JP2004126260A - Method of manufacturing toner - Google Patents

Method of manufacturing toner Download PDF

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Publication number
JP2004126260A
JP2004126260A JP2002290658A JP2002290658A JP2004126260A JP 2004126260 A JP2004126260 A JP 2004126260A JP 2002290658 A JP2002290658 A JP 2002290658A JP 2002290658 A JP2002290658 A JP 2002290658A JP 2004126260 A JP2004126260 A JP 2004126260A
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JP
Japan
Prior art keywords
toner
roll
kneaded
inorganic oxide
weight
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JP2002290658A
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Japanese (ja)
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JP3926246B2 (en
Inventor
Akihiro Sakaeda
栄田 朗宏
Atsushi Shimizu
清水 淳
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Kao Corp
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Kao Corp
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Priority to JP2002290658A priority Critical patent/JP3926246B2/en
Publication of JP2004126260A publication Critical patent/JP2004126260A/en
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Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a method capable of easily manufacturing a toner used for developing latent image in an electrophotographic process or the like and excellent in dot reproducibility, particularly dot reproducibility at the time of plate wear. <P>SOLUTION: The method of manufacturing the toner includes a step in which at least a binder resin and a colorant are kneaded under melting, cooled and coarsely ground, the resulting kneaded material is mixed with at least two inorganic oxides hydrophobed with different treating agents and the kneaded material is further comminuted. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2004,JPO

Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、電子写真法、静電記録法、静電印刷法等において形成される潜像の現像に用いられるトナーの製造方法に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
ドット再現性を向上させる手段として、樹脂やワックスの種類や物性を規定したトナー、例えば、特定の酸価を有するポリエステルと特定の溶融粘度を有するワックスを含有したトナーが提案されている(特許文献1参照)。しかしながら、かかる手段は、トナー材料の選択における制限が多く、定着性等の熱特性を考慮すると適用が困難な場合がある。
【0003】
一方、トナーの製造方法として、粗粉砕した混練物をシリカ等の流動性付与剤と混合した後に、微粉砕する手段が提案されている(特許文献2参照)。しかしながら、かかる手段は、トナーの収率向上を目的とするもので、画質の向上という観点から検討されたものではない。
【0004】
【特許文献1】
特開平10−246982号公報(請求項1)
【特許文献2】
特開2002−131979号公報(請求項1)
【0005】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
本発明の目的は、ドット再現性、特に耐刷時のドット再現性に優れたトナーを容易に製造しうる方法を提供することにある。
【0006】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明は、少なくとも結着樹脂及び着色剤を溶融混練し、冷却した後、粗粉砕した混練物を、異なる処理剤により疎水化処理された少なくとも2種の無機酸化物と混合し、前記混練物をさらに粉砕する工程を有するトナーの製造方法に関する。
【0007】
【発明の実施の形態】
本発明における結着樹脂としては、ポリエステル、スチレン−アクリル樹脂等のビニル系樹脂、エポキシ樹脂、ポリカーボネート、ポリウレタン、2種以上の樹脂成分が部分的に化学結合したハイブリッド樹脂等が挙げられ、特に限定されないが、これらの中では、着色剤の分散性の観点からポリエステル及びポリエステル成分とビニル系樹脂成分とを有するハイブリッド樹脂が好ましく、ポリエステルがより好ましい。ポリエステルの含有量は、結着樹脂中50〜100重量%、好ましくは80〜100重量%、より好ましくは100重量%が特に好ましい。
【0008】
ポリエステルの原料モノマーとしては、2価以上のアルコールからなるアルコール成分と、2価以上のカルボン酸、カルボン酸無水物、カルボン酸エステル等のカルボン酸化合物からなるカルボン酸成分が用いられる。
【0009】
アルコール成分としては、ポリオキシプロピレン(2.2)−2,2−ビス(4−ヒドロキシフェニル)プロパン、ポリオキシエチレン(2.2)−2,2−ビス(4−ヒドロキシフェニル)プロパン等のビスフェノールAのアルキレンオキサイド(平均付加モル数1〜16)付加物、エチレングリコール、プロピレングリコール等の2価のアルコール、グリセリン、ペンタエリスリトール等の3価以上のアルコール成分等が挙げられる。
【0010】
また、カルボン酸成分としては、フタル酸、イソフタル酸、テレフタル酸、フマル酸、マレイン酸、ドデセニルコハク酸、オクチルコハク酸等の炭素数1〜20のアルキル基又は炭素数2〜20のアルケニル基で置換されたコハク酸等のジカルボン酸、トリメリット酸、ピロメリット酸等の3価以上のカルボン酸、これらの酸の無水物、アルキル(炭素数1〜8)エステル等が挙げられる。
【0011】
ポリエステルはアルコール成分とカルボン酸成分を、不活性ガス雰囲気中にて、要すればエステル化触媒を用いて、180〜250℃の温度で縮重合させることにより製造することができる。
【0012】
ポリエステルの酸価は、着色剤の分散性、トナーの帯電性の観点から、0.5〜60mgKOH/gが好ましく、水酸基価は、1〜60mgKOH/gが好ましい。
【0013】
また、ポリエステルの軟化点は、80〜165℃が好ましく、ガラス転移点は50〜90℃が好ましい。
【0014】
また、本発明において、ハイブリッド樹脂は、2種以上の樹脂を原料として得られたものであっても、1種の樹脂と他種の樹脂の原料モノマーから得られたものであっても、さらに2種以上の樹脂の原料モノマーの混合物から得られたものであってもよいが、効率よくハイブリッド樹脂を得るためには、2種以上の樹脂の原料モノマーの混合物から得られたものが好ましい。
【0015】
従って、ハイブリッド樹脂としては、各々独立した反応経路を有する二つの重合系樹脂の原料モノマー、好ましくはポリエステルの原料モノマーとビニル系樹脂の原料モノマーを混合し、該二つの重合反応を行わせることにより得られる樹脂が好ましく、具体的には、特開平10−087839号公報に記載のハイブリッド樹脂が好ましい。
【0016】
本発明における着色剤としては、トナー用着色剤として用いられている染料、顔料等のすべてを使用することができ、カーボンブラック、フタロシアニンブルー、パーマネントブラウンFG、ブリリアントファーストスカーレット、ピグメントグリーンB、ローダミン−Bベース、ソルベントレッド49、ソルベントレッド146 、ソルベントブルー35、キナクリドン、カーミン6B、ジスアゾエロー等が挙げられ、これらは単独で又は2種以上を混合して用いることができ、本発明により製造するトナーは、黒トナー、カラートナー、フルカラートナーのいずれであってもよい。着色剤の使用量は、結着樹脂100重量部に対して、1〜40重量部が好ましく、3〜10重量部がより好ましい。
【0017】
本発明においては、結着樹脂及び着色剤に加えて、さらに離型剤、荷電制御剤、流動性向上剤、導電性調整剤、体質顔料、繊維状物質等の補強充填剤、酸化防止剤、老化防止剤、クリーニング性向上剤等の添加剤が適宜含有されていてもよい。
【0018】
離型剤としては、ポリプロピレンワックス、ポリエチレンワックス、フィッシャートロプッシュ等の合成ワックス、モンタンワックス等の石炭系ワックス、アルコール系ワックス等のワックスが挙げられ、特に限定されないが、本発明では、後述するヒドロキシ酸エステルを含有した離型剤が好ましい。
【0019】
ヒドロキシ酸エステルを含有した離型剤としては、カルナウバワックス、ライスワックス等の天然ワックス、セリル−ω−ヒドロキシセロテート(Ceryl−ω−hydroxycerotate) 、セリル−ω−ヒドロキシメリセート(Ceryl−ω−hydroxymelissate)、ミリシル−ω−ヒドロキシメリセート(Myricyl−ω−hydroxymelissate)等のヒドロキシ酸エステルを含有した合成ワックス等が挙げられる。離型剤におけるヒドロキシ酸エステルの含有量は、20重量%以上が好ましく、30重量%以上がより好ましく、40重量%以上が特に好ましく、50重量%以上が最も好ましい。
【0020】
ヒドロキシ酸エステルを含有した離型剤の融点は、保存性及び耐オフセット性の観点から、好ましくは65〜110℃、より好ましくは70〜100℃である。
【0021】
離型剤の使用量は、結着樹脂100重量部に対して、2重量部以上が好ましく、3〜25重量部がより好ましく、5〜20重量部が特に好ましい。なお、ヒドロキシ酸エステルを含有した離型剤を用いる場合は、ヒドロキシ酸エステルの量が、耐オフセット性及び定着性の観点から、結着樹脂100重量部に対して、好ましくは1重量部以上、より好ましくは2〜25重量部、特に好ましくは2.5〜20重量部となるように、離型剤の使用量を調整するのが望ましい。本発明による効果は、離型剤を多めに使用した場合に、より顕著に発揮される。
【0022】
結着樹脂、着色剤、添加剤等の溶融混練は、密閉式ニーダー、1軸もしくは2軸の押出機、オープンロール型混練機の公知の混練機を用いて行うことができるが、本発明においては、ワックスの微分散性の観点から、オープンロール型混練機を用いるのが好ましい。
【0023】
本発明で用いるオープンロール型混練機としては、回転速度の異なる2本のロールを有する二本ロール型混練機であるのが好ましく、また、生産効率と設備の簡素化の観点から連続式の混練機であるのが好ましい。
【0024】
ロールの回転速度は、回転速度が速い方のロール(高回転ロール)では、50〜150r/minが好ましく、50〜100r/minがより好ましい。また、回転速度が遅い方のロール(低回転ロール)では、高回転ロールの回転速度よりも、10〜75r/min、より好ましくは10〜30r/min低回転であるのが好ましい。
【0025】
混練物が高回転ロールに張りつきやすくするために、高回転ロールの温度は結着樹脂の軟化点及び離型剤の融点のいずれの温度よりも高く、低回転ロールの温度は結着樹脂の軟化点及び離型剤の融点のいずれの温度よりも低く調整されているのが好ましい。
【0026】
高回転ロールの温度は、結着樹脂の軟化点及び離型剤の融点のいずれの温度よりも高いことが好ましく、そのいずれかの高い方の温度よりも、0〜80℃高いことがより好ましく、5〜50℃高いことが特に好ましい。また、低回転ロールの温度は、結着樹脂の軟化点及び離型剤の融点のいずれの温度よりも低いことが好ましく、そのいずれかの低い方の温度よりも、0〜80℃低いことがより好ましく、40〜80℃低いことが特に好ましい。
【0027】
高回転ロールと低回転ロールの温度の差は、60〜150℃が好ましく、80〜120℃がより好ましい。なお、ロールの温度は、ロール内部に通す熱媒体の温度により調整することができ、各ロールには、ロール内部を2以上に分割して温度の異なる熱媒体を通じてもよい。
【0028】
2本のロールは互いに近接して配設されているのが好ましく、ロールの間隙は、0.01〜5mmが好ましく、0.05〜2mmがより好ましい。
【0029】
ロールの構造、大きさ、材料等は特に限定されず、ロール表面も、平滑、波型、凸凹型等のいずれであってもよい。
【0030】
次いで、得られた混練物を、粉砕可能な硬度に達するまで冷却し、粗粉砕する。本発明では、粗粉砕により、混練物を、好ましくは平均粒子径が0.03〜4mm、より好ましくは0.05〜2mmとなるまで粉砕する。粗粉砕に用いられる粉砕機としては、アトマイザー、ロートプレックス等が挙げられる。
【0031】
続いて、粗粉砕した混練物をさらに微粉砕するに先立って、本発明では、粗粉砕した混練物を疎水化処理の異なる少なくとも2種の無機酸化物と混合する点に特徴を有する。粗粉砕した混練物を無機酸化物と混合した後に微粉砕することにより、得られるトナーのドット再現性が格段に向上する。このような本発明の効果が得られる理由の詳細は不明なるも、混練物の微粉砕工程の前に無機酸化物を添加することにより、単に粉砕効率が向上するのみならず、トナー製造の最終工程において無機酸化物を外添する通常の方法と比較して、トナー表面における無機酸化物の付着状態の均一性が向上するためではないかと推定される。さらに、本発明では、疎水化処理の異なる2種の無機酸化物を用いることにより、無機酸化物の流動性や帯電性のバランスが良好となり、トナー表面における無機酸化物の付着状態の均一性がより一層向上するものと推定される。
【0032】
本発明における無機酸化物としては、シリカ、チタニア、アルミナ、酸化亜鉛、酸化マグネシウム、酸化セリウム、酸化鉄、酸化銅、酸化錫等が挙げられ、これらの中では、帯電性付与の観点から、シリカが好ましい。
【0033】
無機酸化物に施される疎水化処理の方法は特に限定されず、処理剤としては、ヘキサメチルジシラザン(HMDS)、ジメチルジクロロシラン(DMDS)等のシランカップリング剤、ジメチルシリコーンオイル、アミノ変性シリコーンオイル等のシリコーンオイル処理剤等が挙げられ、これらの中では、シランカップリング剤が好ましい。処理剤による処理量は、無機酸化物の表面積あたり、1〜7mg/m2 が好ましい。
【0034】
無機酸化物の平均粒子径は、4nm以上が好ましく、8〜100nmがより好ましいが、本発明では、平均粒子径の異なる無機酸化物を少なくとも2種用いることが好ましい。2種の無機酸化物を用いる場合、粒径の大きい方の無機酸化物(大粒径無機酸化物)の平均粒子径は、8〜100nmが好ましく、10〜50nmがより好ましい。また、粒径の小さい方の無機酸化物(小粒径無機酸化物)の平均粒子径は、4〜30nmが好ましく、6〜20nmがより好ましい。互いの無機酸化物の平均粒子径の差は、1〜40nmが好ましく、3〜30nmがより好ましい。
【0035】
粗粉砕した混練物と無機微粒子との混合は、ヘンシェルミキサーを用いて行うことができる。無機酸化物の配合量は、粗粉砕された混練物100重量部に対して、0.1〜20重量部が好ましく、0.5〜6重量部がより好ましい。本発明では、少なくとも2種の無機酸化物を用いるが、それぞれの無機酸化物の配合量が、無機酸化物の総量において、好ましくは20重量%以上、より好ましくは30〜80重量%となるように用いる。
【0036】
なお、粗粉砕した混練物は、疎水化処理された無機酸化物とともに、疎水化処理されていない無機酸化物や樹脂微粒子を本発明の効果を損なわない範囲で混合してもよい。
【0037】
続いて、無機酸化物と混合した混練物を、ジェットミル、衝突板式ミル、回転型機械ミル等を用いて、さらに微粉砕する。
【0038】
本発明では、工業的に連続生産するために、粗粉砕した混練物と無機酸化物の混合から微粉砕までの工程を連続して行なうこと、即ち、粗粉砕した混練物と無機酸化物とを連続的に攪拌混合に供し、得られた混合物を連続的に微粉砕に供することが好ましい。
【0039】
微粉砕した混練物の平均粒子径は、15μm以下が好ましく、3〜10μmがより好ましい。
【0040】
微粉砕した混練物を、必要に応じて分級することにより、トナーを得ることができる。分級に用いられる分級装置としては、風力分級機、慣性式分級機、篩式分級機等が挙げられる。
【0041】
本発明により得られるトナーの体積平均粒子径は、3〜10μmが好ましい。なお、微粉砕物や分級工程後に得られたトナー粒子に、さらに本発明に用いる疎水化処理された無機酸化物や、その他の無機酸化物、樹脂微粒子等を外添してもよい。
【0042】
【実施例】
樹脂製造例1
ポリオキシプロピレン(2.2)−2,2−ビス(4−ヒドロキシフェニル)プロパン714g、ポリオキシエチレン(2.2)−2,2−ビス(4−ヒドロキシフェニル)プロパン663g、イソフタル酸518g、イソオクテニルコハク酸70g、トリメリット酸80g及び酸化ジブチル錫2gを窒素雰囲気下、210℃で攪拌しつつ、ASTM  D36−86により測定した軟化点が130℃に達するまで反応させて、樹脂Aを得た。
【0043】
実施例1〜4、比較例1〜3
樹脂A 7000g、着色剤「ECB−301」(大日精化工業社製)210g、ポリプロピレンワックス「NP−105」(三井化学社製)140g及び荷電制御剤「ボントロン  E−84」(オリエント化学工業製)70gをヘンシェルミキサーに投入し、槽内温度40℃で2分間攪拌混合して原料混合物を得た。得られた原料混合物を連続型二軸混練機により100℃で溶融混練を行い混練物を得た。得られた混練物を空気中で冷却したのち、アトマイザー(東京アトマイザー製造社製)にて粗粉砕し、目開き2mmの篩いに通し、最大径2mmの粗粉砕物を得た。得られた粗粉砕物100重量部と表1に示す無機酸化物Aとをヘンシェルミキサーで1分間混合した。無機酸化物が付着した粗粉砕物を、ジェットミル粉砕機(日本ニューマチック社製)にて微粉砕し、さらにその微粉砕物を分級し、体積平均粒子径が8.5μmの粉体を得た。得られた粉体100重量部と表1に示す無機酸化物Bをヘンシェルミキサーで3分間攪拌混合してトナーを得た。なお、得られたトナーにおける、粗粉砕物と混合した無機酸化物Aの残存量は、ほぼ60重量%程度であった。
【0044】
実施例5〜7、比較例4、5
ポリプロピレンワックスの代わりにカルナバワックス(加藤洋行社製)140gを用い、原料混合物を、連続型二軸混練機の代わりに連続式2本オープンロール型混練機「ニーデックス」(三井鉱山(株)製)を用いて溶融混練し、表1に示す無機酸化物A及びBを用いた以外は、実施例1と同様にして、トナーを得た。
【0045】
なお、使用したオープンロール型連続式混練機は、ロール外径が0.14m、有効ロール長が0.8mのものであり、運転条件は、高回転側ロール(前ロール)の回転数が75回転/分、低回転側ロール(後ロール)の回転数が50回転/分、ロール間隙が0.1mmであった。ロール内の加熱及び冷却媒体温度は、高回転ロールの原料投入側の温度を150℃、混練物排出側の温度を130℃、低回転ロールの原料投入側の温度を35℃及び混練物排出側の温度を30℃に設定した。また、原料混合物の供給速度は5kg/時、平均滞留時間は約5分間であった。
【0046】
【表1】

Figure 2004126260
【0047】
実施例及び比較例で用いた無機酸化物の詳細を表2に示す。
【0048】
【表2】
Figure 2004126260
【0049】
試験例
「COLOR PAGEPRESTO N4 」(カシオ電子工業社製)にトナーを実装し、ハーフトーン画像を印刷し、その均一性を目視判断することにより、以下の評価基準に従って初期のドット再現性を評価した。さらに、印字率5%の画像を6000枚連続して印刷し、3000枚印刷時点、6000枚印刷時点で、それぞれハーフトーン画像を印刷してそのドット再現性を同様に評価した。結果を表3に示す。
【0050】
〔評価基準〕
◎:ハーフトーンが全体的に均一でムラがない。
○:一部にムラが見られるものの、ほぼ均一。
△:ところどころムラが見られ、粒状感が感じられる。
×:ムラ、粒状感が大きい。(フィルミング)は、さらにフィルミングに起因すると思われるスジが見られることを示す。
【0051】
【表3】
Figure 2004126260
【0052】
以上の結果より、粗粉砕した混練物に添加する無機酸化物として、疎水化処理の異なる少なくとも2種以上の無機酸化物を使用した実施例1〜7では、初期のみらならず、特にトナーのライフエンドに近い6000枚印刷時においても良好なドット再現性を有する。
これに対し、粗粉砕物に添加する無機酸化物が1種、もしくは2種であっても疎水化処理が同じものを使用した比較例1〜5については、耐刷に伴うドット再現性の低下が明らかである。特に、疎水化処理されたチタニアを単独で用いた比較例5においては、フィルミングも発生している。
【0053】
【発明の効果】
本発明により、印刷初期のみならず、耐刷時にも優れたドット再現性を有するトナーを容易に製造することができる。[0001]
TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a method for producing a toner used for developing a latent image formed in an electrophotographic method, an electrostatic recording method, an electrostatic printing method, or the like.
[0002]
[Prior art]
As means for improving the dot reproducibility, a toner in which the type and physical properties of the resin and wax are specified, for example, a toner containing a polyester having a specific acid value and a wax having a specific melt viscosity has been proposed (Patent Documents) 1). However, such means has many limitations in selecting a toner material, and may be difficult to apply in consideration of thermal characteristics such as fixability.
[0003]
On the other hand, as a method for producing a toner, a means has been proposed in which a coarsely kneaded mixture is mixed with a fluidity imparting agent such as silica and then finely pulverized (see Patent Document 2). However, such means is intended to improve the yield of toner, and has not been studied from the viewpoint of improving image quality.
[0004]
[Patent Document 1]
JP-A-10-246982 (Claim 1)
[Patent Document 2]
Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2002-131979 (Claim 1)
[0005]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION It is an object of the present invention to provide a method capable of easily producing a toner having excellent dot reproducibility, particularly, dot reproducibility during printing.
[0006]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The present invention is characterized in that at least a binder resin and a colorant are melt-kneaded, cooled, and then the coarsely kneaded kneaded material is mixed with at least two types of inorganic oxides that have been hydrophobized with different processing agents, and the kneaded material is mixed. And a method for producing a toner having a step of further pulverizing the toner.
[0007]
BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
Examples of the binder resin in the present invention include polyester resins, vinyl resins such as styrene-acrylic resins, epoxy resins, polycarbonates, polyurethanes, and hybrid resins in which two or more resin components are partially chemically bonded. However, among these, polyester and a hybrid resin having a polyester component and a vinyl resin component are preferable from the viewpoint of dispersibility of the colorant, and polyester is more preferable. The content of the polyester is particularly preferably 50 to 100% by weight, preferably 80 to 100% by weight, more preferably 100% by weight in the binder resin.
[0008]
As a raw material monomer of the polyester, an alcohol component composed of a divalent or higher valent alcohol and a carboxylic acid component composed of a carboxylic acid compound such as a divalent or higher carboxylic acid, a carboxylic anhydride, and a carboxylic ester are used.
[0009]
Examples of the alcohol component include polyoxypropylene (2.2) -2,2-bis (4-hydroxyphenyl) propane and polyoxyethylene (2.2) -2,2-bis (4-hydroxyphenyl) propane. Examples include an alkylene oxide (average addition mole number of 1 to 16) adduct of bisphenol A, a dihydric alcohol such as ethylene glycol and propylene glycol, and a trihydric or higher alcohol component such as glycerin and pentaerythritol.
[0010]
As the carboxylic acid component, phthalic acid, isophthalic acid, terephthalic acid, fumaric acid, maleic acid, dodecenyl succinic acid, substituted with an alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms or an alkenyl group having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, such as octyl succinic acid. Dicarboxylic acids such as succinic acid, etc., trivalent or higher carboxylic acids such as trimellitic acid and pyromellitic acid, anhydrides of these acids, and alkyl (C1-8) esters.
[0011]
The polyester can be produced by condensation polymerization of an alcohol component and a carboxylic acid component in an inert gas atmosphere, if necessary, using an esterification catalyst at a temperature of 180 to 250 ° C.
[0012]
The acid value of the polyester is preferably from 0.5 to 60 mgKOH / g, and the hydroxyl value is preferably from 1 to 60 mgKOH / g from the viewpoints of the dispersibility of the colorant and the chargeability of the toner.
[0013]
The softening point of the polyester is preferably from 80 to 165C, and the glass transition point is preferably from 50 to 90C.
[0014]
Further, in the present invention, the hybrid resin may be obtained from two or more kinds of resins as raw materials, or may be obtained from one kind of resin and a raw material monomer of another kind of resin. A resin obtained from a mixture of two or more kinds of resin raw material monomers may be used. However, in order to obtain a hybrid resin efficiently, a resin obtained from a mixture of two or more kinds of resin raw material monomers is preferable.
[0015]
Therefore, as a hybrid resin, by mixing the raw material monomers of two polymerizable resins each having an independent reaction path, preferably a raw material monomer of a polyester and a raw material monomer of a vinyl resin, and allowing the two polymerization reactions to take place. The obtained resin is preferred, and specifically, the hybrid resin described in JP-A-10-08739 is preferred.
[0016]
As the colorant in the present invention, all dyes and pigments used as toner colorants can be used. Carbon black, phthalocyanine blue, permanent brown FG, brilliant first scarlet, pigment green B, rhodamine- B base, Solvent Red 49, Solvent Red 146, Solvent Blue 35, quinacridone, carmine 6B, disazo yellow, etc., and these can be used alone or in combination of two or more. , Black toner, color toner, and full-color toner. The amount of the colorant to be used is preferably 1 to 40 parts by weight, more preferably 3 to 10 parts by weight, based on 100 parts by weight of the binder resin.
[0017]
In the present invention, in addition to the binder resin and the colorant, a release agent, a charge control agent, a fluidity improver, a conductivity adjuster, a filler, a reinforcing filler such as a fibrous substance, an antioxidant, Additives such as an antioxidant and a cleaning improver may be appropriately contained.
[0018]
Examples of the release agent include polypropylene wax, polyethylene wax, synthetic wax such as Fischer-Tropsch, coal-based wax such as montan wax, and wax such as alcohol-based wax, and are not particularly limited. Release agents containing acid esters are preferred.
[0019]
Examples of the release agent containing a hydroxy acid ester include natural waxes such as carnauba wax and rice wax, ceryl-ω-hydroxycerotate, and ceryl-ω-hydroxymelosate (Ceryl-ω-). and a synthetic wax containing a hydroxy acid ester such as hydroxymethylislate and myricyl-ω-hydroxymelisate. The content of the hydroxy acid ester in the release agent is preferably 20% by weight or more, more preferably 30% by weight or more, particularly preferably 40% by weight or more, and most preferably 50% by weight or more.
[0020]
The melting point of the release agent containing a hydroxy acid ester is preferably from 65 to 110 ° C, more preferably from 70 to 100 ° C, from the viewpoint of storage stability and offset resistance.
[0021]
The amount of the release agent used is preferably 2 parts by weight or more, more preferably 3 to 25 parts by weight, and particularly preferably 5 to 20 parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight of the binder resin. When a release agent containing a hydroxy acid ester is used, the amount of the hydroxy acid ester is preferably 1 part by weight or more based on 100 parts by weight of the binder resin from the viewpoint of offset resistance and fixability. It is desirable to adjust the amount of the release agent to be more preferably 2 to 25 parts by weight, particularly preferably 2.5 to 20 parts by weight. The effect of the present invention is more remarkably exhibited when a large amount of the release agent is used.
[0022]
The melt-kneading of the binder resin, the colorant, the additives and the like can be performed using a known kneader such as a closed kneader, a single-screw or twin-screw extruder, or an open-roll kneader. It is preferable to use an open roll type kneader from the viewpoint of fine dispersion of wax.
[0023]
The open-roll type kneader used in the present invention is preferably a two-roll type kneader having two rolls having different rotation speeds, and a continuous kneader from the viewpoint of production efficiency and simplification of equipment. Machine.
[0024]
The rotation speed of the roll is preferably 50 to 150 r / min, and more preferably 50 to 100 r / min, for a roll having a higher rotation speed (high rotation roll). Further, it is preferable that the rotation speed of the roll having a lower rotation speed (low rotation roll) is lower than that of the high rotation roll by 10 to 75 r / min, more preferably 10 to 30 r / min.
[0025]
The temperature of the high rotation roll is higher than the softening point of the binder resin and the melting point of the release agent, and the temperature of the low rotation roll is It is preferable that the temperature is adjusted to be lower than either the point or the melting point of the release agent.
[0026]
The temperature of the high rotation roll is preferably higher than any of the softening point of the binder resin and the melting point of the release agent, and more preferably 0 to 80 ° C. higher than any of the higher temperatures. , 5 to 50 ° C higher is particularly preferred. Further, the temperature of the low rotation roll is preferably lower than any of the softening point of the binder resin and the melting point of the release agent, and it is preferably 0 to 80 ° C. lower than the lower one of the temperatures. It is more preferable that the temperature is lower by 40 to 80 ° C.
[0027]
The temperature difference between the high rotation roll and the low rotation roll is preferably from 60 to 150 ° C, more preferably from 80 to 120 ° C. In addition, the temperature of the roll can be adjusted by the temperature of the heat medium passed through the inside of the roll. For each roll, the inside of the roll may be divided into two or more and heat medium having different temperatures may be passed.
[0028]
The two rolls are preferably disposed close to each other, and the gap between the rolls is preferably 0.01 to 5 mm, more preferably 0.05 to 2 mm.
[0029]
The structure, size, material, and the like of the roll are not particularly limited, and the roll surface may be any of a smooth, corrugated, and uneven type.
[0030]
Next, the obtained kneaded material is cooled until it reaches a pulverizable hardness, and coarsely pulverized. In the present invention, the kneaded material is pulverized by coarse pulverization until the average particle diameter is preferably 0.03 to 4 mm, more preferably 0.05 to 2 mm. Examples of the pulverizer used for the coarse pulverization include an atomizer and a rotoplex.
[0031]
Then, prior to further pulverizing the coarsely ground kneaded material, the present invention is characterized in that the coarsely ground kneaded material is mixed with at least two kinds of inorganic oxides having different hydrophobic treatments. By mixing the coarsely pulverized kneaded material with the inorganic oxide and then pulverizing the mixture, the dot reproducibility of the obtained toner is remarkably improved. Although the details of the reason why the effects of the present invention can be obtained are unknown, the addition of the inorganic oxide before the kneaded material pulverization step not only improves the pulverization efficiency but also improves the final production of the toner. It is presumed that this is because the uniformity of the adhesion state of the inorganic oxide on the toner surface is improved as compared with the usual method of externally adding the inorganic oxide in the process. Furthermore, in the present invention, by using two types of inorganic oxides having different hydrophobizing treatments, the fluidity and chargeability of the inorganic oxide are well balanced, and the uniformity of the adhesion state of the inorganic oxide on the toner surface is improved. It is presumed that it will be further improved.
[0032]
As the inorganic oxide in the present invention, silica, titania, alumina, zinc oxide, magnesium oxide, cerium oxide, iron oxide, copper oxide, tin oxide and the like, among these, from the viewpoint of imparting chargeability, silica Is preferred.
[0033]
The method of hydrophobizing treatment applied to the inorganic oxide is not particularly limited. Examples of the treating agent include a silane coupling agent such as hexamethyldisilazane (HMDS) and dimethyldichlorosilane (DMDS), dimethylsilicone oil, and amino-modified. Examples include silicone oil treating agents such as silicone oil, and among these, a silane coupling agent is preferable. The treatment amount by the treatment agent is preferably 1 to 7 mg / m 2 per surface area of the inorganic oxide.
[0034]
The average particle diameter of the inorganic oxide is preferably 4 nm or more, more preferably 8 to 100 nm. In the present invention, it is preferable to use at least two kinds of inorganic oxides having different average particle diameters. When two kinds of inorganic oxides are used, the average particle diameter of the inorganic oxide having a larger particle diameter (large-diameter inorganic oxide) is preferably from 8 to 100 nm, more preferably from 10 to 50 nm. The average particle diameter of the inorganic oxide having a smaller particle diameter (small particle diameter inorganic oxide) is preferably 4 to 30 nm, more preferably 6 to 20 nm. The difference between the average particle diameters of the inorganic oxides is preferably 1 to 40 nm, more preferably 3 to 30 nm.
[0035]
The coarsely kneaded mixture and the inorganic fine particles can be mixed using a Henschel mixer. The compounding amount of the inorganic oxide is preferably 0.1 to 20 parts by weight, more preferably 0.5 to 6 parts by weight, based on 100 parts by weight of the coarsely kneaded mixture. In the present invention, at least two kinds of inorganic oxides are used, and the blending amount of each inorganic oxide is preferably 20% by weight or more, more preferably 30 to 80% by weight, based on the total amount of the inorganic oxides. Used for
[0036]
The coarsely kneaded material may be mixed with the hydrophobicized inorganic oxide and the non-hydrophobicized inorganic oxide or resin fine particles within a range not to impair the effects of the present invention.
[0037]
Subsequently, the kneaded product mixed with the inorganic oxide is further finely pulverized using a jet mill, a collision plate mill, a rotary mechanical mill, or the like.
[0038]
In the present invention, in order to continuously produce industrially, the steps from mixing of the coarsely kneaded mixture and the inorganic oxide to fine pulverization are continuously performed, that is, the coarsely kneaded mixture and the inorganic oxide are mixed. It is preferable that the mixture is continuously subjected to stirring and mixing, and the resulting mixture is continuously subjected to fine pulverization.
[0039]
The average particle size of the finely ground kneaded product is preferably 15 μm or less, more preferably 3 to 10 μm.
[0040]
The toner can be obtained by classifying the finely pulverized kneaded material as required. Examples of the classifier used for classification include an air classifier, an inertial classifier, and a sieve classifier.
[0041]
The volume average particle diameter of the toner obtained by the present invention is preferably from 3 to 10 μm. In addition, the hydrophobicized inorganic oxide used in the present invention, other inorganic oxides, resin fine particles, and the like may be further externally added to the finely pulverized material and the toner particles obtained after the classification step.
[0042]
【Example】
Resin production example 1
714 g of polyoxypropylene (2.2) -2,2-bis (4-hydroxyphenyl) propane, 663 g of polyoxyethylene (2.2) -2,2-bis (4-hydroxyphenyl) propane, 518 g of isophthalic acid, 70 g of isooctenyl succinic acid, 80 g of trimellitic acid and 2 g of dibutyltin oxide were reacted under a nitrogen atmosphere while stirring at 210 ° C. until the softening point measured by ASTM D36-86 reached 130 ° C. to obtain a resin A. .
[0043]
Examples 1-4, Comparative Examples 1-3
7000 g of resin A, 210 g of colorant "ECB-301" (manufactured by Dainichi Seika Kogyo), 140 g of polypropylene wax "NP-105" (manufactured by Mitsui Chemicals), and charge control agent "Bontron E-84" (manufactured by Orient Chemical Industries) ) 70 g was charged into a Henschel mixer, and stirred and mixed at a tank temperature of 40 ° C for 2 minutes to obtain a raw material mixture. The obtained raw material mixture was melt-kneaded at 100 ° C. by a continuous twin-screw kneader to obtain a kneaded product. After cooling the obtained kneaded material in the air, it was coarsely pulverized by an atomizer (manufactured by Tokyo Atomizer Manufacturing Co., Ltd.) and passed through a sieve having a mesh size of 2 mm to obtain a coarsely pulverized product having a maximum diameter of 2 mm. 100 parts by weight of the obtained coarsely pulverized product and the inorganic oxide A shown in Table 1 were mixed with a Henschel mixer for 1 minute. The coarsely pulverized material to which the inorganic oxide is attached is finely pulverized by a jet mill pulverizer (manufactured by Nippon Pneumatic), and the finely pulverized material is classified to obtain a powder having a volume average particle diameter of 8.5 μm. Was. 100 parts by weight of the obtained powder and the inorganic oxide B shown in Table 1 were stirred and mixed with a Henschel mixer for 3 minutes to obtain a toner. The residual amount of the inorganic oxide A mixed with the coarsely pulverized product in the obtained toner was about 60% by weight.
[0044]
Examples 5 to 7, Comparative Examples 4 and 5
Using 140 g of carnauba wax (manufactured by Kato Yoko Co., Ltd.) in place of the polypropylene wax, the raw material mixture was used instead of a continuous twin-screw kneader, and a continuous two-roll kneader "Kneedex" (manufactured by Mitsui Mining Co., Ltd. ), And a toner was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the inorganic oxides A and B shown in Table 1 were used.
[0045]
The open roll type continuous kneader used had a roll outer diameter of 0.14 m and an effective roll length of 0.8 m. The operating condition was that the number of rotations of the high rotation side roll (front roll) was 75. The number of rotations per minute, the number of rotations of the low rotation side roll (post-roll) was 50 rotations / minute, and the roll gap was 0.1 mm. The temperature of the heating and cooling medium in the roll is 150 ° C. on the material input side of the high-speed roll, 130 ° C. on the kneaded material discharge side, 35 ° C. on the low-speed roll material input side, and 35 ° C. on the kneaded material discharge side. Was set to 30 ° C. The feed rate of the raw material mixture was 5 kg / hour, and the average residence time was about 5 minutes.
[0046]
[Table 1]
Figure 2004126260
[0047]
Table 2 shows details of the inorganic oxide used in the examples and comparative examples.
[0048]
[Table 2]
Figure 2004126260
[0049]
Test Example "COLOR PAGEPRESTO N4" (manufactured by Casio Electronics Co., Ltd.) was mounted with a toner, a halftone image was printed, and its uniformity was visually judged to evaluate the initial dot reproducibility according to the following evaluation criteria. . Further, an image having a printing rate of 5% was continuously printed on 6000 sheets, and a halftone image was printed at the time of printing 3,000 sheets and the time of printing 6,000 sheets, respectively, and the dot reproducibility was similarly evaluated. Table 3 shows the results.
[0050]
〔Evaluation criteria〕
A: Halftone is uniform throughout and no unevenness.
:: Almost uniform, though unevenness is observed in a part.
Δ: Some unevenness was observed, and a granular feeling was felt.
×: Large unevenness and graininess. (Filming) indicates that streaks which are considered to be caused by filming are further observed.
[0051]
[Table 3]
Figure 2004126260
[0052]
From the above results, in Examples 1 to 7 in which at least two or more types of inorganic oxides having different hydrophobizing treatments were used as the inorganic oxide to be added to the coarsely kneaded mixture, not only the initial stage but also the toner It has good dot reproducibility even when printing 6,000 sheets near the end of life.
On the other hand, in Comparative Examples 1 to 5 in which the same hydrophobizing treatment was used even if only one or two inorganic oxides were added to the coarsely pulverized product, the dot reproducibility was reduced due to printing durability. Is evident. In particular, in Comparative Example 5 in which the hydrophobized titania was used alone, filming also occurred.
[0053]
【The invention's effect】
According to the present invention, a toner having excellent dot reproducibility not only at the beginning of printing but also during printing can be easily manufactured.

Claims (3)

少なくとも結着樹脂及び着色剤を溶融混練し、冷却した後、粗粉砕した混練物を、異なる処理剤により疎水化処理された少なくとも2種の無機酸化物と混合し、前記混練物をさらに粉砕する工程を有するトナーの製造方法。After at least the binder resin and the colorant have been melt-kneaded and cooled, the coarsely crushed kneaded material is mixed with at least two types of inorganic oxides that have been hydrophobized with different treating agents, and the kneaded material is further pulverized. A method for producing a toner having a process. 無機酸化物の少なくとも1種がシランカップリング剤により疎水化処理されたシリカである請求項1記載の製造方法。The method according to claim 1, wherein at least one of the inorganic oxides is silica that has been subjected to a hydrophobic treatment with a silane coupling agent. 無機酸化物の少なくとも2種が、平均粒子径が4nm以上のシリカである請求項1又は2記載の製造方法。3. The method according to claim 1, wherein at least two of the inorganic oxides are silica having an average particle diameter of 4 nm or more.
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JP2006126587A (en) * 2004-10-29 2006-05-18 Kao Corp Process for producing toner
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JP2007328043A (en) * 2006-06-06 2007-12-20 Kao Corp Electrophotographic toner
JP2013213985A (en) * 2012-04-03 2013-10-17 Kao Corp Production method of toner for electrostatic charge image development
DE102005044600B4 (en) 2004-09-21 2022-09-15 Kao Corp. Method of manufacturing toner

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102005044600B4 (en) 2004-09-21 2022-09-15 Kao Corp. Method of manufacturing toner
JP2006126587A (en) * 2004-10-29 2006-05-18 Kao Corp Process for producing toner
JP4491328B2 (en) * 2004-10-29 2010-06-30 花王株式会社 Toner production method
JP2007323071A (en) * 2006-06-02 2007-12-13 Toshiba Corp Developing agent and method for manufacturing the same
JP2007328043A (en) * 2006-06-06 2007-12-20 Kao Corp Electrophotographic toner
JP2013213985A (en) * 2012-04-03 2013-10-17 Kao Corp Production method of toner for electrostatic charge image development

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