JP2004180453A - Control equipment of synchronous motor - Google Patents

Control equipment of synchronous motor Download PDF

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Publication number
JP2004180453A
JP2004180453A JP2002345668A JP2002345668A JP2004180453A JP 2004180453 A JP2004180453 A JP 2004180453A JP 2002345668 A JP2002345668 A JP 2002345668A JP 2002345668 A JP2002345668 A JP 2002345668A JP 2004180453 A JP2004180453 A JP 2004180453A
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Prior art keywords
voltage
time
current
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synchronous motor
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JP4073302B2 (en
Inventor
Yoichi Omori
洋一 大森
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Toyo Electric Manufacturing Ltd
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Toyo Electric Manufacturing Ltd
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Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To torque-control a synchronous motor with no position sensor. <P>SOLUTION: A current voltage conversion means divides an input current and voltage in coordinate components. A means superposes a high-frequency voltage on an input voltage. A current variation difference calculating means outputs the variation in current component of the output of the conversion means from a time t1, which is different from the time t0, through a prescribed period T from the variation in the current component of the output of the conversion means from a time t0 through the prescribed period T. A voltage integration difference calculating means outputs a value where each voltage component of the output of the conversion means is integrated for time from the time t1 through the prescribed period T from the value where each voltage component of the output of the conversion means is integrated for time from the time t0 through the prescribed period T. An angular error calculating means acquires an angular difference between the coordinate axis and the salient pole axis of a rotor based on the outputs of the current variation difference calculating means and the voltage integration difference calculating means. An axis estimating means rotates a coordinate so that the angular difference in the output of the angular error calculating means becomes zero. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2004,JPO

Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、同期電動機の制御装置において、同期電動機の回転子位置を検出する位置センサを用いないで同期電動機の入力電流と電圧から回転子の位置を推定する技術に関するものである。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
例えば永久磁石を回転子内部にもつ永久磁石型同期電動機においては、永久磁石のN極の方向をd軸としそれと直交する軸をq軸とした2軸の座標を想定し、その各軸の電流を制御することで永久磁石型同期電動機のトルクが制御される。従って、前記座標軸の方向を知るために回転子の回転角度を検知する位置センサが必要になる。(例えば、特許文献1参照。)。
【0003】
【特許文献1】
特開平11−160101号公報(第2図)
【0004】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
前述した従来の技術においては、同期電動機のトルクを制御する際に同期電動機の回転子の回転角度を検知する位置センサが必要である。位置センサは精密機器であるために各種環境に対する耐性が電動機より弱い。よって位置センサを付けることで電動機システムの適用範囲が狭く制限され、寿命も短くなり、コストアップとなる。
【0005】
【課題を解決するための手段】
上述した問題点を解決するために本発明の同期電動機の制御装置では、直交する2軸の座標を前記回転子上に想定し、前記同期電動機の入力電流と入力電圧をそれぞれ前記座標成分に分ける電流電圧変換手段と、前記同期電動機の入力電圧に高周波の電圧を重畳する高周波重畳手段と、前記電流電圧変換手段出力の各電流成分の時刻t0から所定期間Tまでの変化量から前記時刻t0とは異なる時刻t1から前記所定期間Tまでの変化量を引いたものを出力する電流変化量差演算手段と、前記電流電圧変換手段出力の各電圧成分を前記時刻t0から前記所定期間Tまで時間積分した値から、前記各電圧成分を前記時刻t1から前記所定期間Tまで時間積分した値を引いたものを出力する電圧積分差演算手段と、前記電流変化量差演算手段の出力と前記電圧積分差演算手段の出力から前記座標の軸と前記回転子の突極の軸との角度差を求める角度誤差演算手段と、前記角度誤差演算手段の出力の前記角度差が零となるように前記座標を回転させる軸推定手段とを具備する。
【0006】
【発明の実施の形態】
本発明の実施例を図1に示し、図1に基づいて詳細に説明する。
永久磁石型同期電動機1は、電力変換器2から電力を供給される。電力変換器2は入力された電圧指令v2通りの電圧を出力する。トルク制御器3は、入力したθを前記d軸とq軸からなる座標軸の角度と一致しているとして、永久磁石型同期電動機1のd−q軸の電流成分がトルク指令τ相当の値となるような電圧指令v1を出力する。高周波重畳器4は、電圧指令v1に高周波電圧を重畳して新たな電圧指令v2として出力する。そこで重畳される電圧は、交番するものでも回転するものでもいいし、その波形も正弦波に限らず、矩形波や三角波でもよい。電流電圧変換器5は、永久磁石型同期電動機1の入力電流iや入力電圧vを角度θだけ回転した直交するγ軸とδ軸からなる座標軸の各成分に分けて、それぞれをiγ、iδ、vγ、vδとして出力する。
【0007】
電流変化量差演算器6は、iγやiδの時刻t0から所定期間Tまでの変化量から時刻t0とは異なる時刻t1からTまでの変化量を引いたものΔiγ、Δiδを出力する。例えば、時刻t0のiγ、iδをそれぞれiγ00、iδ00とし、時刻t0+Tのiγ、iδをそれぞれiγ01、iδ01とし、時刻t1のiγ、iδをそれぞれiγ10、iδ10とし、時刻t1+Tのiγ、iδをそれぞれiγ11、iδ11とすると、
Δiγ=(iγ01−iγ00)−(iγ11−iγ10)
Δiδ=(iδ01−iδ00)−(iδ11−iδ10)
を出力することになる。
【0008】
電圧積分差演算器7は、vγやvδを時刻t0からt0+Tまで時間積分した値から、時刻t1からt1+Tまで時間積分した値を引いたものをΔvγ、Δvδとして出力する。つまり、
【0009】

Figure 2004180453
【0010】
となる。
【0011】
角度誤差演算器8は、
【0012】
Figure 2004180453
【0013】
でdq軸からなる座標軸とγδ軸からなる座標軸との角度差Δθを求める。ここで、Ldは永久磁石型同期電動機1のd軸のインダクタンスであり、Lqはq軸のインダクタンスである。(2)式が成り立つ理由を以下に説明する。
【0014】
永久磁石型同期電動機の特性式は、
【0015】
Figure 2004180453
【0016】
で表すことができる。ここで、ωは回転子の回転角速度であり、Rは巻線抵抗値であり、φは永久磁石が巻線に鎖交する磁束であり、Δθ=θr−θであり、θrはdq軸の座標軸の回転角度である。(3)式はγδの回転する座標上の式なので電流や電圧の基本波成分は直流となるため、電圧に高周波電圧が重畳されると(3)式の高周波成分のみは、
【0017】
Figure 2004180453
【0018】
で近似できる。ここでvhγ、vhδ、ihγ、ihδは高周波成分の電圧と電流である。(4)式から電流の微分項を求めると、
【0019】
Figure 2004180453
【0020】
となる。電圧の高周波成分は、
【0021】
Figure 2004180453
【0022】
と表される。ここで、vmγ、vmδは電圧の定常成分である。(6)式を代入した(5)式を時刻t0からt0+Tの間とt1からt1+Tの間で積分すると
【0023】
Figure 2004180453
Figure 2004180453
【0024】
となり、(7)式から(8)式を引いて(1)式を代入すると、
【0025】
Figure 2004180453
【0026】
となる。(9)式より、
【0027】
Figure 2004180453
【0028】
となり、sin2Δθ=2Δθと近似すると(2)式が導き出される。
【0029】
軸推定器9は、角度誤差演算器8の出力の角度差Δθが零となるようにθを調節する。例えば、Δθを比例積分増幅してωを推定し、それを時間積分してθを得る構成とする。そうするとΔθが零に収束するだけでなく回転子の回転角速度ωも得ることができる。
【0030】
【発明の効果】
本発明により、位置センサを用いることなく同期電動機のトルク制御が可能となり位置センサを用いることによるさまざまな問題点を解決できる。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】本発明の一実施例を表すブロック図である。
【符号の説明】
1・・・永久磁石型同期電動機
2・・・電力変換器
3・・・トルク制御器
4・・・高周波重畳器
5・・・電流電圧変換器
6・・・電流変化量差演算器
7・・・電圧積分差演算器
8・・・角度誤差演算器
9・・・軸推定器[0001]
TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a technique for estimating a rotor position from an input current and a voltage of a synchronous motor without using a position sensor for detecting a rotor position of the synchronous motor in a synchronous motor control device.
[0002]
[Prior art]
For example, in a permanent magnet type synchronous motor having a permanent magnet inside the rotor, two axes are assumed, in which the direction of the N pole of the permanent magnet is the d-axis and the axis orthogonal thereto is the q-axis. , The torque of the permanent magnet type synchronous motor is controlled. Therefore, a position sensor for detecting the rotation angle of the rotor is required to know the direction of the coordinate axis. (For example, refer to Patent Document 1).
[0003]
[Patent Document 1]
JP-A-11-160101 (FIG. 2)
[0004]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
In the above-described conventional technology, a position sensor for detecting the rotation angle of the rotor of the synchronous motor when controlling the torque of the synchronous motor is required. Since the position sensor is a precision device, its resistance to various environments is weaker than that of the electric motor. Therefore, by attaching the position sensor, the applicable range of the electric motor system is limited narrowly, the life is shortened, and the cost is increased.
[0005]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In order to solve the above-described problems, in the synchronous motor control device of the present invention, the coordinates of two orthogonal axes are assumed on the rotor, and the input current and the input voltage of the synchronous motor are respectively divided into the coordinate components. Current-voltage conversion means, high-frequency superposition means for superimposing a high-frequency voltage on the input voltage of the synchronous motor, and the time t0 from the change amount of each current component of the output of the current-voltage conversion means from time t0 to a predetermined period T. A current change amount difference calculating means for outputting a value obtained by subtracting a change amount from the different time t1 to the predetermined period T, and a time integration of each voltage component of the current-voltage converting means from the time t0 to the predetermined period T. A voltage integration difference calculating means for outputting a value obtained by subtracting a value obtained by time-integrating each of the voltage components from the time t1 to the predetermined period T from the obtained value, and an output of the current change amount calculating means. Angle error calculating means for calculating an angle difference between the axis of the coordinates and the axis of the salient pole of the rotor from the output of the voltage integration difference calculating means, and the angle difference of the output of the angle error calculating means becomes zero. Axis estimating means for rotating the coordinates as described above.
[0006]
BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
An embodiment of the present invention is shown in FIG. 1 and will be described in detail with reference to FIG.
The permanent magnet type synchronous motor 1 is supplied with power from the power converter 2. The power converter 2 outputs a voltage according to the input voltage command v2. The torque controller 3 determines that the input θ coincides with the angle of the coordinate axis composed of the d-axis and the q-axis, and determines that the current components of the dq axes of the permanent magnet type synchronous motor 1 have a value equivalent to the torque command τ. The voltage command v1 is output as follows. The high frequency superimposer 4 superimposes a high frequency voltage on the voltage command v1 and outputs it as a new voltage command v2. The superimposed voltage may be alternating or rotating, and its waveform is not limited to a sine wave, but may be a rectangular wave or a triangular wave. The current-to-voltage converter 5 divides the input current i or the input voltage v of the permanent magnet type synchronous motor 1 into respective components of a coordinate axis consisting of orthogonal γ-axis and δ-axis rotated by an angle θ, and converts them into iγ, iδ, Output as vγ and vδ.
[0007]
The current change amount difference calculator 6 outputs Δiγ and Δiδ obtained by subtracting the change amount from time t1 to T different from time t0 from the change amount from time t0 of iγ or iδ to the predetermined period T. For example, i? , Iδ11,
Δiγ = (iγ01−iγ00) − (iγ11−iγ10)
Δiδ = (iδ01−iδ00) − (iδ11−iδ10)
Will be output.
[0008]
The voltage integration difference calculator 7 outputs the values obtained by subtracting the values obtained by time-integrating vγ and vδ from time t0 to t0 + T from the time t1 to t1 + T, as Δvγ and Δvδ. That is,
[0009]
Figure 2004180453
[0010]
It becomes.
[0011]
The angle error calculator 8 is
[0012]
Figure 2004180453
[0013]
Then, the angle difference Δθ between the coordinate axis composed of the dq axes and the coordinate axis composed of the γδ axes is determined. Here, Ld is the d-axis inductance of the permanent magnet type synchronous motor 1, and Lq is the q-axis inductance. The reason why the equation (2) holds will be described below.
[0014]
The characteristic equation of the permanent magnet type synchronous motor is
[0015]
Figure 2004180453
[0016]
Can be represented by Here, ω is the rotational angular velocity of the rotor, R is the winding resistance value, φ is the magnetic flux linking the permanent magnet to the winding, Δθ = θr−θ, and θr is the dq axis. This is the rotation angle of the coordinate axis. Since the equation (3) is an equation on the rotating coordinate of γδ, the fundamental component of the current or the voltage is a direct current.
[0017]
Figure 2004180453
[0018]
Can be approximated by Here, vhγ, vhδ, ihγ, ihδ are the voltage and current of the high frequency component. When the differential term of the current is obtained from equation (4),
[0019]
Figure 2004180453
[0020]
It becomes. The high frequency component of the voltage is
[0021]
Figure 2004180453
[0022]
It is expressed as Here, vmγ and vmδ are steady components of the voltage. Equation (5), into which equation (6) is substituted, is integrated between time t0 and t0 + T and between time t1 and t1 + T.
Figure 2004180453
Figure 2004180453
[0024]
Substituting equation (1) by subtracting equation (8) from equation (7),
[0025]
Figure 2004180453
[0026]
It becomes. From equation (9),
[0027]
Figure 2004180453
[0028]
When approximating sin2Δθ = 2Δθ, Expression (2) is derived.
[0029]
The axis estimator 9 adjusts θ so that the angle difference Δθ of the output of the angle error calculator 8 becomes zero. For example, a configuration is adopted in which Δθ is estimated by proportionally integrating and amplifying Δθ, and time is integrated to obtain θ. Then, not only Δθ converges to zero, but also the rotational angular velocity ω of the rotor can be obtained.
[0030]
【The invention's effect】
According to the present invention, torque control of a synchronous motor can be performed without using a position sensor, and various problems caused by using a position sensor can be solved.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a block diagram illustrating an embodiment of the present invention.
[Explanation of symbols]
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Permanent magnet type synchronous motor 2 ... Power converter 3 ... Torque controller 4 ... High frequency superposition device 5 ... Current-voltage converter 6 ... Current change amount difference calculator 7 ..Voltage integration difference calculator 8 ... Angle error calculator 9 ... Axis estimator

Claims (1)

磁気的突極性を有する回転子をもつ同期電動機を駆動する制御装置において、直交する2軸の座標を前記回転子上に想定し、前記同期電動機の入力電流と入力電圧をそれぞれ前記座標成分に分ける電流電圧変換手段と、前記同期電動機の入力電圧に高周波の電圧を重畳する高周波重畳手段と、前記電流電圧変換手段出力の各電流成分の時刻t0から所定期間Tまでの変化量から前記時刻t0とは異なる時刻t1から前記所定期間Tまでの変化量を引いたものを出力する電流変化量差演算手段と、前記電流電圧変換手段出力の各電圧成分を前記時刻t0から前記所定期間Tまで時間積分した値から、前記各電圧成分を前記時刻t1から前記所定期間Tまで時間積分した値を引いたものを出力する電圧積分差演算手段と、前記電流変化量差演算手段の出力と前記電圧積分差演算手段の出力から前記座標の軸と前記回転子の突極の軸との角度差を求める角度誤差演算手段と、前記角度誤差演算手段の出力の前記角度差が零となるように前記座標を回転させる軸推定手段とを具備することを特徴とする同期電動機の制御装置。In a control device for driving a synchronous motor having a rotor having magnetic saliency, coordinates of two orthogonal axes are assumed on the rotor, and input current and input voltage of the synchronous motor are divided into the coordinate components, respectively. Current-voltage conversion means, high-frequency superposition means for superimposing a high-frequency voltage on the input voltage of the synchronous motor, and the time t0 from the change amount of each current component of the output of the current-voltage conversion means from time t0 to a predetermined period T. Is a current change amount difference calculating means for outputting a value obtained by subtracting a change amount from the different time t1 to the predetermined time period T, and integrating each voltage component of the current / voltage conversion means with time from the time point t0 to the predetermined time period T. A voltage integration difference calculating means for outputting a value obtained by subtracting a value obtained by time-integrating each of the voltage components from the time t1 to the predetermined period T from the obtained value, From the output of the voltage integration difference calculation means and the angle difference between the axis of the coordinate and the axis of the salient pole of the rotor; and the angle difference of the output of the angle error calculation means is zero. An axis estimating means for rotating the coordinates so as to satisfy the following condition.
JP2002345668A 2002-11-28 2002-11-28 Control device for synchronous motor Expired - Lifetime JP4073302B2 (en)

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2006230169A (en) * 2005-02-21 2006-08-31 Toshiba Corp Controller for synchronous machine

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH08205578A (en) * 1995-01-24 1996-08-09 Fuji Electric Co Ltd Device for sensing magnetic-pole position of motor
JP2002112600A (en) * 2000-07-27 2002-04-12 Toyo Electric Mfg Co Ltd Controller of position sensorless permanent magnet type synchronous motor

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH08205578A (en) * 1995-01-24 1996-08-09 Fuji Electric Co Ltd Device for sensing magnetic-pole position of motor
JP2002112600A (en) * 2000-07-27 2002-04-12 Toyo Electric Mfg Co Ltd Controller of position sensorless permanent magnet type synchronous motor

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2006230169A (en) * 2005-02-21 2006-08-31 Toshiba Corp Controller for synchronous machine

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