JP2004106709A

JP2004106709A - Air-conditioning ventilation device for rail vehicle

Info

Publication number: JP2004106709A
Application number: JP2002272439A
Authority: JP
Inventors: Masanao Kotani; 小谷　正直; Tomomi Umeda; 梅田　知巳; Hiroaki Matsushima; 松嶋　弘章; Tomotari Shibuya; 澁谷　知足; Daisuke Akemaru; 明丸　大祐
Original assignee: Hitachi Ltd
Current assignee: Hitachi Ltd
Priority date: 2002-09-19
Filing date: 2002-09-19
Publication date: 2004-04-08

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To obtain an air-conditioning ventilation device for vehicles intended to reduce the heat load, make the device smaller and highly efficient, to reduce the power consumption even when fresh air is utilized. <P>SOLUTION: In an air-conditioning device 3 for rail vehicles having an air supply device 11 for supplying the air outside a vehicle and an air discharge device 13 for discharging the air inside the vehicle, the device cooling the air outside the vehicle and sending the air into the inside of the vehicle, a heat exchanger 60 is provided between the downstreamside of a discharge opening of the air supply device 11 and the upstreamside of an air supply opening of the air discharge device 13 to conduct heat-exchange between the air outside the vehicle and the air inside the vehicle to be discharged. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2004,JPO

Description

【０００１】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、鉄道車両の空調換気装置に係り、空調装置の熱負荷を低減させて、空調装置の運転動力を低減するのに好適な鉄道車両用空調換気装置に関するものである。
【０００２】
【従来の技術】
車両が高速でトンネル内を走行する時、トンネル内に大きな圧力変動が発生し、車外の圧力変動の影響を受けて乗客の耳に不快感を与えるので、車両の走行時の状態から送風機の吸込送風量を制御することが知られ、例えば特開昭６２−２２７８５０号公報に記載されている。
【０００３】
また、車外の新鮮空気を利用して空調装置の熱負荷を低減することが知られ、特開平７−２２３５３８号公報に記載されている。
【０００４】
【特許文献１】
特開昭６２−２２７８５０号公報
【特許文献２】
特開平７−２２３５３８号公報
【０００５】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
上記従来技術では、高静圧の送風機を給気装置として使用するため、送風機を通過した空気は断熱圧縮により温度上昇し、車外温度よりも高温となるので、空調負荷を増大させることとなる。
また、新鮮空気を利用するものでは、雨天時など霧状の雨が給気空気として吸入され、全熱交換機が空気中の水分により脆弱化し、長期に渡る信頼性を低下する恐れがあった。さらに、新鮮空気が換気装置を通過する際の断熱圧縮による負荷を除去するために全熱交換機を使用したとしても、その熱交換器が大型化する。
【０００６】
本発明の目的は、新鮮空気を利用する場合でも、熱負荷を低減し小型で高効率化を図り、消費電力を低減した車両用空調換気装置を提供することにある。また、本発明は、乗客の不快感をより低減すると共に、長期間の信頼性を向上することにある。
【０００７】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明は、車外空気を給気する給気装置と、車内空気を排出する排気装置と、を有し、車外空気を冷却し車内へ送風する鉄道車両用空調装置において、前記給気装置の吐出口の下流から前記排気装置の給気口の上流側へ至る間に熱交換器を設け、前記車外空気と排出される前記車内空気とを熱交換させるものである。
【０００８】
また、上記のものにおいて、車外空気は前記熱交換器を通り、車内の循環空気と混合されてから冷却されることが望ましい。
さらに、上記のものにおいて、熱交換器は、給気される前記車外空気から吸熱して冷媒を蒸発させる蒸発部と、該蒸発部で発生した冷媒ガスを上昇させるガス配管と、排出される前記車内空気へ放熱して冷媒を凝縮させる凝縮部と、該凝縮部で発生した液冷媒を重力によって降下させる液配管を順次連通した冷媒流路と、を有するヒートパイプ式熱交換器とすることが望ましい。
【０００９】
さらに、上記のものにおいて、車外空気は熱交換器を通り、車内の循環空気と混合され、補助冷却部で冷却され、その後、再び冷却部で冷却されることが望ましい。
【００１０】
【発明の実施の形態】
以下、本発明の一実施の形態を図１および図２を参照して説明する。図１は車両用空調換気装置３が搭載された鉄道車両１を示す概略図であり、図２は車両用空調換気装置３における排熱回収用の熱交換器を示したものである。
車両空調換気装置３は、車外の新鮮空気ＦＡを給気する給気装置１１及び車内の空気ＥＡを排気する排気装置１３から構成される換気装置１０と車内の循環空気と新鮮空気を混合する混合部２０、混合気を冷却する冷却部４０、冷却部を通過した調和空気ＣＡを車内へ送風する送風機５０、新鮮空気と排気空気を熱交換させるヒートパイプ式熱交換器６０から構成されている。
【００１１】
車両用空調換気装置３は次のように動作する。換気装置１０により給気された新鮮空気ＦＡは給気装置１１の吐出口１２で断熱圧縮により温度上昇し、ヒートパイプ式熱交換器６０の蒸発部６１で熱交換し冷却される。その後、混合部２０で新鮮空気ＦＡと循環器ＲＡが混合されて混合気ＭＡとなり、冷却部４０で調和空気ＣＡとなる。調和空気ＲＡは送風機５０により車内２に設けてある吹出し口から車内２へ通気される。排気空気ＥＡ及び循環空気ＲＡは車内２に設けてある排気空気ＲＡ及び循環器ＥＡの吸込み口から空調換気装置３へ排出され、一部は排気空気ＥＡとなり、一部は循環空気ＲＡとなる。循環器ＲＡはその後、新鮮空気ＦＡと混合し、混合気ＭＡとなる。排気空気ＥＡは排出装置１３の給気口１４上流にあるヒートパイプ式熱交換器６０の凝縮部６３で加熱された後、排気装置１３の給気口１４から排気装置１３へ給気され、その後、車外へ排出される。
【００１２】
図２に示すヒートパイプ熱交換器は、新鮮空気ＦＡと熱交換する蒸発部６１、ガス配管６２、排気空気ＥＡと熱交する凝縮部６３、及び液配管６４を順次連通することによって構成される。凝縮部６３は液化した冷媒が重力落下により蒸発部６１へ循環するようにするために、蒸発部６１よりも高い位置に設置されている。
冷媒は蒸発部６１で新鮮空気ＦＡと熱交換して蒸発しガス冷媒となり、この時、新鮮空気ＦＡは冷媒によって冷却される。その後、冷媒はガス配管６２を通って凝縮部６３へ導入され、凝縮部６３において車内から排出された排気空気ＥＡと熱交換して液冷媒となる。この時、排気空気ＥＡは加熱され、液冷媒は液配管６４を通過して蒸発部６１へ戻る循環を繰り返す。本方式では、ガス冷媒はガス配管を流れ、液冷媒は液配管６４を流れるので、ガス流れによる上昇流と液冷媒の重力落下による下降流が干渉しないため熱輸送量の限界を向上することが可能となる。この結果、熱交換器を小型化することができる。以上により、蒸気の流れと凝縮液の流れが干渉しなくなり、熱交換器を小型・高効率化し、空調換気装置そのものも小型化することが出来る。
【００１３】
図３は他の実施形態を示し、図３において、新鮮空気ＭＡと循環器ＲＡを混合した混合気ＭＡを補助冷却部３０で冷却することによって、冷却部４０へ給気される空気の熱負荷を低減できる。本例では補助冷却部３０、冷却部４０の上流側で排気空気ＥＡと新鮮空気ＦＡとが熱交換することによって排熱回収が行なわれるので、より効率向上を図ることができる。
【００１４】
【発明の効果】
以上説明したように本発明によれば、新鮮空気を利用する場合でも、熱負荷を低減し小型で高効率化を図り、消費電力を低減した車両用空調換気装置を得ることができる。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図１】本発明による一の実施形態を示す構成図。
【図２】一実施の形態によるヒートパイプ式熱交換器を示す平面図。
【図３】本発明による他の実施形態を示す構成図。
【符号の説明】
１…鉄道車両、２…車内、３…空調換気装置、１０…換気装置、１１…給気装置、１２…給気装置の吐出口、１３…排気装置、１４…排気装置の給気口、２０…混合部、３０…補助冷却部、４０…冷却部、５０…送風機、６０…ヒートパイプ式熱交換器、６１…凝縮部、６２…液配管、６３…蒸発部、６４…ガス配管。[0001]
TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to an air conditioning ventilation device for a railway vehicle, and more particularly to a railway vehicle air conditioning ventilation device suitable for reducing the heat load of the air conditioning device and reducing the driving power of the air conditioning device.
[0002]
[Prior art]
When a vehicle travels in a tunnel at high speed, a large pressure fluctuation occurs in the tunnel, and the pressure fluctuation outside the vehicle causes discomfort to the passengers' ears. It is known to control the amount of air blow, and is described in, for example, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 62-227850.
[0003]
It is also known to reduce the heat load of the air conditioner by using fresh air outside the vehicle, which is described in JP-A-7-223538.
[0004]
[Patent Document 1]
JP-A-62-227850 [Patent Document 2]
JP-A-7-223538
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
In the above prior art, since a high static pressure blower is used as an air supply device, the temperature of the air passing through the blower rises due to adiabatic compression and becomes higher than the outside temperature of the vehicle, so that the air conditioning load increases.
Further, in the case of using fresh air, misty rain such as rainy weather is sucked in as supply air, and the total heat exchanger may be weakened by moisture in the air, which may reduce long-term reliability. Furthermore, even if a total heat exchanger is used to remove the load due to adiabatic compression when fresh air passes through the ventilator, the heat exchanger becomes large.
[0006]
An object of the present invention is to provide a vehicle air-conditioning and ventilating device that reduces heat load, achieves compactness and high efficiency, and reduces power consumption even when fresh air is used. Another object of the present invention is to further reduce the discomfort of passengers and improve long-term reliability.
[0007]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The present invention relates to an air conditioner for a railway vehicle that has an air supply device that supplies air outside the vehicle and an exhaust device that discharges air inside the vehicle, and cools air outside the vehicle and blows air into the vehicle. A heat exchanger is provided between the downstream side of the outlet and the upstream side of the air supply port of the exhaust device to exchange heat between the outside air and the discharged inside air.
[0008]
Further, in the above, it is desirable that the air outside the vehicle passes through the heat exchanger and is mixed with the circulating air in the vehicle before being cooled.
Further, in the above, the heat exchanger is provided with an evaporator for absorbing heat from the supplied outside air to evaporate the refrigerant, a gas pipe for raising the refrigerant gas generated in the evaporator, and The heat pipe type heat exchanger may include a condensing unit that radiates heat to the air in the vehicle to condense the refrigerant, and a refrigerant flow path that sequentially communicates a liquid pipe that lowers the liquid refrigerant generated in the condensing unit by gravity. desirable.
[0009]
Further, in the above, it is desirable that the air outside the vehicle passes through the heat exchanger, is mixed with the circulating air in the vehicle, cooled in the auxiliary cooling unit, and then cooled again in the cooling unit.
[0010]
BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
Hereinafter, an embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. FIG. 1 is a schematic view showing a railway vehicle 1 on which a vehicle air conditioning and ventilation device 3 is mounted, and FIG. 2 shows a heat exchanger for recovering exhaust heat in the vehicle air conditioning and ventilation device 3.
The vehicle air-conditioning ventilator 3 includes a ventilator 10 including an air supply device 11 for supplying fresh air FA outside the vehicle and an exhaust device 13 for exhausting air EA in the vehicle, and a mixing device for mixing circulating air and fresh air in the vehicle. It comprises a unit 20, a cooling unit 40 for cooling the air-fuel mixture, a blower 50 for blowing the conditioned air CA passing through the cooling unit into the vehicle, and a heat pipe heat exchanger 60 for exchanging heat between fresh air and exhaust air.
[0011]
The vehicle air conditioner / ventilator 3 operates as follows. The temperature of the fresh air FA supplied by the ventilator 10 is increased by adiabatic compression at the discharge port 12 of the air supply device 11, and heat is exchanged and cooled by the evaporator 61 of the heat pipe heat exchanger 60. Thereafter, the fresh air FA and the circulator RA are mixed in the mixing section 20 to form an air-fuel mixture MA, and the cooling section 40 becomes conditioned air CA. The conditioned air RA is blown into the vehicle interior 2 by a blower 50 from an outlet provided in the vehicle interior 2. The exhaust air EA and the circulating air RA are exhausted from the air inlet of the exhaust air RA and the circulator EA provided in the vehicle interior 2 to the air-conditioning and ventilating device 3, part of which becomes the exhaust air EA, and part of which becomes the circulating air RA. The circulator RA then mixes with the fresh air FA to form a mixture MA. The exhaust air EA is heated by the condenser 63 of the heat pipe type heat exchanger 60 upstream of the air supply port 14 of the exhaust device 13, and then is supplied from the air supply port 14 of the exhaust device 13 to the exhaust device 13. , Is discharged outside the vehicle.
[0012]
The heat pipe heat exchanger shown in FIG. 2 is configured by sequentially communicating an evaporator 61 that exchanges heat with fresh air FA, a gas pipe 62, a condenser 63 that exchanges heat with the exhaust air EA, and a liquid pipe 64. . The condensing section 63 is installed at a higher position than the evaporating section 61 so that the liquefied refrigerant is circulated to the evaporating section 61 by gravity drop.
The refrigerant exchanges heat with the fresh air FA in the evaporator 61 and evaporates to become a gas refrigerant. At this time, the fresh air FA is cooled by the refrigerant. Thereafter, the refrigerant is introduced into the condenser 63 through the gas pipe 62, and exchanges heat with the exhaust air EA exhausted from the interior of the vehicle in the condenser 63 to become a liquid refrigerant. At this time, the exhaust air EA is heated, and the circulation of the liquid refrigerant passing through the liquid pipe 64 and returning to the evaporator 61 is repeated. In this method, since the gas refrigerant flows through the gas pipe and the liquid refrigerant flows through the liquid pipe 64, the upward flow due to the gas flow and the downward flow due to the gravitational drop of the liquid refrigerant do not interfere with each other. It becomes possible. As a result, the heat exchanger can be downsized. As described above, the flow of the steam and the flow of the condensate do not interfere with each other, and the heat exchanger can be reduced in size and efficiency, and the air conditioning and ventilation device itself can be reduced in size.
[0013]
FIG. 3 shows another embodiment. In FIG. 3, the heat load of the air supplied to the cooling unit 40 is cooled by cooling the air-fuel mixture MA obtained by mixing the fresh air MA and the circulator RA with the auxiliary cooling unit 30. Can be reduced. In this example, since the exhaust heat recovery is performed by exchanging heat between the exhaust air EA and the fresh air FA on the upstream side of the auxiliary cooling unit 30 and the cooling unit 40, the efficiency can be further improved.
[0014]
【The invention's effect】
As described above, according to the present invention, even when fresh air is used, it is possible to obtain a vehicle air-conditioning ventilator that reduces heat load, achieves compactness and high efficiency, and reduces power consumption.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a configuration diagram showing one embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a plan view showing a heat pipe type heat exchanger according to one embodiment.
FIG. 3 is a configuration diagram showing another embodiment according to the present invention.
[Explanation of symbols]
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Railroad vehicle, 2 ... car interior, 3 ... air-conditioning ventilation apparatus, 10 ... ventilation apparatus, 11 ... air supply apparatus, 12 ... discharge port of air supply apparatus, 13 ... exhaust apparatus, 14 ... air supply port of exhaust apparatus, 20 ... Mixing section, 30 ... Auxiliary cooling section, 40 ... Cooling section, 50 ... Blower, 60 ... Heat pipe type heat exchanger, 61 ... Condensing section, 62 ... Liquid pipe, 63 ... Evaporating section, 64 ... Gas pipe.

Claims

車外空気を給気する給気装置と、車内空気を排出する排気装置と、を有し、車外空気を冷却し車内へ送風する鉄道車両用空調装置において、
前記給気装置の吐出口の下流から前記排気装置の給気口の上流側へ至る間に熱交換器を設け、前記車外空気と排出される前記車内空気とを熱交換させることを特徴とする鉄道車両用空調換気装置。An air-conditioning device for a railway vehicle that has an air supply device that supplies air outside the vehicle and an exhaust device that discharges air inside the vehicle, and cools the air outside the vehicle and blows air into the vehicle,
A heat exchanger is provided from downstream of the discharge port of the air supply device to upstream of the air supply port of the exhaust device, and heat exchange is performed between the outside air and the discharged inside air. Air conditioning ventilation equipment for railway vehicles.

請求項１に記載のものにおいて、前記車外空気は前記熱交換器を通り、車内の循環空気と混合されてから冷却されることを特徴とする鉄道車両用空調換気装置。The air conditioning and ventilation system for a railway vehicle according to claim 1, wherein the outside air passes through the heat exchanger, is mixed with circulating air in the vehicle, and is cooled.

請求項１に記載のものにおいて、前記熱交換器は、給気される前記車外空気から吸熱して冷媒を蒸発させる蒸発部と、該蒸発部で発生した冷媒ガスを上昇させるガス配管と、排出される前記車内空気へ放熱して冷媒を凝縮させる凝縮部と、該凝縮部で発生した液冷媒を重力によって降下させる液配管を順次連通した冷媒流路と、を有するヒートパイプ式熱交換器とすることを特徴とする鉄道車両用空調換気装置。2. The heat exchanger according to claim 1, wherein the heat exchanger is configured to evaporate a refrigerant by absorbing heat from the supplied outside air, a gas pipe for raising refrigerant gas generated in the evaporator, and a discharge pipe. A heat pipe type heat exchanger having a condensing section for radiating heat to the vehicle interior air and condensing the refrigerant, and a refrigerant flow path sequentially communicating with a liquid pipe for lowering the liquid refrigerant generated in the condensing section by gravity. Air-conditioning ventilator for railway vehicles.

請求項１に記載のものにおいて、前記車外空気は前記熱交換器を通り、車内の循環空気と混合され、補助冷却部で冷却され、その後、再び冷却部で冷却されることを特徴とする鉄道車両用空調換気装置。The railway according to claim 1, wherein the outside air passes through the heat exchanger, is mixed with circulating air inside the vehicle, is cooled in an auxiliary cooling unit, and is then cooled again in a cooling unit. Air conditioning and ventilation system for vehicles.