanolamine bisulfite (Monamine BTN Meisei Chemical Co., Ltd.)
Example 4: Thiomalic acid (Toyo Kasei Kogyo)
The method of determining the shape stability is as follows: first, an image of the drawn product is scanned, soaked in a washing liquid of 10 g / L of Marcel soap at 40 ° C. for 20 minutes, washed with water, and naturally dried while holding down one point. As a result of measuring the deformed state, the effects of the introduction of a thiol group and the cystine bond were confirmed. It was found that the shape stability was higher in the order of Example 4, Example 2, Example 3, and Example 1. (Table 2)
[0024]
[Table 1]
Figure 2004217744
[0025]
[Table 2]
Figure 2004217744
[0026]
Next, for the purpose of confirming the shape stability effect, hardness and elasticity by changing the amount of mercapto, changing the thiol group and filling with hydrolyzed collagen, 2.1 to 2.3 mm natural tannin tanned leather (urethane coating finish) Then, thiomalic acid and hydrolyzed collagen were impregnated, and a pair of the sheets was squeezed under a reduced pressure of 0.08 Mpa at a high frequency output of 250 W for 5 minutes, and coated with 20% sodium bromate as an oxidation neutralization treatment. Processing experiments were performed on the samples of Examples 5 to 10 (Table 3) which had been dried and demolded for 4 minutes at a high frequency output of 250 W under a reduced pressure of 0.08 Mpa. The stress of the sample was measured with a constant-speed elongation type tensile tester (Tensilon UTM-4-100 manufactured by Toyo Baldwin Co., Ltd.) using a compression test load cell. In particular, graph 1 shows the compression characteristics of the long side of the uneven portion and the compression characteristics of the center of the uneven portion.
[0027]
[Table 3]
Figure 2004217744
[0028]
[Graph 1]
Figure 2004217744
[0029]
From experiments, it has been found that the hardness of the leather can be adjusted by adjusting the mercapto compound and the hydrolyzed collagen in the aqueous solution for treating the tanned natural leather according to the shape, texture, and amount of plastic deformation of the drawing process. In this case, as a processing step, a method of applying and impregnating or immersing an aqueous mixed solution on leather to perform plastic working in one step, or performing a pretreatment with a preparation liquid in a sheet state in advance and then rewetting There are two methods of performing a plastic working and drying step by performing a chemical treatment. The treatment liquid is suitably applied by spraying or brushing, or by impregnation with a water tank, pressure impregnation with a pressure can, or the like. As the plastic working mold for three-dimensionalization, a male / female mold depending on the shape to be formed, a letterpress mold or an intaglio mold using either one is suitable. The processing method is suitable for high-frequency vacuum drying, the vacuum is 40-60 Torr under reduced pressure, the exhaust temperature is kept below 40 ° C, and the high-frequency output 250 W to 600 W is processed for about 1 to 20 minutes. It is better to use a dryer.
[0030]
After the above-described treatment, as a protein insolubilization treatment for leather, after drying and demolding, an aldehyde compound, an epoxy compound, and a polyisocyanate compound are spray-coated or impregnated from the floor surface (back surface of leather) of the leather to fix the shape of the leather. Suitable to do.
[0031]
Through the above steps, it is possible to give a three-dimensional shape without damaging or discoloring natural leather. The problem of deformation stability in the conventional plastic working method by wet softening and 18 hours for drying in plastic working with a large drawing ratio Can be reduced to about 5 to 30 minutes, and high-quality leather products can be produced at low cost by fixing the natural leather products in a three-dimensional shape.
[0032]
The mold used for the three-dimensional molding of the present invention is preferably a plastic mold, but may be made of a material that also takes into account the heat resistance of the mold, the repetition accuracy, etc., and may use a conventional metal mold or a heater built-in mold. No special type is required. This mold production is suitable for the method of making the mold engraved and cut out by computer-controlled illustration, NC router etc. linked with CAD data, upper mold (male) or lower mold (female), leather A method of performing a three-dimensional processing by pressing along a groove or a hole in which the surface is processed or by pressing a protrusion opposite thereto is suitable.
[0033]
Also, the production of the mold used in the three-dimensional molding of the present invention is suitably performed by a computer-controlled three-dimensional processing machine. In the case of wood, plastic, paper, and the like, a small general-purpose three-dimensional processing machine is used. Can be mass-produced at low cost, making it possible to produce molds for molding at low cost, and suitable for the production of many kinds in small lots.
[0034]
As described above, CAD-based three-dimensional mold production is possible, so that design-mold production-product production is managed in a digitized process, and the use of lightweight materials significantly reduces the factors that increase the production cost of conventional molds. Is also an inexpensive factor in the production of leather products.
[0035]
As described above, the leather processing solution and the three-dimensional shape fixing method according to the present invention can increase the amount of plastic deformation as compared with conventional drawing processing of natural leather, and can be used with digital processing of a mold. The combination makes it possible to industrially control the production of three-dimensional processing of natural leather, which was previously manual work such as die cutting and sewing, and it is possible to combine plastics and other different materials with overlays and composites In addition, the ease of ordering can be increased by expanding the applicable range of processing, and it can be a leading production system for new leather products.
[0036]
【The invention's effect】
The leather processing technique of the present invention is applied to the field of leather products such as die cutting, sewing or bonding, which are currently performed manually, and is a three-dimensional leather product that efficiently performs molding-demolding in an industrially fast cycle. Production technology can be provided. This new method of processing natural leather makes it possible to provide parts of new three-dimensional design products, so bags, shoes, stationery and other daily necessities are of course different types of materials that leather products could not produce For example, it is possible to combine wood, plastic, and metal with natural leather, or to fit wood, plastic, and metal between leather and leather.This makes it widely applicable to furniture, automobiles, and other parts. .
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is an explanatory view of a natural leather plastic working step according to the present invention.
FIG. 2 is an explanatory view of a mold and molded natural leather according to the present invention.
FIG. 3 is an explanatory view of a pressure point in a compression test.
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a pressure test method in a compression test.

Claims (6)

鞣し加工済み天然皮革を湿潤軟化して絞り加工等の立体化を行う際に、グルタチオン、L−システイン、ジチオスレイトール、2−メルカプトエタノール、チオグリコール酸、L−システインエチルエステル、β−メルカプトエチルアミン、メルカプトコハク酸、β−メルカプトプロピオン酸、ジメルカプトアジピン酸、チオリンゴ酸、チオグリコールアミド、グリコールチオグリコレート、グリセロールチオグリコレート、チオ乳酸又はその塩類からなるチオール基(−SH)、ジサルファイド結合基(−S−S−)を修飾可能なメルカプト化合物溶液を皮革に含浸させ、加湿軟化によって皮革に含まれるコラーゲン蛋白質を開裂させ、成形型付け、乾燥工程でジサルファイド結合の再結合させること、又は前処理としてこの溶液で処理、乾燥を行い、再加湿により成形型付け、乾燥工程でジサルファイト結合での天然皮革製品の立体形状固定化方法。Glutathione, L-cysteine, dithiothreitol, 2-mercaptoethanol, thioglycolic acid, L-cysteine ethyl ester, β-mercaptoethylamine Thiol group (-SH) comprising mercaptosuccinic acid, β-mercaptopropionic acid, dimercaptoadipic acid, thiomalic acid, thioglycolamide, glycol thioglycolate, glycerol thioglycolate, thiolactic acid or salts thereof, disulfide bond Impregnating the leather with a mercapto compound solution capable of modifying the group (-SS-), cleaving the collagen protein contained in the leather by humidifying softening, forming a mold, and recombining disulfide bonds in a drying step; or Treat with this solution as pre-treatment, dry A method for fixing the three-dimensional shape of a natural leather product by dispensing, forming a mold by re-humidifying, and disulphide bonding in the drying process. シスチン結合を促進する目的で臭素酸ナトリウム、臭素酸カリウム、ホウ酸ナトリウム、過酸化水素水から選択される1種以上の酸化剤を請求項1の成形処理後、皮革の床面(皮革の裏面)から塗布、または含浸して処理する天然皮革製品の立体形状固定化方法。2. A leather floor surface (back surface of leather) after the molding treatment according to claim 1, wherein at least one oxidizing agent selected from sodium bromate, potassium bromate, sodium borate, and hydrogen peroxide is used for the purpose of promoting cystine binding. ), A method for fixing a three-dimensional shape of a natural leather product to be applied or impregnated. 加湿軟化で立体形状固定化処理を行う場合、皮革成分で有る加水分解コラーゲンを溶解した水溶液を含浸し絞り加工、又は含浸乾燥、再湿潤絞り加工させることにより皮革の網状層に加水分解コラーゲンを充填して塑性変形性を高めると同時に充填した加水分解コラーゲンの接着効果でタイト性(形状保持性)を与え皮革の肌合いの安定化を実現する天然皮革製品の立体形状固定化方法。When performing the three-dimensional shape fixation process by humidifying softening, the reticulated layer of the leather is filled with the hydrolyzed collagen by impregnating with an aqueous solution in which the hydrolyzed collagen as a leather component is dissolved and drawing, or by impregnation drying and rewetting drawing. A three-dimensional shape fixing method for natural leather products that enhances plastic deformability and at the same time provides tightness (shape retention) due to the adhesive effect of the filled hydrolyzed collagen and stabilizes the texture of the leather. 請求項1のメルカプト化合物溶液、及び請求項3の加水分解コラーゲン溶液を併用した皮革処理溶液と請求項2に係るシスチン結合を促進し風合いと硬度調整を特徴とした天然皮革製品の立体形状固定化方法。A three-dimensional shape fixation of a natural leather product characterized by promoting a cystine bond, adjusting texture and hardness according to the second aspect, and a leather treatment solution using the mercapto compound solution of the first aspect and the hydrolyzed collagen solution of the third aspect together. Method. 請求項1、2、3、及び4での成形型付け処理及び乾燥脱型後、皮革の固定化と再湿潤変形を防止する目的で無置換アルデヒド(モノアルデヒド類、ジアルデヒド類、ハロゲン化アルデヒド)、エポキシ化合物、ポリイソシアネート化合物等を皮革の床面(皮革の裏面)から塗布、または含浸して処理し、蛋白質との架橋結合により、充填した可溶性コラーゲン蛋白質の不溶化とシスチン結合の度合いによって硬度差を付与し安定化した天然皮革製品の立体形状固定化方法。Non-substituted aldehydes (monoaldehydes, dialdehydes, halogenated aldehydes) for the purpose of immobilizing leather and preventing rewet deformation after the molding process and dry demolding according to claims 1, 2, 3, and 4. , An epoxy compound, a polyisocyanate compound, etc., are applied or impregnated from the floor of the leather (the back of the leather) or treated, and crosslinked with the protein, thereby insolubilizing the filled soluble collagen protein and the hardness difference depending on the degree of the cystine bond. A method for fixing a three-dimensional shape of natural leather products that has been given and stabilized. 請求項1及び請求項2、請求項3、請求項4に係る天然皮革の立体形状固定化において、処理液注入による湿潤化から成形型付け、乾燥、脱型の工程を皮革の肌合いを損なわずに短時間で行う方法として、減圧高周波乾燥機、または過熱式真空乾燥機による皮革の中の水分子を低温且つ短時間で減圧下(40−60Torr)加熱乾燥方法を採用したことを特長とする天然皮革製品の立体形状固定化方法。In the three-dimensional shape fixing of natural leather according to claim 1, claim 2, claim 3, or claim 4, the steps of molding, drying, and demolding from moistening by injecting the processing liquid without damaging the texture of the leather. As a method for performing in a short time, a natural method characterized by employing a method of heating and drying water molecules in leather at a low temperature and in a short time under reduced pressure (40-60 Torr) by a reduced-pressure high-frequency dryer or a superheated vacuum dryer. A three-dimensional shape fixing method for leather products.
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JP2007091864A (en) * 2005-09-28 2007-04-12 Tokyo Univ Of Agriculture & Technology Leather modifier
JP4815028B1 (en) * 2010-06-22 2011-11-16 真澄 君島 Manufacturing method of three-dimensional structure, manufacturing kit thereof, and molding die thereof
CN103596460A (en) * 2011-06-10 2014-02-19 卡骆驰公司 Molded footwear with woven appearance and ventilation features
CN105925733A (en) * 2016-07-01 2016-09-07 桐乡市雄鹰皮草有限公司 Tanning and dyeing technique of mink skin with functions as fur and leather
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Cited By (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2006082857A1 (en) * 2005-02-02 2006-08-10 Shiborian Co., Ltd. Method of leather processing and leather of three-dimensional shape
JP2007091864A (en) * 2005-09-28 2007-04-12 Tokyo Univ Of Agriculture & Technology Leather modifier
JP4815028B1 (en) * 2010-06-22 2011-11-16 真澄 君島 Manufacturing method of three-dimensional structure, manufacturing kit thereof, and molding die thereof
WO2011161761A1 (en) * 2010-06-22 2011-12-29 Kimishima Masumi Manufacturing method of three-dimensional shaped body, manufacturing kit of same, and mold of same
CN103596460A (en) * 2011-06-10 2014-02-19 卡骆驰公司 Molded footwear with woven appearance and ventilation features
US9282787B2 (en) 2011-06-10 2016-03-15 Crocs, Inc. Molded footwear with woven appearance and ventilation features
CN103596460B (en) * 2011-06-10 2017-01-25 卡骆驰公司 Mold used for EVA-based material sheet or template and method for manufacturing shoes
US10065384B2 (en) 2011-06-10 2018-09-04 Crocs, Inc. Molded footwear with woven appearance and ventilation features
CN105925733A (en) * 2016-07-01 2016-09-07 桐乡市雄鹰皮草有限公司 Tanning and dyeing technique of mink skin with functions as fur and leather
CN108315502A (en) * 2018-02-08 2018-07-24 陶吉庆 Ecological skin cuts skin painting making technology
CN108315502B (en) * 2018-02-08 2020-08-07 陶吉庆 Manufacturing process of ecological leather-cut picture

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