JP2004121066A - Pot culturing method and culture pot - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a pot culturing method by which crops having a high quality and a high sugar content can be produced without being affected by underground temperature and underground water content, without contaminating underground water, without being damaged by stagnant water, and without being restricted by the troublesome Agricultural Land Law. <P>SOLUTION: This pot culturing method using an outer pot, a water, air and root-permeable inner pot, a culture medium in the inner pot, and a water and air-permeable culture medium-supporting gravel layer is characterized by forming an air layer between the outer pot and the inner pot to improve air permeability and enhance the respiration action of the crops, taking out the culturing inner pot to expose to solar light, clarifying or approximately semi-clarifying the outer pot to expose to the solar light, or cutting the roots to prevent the winding of the roots. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2004,JPO

Description

【０００１】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は鉢植栽培方法と栽培容器に関するものである。
【０００２】
【従来の方法と欠点】
従来の鉢植栽培は栽培容器を地表に置いて栽培するので、地中温度と地下水分に影響されると共に、地下水を汚染し、停滞水の湿害を受け易く、農地法の面倒な制約を受ける欠点があった。
また、栽培容器が通気性と通水性が無いので、停滞水の湿害を受け易く、根の呼吸作用が不活発になる欠点があった。
【０００３】
【特許文献１】
特公平３−４１７０号公報
【０００４】
【発明の目的】
本発明はこれ等の欠点の解消を目的とする。本発明者はさらに鋭意研究した結果、光を当てると根が切れることに着目し、本発明に到達するに至った。本発明によれば、これ等の欠点は解消される。
【０００５】
【発明の構成】
本発明は外鉢と、通水通気通根性の内鉢と、内鉢内の培地と、通水通気性の培地支持礫層とを用いる鉢植栽培方法において、鉢と内鉢との間に空気層を介在させ、栽培中に内鉢を日光に当てるか、又は透明又は略々透明な外鉢を用いることを特徴とする鉢植栽培方法である。
【０００６】
また、本発明は外鉢と、通水通気通根性の内鉢と、内鉢内の培地層と、通水通気性の培地支持礫層と、外鉢と内鉢との間に介在する空気層とを有することを特徴とする鉢植栽培容器である。
【０００７】
内鉢を通根性とすると、根が内鉢を通過して内鉢の外周面上に伸びる。
鉢と内鉢との間に空気層を介在させると、内鉢を通過した根が空気層に入り、内鉢の外周面上に伸長しようとする。
作物の栽培中、内鉢を時々取り出して日光に当てると、外周面の根が切れて、根巻きが起こらない。
【０００８】
外鉢を透明又は略々透明とすると、時々取り出して日光に当てなくても、光が外鉢を容易に透過して内鉢の外周面上の作物の根に当り、根を切断して、根巻きを防止する。
培地の深さを約１０ｃｍ以内として、直根を生成させないで、毛細根群を地表面近辺に集中して生成させると、特に好適である。培地層の厚さが約１０ｃｍ以内であると、培地層の最下部から表面に水が毛細管作用により吸い上げられる。一方、培地層の厚さが薄過ぎると培地が少なくなるので、栽培が難しく、この面から薄さは制限される。作物によっても異なるが、培地は表面から底部迄の深さが少なくとも約４ｃｍ、通常、約５ｃｍ以上である。
空気層を介在させると、作物の呼吸作用が活発になる。
培地層を厚さ約３〜５ｃｍの第１培地層と、厚さ約５〜７ｃｍの第２培地層とに分けると、作物の種類に応じて成長を調節できるので、好都合である。
【０００９】
第１培地層として弱酸性〜弱アルカリ性の砂礫又は焼成土を用い、第２培地層として強酸性〜強アルカリ性の砂礫又は焼成土を用いると、通常、鉢植栽培できる殆んど全ての一般の作物を好都合に栽培できる。これは第１培地層として弱酸性〜弱アルカリ性の砂礫又は焼成土を用いると、第２培地層が強酸性又は強アルカリ性の砂礫又は焼成土であっても、作物に対応して鉢植栽培できる殆んど全ての一般の作物を栽培できるからである。例えば、バジルはｐＨ１１の強アルカリ性の珊瑚質土壌では育たないが、弱アルカリ性の第１培地層を用いることにより、第２培地層がｐＨ１１の強アルカリ性の珊瑚質土壌であっても栽培できる。品質が良く、味と香りも良い。
【００１０】
内鉢を保持する支持台を用いると、空気層を介在させるのに好都合であり、好都合に作物の支柱と支柱保持孔を設けることができる。
支持台は外鉢に設けることができる。
培地層の粒度は約０．１〜５ｍｍが好ましい。約０．１ｍｍよりも細かいと通気性が劣り、約５ｍｍよりも粗いと通気性と通水性が過大になる為である。
培地支持礫層は培地層を支持する目的の下に設けるので、培地層としてではなく培地支持層として作用するように、粒度約５ｍｍ以上が好適である。
培地支持礫層は中性で粒度約５ｍｍ以上が好ましい。
培地は天然の土又は砂礫から作物の種類によって選択する。美味しい果物、野菜を作る為に、酸性土壌が適するものは例えばしそ、茶樹、ブルーベリーであり、中性土壌が適するものは例えば胡瓜、茄子、トマトであり、アルカリ性土壌が適するものは例えばバジルである。
【００１１】
外鉢と内鉢には環境ホルモンが溶出し難い安全な材質のプラスチックス又は天然素材を用いる。
内鉢はポバール（ビニロン）、ポリエチレン、ケナフ等の不織布から製すると好都合である。ポリエチレン、ポリプロピレンは比較的安全である。
栽培容器と地表との間に防水シートを設けると、栽培容器と地表との間を隔離でき、漏洩した灌漑水や液肥が地下に浸透するのを防止でき、好都合である。
外鉢又は支持台が作物支持支柱と支柱保持孔とを有すると、胡瓜、茄子、トマト等の作物が伸長したときの茎または蔓の支持に好都合である。また、支柱を有すると、雨除けシート、防虫網等を保持するのに好都合である。
培地表面に散水施肥シートを覆せると、マルチシートとして作用し、蒸散を防止し、毛細管作用により水を引き上げ、マルチ灌水施肥ができる。
外鉢には表面にロゴ又はマークを記すことができる。
【００１２】
【発明の作用】
根巻きを防止する。
通気性が良くなる。通気性の有る内鉢の中で、植物の根は回りを全部空気の層で囲まれているので、根の呼吸作用が活発になる。
作物の節間距離を調節し、矮性化と徒長化を制御することができる。
停滞水の湿害を排除できる。
地下水を汚染せず、地中温度と地下水分の影響を受けない。
培地層を少なくすることにより、水分を簡易迅速に制御でき、作業を省力化できる。
培地層の最下部から表面に水を毛細管作用により吸い上げる。
培地層に表面から均等に灌水施肥できる。
【００１３】
【発明の効果】
根巻きを防止できる。
根の呼吸作用が活発になる。
鉢植栽培できる殆んど全ての一般の作物を栽培できる。
作物の節間距離を調節し、矮性化と徒長化を制御することができる。
停滞水の湿害を排除できる。
地下水を汚染せず、地中温度と地下水分の影響を受けない。寒冷期においても根の成長と活動が停止しない。
水分を簡易迅速に制御でき、作業を省力化できる。
農地法の面倒な制約を受けない。
胡瓜、茄子、トマト等の作物は温室、露地等で大規模に栽培する場合は、接ぎ木する（他根性）ことが多かったが、接ぎ木しない（自根性）場合にも適用できる。
栽培容器を上下に分けて吊る配置等により、ハウスを立体的に利用することができる。下方で育苗、上方で栽培できる。
設置と移動が容易なので、通風、採光、作業性等を良好な状態に改善できる。花卉類について、対病性の強い日保ちする花が作れる。
【００１４】
水と肥料を極限まで減らす農法（特公平３−４１７０号）を実施し易くなり、糖度が高く、ビタミンＣとミネラルの多い野菜や果物を作り易い。
培地の調整によって花やハーブの栽培に最適な環境も容易に作れる。
密植栽培が可能であり、高品質、多収穫、大規模栽培に好都合である。
養分の調整により根の伸長制御が容易である。
地上部の生育を矮性化して採光性を改善して、省力化と高品質、多収穫が可能となる。
連作障害の無い多年度リサイクル栽培が可能となる。
【００１５】
コンピューターによる灌水システムを導入することにより、灌水量を適量且つ均一に保つことができる。
地表と培地を隔離することにより、土壌深部に生息する病原菌による培地の感染を防止できる。
病虫害の蔓延を予防し易い。
栽培容器が個々に独立していて、水耕栽培に見られがちな病原菌が培養液を媒体として伝染することがない。
病虫害に冒された株や成長の悪い株を撤去して、その後に正常な株の容器を容易に入れ替えることができる。
培地層の最下部から表面に水を毛細管作用により吸い上げることができる。
鉢植栽培は独立した環境とドリップ灌水システムを利用できるので、レベルを気にしないで容易に設置できる。また、施肥量と灌水量を容易に調整できる。
培地層に表面から均等に施肥灌水できる。
作物、時期に適した培地設計により、高品質の作物と果物を、多量に収穫できる。
連作が可能になり、多年度の再生利用栽培が可能になる。若し、連作できない場合は培地を焼成するか、高温蒸気で殺菌処理すれば容易に連作できる。
連続自根栽培が可能となり、コストダウンと品種本来の特長を再現できる。
線虫等は浅い土壌にしか生息しない。植物に有害な微生物は地表から約５０ｃｍ以上の深い土壌には殆んど存在しないので、そのような深い土壌から培地を採取すると、消毒や高温蒸成をしなくても良い。
栽培法と栽培環境を適宜選定して糖度７以上のトマトを作ると、遺伝子組み換えの操作無しで、トマトの形状や心室の数が違う個性的なトマトを作れる。
【００１６】
【実施例】
以下、本発明を実施例につきさらに詳細に説明する。
〔実施例１〕
この実施例では、図４に示す栽培容器を用いて青じそを栽培し、成長の様子、収量及び品質を慣行の露地栽培と比較した。
通水通気通根性の不織布製の内鉢に、厚さが約約１０ｃｍになるように培地を入れ、青じその苗を定植して、特公平３−４１７０号の方法により水と肥料を極限まで減らして栽培した。
【００１７】
第１培地層には厚さ約４ｃｍの弱酸性の焼成土を用い、第２培地層には厚さ約６ｃｍの弱アルカリ性の砂礫を用いた。
栽培容器はハウス内に防水シートを敷き、その上に定置した。
施肥灌水は予め培地の表面が乾燥していることを確認してから、表面全体が充分に湿るが内鉢から下方に流出しないように施肥灌水した。
内鉢は時々毎週１回、午前９時から午後１時まで取り出して日に当てた。
同時期に同じハウス内で地面に畝を作り、一列に株間約２０ｃｍで青じその苗を定植して、露地栽培した。
【００１８】
本発明による青じそは毛細根群が繁茂し、葉脈が良く発達し、葉の裏側に葉脈が盛り上がり、葉の表面は明るい緑色となり、葉の裏側の葉脈と葉脈の間の部分は稍々紫色になった。香りは路地栽培のものより強く、心地良い風味が有った。これは毛細根群により栄養成分の選択吸収ができた為であった。下葉から摘み取って１株当り平均約１６８枚収穫した。
露地栽培の青じそは葉と茎が濃い目の緑色で、香りが弱く、どぶ臭く、葉に苦みが有った。また、側枝と次の側枝との節間距離が長く、樹が徒長し、葉が軟弱であった。下葉から摘み取って１株当り平均約１２０枚収穫した。
【００１９】
〔実施例２〕
この実施例では、図４に示す栽培容器と略々同様な栽培容器を用いてバジルを栽培し、成長の様子、収量及び品質を慣行の露地栽培と比較した。
外鉢には透光性の良い透明な容器を用いた。
通水通気通根性の不織布製の内鉢に、厚さが約９〜１０ｃｍになるように培地を入れ、バジルの苗を定植して、特公平３−４１７０号の方法により栽培した。
【００２０】
第１培地層には厚さ約５ｃｍの弱アルカリ性の焼成土を用い、第２培地層には厚さ約５ｃｍの強アルカリ性の砂礫を用いた。
培地の表面を不織布のシートで覆って、水分の蒸発を防ぎ、表面全体に水分を毛細管作用で拡散させて湿潤させた。
栽培容器はハウス内に防水シートを敷き、その上に定置した。
施肥灌水は不織布シートに散水する方法で行ない、予め培地の表面が乾燥していることを確認してから、表面全体が充分に湿るが内鉢から下方に流出しないように施肥灌水した。
同時期に同じハウス内で地面に畝を作り、一列に株間約２５ｃｍでバジルの苗を定植して、露地栽培した。
【００２１】
本発明によるバジルは毛細根群が繁茂し、葉脈が良く発達し、葉の裏側に葉脈が盛り上がり、葉の表面は明るい緑色となり、葉の裏側の葉脈と葉脈の間の部分は稍々紫色になり、「露地」栽培のものより側枝と次の側枝との節間距離が短く、樹の背丈が低かった。バジルは香りが爽やかで露地栽培のものより強く、苦みが少なく、心地良い風味が有り、サラダに加えられるほどピリリとした食感があり、ビタミンＣの含有量が露地栽培のものより約３倍以上高く、窒素分が少なかった。収量は露地栽培のものの約２倍であった。
【００２２】
露地栽培のバジルは直根が発達し、毛細根群が少なく、水分や栄養成分の選択吸収ができなかったので、葉と茎が濃い目の緑色で、香りが本発明のバジルより格段に弱く、爽やかでなく、葉の苦みが強く、どぶ臭い食味があった。また、側枝と次の側枝との節間距離が長く、樹が徒長し、葉が軟弱であった。これは毛細根群が少なかった為、直根が発達し、水耕栽培等のプラントで栽培したハーブ類が香りが少なく栄養素が乏しいのと同様に、水分や栄養成分を選択吸収できなかったことによるものであった。
【００２３】
【実施例３】
この実施例では、図４に示す栽培容器と略々同様な栽培容器を用いてトマトを栽培し、成長の様子、収量及び品質を慣行の露地栽培と比較した。
通水通気通根性の不織布製の内鉢に、厚さが約９〜１０ｃｍになるように培地を入れ、トマトの苗を定植して、特公平３−４１７０号の方法により栽培した。
外鉢には透光性の良い透明な容器を用いた。
第１培地層には厚さ約５ｃｍの中性の焼成土を用い、第２培地層には厚さ約５ｃｍの弱酸性の砂礫を用いた。
栽培容器はハウス内に防水シートを敷き、その上に定置した。
【００２４】
施肥灌水は不織布シートに散水する方法で行ない、予め培地の表面が乾燥していることを確認してから、表面全体が充分に湿るが内鉢から下方に流出しないように施肥灌水した。第１段目から第５段目まで１株当り平均約３ｋｇ収穫した。トマトの糖度は第１段目から第２段目までは平均約５度であった。第３段目から第５段目までは平均約７度であった。
同時期に同じハウス内で地面に畝を作り、一列に株間約３０ｃｍでトマトの苗を定植して、露地栽培した。
露地栽培のトマトは毛細根群が少なく、直根が発達し、水分や栄養成分の選択吸収ができなかったので、水耕栽培等のプラントで栽培したトマトと同様に糖度が低く、甘味と酸味のバランスが良くなかった。第１段目から第５段目まで１株当り平均約４ｋｇ収穫した。トマトの糖度は第１段目から第２段目までは平均約３度であった。第３段目から第５段目までは平均約４度であった。
【００２５】
本発明によるトマトは毛細根群が繁茂し、露地栽培のものより側枝と次の側枝との節間距離が短く、樹高が低く、成長が速かった。果実の心室の数が路地栽培のものの２倍以上になり、果実の外皮の表面に産毛が密集して発生し、葉や茎が香草のように心地良い香りを強く放った。果実は樹上で完熟しても、心室内の種子と種子を包むゼリー状の部分が鮮やかな緑色を呈し、輪切りにしたときに果汁と種子が流れ出ることはなかった。また、糖度が容易に６以上になり、比重が大きくなって水中で沈んだ。これ等の優れた性質は遺伝子を組み換えることなく得られたものであり、遺伝子組み換えなどの手段によらずに高品質のトマトを生産できた。慣行の露地栽培ではこのように高品質のトマトを生産できなかった。また、本発明のトマトの種子を採取して慣行の露地栽培で栽培しても、これ等の優れた性質は再現できなかった。
本発明によるトマトの皮の部分や茎、根の部分は糖度が高く、美味であった。これはブドウの皮の部分の糖度が高いと、高品質のワインができるのと同様である。
【００２６】
以上、本発明を特定の実施例につき詳細に説明したが、本発明はこれ等の実施例のみに限定されるものではなく、本発明の広範な精神と視野を逸脱することなく、種々な変更と修整が可能なこと勿論である。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図１】内鉢内に収容した培地の一例を示す線図的斜視図である。
【図２】培地層と支持礫層の一例を示す線図的斜視図である。
【図３】本発明の栽培容器の一例を示す線図的断面図である。
【図４】外鉢の一例を示す線図的斜視図である。
【図５】支持台の一例を示す線図的斜視図である。
１　　　内鉢
２　　　外鉢
３　　　培地
３Ａ　　第１培地層
３Ｂ　　第２培地層
４　　　培地支持礫層
５　　　空気層
６　　　支持台
７　　　通気孔
８　　　排水孔
９　　　吸水布
１０　　水
１１　　支柱
１２　　支柱保持孔[0001]
TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a pot planting method and a cultivation container.
[0002]
[Conventional methods and disadvantages]
In conventional pot planting, cultivation is carried out by placing the cultivation container on the ground surface, so that it is affected by the ground temperature and the groundwater content, pollutes the groundwater, is easily damaged by stagnant water, and is subject to complicated restrictions of the farmland law There were drawbacks.
Further, since the cultivation container has no air permeability and water permeability, there is a disadvantage that the cultivation container is susceptible to moisture damage of stagnant water, and the respiration of roots becomes inactive.
[0003]
[Patent Document 1]
Japanese Patent Publication No. 3-4170
[Object of the invention]
The present invention aims to eliminate these disadvantages. As a result of further intensive studies, the present inventor has noticed that roots break when exposed to light, and arrived at the present invention. According to the present invention, these disadvantages are eliminated.
[0005]
Configuration of the Invention
The present invention relates to a pot planting method using an outer pot, an inner pot having a water-permeable and air-permeable root, a culture medium in the inner pot, and a medium-supporting gravel layer having a water-permeable and air-permeable property. A pot planting method characterized by interposing layers and exposing an inner pot to sunlight during cultivation, or using a transparent or substantially transparent outer pot.
[0006]
Further, the present invention provides an outer pot, a water-permeable and air-permeable inner pot, a medium layer in the inner pot, a water-permeable and air-permeable medium supporting gravel layer, and air interposed between the outer pot and the inner pot. And a potted plant cultivation container.
[0007]
When the inner pot is made to be root-permeable, the root passes through the inner pot and extends on the outer peripheral surface of the inner pot.
When an air layer is interposed between the pot and the inner pot, the roots that have passed through the inner pot enter the air layer and tend to extend on the outer peripheral surface of the inner pot.
If the inner bowl is taken out occasionally during the cultivation of the crop and exposed to sunlight, the root on the outer peripheral surface is cut off and no root winding occurs.
[0008]
When the outer pot is transparent or substantially transparent, light easily penetrates the outer pot and hits the crop roots on the outer peripheral surface of the inner pot, even if it is not taken out and exposed to sunlight, cutting the roots, Prevents root wrap.
It is particularly preferable that the depth of the culture medium is about 10 cm or less, and that the roots are concentrated and generated near the ground surface without generating the direct roots. When the thickness of the medium layer is within about 10 cm, water is sucked up from the bottom of the medium layer to the surface by capillary action. On the other hand, when the thickness of the culture medium layer is too thin, the culture medium is reduced, so that cultivation is difficult, and the thickness is limited from this aspect. Depending on the crop, the medium has a depth from the surface to the bottom of at least about 4 cm, usually about 5 cm or more.
The intervening air layer increases the respiration of the crop.
It is convenient to divide the medium layer into a first medium layer having a thickness of about 3 to 5 cm and a second medium layer having a thickness of about 5 to 7 cm, because the growth can be adjusted according to the type of crop.
[0009]
When weakly acidic to weakly alkaline gravel or calcined soil is used as the first medium layer, and strongly acidic to strongly alkaline gravel or calcined soil is used as the second medium layer, almost all general crops that can be pot-planted are usually used. Can be conveniently cultivated. This is because if weakly acidic to weakly alkaline gravel or calcined soil is used as the first medium layer, even if the second medium layer is strongly acidic or strongly alkaline gravel or calcined soil, pot planting can be carried out corresponding to the crop. Almost all common crops can be grown. For example, basil does not grow in a strongly alkaline coral soil of pH 11, but can be cultivated by using a weakly alkaline first medium layer even if the second medium layer is a strongly alkaline coral soil of pH 11. Good quality, good taste and aroma.
[0010]
The use of a support for holding the inner pot is convenient for interposing an air space, and can provide a crop support and a support holding hole.
The support base can be provided on the outer bowl.
The particle size of the culture medium layer is preferably about 0.1 to 5 mm. If it is smaller than about 0.1 mm, the air permeability is inferior. If it is coarser than about 5 mm, the gas permeability and water permeability become excessive.
Since the medium supporting gravel layer is provided for the purpose of supporting the medium layer, the particle size is preferably about 5 mm or more so as to function as a medium supporting layer instead of a medium layer.
The medium supporting gravel layer is preferably neutral and has a particle size of about 5 mm or more.
The medium is selected from natural soil or gravel depending on the type of crop. In order to make delicious fruits and vegetables, suitable for acid soil are, for example, shiso, tea plant, and blueberry; suitable for neutral soil are, for example, cucumbers, eggplants and tomatoes; and for alkaline soil, are, for example, basil. .
[0011]
For the outer and inner bowls, use plastics or natural materials of a safe material from which environmental hormones hardly elute.
The inner bowl is conveniently made of a non-woven fabric such as poval (vinylon), polyethylene, and kenaf. Polyethylene and polypropylene are relatively safe.
When a waterproof sheet is provided between the cultivation container and the ground surface, the cultivation container and the ground surface can be isolated from each other, and leaked irrigation water and liquid fertilizer can be prevented from penetrating into the underground, which is convenient.
When the outer bowl or the support has a crop supporting column and a column holding hole, it is convenient for supporting a stem or a vine when a crop such as cucumber, eggplant, and tomato is elongated. In addition, having a support is convenient for holding a rain protection sheet, an insect net, and the like.
When the surface of the culture medium can be covered with a watering and fertilizing sheet, it acts as a multi-sheet, prevents transpiration, pulls up water by capillary action, and performs multi-irrigation and fertilizing.
The outer bowl can be marked with a logo or mark on the surface.
[0012]
Effect of the Invention
Prevents root wrap.
Breathability improves. In the air-permeable inner bowl, the roots of the plant are all surrounded by a layer of air, so that the root's respiration is activated.
It can control the internode distance of crops and control dwarfing and stunting.
Wet damage of stagnant water can be eliminated.
It does not pollute groundwater and is not affected by underground temperature and moisture.
By reducing the number of medium layers, the water content can be easily and quickly controlled, and the work can be saved.
Water is drawn up from the bottom of the medium layer to the surface by capillary action.
Watering and fertilization can be evenly applied to the medium layer from the surface.
[0013]
【The invention's effect】
Root wrapping can be prevented.
Root respiration becomes active.
Almost all common crops that can be potted can be grown.
It can control the internode distance of crops and control dwarfing and stunting.
Wet damage of stagnant water can be eliminated.
It does not pollute groundwater and is not affected by underground temperature and moisture. Root growth and activity do not stop during the cold season.
Moisture can be controlled easily and quickly, and labor can be saved.
Not subject to the tedious restrictions of the Farmland Law.
Crops such as cucumbers, eggplants and tomatoes are often grafted (alternative roots) when cultivated on a large scale in a greenhouse, open field, etc., but can also be applied when they are not grafted (self-rooted).
The house can be used three-dimensionally by, for example, an arrangement in which the cultivation containers are suspended vertically. Seedlings can be grown below and grown above.
Since installation and movement are easy, ventilation, lighting, workability, and the like can be improved to a favorable state. With regard to flowers, it is possible to produce flowers that maintain a strong disease resistance day.
[0014]
It is easier to implement farming methods that reduce water and fertilizers to the limit (Japanese Patent Publication No. 3-4170), and produce vegetables and fruits with high sugar content and high vitamin C and mineral content.
By adjusting the culture medium, it is easy to create an optimal environment for growing flowers and herbs.
It can be densely planted and is suitable for high quality, high yield and large scale cultivation.
It is easy to control root elongation by adjusting nutrients.
The growth of the above-ground part is made dwarf and the daylighting property is improved, so that labor saving, high quality, and high yield can be achieved.
Multi-year recycling cultivation without continuous cropping obstacles becomes possible.
[0015]
By introducing the irrigation system using a computer, the amount of irrigation can be kept appropriate and uniform.
By isolating the ground surface and the culture medium, infection of the culture medium by pathogenic bacteria living deep in the soil can be prevented.
It is easy to prevent the spread of pests.
The cultivation vessels are independent of each other, and the pathogens, which are often seen in hydroponic culture, are not transmitted using the culture solution as a medium.
Diseased or poorly growing strains can be removed and the containers of normal strains can be easily replaced thereafter.
Water can be sucked up from the bottom of the medium layer to the surface by capillary action.
Potted planting can be easily installed without worrying about the level because it can use an independent environment and drip irrigation system. In addition, the amount of fertilization and the amount of irrigation can be easily adjusted.
Fertilization and irrigation can be evenly applied to the medium layer from the surface.
By designing a medium suitable for the crop and season, high quality crops and fruits can be harvested in large quantities.
Continuous cropping becomes possible, and multi-year recycling cultivation becomes possible. If continuous cultivation is not possible, continuous cultivation can be easily achieved by firing the medium or sterilizing it with high-temperature steam.
Continuous self-root cultivation becomes possible, which can reduce costs and reproduce the original characteristics of varieties.
Nematodes inhabit only in shallow soil. Since microorganisms that are harmful to plants are scarcely present in deep soil about 50 cm or more from the ground surface, if a medium is collected from such deep soil, disinfection and high-temperature steaming do not need to be performed.
By appropriately selecting the cultivation method and cultivation environment to produce tomatoes having a sugar content of 7 or more, unique tomatoes having different tomato shapes and different numbers of ventricles can be produced without genetic modification.
[0016]
【Example】
Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in more detail with reference to examples.
[Example 1]
In this example, blue perilla was cultivated using the cultivation container shown in FIG. 4, and the state of growth, yield and quality were compared with those of conventional open-field cultivation.
A medium is put into a non-woven inner bowl made of water-permeable and air-permeable so that the thickness is about 10 cm, and the blue seedlings are planted, and the water and fertilizer are brought to the maximum by the method of Japanese Patent Publication No. 3-4170. Reduced and cultivated.
[0017]
For the first medium layer, a weakly acidic calcined soil having a thickness of about 4 cm was used, and for the second medium layer, weakly alkaline gravel having a thickness of about 6 cm was used.
The cultivation container was covered with a waterproof sheet in the house, and was placed on it.
Fertilization and irrigation was performed after confirming in advance that the surface of the culture medium was dry, and then fertilization and irrigation so that the entire surface was sufficiently wet but did not flow downward from the inner bowl.
The inner bowl was taken out from 9:00 am to 1:00 pm, once a week, and applied to the sun.
At the same time, ridges were formed on the ground in the same house, and blue seedlings were planted in a row at a distance of about 20 cm between the plants and cultivated in the open field.
[0018]
The blue veins according to the present invention have thick roots, the veins are well developed, the veins rise on the back of the leaves, the surface of the leaves becomes bright green, and the part between the veins on the back of the leaves is slightly purple. became. The aroma was stronger than that of the alley grown and had a pleasant flavor. This was because nutrient components could be selectively absorbed by the capillary root group. The lower leaves were picked, and an average of about 168 pieces were harvested per plant.
The green cultivated in the open field was dark green with leaves and stems, weak fragrance, odor, and bitter leaves. The internode distance between the side branch and the next side branch was long, the tree lengthened, and the leaves were soft. Approximately 120 seeds per plant were harvested from the lower leaves.
[0019]
[Example 2]
In this example, basil was cultivated using a cultivation container substantially similar to the cultivation container shown in FIG. 4, and the state of growth, yield, and quality were compared with those in conventional open-field cultivation.
A transparent container with good translucency was used for the outer bowl.
A culture medium was put into an inner bowl made of a nonwoven fabric having water-permeability and air-permeability so as to have a thickness of about 9 to 10 cm.
[0020]
For the first medium layer, a slightly alkaline calcined soil having a thickness of about 5 cm was used, and for the second medium layer, strongly alkaline sand and gravel having a thickness of about 5 cm was used.
The surface of the medium was covered with a non-woven sheet to prevent evaporation of water, and the water was diffused and wetted by capillary action over the entire surface.
The cultivation container was covered with a waterproof sheet in the house, and was placed on it.
Fertilization and irrigation was performed by spraying water onto the nonwoven fabric sheet, and after confirming in advance that the surface of the culture medium was dry, fertilization and irrigation were performed so that the entire surface was sufficiently wet but did not flow downward from the inner bowl.
At the same time, ridges were formed on the ground in the same house, basil seedlings were planted in a row at a distance of about 25 cm, and cultivated outdoors.
[0021]
Basil according to the present invention has a dense root group, well-developed veins, veins bulge on the back of the leaves, the surface of the leaves becomes bright green, and the portion between the veins on the back of the leaves is slightly purple. The internode distance between the side branch and the next side branch was shorter than that of the "open field" cultivation, and the height of the tree was shorter. Basil has a refreshing aroma and is stronger than that of open-field cultivation, has less bitterness, has a pleasant flavor, has a crisp texture as added to salad, and contains about 3 times the content of vitamin C than that of open-field cultivation Above all, the nitrogen content was low. The yield was about twice that of the field cultivation.
[0022]
The basil grown in the open field has developed straight roots, few capillary roots, and could not selectively absorb water and nutrients, so the leaves and stems are dark green, and the fragrance is much weaker than the basil of the present invention It was not fresh, had strong bitterness on the leaves, and had a greasy taste. The internode distance between the side branch and the next side branch was long, the tree lengthened, and the leaves were soft. This was due to the lack of capillary roots, the development of direct roots, and the inability to selectively absorb water and nutrients, as well as the lack of aroma and poor nutrients in herbs grown in plants such as hydroponics. It was due to.
[0023]
Embodiment 3
In this example, tomatoes were cultivated using a cultivation container substantially similar to the cultivation container shown in FIG. 4, and the state of growth, the yield, and the quality were compared with those in conventional open-field cultivation.
A culture medium was put into an inner bowl made of a nonwoven fabric having water-permeability and air-permeability so as to have a thickness of about 9 to 10 cm.
A transparent container with good translucency was used for the outer bowl.
Neutral calcined soil with a thickness of about 5 cm was used for the first medium layer, and weakly acidic gravel with a thickness of about 5 cm was used for the second medium layer.
The cultivation container was covered with a waterproof sheet in the house, and was placed on it.
[0024]
Fertilization and irrigation was performed by spraying water onto the nonwoven fabric sheet, and after confirming in advance that the surface of the culture medium was dry, fertilization and irrigation were performed so that the entire surface was sufficiently wet but did not flow downward from the inner bowl. From the first stage to the fifth stage, an average of about 3 kg was harvested per plant. The sugar content of the tomato was about 5 degrees on average from the first stage to the second stage. The average was about 7 degrees from the third stage to the fifth stage.
At the same time, ridges were formed on the ground in the same house, and tomato seedlings were planted in a row at an interval of about 30 cm, and cultivated outdoors.
Tomato grown in the open field has a small number of capillary roots, straight roots developed and could not selectively absorb water and nutrients, so it has low sugar content, sweetness and sourness like tomatoes grown in plants such as hydroponics. Was not well balanced. From the first stage to the fifth stage, an average of about 4 kg was harvested per plant. The sugar content of the tomato was about 3 degrees on average from the first stage to the second stage. The average was about 4 degrees from the third stage to the fifth stage.
[0025]
In the tomato according to the present invention, the capillaries were prosperous, the internode distance between the side branch and the next side branch was shorter, the height of the tree was low, and the growth was faster than that in the open-field cultivation. The number of fruit ventricles was more than twice that of the alley-grown ones, and the hair was densely formed on the outer skin of the fruit, and the leaves and stems emitted a pleasant aroma like herbs. Even when the fruits were ripe on the tree, the seeds in the ventricle and the jelly-like portion wrapping the seeds exhibited a bright green color, and the juice and seeds did not flow out when cut into slices. In addition, the sugar content easily became 6 or more, the specific gravity became large, and the fish sank in water. These excellent properties were obtained without genetic modification, and high-quality tomatoes could be produced without using any means such as genetic modification. Conventional open-field cultivation has not been able to produce such high quality tomatoes. Further, even if the tomato seeds of the present invention were collected and cultivated by conventional open-field cultivation, these excellent properties could not be reproduced.
The part of the skin, stem and root of the tomato according to the present invention had a high sugar content and was delicious. This is similar to the fact that a high sugar content in the grape skin produces a high quality wine.
[0026]
Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to specific embodiments, the present invention is not limited to these embodiments, and various modifications may be made without departing from the broad spirit and scope of the present invention. Of course, it can be modified.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a diagrammatic perspective view showing an example of a culture medium contained in an inner pot.
FIG. 2 is a diagrammatic perspective view showing an example of a culture medium layer and a supporting gravel layer.
FIG. 3 is a diagrammatic sectional view showing an example of the cultivation container of the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a diagrammatic perspective view showing an example of an outer bowl.
FIG. 5 is a schematic perspective view showing an example of a support base.
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Inner bowl 2 Outer bowl 3 Medium 3A 1st medium layer 3B 2nd medium layer 4 Medium support gravel layer 5 Air layer 6 Support stand 7 Vent hole 8 Drain hole 9 Water absorption cloth 10 Water 11 Strut 12 Strut holding hole

Claims (15)

外鉢と、通水通気通根性の内鉢と、内鉢内の培地と、通水通気性の培地支持礫層とを用いる鉢植栽培方法において、外鉢と内鉢との間に空気層を介在させ、栽培中に内鉢を日光に当てるか、又は透明又は略々透明な外鉢を用いることを特徴とする鉢植栽培方法。In the pot planting method using an outer pot, a water-permeable and air-permeable inner pot, a medium in the inner pot, and a water-permeable and air-bearing medium supporting gravel layer, an air layer is formed between the outer pot and the inner pot. A pot plant cultivation method, wherein an inner pot is exposed to sunlight during cultivation, or a transparent or substantially transparent outer pot is used. 培地層の厚さを１０ｃｍ以内とする請求項１の鉢植栽培方法。The pot planting method according to claim 1, wherein the thickness of the medium layer is within 10 cm. 培地層を厚さ３〜５ｃｍの第１培地層と厚さ５〜７ｃｍの第２培地層とに分ける請求項１又は２の鉢植栽培方法。The potting method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the culture medium layer is divided into a first culture medium layer having a thickness of 3 to 5 cm and a second culture medium layer having a thickness of 5 to 7 cm. 第１培地層として弱酸性〜弱アルカリ性の砂礫又は焼成土を用い、第２培地層として強酸性〜強アルカリ性の砂礫又は焼成土を用いる請求項３の鉢植栽培方法。The potting method according to claim 3, wherein weakly acidic to weakly alkaline gravel or calcined soil is used as the first medium layer, and strongly acidic to strongly alkaline gravel or calcined soil is used as the second medium layer. 内鉢を支持台上に保持する請求項１、２、３又は４の鉢植栽培方法。5. The pot planting method according to claim 1, wherein the inner pot is held on a support. 外鉢と地表との間に防水シートを設ける請求項１、２、３、４又は５の鉢植栽培方法。The pot planting method according to claim 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5, wherein a waterproof sheet is provided between the outer pot and the ground surface. 培地表面に散水施肥シートを被せる請求項１、２、３、４、５又は６の鉢植栽培方法。The pot planting method according to claim 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6, wherein a watering fertilization sheet is placed on the surface of the culture medium. 外鉢と、通水通気通根性の内鉢と、内鉢内の培地層と、通水通気性の培地支持礫層と、外鉢と内鉢との間に介在する空気層とを有することを特徴とする鉢植栽培容器。Having an outer pot, a water-permeable and air-permeable inner pot, a medium layer in the inner pot, a water-permeable and air-permeable medium supporting gravel layer, and an air layer interposed between the outer pot and the inner pot A potted plant cultivation container characterized by the following. 外鉢が透明又は略々透明である請求項８の鉢植栽培容器。9. The pot plant cultivation container according to claim 8, wherein the outer pot is transparent or substantially transparent. 培地層が厚さ３〜５ｃｍの第１培地層と厚さ５〜７ｃｍの第２培地層とから成る請求項８又は９の鉢植栽培容器。The pot plant cultivation container according to claim 8 or 9, wherein the culture medium layer comprises a first culture medium layer having a thickness of 3 to 5 cm and a second culture medium layer having a thickness of 5 to 7 cm. 第１培地層として弱酸性〜弱アルカリ性の砂礫又は焼成土を用い、第２培地層として強酸性〜強アルカリ性の砂礫又は焼成土を用いた請求項１０の鉢植栽培容器。11. The pot plant cultivation container according to claim 10, wherein weakly acidic to weakly alkaline gravel or calcined soil is used as the first medium layer, and strongly acidic to strongly alkaline gravel or calcined soil is used as the second medium layer. 内鉢を保持する支持台を有する請求項８、９又は１０の鉢植栽培容器。The pot plant cultivation container according to claim 8, 9 or 10, further comprising a supporter for holding the inner pot. 外鉢と地表との間に防水シートを設けた請求項８、９、１０又は１１の鉢植栽培容器。The pot plant cultivation container according to claim 8, 9, 10, or 11, wherein a waterproof sheet is provided between the outer pot and the ground surface. 支持台又は外鉢が作物支持支柱と支柱保持孔を有する請求項１２の鉢植栽培容器。13. The pot plant cultivation container according to claim 12, wherein the support base or the outer pot has a crop support column and a column holding hole. 培地表面に散水施肥シートを被せる請求項８、９、１０、１１、１２、１３又は１４の鉢植栽培容器。The pot plant cultivation container according to claim 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, or 14, wherein a watering fertilization sheet is placed on the surface of the culture medium.

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