JP2004172117A - 有機電解液及びこれを採用したリチウム電池 - Google Patents
有機電解液及びこれを採用したリチウム電池 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JP2004172117A JP2004172117A JP2003382538A JP2003382538A JP2004172117A JP 2004172117 A JP2004172117 A JP 2004172117A JP 2003382538 A JP2003382538 A JP 2003382538A JP 2003382538 A JP2003382538 A JP 2003382538A JP 2004172117 A JP2004172117 A JP 2004172117A
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- Prior art keywords
- group
- lithium
- dioxolane
- carbonate
- organic
- Prior art date
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- Granted
Links
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 95
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 71
- 239000005486 organic electrolyte Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 44
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- -1 sulfide anions Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 229910003002 lithium salt Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 159000000002 lithium salts Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 40
- LOMVENUNSWAXEN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl oxalate Chemical compound COC(=O)C(=O)OC LOMVENUNSWAXEN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 23
- XTHFKEDIFFGKHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethoxyethane Chemical compound COCCOC XTHFKEDIFFGKHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 20
- JKRZOJADNVOXPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Oxalic acid dibutyl ester Chemical compound CCCCOC(=O)C(=O)OCCCC JKRZOJADNVOXPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- SBZXBUIDTXKZTM-UHFFFAOYSA-N diglyme Chemical compound COCCOCCOC SBZXBUIDTXKZTM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- HXJUTPCZVOIRIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfolane Chemical compound O=S1(=O)CCCC1 HXJUTPCZVOIRIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Oxalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(O)=O MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000008151 electrolyte solution Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 claims description 15
- DHKHKXVYLBGOIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1-Diethoxyethane Chemical compound CCOC(C)OCC DHKHKXVYLBGOIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- PYLWMHQQBFSUBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N monofluorobenzene Chemical compound FC1=CC=CC=C1 PYLWMHQQBFSUBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 10
- FPFZBTUMXCSRLU-UHFFFAOYSA-N bis[(4-methylphenyl)methyl] oxalate Chemical compound C1=CC(C)=CC=C1COC(=O)C(=O)OCC1=CC=C(C)C=C1 FPFZBTUMXCSRLU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 125000001072 heteroaryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 9
- 125000003837 (C1-C20) alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 8
- WYACBZDAHNBPPB-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethyl oxalate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)C(=O)OCC WYACBZDAHNBPPB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- WNXJIVFYUVYPPR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-dioxolane Chemical compound C1COCO1 WNXJIVFYUVYPPR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- YEJRWHAVMIAJKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-Butyrolactone Chemical compound O=C1CCCO1 YEJRWHAVMIAJKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000004446 heteroarylalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000000592 heterocycloalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000004104 aryloxy group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000000753 cycloalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- YFNKIDBQEZZDLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N triglyme Chemical compound COCCOCCOCCOC YFNKIDBQEZZDLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000003860 C1-C20 alkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000005843 halogen group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 claims description 4
- ZVYSYCLZXICWLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-dioxetan-2-one Chemical compound O=C1OCO1 ZVYSYCLZXICWLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- VAYTZRYEBVHVLE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-dioxol-2-one Chemical compound O=C1OC=CO1 VAYTZRYEBVHVLE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- RRQYJINTUHWNHW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-ethoxy-2-(2-ethoxyethoxy)ethane Chemical compound CCOCCOCCOCC RRQYJINTUHWNHW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- UNJKRLGRDWZYOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4,5-diethyl-1,3-dioxolane Chemical compound CCC1OCOC1CC UNJKRLGRDWZYOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- GGQOXKOHMFKMLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4,5-dimethyl-1,3-dioxolane Chemical compound CC1OCOC1C GGQOXKOHMFKMLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- SBUOHGKIOVRDKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-methyl-1,3-dioxolane Chemical compound CC1COCO1 SBUOHGKIOVRDKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- OIFBSDVPJOWBCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl carbonate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)OCC OIFBSDVPJOWBCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene carbonate Chemical compound O=C1OCCO1 KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000003342 alkenyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003575 carbonaceous material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229940019778 diethylene glycol diethyl ether Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl carbonate Chemical compound COC(=O)OC IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- JBTWLSYIZRCDFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl methyl carbonate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)OC JBTWLSYIZRCDFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000005553 heteroaryloxy group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene carbonate Chemical compound CC1COC(=O)O1 RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- HZHMMLIMOUNKCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N dipropyl oxalate Chemical compound CCCOC(=O)C(=O)OCCC HZHMMLIMOUNKCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000001741 organic sulfur group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- KIAMPLQEZAMORJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-ethoxy-2-[2-(2-ethoxyethoxy)ethoxy]ethane Chemical compound CCOCCOCCOCCOCC KIAMPLQEZAMORJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- KWKXQCMPXDOLFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-ethyl-1,3-dioxolane Chemical compound CCC1COCO1 KWKXQCMPXDOLFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- 150000004649 carbonic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- 150000004862 dioxolanes Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- JDZCKJOXGCMJGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Li].[S] Chemical compound [Li].[S] JDZCKJOXGCMJGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 28
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 19
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 19
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 5
- UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulphide Chemical compound [S-2] UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000002441 reversible effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000000087 stabilizing effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 150000003891 oxalate salts Chemical class 0.000 abstract 3
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 26
- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 description 14
- AOJJSUZBOXZQNB-TZSSRYMLSA-N Doxorubicin Chemical compound O([C@H]1C[C@@](O)(CC=2C(O)=C3C(=O)C=4C=CC=C(C=4C(=O)C3=C(O)C=21)OC)C(=O)CO)[C@H]1C[C@H](N)[C@H](O)[C@H](C)O1 AOJJSUZBOXZQNB-TZSSRYMLSA-N 0.000 description 13
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 10
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 10
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 8
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 7
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000006182 cathode active material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetonitrile Chemical compound CC#N WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- AFCARXCZXQIEQB-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-[3-oxo-3-(2,4,6,7-tetrahydrotriazolo[4,5-c]pyridin-5-yl)propyl]-2-[[3-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]methylamino]pyrimidine-5-carboxamide Chemical compound O=C(CCNC(=O)C=1C=NC(=NC=1)NCC1=CC(=CC=C1)OC(F)(F)F)N1CC2=C(CC1)NN=N2 AFCARXCZXQIEQB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 125000003710 aryl alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 3
- 239000013522 chelant Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 125000002950 monocyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 3
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OAKJQQAXSVQMHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrazine Chemical compound NN OAKJQQAXSVQMHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- MKYBYDHXWVHEJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-[1-oxo-1-(2,4,6,7-tetrahydrotriazolo[4,5-c]pyridin-5-yl)propan-2-yl]-2-[[3-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]methylamino]pyrimidine-5-carboxamide Chemical compound O=C(C(C)NC(=O)C=1C=NC(=NC=1)NCC1=CC(=CC=C1)OC(F)(F)F)N1CC2=C(CC1)NN=N2 MKYBYDHXWVHEJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NEAPKZHDYMQZCB-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-[2-[4-[2-(2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-2-ylamino)pyrimidin-5-yl]piperazin-1-yl]ethyl]-2-oxo-3H-1,3-benzoxazole-6-carboxamide Chemical compound C1CN(CCN1CCNC(=O)C2=CC3=C(C=C2)NC(=O)O3)C4=CN=C(N=C4)NC5CC6=CC=CC=C6C5 NEAPKZHDYMQZCB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 210000001787 dendrite Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 238000003487 electrochemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 2
- 125000005842 heteroatom Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 2
- GLNWILHOFOBOFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium sulfide Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[S-2] GLNWILHOFOBOFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 2
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 125000001436 propyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 2
- 230000009257 reactivity Effects 0.000 description 2
- 125000006413 ring segment Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 125000001712 tetrahydronaphthyl group Chemical group C1(CCCC2=CC=CC=C12)* 0.000 description 2
- BHZCMUVGYXEBMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N trilithium;azanide Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[Li+].[NH2-] BHZCMUVGYXEBMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000006735 (C1-C20) heteroalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000006649 (C2-C20) alkynyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000006736 (C6-C20) aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- XKTYXVDYIKIYJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3h-dioxole Chemical compound C1OOC=C1 XKTYXVDYIKIYJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000003358 C2-C20 alkenyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- OTMSDBZUPAUEDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethane Chemical compound CC OTMSDBZUPAUEDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910018091 Li 2 S Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910013063 LiBF 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910012851 LiCoO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910015645 LiMn Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910013870 LiPF 6 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910012424 LiSO 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920003171 Poly (ethylene oxide) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- JFBZPFYRPYOZCQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Li].[Al] Chemical compound [Li].[Al] JFBZPFYRPYOZCQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZVLDJSZFKQJMKD-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Li].[Si] Chemical compound [Li].[Si] ZVLDJSZFKQJMKD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000003545 alkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229910000147 aluminium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000003277 amino group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000006399 behavior Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000001797 benzyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(C([H])=C1[H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 125000003739 carbamimidoyl group Chemical group C(N)(=N)* 0.000 description 1
- 239000003660 carbonate based solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000003178 carboxy group Chemical group [H]OC(*)=O 0.000 description 1
- 210000004027 cell Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000010485 coping Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000004093 cyano group Chemical group *C#N 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006056 electrooxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003203 everyday effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007429 general method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000004051 hexyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 150000007857 hydrazones Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000000959 isobutyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 125000001972 isopentyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 239000003273 ketjen black Substances 0.000 description 1
- GCICAPWZNUIIDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium magnesium Chemical compound [Li].[Mg] GCICAPWZNUIIDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MHCFAGZWMAWTNR-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium perchlorate Chemical compound [Li+].[O-]Cl(=O)(=O)=O MHCFAGZWMAWTNR-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229910001496 lithium tetrafluoroborate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- QSZMZKBZAYQGRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)azanide Chemical compound [Li+].FC(F)(F)S(=O)(=O)[N-]S(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F QSZMZKBZAYQGRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MCVFFRWZNYZUIJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium;trifluoromethanesulfonate Chemical compound [Li+].[O-]S(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F MCVFFRWZNYZUIJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000002905 metal composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012046 mixed solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- AJFDBNQQDYLMJN-UHFFFAOYSA-N n,n-diethylacetamide Chemical compound CCN(CC)C(C)=O AJFDBNQQDYLMJN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001624 naphthyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000005186 naphthyloxy group Chemical group C1(=CC=CC2=CC=CC=C12)O* 0.000 description 1
- 125000000449 nitro group Chemical group [O-][N+](*)=O 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000001147 pentyl group Chemical group C(CCCC)* 0.000 description 1
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000000286 phenylethyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(C([H])=C1[H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000005518 polymer electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920006254 polymer film Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000006479 redox reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006722 reduction reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000002914 sec-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 238000007086 side reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007784 solid electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000000542 sulfonic acid group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- ZUHZGEOKBKGPSW-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetraglyme Chemical compound COCCOCCOCCOCCOC ZUHZGEOKBKGPSW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZIBGPFATKBEMQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCOCCOCCO ZIBGPFATKBEMQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000003313 weakening effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/056—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
- H01M10/0564—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of organic materials only
- H01M10/0566—Liquid materials
- H01M10/0569—Liquid materials characterised by the solvents
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/056—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
- H01M10/0564—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of organic materials only
- H01M10/0566—Liquid materials
- H01M10/0567—Liquid materials characterised by the additives
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
- H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/58—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFy; of polyanionic structures, e.g. phosphates, silicates or borates
- H01M4/581—Chalcogenides or intercalation compounds thereof
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/056—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
- H01M10/0564—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of organic materials only
- H01M10/0565—Polymeric materials, e.g. gel-type or solid-type
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
- H01M50/409—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material
- H01M50/411—Organic material
- H01M50/414—Synthetic resins, e.g. thermoplastics or thermosetting resins
- H01M50/417—Polyolefins
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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Abstract
【解決手段】 オキサレート系化合物を含有しており、リチウム金属を安定化させつつリチウムイオンの伝導度を向上させる有機電解液である。このような有機電解液は、アノードとしてリチウム金属電極を使用するリチウム電池に適用され、充放電効率特性を改善させる。特に、本発明の有機電解液がリチウムサルファ電池に使われる場合、オキサレート系化合物にキレートされたリチウムイオンによりイオン伝導性が向上して充放電効率を改善するだけではなく、リチウムイオンとスルフィド陰イオン間の結合を防止してスルフィドの溶解度を高めることによりサルファ可逆容量を大きくできる。
【選択図】 図1
Description
R3(OCH2CH2)mOR4 (化学式2)
ただし、式中、mは1〜10の整数であり、R3及びR4はそれぞれ独立に置換または非置換の炭素数1〜20のアルキル基である。
カソードとアノードとしてリチウム金属電極をどちらも使用し、それらの間にポリエチレンセパレータ(Ashai社)を介在させて電極構造体を形成した。
ジメチルオキサレートの含量がそれぞれ0.1質量部、0.25質量部及び0.5質量部であることを除いては、実施例1と同じ方法により実施してリチウム電池を完成した。
ジメチルオキサレート0.1質量部の代わりにジエチルオキサレート0.1質量部を使用したことを除いては、実施例2と同じ方法により実施してリチウム電池を完成した。
ジエチルオキサレートの含量がそれぞれ0.25質量部及び0.5質量部であることを除いては、実施例5と同じ方法により実施してリチウム電池を完成した。
ジメチルオキサレート0.1質量部の代わりにジブチルオキサレート0.1質量部を使用したことを除いては、実施例2と同じ方法により実施してリチウム電池を完成した。
ジブチルオキサレートの含量がそれぞれ0.25質量部及び0.5質量部であることを除いては、実施例8と同じ方法により実施してリチウム電池を完成した。
ジメチルオキサレート0.1質量部の代わりにビス(4−メチルベンジル)オキサレート0.1質量部を使用したことを除いては、実施例2と同じ方法により実施してリチウム電池を完成した。
ビス(4−メチルベンジル)オキサレートの含量がそれぞれ0.25質量部及び0.5質量部であることを除いては、実施例11と同じ方法により実施してリチウム電池を完成した。
サルファ70質量部、カーボン供給源としてケッチェンブラック10質量部、ポリエチレンオキシド20質量部をアセトニトリルと混合してカソード活物質組成物を準備した。
電解液製造時にジメチルオキサレートの代わりにジエチルオキサレートを使用したことを除いては、実施例14と同じ方法により実施してリチウムサルファ電池を完成した。
電解液製造時にジメチルオキサレートの代わりにジブチルオキサレートを使用したことを除いては、実施例14と同じ方法により実施してリチウムサルファ電池を完成した。
電解液製造時にジメチルオキサレートの代わりにビス(4−メチルベンジル)オキサレートを使用したことを除いては、実施例14と同じ方法により実施してリチウムサルファ電池を完成した。
ジメチルオキサレートの含量が0.25質量部であることを除いては、実施例14と同じ方法により実施してリチウムサルファ電池を完成した
<実施例19>
ジメチルオキサレートの含量が1質量部であることを除いては、実施例14と同じ方法により実施してリチウムサルファ電池を完成した。
電解液製造時に有機溶媒として50:20:20:10混合体積比のDOXとDGMとDMEとSULとの混合物を使用してジメチルオキサレートを添加しないことを除いては、実施例1と同じ方法により実施してリチウム電池を完成した。
電解液製造時に有機溶媒として40:40:20混合体積比のDGMとDMEとDOXの混合物を使用したことを除いては、比較例1と同じ方法により実施してリチウム電池を完成した。
電解液製造時に有機溶媒として50:20:20:10混合体積比のDOXとDGMとDMEとSULとの混合物を使用してジメチルオキサレートを添加しないことを除いては、実施例14と同じ方法により実施してリチウムサルファ電池を完成した。
電解液製造時に有機溶媒として40:40:20混合体積比のDGMとDMEとDOXの混合物を使用したことを除いては、比較例3と同じ方法により実施してリチウムサルファ電池を完成した。
Claims (18)
- リチウム塩と有機溶媒とを含む有機電解液において、
化学式1で示されるオキサレート系化合物を含むことを特徴とする有機電解液:
- 前記化学式1のオキサレート系化合物の含量が、有機溶媒100質量部を基準とし、0.001〜10質量部であることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の有機電解液。
- 前記化学式1のオキサレート系化合物がジエチルオキサレート、ジメチルオキサレート、ジプロピルオキサレート、ジブチルオキサレート、ビス−(4−メチルベンジル)オキサレートよりなる群から選択されたことを特徴とする請求項1に記載の有機電解液。
- 前記有機溶媒がポリグリム系化合物、ジオキソラン系化合物、カーボネート系化合物、2−フルオロベンゼン、3−フルオロベンゼン、4−フルオロベンゼン、ジメトキシエタン、ジエトキシエタン、スルホランよりなる群から選択された一つ以上であることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の有機電解液。
- 前記ポリグリム系化合物がジエチレングリコールジメチルエーテル{CH3(OCH2CH2)2OCH3}、ジエチレングリコールジエチルエーテル{C2H5(OCH2CH2)2OC2H5}、トリエチレングリコールジメチルエーテル{CH3(OCH2CH2)3OCH3}、トリエチレングリコールジエチルエーテル{C2H5(OCH2CH2)3OC2H5}よりなる群から選択されたことを特徴とする請求項4に記載の有機電解液。
- 前記ジオキソラン系化合物が1,3−ジオキソラン、4,5−ジエチル−ジオキソラン、4,5−ジメチル−ジオキソラン、4−メチル−1,3−ジオキソラン及び4−エチル−1,3−ジオキソランよりなる群から選択された一つ以上であることを特徴とする請求項4に記載の有機電解液。
- 前記有機溶媒がポリグリム系化合物とジオキソラン系化合物とを含み、前記ポリグリム系化合物とジオキソラン系化合物との混合体積比が1:9〜9:1であることを特徴とする請求項4に記載の有機電解液。
- 前記カーボネート系有機溶媒がエチレンカーボネート、メチレンカーボネート、ジエチルカーボネート、ジメチルカーボネート、γ−ブチロラクトン、プロピレンカーボネート、メチルエチルカーボネート及びビニレンカーボネートよりなる群から選択された一つ以上であることを特徴とする請求項4に記載の有機電解液。
- 前記有機溶媒がポリグリム系化合物とジオキソラン系化合物とのうちから選択された一つ以上であることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の有機電解液。
- 前記ポリグリム系化合物がジエチレングリコールジメチルエーテル、ジエチレングリコールジエチルエーテル、トリエチレングリコールジメチルエーテル、トリエチレングリコールジエチルエーテルよりなる群から選択されたことを特徴とする請求項9に記載の有機電解液。
- 前記ジオキソラン系化合物が1,3−ジオキソラン、4,5−ジエチル−ジオキソラン、4,5−ジメチル−ジオキソラン、4−メチル−1,3−ジオキソラン及び4−エチル−1,3−ジオキソランよりなる群から選択された一つ以上であることを特徴とする請求項9に記載の有機電解液。
- 前記有機溶媒にスルホラン、ジメトキシエタン、ジエトキシエタンよりなる群から選択された一つ以上がさらに含まれることを特徴とする請求項9に記載の有機電解液。
- 前記有機溶媒がカーボネート系溶媒、2−フルオロベンゼン、3−フルオロベンゼン、4−フルオロベンゼン、ジメトキシエタン、ジエトキシエタン、スルホランよりなる群から選択された一つ以上であることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の有機電解液。
- 前記カーボネート系有機溶媒がエチレンカーボネート、メチレンカーボネート、ジエチルカーボネート、ジメチルカーボネート、γ−ブチロラクトン、プロピレンカーボネート、メチルエチルカーボネート及びビニレンカーボネートよりなる群から選択された一つ以上であることを特徴とする請求項13に記載の有機電解液。
- 前記リチウム塩の濃度が0.5〜2.0Mであることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の有機電解液。
- カソードと、
アノードと、
前記カソードとアノード間に介在するセパレータと、
請求項1〜15のうちいずれか1項に記載の有機電解液を含むことを特徴とするリチウム電池。 - 前記カソードがリチウム複合酸化物、単体硫黄、Li2Sn(12≧n≧1)が溶解したカソライト、有機硫黄及び(C2Sx)y(xは2.5−20,18≧y≧2)よりなる群から選択された一つ以上であることを特徴とする請求項16に記載のリチウム電池。
- 前記アノードがリチウム金属電極、リチウム金属合金電極、リチウム非活性硫黄の複合電極、カーボン材またはグラファイト系物質からなる電極であることを特徴とする請求項16に記載のリチウム電池。
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
JP4083663B2 (ja) | 2008-04-30 |
EP1420474A1 (en) | 2004-05-19 |
DE60319786D1 (de) | 2008-04-30 |
KR100472512B1 (ko) | 2005-03-11 |
CN1501540A (zh) | 2004-06-02 |
KR20040043045A (ko) | 2004-05-22 |
DE60319786T2 (de) | 2008-11-27 |
EP1420474B1 (en) | 2008-03-19 |
US7445872B2 (en) | 2008-11-04 |
CN1274053C (zh) | 2006-09-06 |
US20040096749A1 (en) | 2004-05-20 |
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