JP2004125601A - Method for elongating and immobilizing dna - Google Patents

Method for elongating and immobilizing dna Download PDF

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Publication number
JP2004125601A
JP2004125601A JP2002289855A JP2002289855A JP2004125601A JP 2004125601 A JP2004125601 A JP 2004125601A JP 2002289855 A JP2002289855 A JP 2002289855A JP 2002289855 A JP2002289855 A JP 2002289855A JP 2004125601 A JP2004125601 A JP 2004125601A
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Prior art keywords
dna
silane compound
substrate
group
elongating
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JP2002289855A
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JP3683246B2 (en
Inventor
Toshiro Otani
大谷 敏郎
Shigeru Sugiyama
杉山 滋
Tomoyuki Yoshino
吉野 智之
Megumi Saso
佐宗 めぐみ
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Bio Oriented Technology Research Advancement Institution
National Food Research Institute
Sasaki Co Ltd
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Bio Oriented Technology Research Advancement Institution
National Food Research Institute
Sasaki Co Ltd
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Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a method for elongating and immobilizing DNA linearly over a wide range on a mica substrate in order to determine the position of a gene or a specific base sequence on the DNA. <P>SOLUTION: Concerning a method for elongating and immobilizing the DNA on the mica substrate, this method for elongating and immobilizing the DNA is characterized by placing a DNA-containing solution on the mica substrate whose surface is coated with a silane compound having an alkyl group or an aryl group having no charge, and methoxy groups, ethoxy groups or cloro groups to the number not less than one and not more than three, allowing the DNA terminal to adhere to the coated substrate surface, and orienting and elongating the DNA by flow of the solution or movement of a gas-liquid interface. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2004,JPO

Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明はDNAを伸長、固定する方法に関し、詳しくはDNAを基板上に配向、伸長して固定する方法に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
DNAを直線状に引き延ばし基板上に固定することは、DNA上の遺伝子や特定塩基配列の位置を決定するために有用であり、生物学的・医学的に非常に重要な意味を持つ。
また、DNAは、ナノエレクトロニクスの分野においてもナノメートルレベルの自己組織化可能な配線材料として注目されており、DNAを基板上に配向させて固定することは、その基盤技術となる可能性が示唆されている。
最近、ナノメートルレベルの分解能を持つ原子間力顕微鏡(Atomic Force Microscope, AFM)や走査型近接場光プローブ顕微鏡(Scanning Near−field Optical/Atomic Force Microscope, SNOM/AFM )などを用いて、DNA や遺伝子の位置を高分解能で検出したり、ナノメートルレベルの操作を行うことが可能になっている。
これらの技術を基板上に固定されたDNAに適用するためには、原子レベルで平坦な表面が必要なため、多くの場合、劈開した雲母板が基板として使われている。
【0003】
劈開した雲母基板表面および溶液中のDNA分子の双方とも負電荷を有するため、そのままではDNAは雲母基板上には少量しか固定されない。そこで、従来は、DNAを雲母基板上に固定するために、基板表面をマグネシウムイオン(Mg2+)で処理したり、正電荷を有するアミノプロピルトリエトキシシラン(APS)などのシラン化合物を被覆するなどの手法(Langmuir 11 (1995),  655−659)がとられていた。また、DNA含有溶液の液滴を置き、遠心力によりDNAを引き伸ばして固定する方法(スピンコート法)も行われていた(Analytical Chemistry, 73 (2001), 5984−5991) 。
【0004】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
しかしながら、従来の方法ではMg2+処理またはAPS 被覆雲母基板表面とDNA分子の相互作用が強すぎるため、DNAは基板に屈曲した状態で固定されてしまい、直線状に伸長させることは困難であった。
また、スピンコート法では、DNAはある程度伸長されるが、固定位置が不定でかつ固定量が少ないため、DNAの位置を走査範囲の狭いAFM やSNOM/AFMにより捜すのは困難であるという問題点があった。
【0005】
【課題を解決するための手段】
そこで、本発明は、DNAを雲母基板上の広い範囲に渡って直線状に引き伸ばして固定する方法を提供することを目的とする。
請求項1記載の本発明は、DNAを雲母基板上に伸長固定する方法において、電荷を有しないアルキル基またはアリール基および1個以上3個以内のメトキシ基またはエトキシ基またはクロロ基を有するシラン化合物により表面を被覆した雲母基板上にDNA含有溶液を置き、DNAの末端を該被覆基板表面に付着させ、溶液の流れまたは気液界面の移動によりDNAを配向、伸長させることを特徴とするDNAを伸長、固定する方法である。
請求項2記載の本発明は、シラン化合物の有するアルキル基が炭素数1〜4個の低級アルキル基であり、アリール基がフェニル基またはベンジル基であり、アルキル基を有するシラン化合物においてはアルキル基が1個以上3個以下でメトキシ基またはエトキシ基またはクロロ基が3個以下1個以上であり、またアリール基を有するシラン化合物においてはアリール基が1個以上2個以下でメトキシ基またはエトキシ基またはクロロ基が3個以下2個以上であることを特徴とする請求項1記載のDNAを伸長、固定する方法である。
請求項3記載の本発明は、アルキル基を有するシラン化合物がメトキシトリメチルシラン、エトキシトリメチルシランまたはプロピルトリメトキシシランであり、アリール基を有するシラン化合物がフェニルトリメトキシシランであることを特徴とする請求項1記載のDNAを伸長、固定する方法である。
請求項4記載の本発明は、シラン化合物で被覆した雲母基板がシラン化合物の蒸気により雲母基板の表面を被服し、必要に応じて該被覆基板を加熱して固定したものであることを特徴とする請求項1記載のDNAを伸長、固定する方法である。
請求項5記載の本発明は、溶液の流れまたは気液界面の移動を起こす手段が、重力、遠心力、電気泳動またはポンプによる送液または吸い上げであることを特徴とする請求項1記載のDNAを伸長、固定する方法である。
【0006】
【発明の実施の形態】
本発明は、DNAを基板上に配向、伸長して固定する方法である。本発明の対象とされるDNAに制限はなく、あらゆる生物のゲノムまたはプラスミド、ファージ(ウイルス)、人工染色体などのベクターに由来するものでよく、長さも限定されない。
DNAを分散させる溶液は、例えばTE緩衝液(10mM トリス、1mM EDTA、pH7〜8)、トリス緩衝液、蒸留水などが用いられ、これらの中ではTE緩衝液が好ましい。
【0007】
雲母基板の表面を被覆するために用いるシラン化合物としては、アルキル基またはアリール基とメトキシ基またはエトキシ基またはクロロ基の合計が最大4個になるすべての組み合わせが可能である。詳しくは、炭素数1〜4個の低級アルキル基(メチル基、エチル基など)またはアリール基(フェニル基、ベンジル基など)を有し、アルキル基を有するシラン化合物においてはアルキル基が1個以上3個以下でメトキシ基またはエトキシ基またはクロロ基が3個以下1個以上であり、またアリール基を有するシラン化合物においてはアリール基が1個以上2個以下でメトキシ基またはエトキシ基またはクロロ基が3個以下2個以上であるシラン化合物がある。なお、アリール基はアミノ基、ヒドロキシル基などの置換基を有していてもよい。具体的には、メトキシトリメチルシラン、エトキシトリメチルシラン、フェニルトリメトキシシランなどを挙げることができる。
シラン化合物を雲母基板の表面に被覆する方法としては、例えばシラン化合物を蒸気法、すなわちシラン化合物の蒸気にて該基板を被覆し、必要に応じて加熱処理を施して強固に被覆させることができる。
【0008】
DNAを含む溶液の流れまたは気液界面の移動を起こす手段としては、例えば重力、遠心力、電気泳動、ポンプ(電動等の自動または手動)などによる送液や吸い上げが挙げられる。いずれの方法でもDNAを伸長することは可能であるが、ポンプによる一定速度での吸い上げ法が望ましい。
【0009】
以下に、本発明を図面に基づいて詳しく説明する。
図1は、本発明によるDNAの伸長、固定の操作手順を示したフローチャートである。工程1にて雲母板を劈開して新鮮な劈開面を露出させ、工程2で劈開した雲母基板をシラン化合物の溶液とともに密閉容器中に置く。シラン化合物量は容器容積1Lあたり10〜1000μLが適当である。また、容器中には窒素などの不活性ガスを充填しても良い。工程3で4℃〜60℃にて1時間乃至1週間、好ましくは15〜30℃にて4時間乃至6日間放置し、雲母基板表面をシラン化合物により被覆する。
【0010】
工程4で基板を容器から取り出し、必要に応じて60℃〜120℃にて5分間乃至1時間程度、望ましくは100℃で15分間以上加熱する。これにより、雲母表面へシラン化合物を強固に被覆することができる。加熱処理をしない場合は速やかに容器から取り出し、その上にDNA溶液(5〜20μL)を滴下する。次の工程5で1〜数分間放置する間に、DNAの末端とシラン化合物で被覆した基板表面との間の疎水性相互作用により、DNAの末端が疎水性シラン化合物で被覆した基板表面に付着する。
その後、工程6にて適当な吸引手段、例えばピペットまたはポンプにより緩やかに液滴を吸い上げて界面移動または水流を誘起し、DNAを基板上に伸長、固定する。
【0011】
図2〜4は、実際に本発明の方法に基づいて雲母基板上に伸長、固定したDNAの蛍光顕微鏡写真である。それぞれ、メトキシトリメチルシラン(図2)、エトキシトリメチルシラン(図3)またはフェニルトリメトキシシラン(図4)により被覆した雲母基板を使用している。
基板へのシラン化合物の被覆は、図1に示した方法に従い、窒素充填容器中で16μL(容器容積1Lあたり)のシラン化合物を用いて行った。被覆反応の期間は1時間〜7日間が適当で、好適には4時間〜6日間である。フェニルトリメトキシシランの場合のみ、基板を110℃、20分間加熱し、強固なシラン化を行った。その後、λファージDNA溶液(濃度5μg/mL)を5μL滴下し、1分間放置した後、ピペットで吸い上げた。図に示したように、いずれのシラン化合物によって基板表面を被覆した場合にも、多量のDNAが伸長された状態で固定されていることがわかる。
その中でも被覆反応期間4日間のエトキシトリメチルシラン(図2)により被覆された雲母基板および被覆反応期間6日間で被覆した後、加熱により強化したフェニルトリメトキシシラン(図4)により被覆された雲母基板の場合に直線性が良いことがわかった。また、図には示さないが、これらシラン化合物被覆基板の表面荒さが1nm以下であり、伸長されたDNA1本がAFM 観察により観察可能なことがわかっている。
【0012】
このように伸長、固定されたDNA上の遺伝子を蛍光色素ないしは微小金粒子などにより標識すれば、AFM やSNOM/AFMによりその位置をナノメートルレベルで逐次決定して行くことが可能である。
【0013】
【発明の効果】
本発明によれば、原子レベルで平坦な雲母基板上に直線状に引き伸ばしたDNAを多量に固定することができるので、AFM やSNOM/AFMによる遺伝子位置の決定や操作を簡便、かつ正確に行うことが可能である。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】本発明の操作手順の1態様を示すフローチャートである。
【図2】本発明によりシラン化合物(エトキシトリメチルシラン)被覆雲母基板上に実際に伸長固定されたDNAを示す蛍光像である。
【図3】本発明によりシラン化合物(メトキシトリメチルシラン)被覆雲母基板上に実際に伸長固定されたDNAを示す蛍光像である。
【図4】本発明によりシラン化合物(フェニルトリメトキシシラン)被覆雲母基板上に実際に伸長固定されたDNAを示す蛍光像である。
[0001]
TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a method for elongating and fixing DNA, and more particularly to a method for orienting, elongating and fixing DNA on a substrate.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Stretching the DNA linearly and fixing it on the substrate is useful for determining the position of a gene or a specific base sequence on the DNA, and has a very important biological and medical significance.
DNA is also attracting attention in the field of nanoelectronics as a wiring material capable of self-assembly at the nanometer level, suggesting that aligning and fixing DNA on a substrate may be a fundamental technology. Have been.
Recently, DNA and atomic force microscopy (AFM) having a resolution of nanometer level and scanning near-field optical probe microscope (Scanning Near-field Optical / Atomic Force Microscope, SNOM / AFM) and the like are used. It has become possible to detect the position of a gene with high resolution and perform operations at the nanometer level.
In order to apply these techniques to DNA fixed on a substrate, a flat surface at the atomic level is required, and in many cases, a cleaved mica plate is used as a substrate.
[0003]
Since both the cleaved mica substrate surface and the DNA molecules in the solution have negative charges, only a small amount of DNA is fixed on the mica substrate as it is. Therefore, conventionally, in order to fix DNA on a mica substrate, the surface of the substrate is treated with magnesium ions (Mg 2+ ), or a silane compound such as aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APS) having a positive charge is coated. (Langmuir 11 (1995), 655-659). In addition, a method of placing a droplet of a DNA-containing solution and stretching and fixing the DNA by centrifugal force (spin coating method) has also been performed (Analytical Chemistry, 73 (2001), 5984-5991).
[0004]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
However, in the conventional method, the interaction between the DNA molecules and the Mg 2 + -treated or APS-coated mica substrate surface is too strong, so that the DNA is fixed to the substrate in a bent state, and it is difficult to extend the DNA linearly. .
In the spin coating method, the DNA is elongated to some extent, but the fixing position is not fixed and the fixing amount is small, so that it is difficult to find the position of the DNA by AFM or SNOM / AFM with a narrow scanning range. was there.
[0005]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
Therefore, an object of the present invention is to provide a method of stretching and fixing DNA in a straight line over a wide range on a mica substrate.
The present invention according to claim 1 is a method for extending and fixing DNA on a mica substrate, wherein the silane compound has an uncharged alkyl group or aryl group and at least one but not more than 3 methoxy, ethoxy or chloro groups. A DNA-containing solution is placed on a mica substrate whose surface has been coated with the above, the ends of the DNA are attached to the surface of the coated substrate, and the DNA is oriented and elongated by flowing the solution or moving the gas-liquid interface. It is a method of extending and fixing.
According to the present invention, the alkyl group of the silane compound is a lower alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, the aryl group is a phenyl group or a benzyl group, and the silane compound having an alkyl group has an alkyl group. Has at least one but no more than 3 methoxy or ethoxy groups or at least three or more chloro groups, and in a silane compound having an aryl group, at least one and no more than two aryl groups have a methoxy or ethoxy group. 2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the number of chloro groups is 3 or less and 2 or more.
According to a third aspect of the present invention, the silane compound having an alkyl group is methoxytrimethylsilane, ethoxytrimethylsilane or propyltrimethoxysilane, and the silane compound having an aryl group is phenyltrimethoxysilane. Item 6. A method for extending and fixing the DNA according to Item 1.
The present invention according to claim 4 is characterized in that the mica substrate coated with the silane compound coats the surface of the mica substrate with the vapor of the silane compound and, if necessary, heats and fixes the coated substrate. 2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the DNA is extended and fixed.
According to a fifth aspect of the present invention, there is provided the DNA according to the first aspect, wherein the means for causing the flow of the solution or the movement of the gas-liquid interface is gravity, centrifugal force, electrophoresis, or liquid transfer or suction by a pump. This is a method of extending and fixing.
[0006]
BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
The present invention is a method for orienting, extending, and fixing DNA on a substrate. The DNA targeted by the present invention is not limited, and may be derived from the genome of any organism or a vector such as a plasmid, a phage (virus), or an artificial chromosome, and the length is not limited.
As a solution for dispersing DNA, for example, TE buffer (10 mM Tris, 1 mM EDTA, pH 7 to 8), Tris buffer, distilled water, and the like are used, and among these, TE buffer is preferable.
[0007]
As the silane compound used to coat the surface of the mica substrate, any combination in which the total of the alkyl group or the aryl group and the methoxy group, the ethoxy group, or the chloro group is up to four is possible. Specifically, a silane compound having a lower alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms (such as a methyl group or an ethyl group) or an aryl group (such as a phenyl group or a benzyl group) has at least one alkyl group in a silane compound having an alkyl group. 3 or less, 3 or less and 1 or more methoxy, ethoxy, or chloro groups. In a silane compound having an aryl group, 1 or more and 2 or less aryl groups have a methoxy, ethoxy, or chloro group. There are three or less and two or more silane compounds. Note that the aryl group may have a substituent such as an amino group or a hydroxyl group. Specifically, methoxytrimethylsilane, ethoxytrimethylsilane, phenyltrimethoxysilane, and the like can be given.
As a method of coating the surface of the mica substrate with the silane compound, for example, the silane compound can be coated by a vapor method, that is, the substrate is coated with the vapor of the silane compound, and if necessary, subjected to a heat treatment to be firmly coated. .
[0008]
Means for causing the flow of the solution containing DNA or the movement of the gas-liquid interface include, for example, gravity, centrifugal force, electrophoresis, and liquid sending and sucking by a pump (automatic or manual such as electric motor). Either method can extend DNA, but a method of sucking at a constant speed by a pump is desirable.
[0009]
Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings.
FIG. 1 is a flowchart showing the procedure for extending and fixing DNA according to the present invention. In step 1, the mica plate is cleaved to expose a fresh cleavage plane, and the mica substrate cleaved in step 2 is placed in a closed container together with the silane compound solution. The amount of the silane compound is suitably from 10 to 1000 μL per 1 L of container volume. Further, the container may be filled with an inert gas such as nitrogen. In Step 3, the mica substrate is left at 4 ° C. to 60 ° C. for 1 hour to 1 week, preferably at 15 ° C. to 30 ° C. for 4 hours to 6 days, and the surface of the mica substrate is coated with a silane compound.
[0010]
In step 4, the substrate is taken out of the container and, if necessary, is heated at 60 ° C. to 120 ° C. for about 5 minutes to 1 hour, preferably at 100 ° C. for 15 minutes or more. Thereby, the mica surface can be firmly coated with the silane compound. When the heat treatment is not performed, the DNA solution (5 to 20 μL) is immediately dropped from the container and dropped thereon. During the standing in the next step 5 for 1 to several minutes, the DNA ends adhere to the hydrophobic silane compound-coated substrate surface due to the hydrophobic interaction between the DNA ends and the silane compound-coated substrate surface. I do.
Thereafter, in step 6, droplets are gently sucked up by an appropriate suction means, for example, a pipette or a pump, to induce interface movement or water flow to extend and fix the DNA on the substrate.
[0011]
2 to 4 are fluorescence micrographs of DNA actually extended and immobilized on a mica substrate based on the method of the present invention. Mica substrates coated with methoxytrimethylsilane (FIG. 2), ethoxytrimethylsilane (FIG. 3) or phenyltrimethoxysilane (FIG. 4), respectively, are used.
The coating of the silane compound on the substrate was performed using 16 μL (per 1 L of container volume) of the silane compound in a nitrogen-filled container according to the method shown in FIG. The duration of the coating reaction is suitably from 1 hour to 7 days, preferably from 4 hours to 6 days. Only in the case of phenyltrimethoxysilane, the substrate was heated at 110 ° C. for 20 minutes to perform strong silanization. Thereafter, 5 μL of a λ phage DNA solution (concentration: 5 μg / mL) was added dropwise, left for 1 minute, and then sucked up with a pipette. As shown in the figure, it can be seen that a large amount of DNA is fixed in a stretched state when the substrate surface is coated with any of the silane compounds.
Among them, a mica substrate coated with ethoxytrimethylsilane (FIG. 2) for a coating reaction period of 4 days and a mica substrate coated with phenyltrimethoxysilane (FIG. 4) coated for 6 days and then heated and strengthened. It was found that the linearity was good in the case of. Although not shown in the figure, it is known that the surface roughness of these silane compound-coated substrates is 1 nm or less, and one elongated DNA can be observed by AFM observation.
[0012]
If the gene on the DNA thus extended and fixed is labeled with a fluorescent dye or fine gold particles, its position can be sequentially determined at the nanometer level by AFM or SNOM / AFM.
[0013]
【The invention's effect】
According to the present invention, a large amount of DNA stretched linearly on a mica substrate that is flat at the atomic level can be fixed in a large amount, so that the determination and manipulation of gene positions by AFM or SNOM / AFM can be performed simply and accurately. It is possible.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a flowchart showing one embodiment of the operation procedure of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a fluorescence image showing DNA actually extended and fixed on a mica substrate coated with a silane compound (ethoxytrimethylsilane) according to the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a fluorescence image showing DNA actually extended and fixed on a mica substrate coated with a silane compound (methoxytrimethylsilane) according to the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a fluorescence image showing DNA actually extended and fixed on a mica substrate coated with a silane compound (phenyltrimethoxysilane) according to the present invention.

Claims (5)

DNAを雲母基板上に伸長固定する方法において、電荷を有しないアルキル基またはアリール基および1個以上3個以内のメトキシ基またはエトキシ基またはクロロ基を有するシラン化合物により表面を被覆した雲母基板上にDNA含有溶液を置き、DNAの末端を該被覆基板表面に付着させ、溶液の流れまたは気液界面の移動によりDNAを配向、伸長させることを特徴とするDNAを伸長、固定する方法。In the method of elongating and fixing DNA on a mica substrate, a method is provided in which a mica substrate having a surface coated with a silane compound having an uncharged alkyl or aryl group and at least one and not more than three methoxy, ethoxy or chloro groups is provided. A method for elongating and fixing DNA, comprising placing a DNA-containing solution, adhering the end of the DNA to the surface of the coated substrate, and orienting and elongating the DNA by flowing the solution or moving the gas-liquid interface. シラン化合物の有するアルキル基が炭素数1〜4個の低級アルキル基であり、アリール基がフェニル基またはベンジル基であり、アルキル基を有するシラン化合物においてはアルキル基が1個以上3個以下でメトキシ基またはエトキシ基またはクロロ基が3個以下1個以上であり、またアリール基を有するシラン化合物においてはアリール基が1個以上2個以下でメトキシ基またはエトキシ基またはクロロ基が3個以下2個以上であることを特徴とする請求項1記載のDNAを伸長、固定する方法。The alkyl group of the silane compound is a lower alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, the aryl group is a phenyl group or a benzyl group, and in a silane compound having an alkyl group, the alkyl group has 1 to 3 alkyl groups and a methoxy group. Groups or ethoxy groups or chloro groups of 3 or less and 1 or more, and in a silane compound having an aryl group, 1 or more and 2 or less of aryl groups and 3 or less of 2 or less of methoxy, ethoxy or chloro groups. 2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the DNA is extended and fixed. アルキル基を有するシラン化合物がメトキシトリメチルシラン、エトキシトリメチルシランまたはプロピルトリメトキシシランであり、アリール基を有するシラン化合物がフェニルトリメトキシシランであることを特徴とする請求項1記載のDNAを伸長、固定する方法。The DNA according to claim 1, wherein the silane compound having an alkyl group is methoxytrimethylsilane, ethoxytrimethylsilane or propyltrimethoxysilane, and the silane compound having an aryl group is phenyltrimethoxysilane. how to. シラン化合物で被覆した雲母基板がシラン化合物の蒸気により雲母基板の表面を被服し、必要に応じて該被覆基板を加熱して固定したものであることを特徴とする請求項1記載のDNAを伸長、固定する方法。2. The stretched DNA according to claim 1, wherein the mica substrate coated with the silane compound is obtained by coating the surface of the mica substrate with the vapor of the silane compound and, if necessary, heating and fixing the coated substrate. , How to fix. 溶液の流れまたは気液界面の移動を起こす手段が、重力、遠心力、電気泳動またはポンプによる送液または吸い上げであることを特徴とする請求項1記載のDNAを伸長、固定する方法。2. The method for extending and fixing DNA according to claim 1, wherein the means for causing the flow of the solution or the movement of the gas-liquid interface is gravity, centrifugal force, electrophoresis, or liquid transfer or suction by a pump.
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Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2005102614A (en) * 2003-09-30 2005-04-21 National Food Research Institute Method and apparatus for preparing genome physical map
CN102250753A (en) * 2011-05-25 2011-11-23 北京生命科学研究所 Device for drawing deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) molecule into line shape and application thereof
US8986926B2 (en) 2005-12-23 2015-03-24 Nanostring Technologies, Inc. Compositions comprising oriented, immobilized macromolecules and methods for their preparation

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2005102614A (en) * 2003-09-30 2005-04-21 National Food Research Institute Method and apparatus for preparing genome physical map
JP4581076B2 (en) * 2003-09-30 2010-11-17 独立行政法人農業・食品産業技術総合研究機構 Genome physical map creation method and creation device
US8986926B2 (en) 2005-12-23 2015-03-24 Nanostring Technologies, Inc. Compositions comprising oriented, immobilized macromolecules and methods for their preparation
CN102250753A (en) * 2011-05-25 2011-11-23 北京生命科学研究所 Device for drawing deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) molecule into line shape and application thereof

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