JP2004150688A - Storage electric water heater - Google Patents

Storage electric water heater Download PDF

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Publication number
JP2004150688A
JP2004150688A JP2002315423A JP2002315423A JP2004150688A JP 2004150688 A JP2004150688 A JP 2004150688A JP 2002315423 A JP2002315423 A JP 2002315423A JP 2002315423 A JP2002315423 A JP 2002315423A JP 2004150688 A JP2004150688 A JP 2004150688A
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Japan
Prior art keywords
hot water
temperature
water storage
bath
storage tank
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Pending
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JP2002315423A
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Japanese (ja)
Inventor
Tetsuro Takada
哲朗 高田
Teruki Kido
輝希 城戸
Nobuhisa Ueda
進久 上田
Kiyotaka Nakano
清隆 中野
Toshiharu Oe
俊春 大江
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Toto Ltd
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Toto Ltd
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Priority to JP2002315423A priority Critical patent/JP2004150688A/en
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Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a storage electric heater capable of suppressing a temperature rise of hot water in a bathtub or a temperature drop of hot water in a tank even when a circulating pump is operated for freeze proofing of bath piping. <P>SOLUTION: When it is judged that air temperature is a predetermined temperature (for example, 4°C) or less in step S1, a flag A is changed to 1 in step S2, and the circulating pump P is operated for a first predetermined time (for example, 45 seconds) in step S3. In step S4, downtime (a second predetermined time) of the circulating pump P is changed in accordance with an outside air temperature and a bathtub temperature, and subsequently, this cycle is repeated. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2004,JPO

Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、貯湯式電気温水器の凍結防止方法に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
従来、浴槽内の湯水を循環ポンプによって吸引して温める追焚機能を備えた貯湯式加熱装置の凍結防止方法としては、外気温度が凍結危険温度以下の場合、循環ポンプを作動させ、浴槽内の湯水の温度が所定の温度以上であれば、循環ポンプを停止させる方法がある(例えば、特許文献1参照)。
【0003】
【特許文献1】
特開平5−187713号公報(第2−3頁、第2図)
【0004】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
しかしながら、従来の貯湯式における凍結防止方法を、浴槽内の湯水を貯湯タンク内に設けられた熱交換器によって間接加熱させる貯湯式加熱装置では加熱したい時にはいつでも加熱でき、時間制限がない。しかし、電気温水器では、不必要に風呂配管の凍結予防のために循環ポンプを作動させると、深夜電力で保温した貯湯タンクの湯温が低下してしまう。基本的には安い深夜料金を利用する電気温水器では深夜しか電源が入らなくて沸かさないため一度湯温が下がれば次の日まで待たなければ湯が沸かされない。このように凍結防止運転による貯湯タンク内の温水の温度が低下に対しては十分注意が必要になってくる。
【0005】
本発明は上記課題を解決するためになされたもので、本発明の目的は、凍結防止のために循環ポンプを作動させても、凍結が考えられる風呂配管の湯水のみが所定の間隔で循環されれば、凍結を防止できて、湯水浴槽内の温水の温度上昇や貯湯タンク内の温水の温度低下を最低限度に抑えることが出来る貯湯式電気温水器を提供することにある。
【0006】
【課題を解決するための手段及びその作用・効果】
上記目的を達成するために請求項1では、貯湯タンクと、前記貯湯タンク内の湯水を加熱するヒーターと、前記貯湯タンク内にある湯水と浴槽内の湯水を熱交換して加熱するする熱交換器と、前記浴槽と前記熱交換器とを接続するための風呂配管とを備え、前記風呂配管の途中に、前記浴槽内の湯水を前記熱交換器へ循環させるための循環ポンプと、前記浴槽内の湯水の温度を検出するための浴槽温度検出手段と、前記循環ポンプの動作の有無を検出するためのポンプ循環検出手段と、外気温度を検出するための外気温度検出手段を備えるとともに、前記外気温度検出手段での検出温度が所定の温度以下である場合に、前記風呂配管の容量に対応した水量のみ循環するように前記循環ポンプを所定時間作動させる凍結防止動作を行なうことを特徴とする。
これにより、凍結の考えられる配管の水を必要十分なだけ風呂の湯水と置換できるので、余分な熱交換を行なわないので貯湯式電気温水器の湯温を不必要に下げることはない。
【0007】
また請求項2では、請求項1の貯湯式電気温水器において、前記凍結防止動作は前記循環ポンプを第1の所定時間作動させ、第2の所定時間の間停止させる間欠運転を行なうとともに、外気温度と浴槽温度によって、第2の所定時間を変更することを特徴とする。
これにより、外気温度との差により凍結が考えられる温度まで配管の温度低下する時間は異なる。外気温度により配管の水を推定することにより、循環ポンプの間欠作動時間をより最適な値に設定できるため、浴槽内の温水の温度上昇やタンク内の温水の温度低下を抑えることが出来る。
【0008】
また請求項3では、請求項1乃至2記載の貯湯式電気温水器において、前記循環ポンプの作動の有無を選択できることを特徴とする貯湯式電気温水器。
これにより、風呂配管に保温材や凍結予防ヒータ等が施されて凍結の恐れが無い場合、循環ポンプの作動有無選択手段によって循環ポンプの作動無を選択できるため、浴槽内の温水の温度上昇やタンク内の温水の温度低下を抑えることが出来る。
【0009】
【発明の実施の形態】
以下、本発明の実施の形態を、図面により詳細に説明する。
【0010】
図1は、本発明の一実施形態に係る電気温水器100の構成図である。
まず、給水源からの水は減圧弁1で減圧され、減圧弁1の下流で給水管2とバイパス管3とに分岐される。
バイパス管3は下流の給湯混合弁10に通じており、給水温度を検出する給水温度センサー17を備えている。
給水管2は貯湯タンク20に通じており、貯湯タンク20には下部ヒーター21と上部ヒーター22が取付けられている。
貯湯タンク20内の水は下部ヒーター21と上部ヒーター22により、下部ヒーター21はタンク第一温度センサー24、上部ヒーター22はタンク第三温度センサー26の検出温度が高温になるように加熱される。
さらに、貯湯タンク20の下部には排水バルブ34を備える。
また、貯湯タンク20の上部には貯湯タンク20内の水の加熱時に発生する膨張水を逃すための安全弁33を備える。
ステッピングモーターにより駆動される給湯混合弁10では、バイパス管3からの水と高温給湯管4からの高温水を混合し、適温の湯が給湯管8へ供給される。
給湯管8には給湯温度を検出するための給湯温度センサー16、給湯管8への湯の供給を検出するための給湯検出手段である給湯流量センサー14を備えている。
さらに高温給湯管4には貯湯タンク20から供給される高温の湯の温度を検出するための高温水温度センサー18を備えている。
高温給湯管4から分岐した湯張り高温給湯管5は、高温水の供給を開始/停止するための第一電磁弁12を介して湯張り混合弁11に通じている。
【0011】
一方、バイパス管3から分岐した湯張り給水管7は、水の供給を開始/停止するための第二電磁弁13を介して湯張り混合弁11に通じている。
ステッピングモーターにより駆動される湯張り混合弁11では、湯張り給水管7からの水と湯張り高温給湯管5からの高温水を混合し、高温水、水、適温の湯のいずれかが湯張り給湯管9へ供給される。
湯張り給湯管9には、湯張り温度を検出するための湯張り温度センサー19と、湯張り給湯管9へ供給される湯張り流量を検出するための湯張り流量センサー15および浴槽104からの逆流防止のための逆止弁32を備えている。
さらに、貯湯タンク20内には、風呂熱交換器23が設けられ、浴槽104の壁面に取付けられた循環アダプター105と風呂配管31で接続されている。
風呂配管31には、浴槽104内の湯水を風呂熱交換器23へ吸引して送る循環ポンプPが備えられるとともに、循環ポンプPの動作の有無を確認するための風呂水流スイッチ30が備えられる。
さらには、浴槽104内の湯水の温度を検出するための風呂温度センサー28と、浴槽104内の湯水の水位を検出するための水位センサー29が備えられる。
また、湯張り給湯管9は風呂配管31に通じている。
また、外気温度を検出する気温センサー35は、電気温水器100の外装部から一部外気に触れる位置に備えられている。具体的には、外装部の底面に穴がありこの部分に固定されている。
【0012】
電気温水器100は本体制御部101を備えており、本体制御部101は、後述する時計機能部112で計時している現在時刻が深夜時間帯(例えば23時から翌日の7時までの間)、または第一の昼間時間帯(例えば7時から17時までの間)、または第二の昼間時間帯(例えば17時から23時までの間)のいずれにあるかを判断する時間帯判断部106と、給水温度センサー17と高温水温度センサー18と給湯温度センサー16と給湯流量センサー14と湯張り温度センサー19と湯張り流量センサー15等の検出信号とリモコン102からの運転指示に基づき給湯混合弁10と湯張り混合弁11と第一電磁弁12と第二電磁弁13等を制御する給湯・湯張り制御部108と、浴槽104内の湯水を沸し上げるためや気温センサー35と風呂温度センサー28等の検出信号で風呂配管の凍結を予防するために循環ポンプPを制御する風呂追焚制御部110と、タンク第一温度センサー24とタンク第三温度センサー26の検出信号とリモコン102からの運転指示とリモコン102で計時されている現在時刻に基づき下部ヒーター21、上部ヒーター22を制御するヒーター制御部107と、タンク第一温度センサー24とタンク第二温度センサー25とタンク第三温度センサー26とタンク第四温度センサー27の検出温度に基づいて貯湯タンク20内の残湯量を検出する残湯量検出部109と、通信線103を通じてリモコン102と相互通信するための本体通信部111とを備える。
【0013】
また、リモコン102は、現在時刻を設定し計時する時計機能部112と、時計機能部112で計時している現在時刻が昼間時間帯(例えば7時から23時までの間)のとき、下部ヒーター21に通電を指示する際にオン操作する全量沸き増しスイッチと上部ヒーター22に通電を指示する際にオン操作する少量沸き増しスイッチとを備えた昼間沸き増し操作部114と、リモコン102で設定された給湯温度などの設定値や残湯量検出部109で検出した残湯量などの運転情報を表示する表示部116と、給湯管8から供給される湯の設定温度を設定する給湯温度設定スイッチと浴槽104へ湯張りする湯の設定温度を設定する湯張り温度設定スイッチと貯湯タンク20内の沸き上げ温度を設定する沸き上げ温度設定スイッチとを備えた温度設定部113と、浴槽104へ湯張りする際にオン操作する湯張りスイッチと浴槽104へ湯張りする湯量を設定する湯張り量設定スイッチと浴槽104内の湯水の沸き上げを行う際にオン操作する風呂追焚スイッチとを備えた追焚・湯張り操作部115と、通信線103を通じて温度設定部113で設定された設定温度情報や電気温水器100の運転情報などを本体制御部101と相互通信するための通信部117とを備えている。
【0014】
上記の構成により、リモコン102の時計機能部112で計時されている現在時刻が深夜時間帯(例えば23時から翌日の7時までの間)であることを認識すると、ヒーター制御部107が、深夜時間帯の終了時刻に合わせて沸き上げが終了するように下部ヒーター21へ通電を指令し貯湯タンク20内の水全量(例えば370リットル)を深夜電力によりタンク第一温度センサー24がリモコン102の温度設定部113で設定した沸き上げ設定温度を検知するまで沸き上げる。
なお、深夜時間帯の終了時刻に合わせて沸き上げが終了するために沸き上げ開始時刻を算出する必要があるが、例えば、タンク温度センサーの検出温度などを基に残湯熱量を算出し、その残湯熱量から沸き上げに必要な熱量を算出して、その必要熱量を沸き上げるのに必要な時間を算出し、深夜時間帯の終了時刻からその必要時間を溯った時刻を沸上げ開始時刻とするなどさまざまな方法が考えられる。
電気温水器100から給湯管8を介して接続された給湯栓(図示しない)が開けられると、沸き上がった貯湯タンク20内のお湯が吐水される。
吐水される湯の温度は、温度設定部113で用途や好みに応じて設定できるようにしてある。
【0015】
また、貯湯タンク20内のお湯を浴槽104への湯張りに使用する場合は、湯張り操作部115の湯張りスイッチをオン操作する。
このときの湯張り温度は温度設定部113の湯張り温度設定スイッチで好みに応じて設定でき、湯張り量は湯張り操作部115の湯張り量設定スイッチで浴槽容量に応じて設定できるようにしてある。
貯湯タンク20内はお湯を使用すると、貯湯タンクの下部から水が供給され残湯量が減少するため、使用者は残湯量を確認しながらお湯を使用する必要がある。
そこで、例えば貯湯タンク20の全容量を370リットルとし、貯湯タンク20の最上部からの容量が300リットルの位置にタンク第一温度センサー24、150リットルの位置にタンク第二温度センサー25、100リットルの位置にタンク第三温度センサー26、50リットルの位置にタンク第四温度センサー27が取付けられているとすると各センサーの検出温度に基づき(例えば45℃以上であれば残湯ありと判断)、残湯量検出部109で検出した残湯量300リットル以上、残湯量150リットル以上300リットル未満、残湯量100リットル以上150リットル未満、残湯量50リットル以上100リットル未満、残湯量50リットル未満などの残湯量情報を、数値や絵表示などでリモコン102の表示部116に表示して残湯量を確認できるようにしてある。
そして、来客などでお湯の使用量が多くなりお湯が不足しそうな場合は、昼間でも全量沸き増しスイッチをオン操作することにより貯湯タンク20内の水全量を、少量沸き増しスイッチをオン操作することにより貯湯タンク20内の水少量(例えば100リットル)を沸き上げることができるようにしてある。
【0016】
次に、図2を用いて本発明の一実施形態に係る電気温水器の動作を説明する。まず、ステップS1で外気温度が所定温度以下(例えば4℃)であると判断すると、ステップS2でフラグAを1にし、ステップ3で循環ポンプPを第1の所定時間(例えば45秒間)作動させる。ここで、第一の所定時間T1は、循環ポンプPを作動させて、浴槽104の湯水を循環させ風呂温度センサー28で浴槽104の湯水の温度を検出できる時間とし、これによって、風呂配管中の湯水の温度は、浴槽104の湯水の温度と同一にすることができる。具体的には、ポンプの循環流量をQ(リットル/分)とし、浴槽104からふろ温度センサー28までの配管長さをLとし、配管の断面積をAとすると、第一の所定時間T1は、以下の式1で求められ、実際はこれに配管の吸熱に対するマージンMを見込んで2倍〜4倍程度した値にする。
T1=L×A/Q×M・・・・・・式1
また、配管長さLや断面積Aが個々の現場で異なる場合は、温水器の施工条件の最大値としても構わない。一般的な施工条件は、配管径が12〜16mm、配管長さが最長で片側15mで、一般的なポンプでの循環流量は7〜10L/分になっている。
次に、ステップS4で、循環ポンプPの停止時間(第2の所定時間)を外気温度と風呂温度で変更し、以降このサイクルを繰り返す。ここで、第2の所定時間T2は、循環ポンプPが作動することで、風呂配管中の湯水の温度がふろ温度センサー28で検出した浴槽温度θ1になるため、これが、外気温度θ2の雰囲気で、配管内の湯水が凍結危険温度θ3まで低下する時間T2となる。T2は非定常熱伝導の基礎より下記の式2で求められる。
T2=(1/m)×ln((θ1−θ2)/(θ3−θ2))・・・・・・式2
このmは定数で、第2の所定時間T2の単位を分とした場合、実験値から0.01〜0.04になった。また、凍結危険温度θ3については、センサーの誤差等を顧慮し、4〜7℃程度が適切である。
【0017】
また、浴槽温度θ1は、循環ポンプPが45秒間作動した直後の風呂温度センサー28が検出した値である。ここでは、数式でT2を決めているが、温度θ1、θ2を適当な温度幅(例として5℃)に分けて、この温度幅の中で凍結に厳しい条件のT2にしても構わない。
また、浴槽温度θ1が、凍結危険温度θ3より低い場合は、浴槽温度θ1が所定の温度(例として10℃)に上昇するまで、循環ポンプPを作動させても構わない。
また、ステップS1で気温が4℃を超えていると判断すると、ステップS5で気温が所定温度以上(例えば7℃)であるか否かを判断する。気温が7℃以上であると判断すると、ステップ7でフラグAを0にし、ステップ1に戻る。7℃未満と判断するとステップ6でフラグAが0か判断し、0であればステップ3に進み、0でなければステップ1に戻る。
従って、循環ポンプが連続して作動しないため、浴槽内の温水の温度上昇やタンク内の温水の温度低下を抑えることが出来る。具体的には、浴槽水の温度θ1は残り湯のため20℃、外気温度θ2をー10℃、凍結危険温度θ3を5℃、定数mを0.03すると、式2よりT2は約23分になる。これから、循環ポンプが45秒間作動し、23分(1380秒)間停止するため、連続で運転させる場合に比べて、時間当たりのポンプ作動割合は約3%になり、タンクからの放熱量も同様に低減できるため、タンク内の温水の温度低下を抑えることができる。(下記の計算式から)。
時間当たりのポンプ作動割合=ポンプ作動時間/(ポンプ作動時間+ポンプ停止時間)
=45/(45+1380)×100=3(%)
【0018】
次に、図3を用いて本発明の一実施形態に係る電気温水器の動作を説明する。前述と同じステップについては、説明を省略する。
まず、ステップS1で気温が所定温度以下(例えば4℃)であると判断すると、ステップ12で、凍結予防のための循環ポンプの作動が有りか確認に、有りで無ければ、ステップ1に戻りポンプは作動しない。有りであれば、前述の記載と同様に、循環ポンプによる凍結予防を実施する。
さらには、リモコン102に凍結防止運転時の循環ポンプの作動有無選択手段を備えてもよい。また、一度設定すれば、不揮発性メモリー等に記憶し、毎回設定する手間も省くことも可能である。
風呂配管に保温材や凍結予防ヒータ等が施されて凍結の恐れが無い場合、循環ポンプの作動有無選択手段によって循環ポンプの作動無を選択できるため、浴槽内の温水の温度上昇やタンク内の温水の温度低下を抑えることが出来る。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】本発明の一実施形態に係る電気温水器の構成図
【図2】本発明の一実施形態に係る電気温水器の動作を示すフローチャート図
【図3】本発明の一実施形態に係る電気温水器の別の動作を示すフローチャート図
【符号の説明】
1…減圧弁
2…給水管
3…バイパス管
4…高温給湯管
5…湯張り高温給湯管
7…湯張り給水管
8…給湯管
9…湯張り給湯管
10…給湯混合弁
11…湯張り混合弁
12…第一電磁弁
13…第二電磁弁
14…給湯流量センサー
15…湯張り流量センサー
16…給湯温度センサー
17…給水温度センサー
18…高温水温度センサー
19…湯張り温度センサー
20…貯湯タンク
21…下部ヒーター
22…上部ヒーター
23…風呂熱交換器
24…タンク第一温度センサー
25…タンク第二温度センサー
26…タンク第三温度センサー
27…タンク第四温度センサー
28…風呂温度センサー
29…水位センサー
30…風呂水流スイッチ
31…風呂配管
32…逆止弁
33…安全弁
34…排水バルブ
35…気温センサー
100…電気温水器
101…本体制御部
102…リモコン
103…通信線
104…浴槽
105…循環アダプター
106…時間帯判断部
107…ヒーター制御部
108…給湯・湯張り制御部
109…残湯量検出部
110…風呂追焚制御部
111…本体通信部
112…時計機能部
113…温度設定部
114…昼間沸き増し操作部
115…追焚・湯張り操作部
116…表示部
117…通信部
P…循環ポンプ
[0001]
TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a method for preventing freezing of a hot water storage type electric water heater.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Conventionally, as a method for preventing freezing of a hot water storage type heating device having a reheating function of suctioning hot water in a bathtub by a circulation pump and warming the same, when the outside air temperature is equal to or lower than a dangerous freezing temperature, the circulation pump is operated and the inside of the bathtub is operated. If the temperature of hot water is equal to or higher than a predetermined temperature, there is a method of stopping the circulation pump (for example, see Patent Document 1).
[0003]
[Patent Document 1]
JP-A-5-187713 (page 2-3, FIG. 2)
[0004]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
However, in the conventional hot water storage type freezing prevention method, a hot water storage type heating device in which hot water in a bathtub is indirectly heated by a heat exchanger provided in a hot water storage tank can be heated at any time when heating is desired, and there is no time limit. However, in the electric water heater, if the circulating pump is operated unnecessarily to prevent freezing of the bath piping, the hot water temperature of the hot water storage tank that is kept warm by midnight power will be lowered. Basically, electric water heaters that use cheap late-night rates are turned on only at midnight and do not boil, so once the temperature drops, the water will not be boiled unless you wait until the next day. Thus, it is necessary to pay sufficient attention to the decrease in the temperature of the hot water in the hot water storage tank due to the anti-freezing operation.
[0005]
The present invention has been made in order to solve the above problems, and an object of the present invention is to operate a circulation pump to prevent freezing, and only hot and cold water in a bath pipe where freezing is considered is circulated at predetermined intervals. Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to provide a hot-water storage type electric water heater that can prevent freezing and can suppress a rise in temperature of hot water in a hot-water bath and a decrease in temperature of hot water in a hot-water storage tank to a minimum.
[0006]
[Means for Solving the Problems and Their Functions and Effects]
In order to achieve the above object, in claim 1, a hot water storage tank, a heater for heating the hot water in the hot water storage tank, and a heat exchange for exchanging heat between the hot water in the hot water storage tank and the hot and cold water in the bathtub are heated. A circulating pump for circulating hot and cold water in the bathtub to the heat exchanger in the middle of the bath piping, comprising: a bath, a bath pipe for connecting the bathtub and the heat exchanger; A bathtub temperature detecting means for detecting the temperature of hot and cold water in the inside, a pump circulation detecting means for detecting the presence or absence of operation of the circulating pump, and an outside air temperature detecting means for detecting an outside air temperature; When the temperature detected by the outside air temperature detecting means is equal to or lower than a predetermined temperature, performing an antifreeze operation of operating the circulation pump for a predetermined time so as to circulate only the amount of water corresponding to the capacity of the bath pipe. And butterflies.
As a result, the water in the piping which is likely to be frozen can be replaced with the hot and cold water in the bath as much as necessary, and the heat of the hot water storage type electric water heater is not unnecessarily lowered since no extra heat exchange is performed.
[0007]
According to a second aspect of the present invention, in the hot water storage type electric water heater according to the first aspect, the freeze prevention operation includes an intermittent operation of operating the circulating pump for a first predetermined time and stopping the circulation pump for a second predetermined time. The second predetermined time is changed depending on the temperature and the bathtub temperature.
As a result, the time required for the temperature of the pipe to decrease to a temperature at which freezing is considered due to a difference from the outside air temperature is different. By estimating the water in the pipe based on the outside air temperature, the intermittent operation time of the circulation pump can be set to a more optimal value, so that a rise in the temperature of the hot water in the bathtub and a drop in the temperature of the hot water in the tank can be suppressed.
[0008]
According to a third aspect of the present invention, there is provided the hot water storage type electric water heater according to any one of the first to second aspects, wherein whether or not the circulation pump is operated can be selected.
Thereby, when there is no danger of freezing due to the insulation material or the freeze prevention heater being applied to the bath pipe, the circulation pump can be selected to be inactive by the circulation pump operation presence / absence selection means. The temperature drop of the hot water in the tank can be suppressed.
[0009]
BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings.
[0010]
FIG. 1 is a configuration diagram of an electric water heater 100 according to one embodiment of the present invention.
First, water from the water supply source is depressurized by the pressure reducing valve 1, and is branched into a water supply pipe 2 and a bypass pipe 3 downstream of the pressure reducing valve 1.
The bypass pipe 3 communicates with the downstream hot water supply mixing valve 10 and includes a water supply temperature sensor 17 for detecting a water supply temperature.
The water supply pipe 2 communicates with a hot water storage tank 20, and a lower heater 21 and an upper heater 22 are attached to the hot water storage tank 20.
The water in the hot water storage tank 20 is heated by the lower heater 21 and the upper heater 22 so that the lower heater 21 has a high temperature detected by the tank first temperature sensor 24 and the upper heater 22 has a high temperature detected by the third tank temperature sensor 26.
Further, a drain valve 34 is provided below the hot water storage tank 20.
Further, a safety valve 33 for releasing expansion water generated when the water in the hot water storage tank 20 is heated is provided above the hot water storage tank 20.
In the hot water supply mixing valve 10 driven by the stepping motor, water from the bypass pipe 3 and high-temperature water from the high-temperature hot water supply pipe 4 are mixed, and hot water at an appropriate temperature is supplied to the hot water supply pipe 8.
The hot water supply pipe 8 is provided with a hot water supply temperature sensor 16 for detecting hot water supply temperature and a hot water supply flow rate sensor 14 as hot water supply detection means for detecting supply of hot water to the hot water supply pipe 8.
Further, the high-temperature hot water supply pipe 4 is provided with a high-temperature water temperature sensor 18 for detecting the temperature of the high-temperature hot water supplied from the hot water storage tank 20.
The hot water supply pipe 5 branched from the hot water supply pipe 4 communicates with the hot water mixing valve 11 via a first solenoid valve 12 for starting / stopping the supply of high temperature water.
[0011]
On the other hand, the hot water supply pipe 7 branched from the bypass pipe 3 communicates with the hot water mixing valve 11 via a second solenoid valve 13 for starting / stopping water supply.
In the hot water mixing valve 11 driven by a stepping motor, the water from the hot water supply pipe 7 and the high temperature water from the hot water hot water pipe 5 are mixed, and one of high temperature water, water and hot water is filled with hot water. It is supplied to the hot water supply pipe 9.
The hot water supply pipe 9 has a hot water temperature sensor 19 for detecting hot water temperature, a hot water flow sensor 15 for detecting hot water flow supplied to the hot water supply pipe 9, and a bathtub 104. A check valve 32 for preventing backflow is provided.
Further, a bath heat exchanger 23 is provided in the hot water storage tank 20, and is connected to a circulation adapter 105 attached to a wall surface of the bathtub 104 by a bath pipe 31.
The bath pipe 31 is provided with a circulation pump P for sucking hot water in the bathtub 104 to the bath heat exchanger 23 and sending it, and a bath water flow switch 30 for checking whether the circulation pump P is operating.
Further, a bath temperature sensor 28 for detecting the temperature of hot water in the bathtub 104 and a water level sensor 29 for detecting the level of hot water in the bathtub 104 are provided.
The hot water supply pipe 9 communicates with a bath pipe 31.
The temperature sensor 35 that detects the outside air temperature is provided at a position where the outside of the electric water heater 100 partially comes into contact with the outside air. Specifically, there is a hole in the bottom surface of the exterior part, and it is fixed to this part.
[0012]
The electric water heater 100 includes a main body control unit 101, and the main body control unit 101 determines that the current time measured by the clock function unit 112 described later is a midnight time zone (for example, from 23:00 to 7:00 the next day). Or a first daytime period (for example, from 7:00 to 17:00), or a second daytime period (for example, from 17:00 to 23:00). 106, hot water temperature sensor 17, hot water temperature sensor 18, hot water temperature sensor 16, hot water flow sensor 14, hot water temperature sensor 19, hot water mixing based on detection signals from hot water flow sensor 15, etc., and operation instructions from remote control 102. A hot water / hot water control unit 108 for controlling the valve 10, the hot water mixing valve 11, the first solenoid valve 12, the second solenoid valve 13, etc., and a temperature sensor 3 for boiling hot water in the bathtub 104. A bath reheating controller 110 for controlling the circulation pump P in order to prevent the freezing of the bath piping with the detection signals of the bath temperature sensor 28 and the like, the detection signals of the tank first temperature sensor 24 and the tank third temperature sensor 26, and A heater control unit 107 for controlling the lower heater 21 and the upper heater 22 based on an operation instruction from the remote controller 102 and the current time measured by the remote controller 102; a tank first temperature sensor 24, a tank second temperature sensor 25, and a tank The remaining hot water amount detection unit 109 for detecting the remaining hot water amount in the hot water storage tank 20 based on the detection temperatures of the three temperature sensor 26 and the fourth temperature sensor 27, and the main body communication unit 111 for mutually communicating with the remote controller 102 through the communication line 103. And
[0013]
The remote control 102 also includes a clock function unit 112 for setting and measuring the current time, and a lower heater when the current time measured by the clock function unit 112 is in the daytime (for example, from 7:00 to 23:00). It is set by a remote control 102 and a daytime additional heating operation unit 114 provided with a full heating switch for turning on when instructing the power supply to the power supply 21 and a small heating switch for turning on when the power supply to the upper heater 22 is instructed. A display unit 116 for displaying operating information such as a set value of hot water supply temperature and a remaining hot water amount detected by the remaining hot water amount detection unit 109; a hot water supply temperature setting switch for setting a set temperature of hot water supplied from the hot water supply pipe 8; A temperature provided with a filling temperature setting switch for setting a setting temperature of hot water to be filled to the bath 104 and a boiling temperature setting switch for setting a boiling temperature in the hot water storage tank 20. A setting unit 113, a hot water switch for turning on the hot water in the bathtub 104, a hot water setting switch for setting the amount of hot water to hot water in the bathtub 104, and a hot water switch for heating the hot water in the bathtub 104; The reheating and filling operation unit 115 having a bath reheating switch to be turned on, and the set temperature information set by the temperature setting unit 113 via the communication line 103 and the operation information of the electric water heater 100 are exchanged with the main body control unit 101. And a communication unit 117 for communication.
[0014]
With the above configuration, when the current time measured by the clock function unit 112 of the remote controller 102 recognizes that it is in the midnight time zone (for example, from 23:00 to 7:00 the next day), the heater control unit 107 sets The lower heater 21 is instructed to energize so that the boiling ends at the end time of the time zone, and the total amount of water (for example, 370 liters) in the hot water storage tank 20 is controlled by the late-night power by the tank first temperature sensor 24 so that the temperature of the remote controller 102 is controlled. Boiling is performed until the set boiling temperature set by the setting unit 113 is detected.
In addition, it is necessary to calculate the boiling start time in order to finish the boiling in accordance with the end time of the late night time zone, for example, calculate the remaining hot water heat amount based on the detected temperature of the tank temperature sensor, and the like. Calculate the amount of heat required for boiling from the remaining hot water calorific value, calculate the time required to boil the required calorific value, and calculate the time from the end time of the late night time zone to the time required to go back the required time as the boiling start time. Various methods are conceivable.
When a hot water tap (not shown) connected from the electric water heater 100 via the hot water supply pipe 8 is opened, the hot water in the hot water storage tank 20 that has boiled out is discharged.
The temperature of the spouted water can be set by the temperature setting unit 113 according to the application and preference.
[0015]
When the hot water in the hot water storage tank 20 is used for filling the bathtub 104, the filling switch of the filling operation unit 115 is turned on.
The filling temperature at this time can be set as desired by a filling temperature setting switch of the temperature setting unit 113, and the filling amount can be set according to the bathtub capacity by the filling amount setting switch of the filling operation unit 115. It is.
When hot water is used in the hot water storage tank 20, water is supplied from the lower part of the hot water storage tank to reduce the remaining hot water amount. Therefore, the user needs to use the hot water while checking the remaining hot water amount.
Therefore, for example, the total capacity of the hot water storage tank 20 is set to 370 liters, the tank first temperature sensor 24 at a position where the capacity from the top of the hot water storage tank 300 is 300 liters, the tank second temperature sensor 25 at a position of 150 liters, and 100 liters. If the tank third temperature sensor 26 is mounted at the position of the tank and the tank fourth temperature sensor 27 is mounted at the position of 50 liters, based on the detected temperature of each sensor (for example, if it is 45 ° C. or more, it is determined that there is residual hot water). The remaining hot water amount detected by the remaining hot water amount detection unit 109 is 300 liters or more, the remaining hot water amount is 150 liters to less than 300 liters, the remaining hot water amount is 100 liters to less than 150 liters, the remaining hot water amount is 50 liters to less than 100 liters, and the remaining hot water amount is less than 50 liters. The information is displayed on the display unit 116 of the remote It is to be able to see the remaining hot water.
Then, when the amount of hot water used is likely to be short due to a visitor or the like, the entire amount of water in the hot water storage tank 20 can be turned on by turning on the switch for boiling all the water in the daytime and turning on the switch. Thus, a small amount of water (for example, 100 liters) in the hot water storage tank 20 can be boiled.
[0016]
Next, the operation of the electric water heater according to one embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. First, when it is determined in step S1 that the outside air temperature is equal to or lower than a predetermined temperature (for example, 4 ° C.), the flag A is set to 1 in step S2, and the circulation pump P is operated for a first predetermined time (for example, 45 seconds) in step 3. . Here, the first predetermined time T1 is a time during which the circulation pump P is operated to circulate the hot water in the bathtub 104 and the temperature of the hot water in the bathtub 104 can be detected by the bath temperature sensor 28. The temperature of the hot water can be the same as the temperature of the hot water in the bathtub 104. Specifically, assuming that the circulation flow rate of the pump is Q (liter / minute), the length of the pipe from the bathtub 104 to the bath temperature sensor 28 is L, and the cross-sectional area of the pipe is A, the first predetermined time T1 is In practice, this is set to a value that is about 2 to 4 times in consideration of a margin M for heat absorption of the pipe.
T1 = L × A / Q × M Formula 1
In addition, when the pipe length L and the cross-sectional area A are different at each site, the maximum value of the construction condition of the water heater may be used. The general construction conditions are a pipe diameter of 12 to 16 mm, a pipe length of up to 15 m on one side, and a circulating flow rate of a general pump of 7 to 10 L / min.
Next, in step S4, the stop time (second predetermined time) of the circulation pump P is changed between the outside air temperature and the bath temperature, and this cycle is thereafter repeated. Here, during the second predetermined time T2, the temperature of the hot and cold water in the bath piping becomes the bathtub temperature θ1 detected by the bath temperature sensor 28 by operating the circulation pump P. , The time T2 at which the hot and cold water in the pipe drops to the freezing dangerous temperature θ3. T2 is obtained by the following equation 2 on the basis of the unsteady heat conduction.
T2 = (1 / m) × ln ((θ1−θ2) / (θ3−θ2)) Equation 2
This m is a constant, which is 0.01 to 0.04 from the experimental value when the unit of the second predetermined time T2 is minute. Also, about 4 to 7 ° C. is appropriate for the freezing dangerous temperature θ3 in consideration of the error of the sensor and the like.
[0017]
The bathtub temperature θ1 is a value detected by the bath temperature sensor 28 immediately after the circulation pump P operates for 45 seconds. Here, T2 is determined by a mathematical expression. However, the temperatures θ1 and θ2 may be divided into appropriate temperature ranges (for example, 5 ° C.), and T2 may be set to a condition that is hard to freeze within this temperature range.
When the bathtub temperature θ1 is lower than the freezing dangerous temperature θ3, the circulation pump P may be operated until the bathtub temperature θ1 rises to a predetermined temperature (for example, 10 ° C.).
If it is determined in step S1 that the air temperature exceeds 4 ° C., it is determined in step S5 whether the air temperature is equal to or higher than a predetermined temperature (for example, 7 ° C.). If it is determined that the temperature is equal to or higher than 7 ° C., the flag A is set to 0 in step 7 and the process returns to step 1. If it is determined that the temperature is lower than 7 ° C., it is determined in step 6 whether or not the flag A is 0. If 0, the process proceeds to step 3;
Therefore, since the circulation pump does not operate continuously, it is possible to suppress a rise in the temperature of the hot water in the bathtub and a drop in the temperature of the hot water in the tank. Specifically, when the bath water temperature θ1 is 20 ° C. because of the remaining hot water, the outside air temperature θ2 is −10 ° C., the freezing dangerous temperature θ3 is 5 ° C., and the constant m is 0.03, T2 is about 23 minutes from the equation (2). become. From this, the circulation pump operates for 45 seconds and stops for 23 minutes (1380 seconds), so the pump operation rate per hour is about 3% compared to the case of continuous operation, and the amount of heat radiation from the tank is also the same Therefore, a decrease in the temperature of the hot water in the tank can be suppressed. (From the formula below).
Pump operation ratio per hour = Pump operation time / (Pump operation time + Pump stop time)
= 45 / (45 + 1380) × 100 = 3 (%)
[0018]
Next, the operation of the electric water heater according to one embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. The description of the same steps as described above is omitted.
First, if it is determined in step S1 that the air temperature is equal to or lower than a predetermined temperature (for example, 4 ° C.), it is checked in step 12 whether the circulation pump for preventing freezing has been activated. Does not work. If there is, freeze prevention by the circulating pump is performed as described above.
Further, the remote controller 102 may be provided with a means for selecting whether or not to operate the circulation pump during the antifreezing operation. Further, once the setting is performed, the setting can be stored in a nonvolatile memory or the like, and the trouble of setting each time can be omitted.
If there is no danger of freezing due to the use of a heat insulating material or a freeze prevention heater on the bath piping, the circulation pump can be selected to be inactive or not by the circulation pump operation selection means. The temperature drop of the hot water can be suppressed.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a configuration diagram of an electric water heater according to an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 2 is a flowchart illustrating an operation of the electric water heater according to an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. Flow chart showing another operation of such an electric water heater [Description of reference numerals]
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Pressure reducing valve 2 ... Water supply pipe 3 ... Bypass pipe 4 ... Hot water supply pipe 5 ... Hot water hot water supply pipe 7 ... Hot water supply pipe 8 ... Hot water supply pipe 9 ... Hot water supply hot water pipe 10 ... Hot water mixing valve 11 ... Hot water mixing Valve 12 first electromagnetic valve 13 second electromagnetic valve 14 hot water supply flow sensor 15 hot water flow sensor 16 hot water temperature sensor 17 hot water temperature sensor 18 high temperature water temperature sensor 19 hot water temperature sensor 20 hot water storage tank 21 lower heater 22 upper heater 23 bath heat exchanger 24 tank first temperature sensor 25 tank second temperature sensor 26 tank third temperature sensor 27 tank fourth temperature sensor 28 bath temperature sensor 29 water level Sensor 30 Bath water flow switch 31 Bath piping 32 Check valve 33 Safety valve 34 Drain valve 35 Temperature sensor 100 Electric water heater 101 Main body controller 02 Remote controller 103 Communication line 104 Bathtub 105 Circulation adapter 106 Time zone judging unit 107 Heater control unit 108 Hot water supply / hot water control unit 109 Remaining hot water amount detection unit 110 Bath reheating control unit 111 Main unit communication Unit 112: Clock function unit 113: Temperature setting unit 114: Daytime additional heating operation unit 115: Additional heating / filling operation unit 116: Display unit 117: Communication unit P: Circulation pump

Claims (3)

貯湯タンクと、前記貯湯タンク内の湯水を加熱するヒーターと、前記貯湯タンク内にある湯水と浴槽内の湯水を熱交換して加熱するする熱交換器と、前記浴槽と前記熱交換器とを接続するための風呂配管とを備え、前記風呂配管の途中に、前記浴槽内の湯水を前記熱交換器へ循環させるための循環ポンプと、前記浴槽内の湯水の温度を検出するための浴槽温度検出手段と、前記循環ポンプの動作の有無を検出するためのポンプ循環検出手段と、外気温度を検出するための外気温度検出手段を備えるとともに、前記外気温度検出手段での検出温度が所定の温度以下である場合に、前記風呂配管の容量に対応した水量のみ循環するように前記循環ポンプを所定時間作動させる凍結防止動作を行なうことを特徴とする貯湯式電気温水器。A hot water storage tank, a heater that heats hot water in the hot water storage tank, a heat exchanger that heats the hot water in the hot water storage tank and hot water in the bath tub to heat the hot water storage tank, and the bath tub and the heat exchanger. A bath pipe for connection, a circulation pump for circulating hot water in the bath tub to the heat exchanger in the middle of the bath pipe, and a bath tub temperature for detecting a temperature of hot water in the bath tub. Detecting means, a pump circulation detecting means for detecting the presence or absence of operation of the circulating pump, and an outside air temperature detecting means for detecting an outside air temperature, wherein a temperature detected by the outside air temperature detecting means is a predetermined temperature. A water storage type electric water heater characterized by performing an anti-freezing operation of operating the circulation pump for a predetermined time so that only the amount of water corresponding to the capacity of the bath pipe is circulated in the following cases. 請求項1の貯湯式電気温水器において、前記凍結防止動作は前記循環ポンプを第1の所定時間作動させ、第2の所定時間の間停止させる間欠運転を行なうとともに、外気温度と浴槽温度によって、第2の所定時間を変更することを特徴とする貯湯式電気温水器。2. The hot water storage type electric water heater according to claim 1, wherein the freeze prevention operation is an intermittent operation in which the circulating pump is operated for a first predetermined time and stopped for a second predetermined time, and the outside air temperature and the bathtub temperature are used. A hot water storage type electric water heater characterized by changing a second predetermined time. 請求項1乃至2記載の貯湯式電気温水器において、前記循環ポンプの作動の有無を選択できることを特徴とする貯湯式電気温水器。3. The hot water storage type electric water heater according to claim 1, wherein the operation of the circulation pump can be selected.
JP2002315423A 2002-10-30 2002-10-30 Storage electric water heater Pending JP2004150688A (en)

Priority Applications (1)

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JP2002315423A JP2004150688A (en) 2002-10-30 2002-10-30 Storage electric water heater

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Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2006300470A (en) * 2005-04-25 2006-11-02 Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd Hot water storage type water heater
JP2007278543A (en) * 2006-04-03 2007-10-25 Toshiba Electric Appliance Co Ltd Water heater
JP2009008373A (en) * 2007-05-31 2009-01-15 Corona Corp Storage water heater
JP2013096663A (en) * 2011-11-02 2013-05-20 Corona Corp Freezing prevention control for bath device
JP2013170742A (en) * 2012-02-20 2013-09-02 Toshiba Carrier Corp Water heater
JP2013181705A (en) * 2012-03-01 2013-09-12 Corona Corp Bath device
JP2014025636A (en) * 2012-07-26 2014-02-06 Toshiba Carrier Corp Hot water supply device
JP2014153023A (en) * 2013-02-13 2014-08-25 Panasonic Corp Hot water supply system

Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2006300470A (en) * 2005-04-25 2006-11-02 Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd Hot water storage type water heater
JP2007278543A (en) * 2006-04-03 2007-10-25 Toshiba Electric Appliance Co Ltd Water heater
JP2009008373A (en) * 2007-05-31 2009-01-15 Corona Corp Storage water heater
JP2013096663A (en) * 2011-11-02 2013-05-20 Corona Corp Freezing prevention control for bath device
JP2013170742A (en) * 2012-02-20 2013-09-02 Toshiba Carrier Corp Water heater
JP2013181705A (en) * 2012-03-01 2013-09-12 Corona Corp Bath device
JP2014025636A (en) * 2012-07-26 2014-02-06 Toshiba Carrier Corp Hot water supply device
JP2014153023A (en) * 2013-02-13 2014-08-25 Panasonic Corp Hot water supply system

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