JP2004103463A - Organic electroluminescent element and display device using the same - Google Patents
Organic electroluminescent element and display device using the same Download PDFInfo
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- JP2004103463A JP2004103463A JP2002265416A JP2002265416A JP2004103463A JP 2004103463 A JP2004103463 A JP 2004103463A JP 2002265416 A JP2002265416 A JP 2002265416A JP 2002265416 A JP2002265416 A JP 2002265416A JP 2004103463 A JP2004103463 A JP 2004103463A
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- QGKMIGUHVLGJBR-UHFFFAOYSA-M (4z)-1-(3-methylbutyl)-4-[[1-(3-methylbutyl)quinolin-1-ium-4-yl]methylidene]quinoline;iodide Chemical compound [I-].C12=CC=CC=C2N(CCC(C)C)C=CC1=CC1=CC=[N+](CCC(C)C)C2=CC=CC=C12 QGKMIGUHVLGJBR-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
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- BRUOAURMAFDGLP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 9,10-dibromoanthracene Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(Br)=C(C=CC=C3)C3=C(Br)C2=C1 BRUOAURMAFDGLP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 125000005945 imidazopyridyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
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- 125000001449 isopropyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000000956 methoxy group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])O* 0.000 description 1
- 125000004184 methoxymethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])OC([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 229910000027 potassium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000001725 pyrenyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- WVIICGIFSIBFOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyrylium Chemical compound C1=CC=[O+]C=C1 WVIICGIFSIBFOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 125000000999 tert-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C(*)(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003852 triazoles Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000002023 trifluoromethyl group Chemical group FC(F)(F)* 0.000 description 1
- PBRKCNMSBIMTKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N triphenyl-(10-triphenylsilylanthracen-9-yl)silane Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1[Si](C=1C2=CC=CC=C2C(=C2C=CC=CC2=1)[Si](C=1C=CC=CC=1)(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C=1C=CC=CC=1)(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 PBRKCNMSBIMTKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- H10K85/615—Polycyclic condensed aromatic hydrocarbons, e.g. anthracene
- H10K85/622—Polycyclic condensed aromatic hydrocarbons, e.g. anthracene containing four rings, e.g. pyrene
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- H10K85/626—Polycyclic condensed aromatic hydrocarbons, e.g. anthracene containing more than one polycyclic condensed aromatic rings, e.g. bis-anthracene
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- H10K2102/101—Transparent electrodes, e.g. using graphene comprising transparent conductive oxides [TCO]
- H10K2102/103—Transparent electrodes, e.g. using graphene comprising transparent conductive oxides [TCO] comprising indium oxides, e.g. ITO
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- H10K85/324—Metal complexes comprising a group IIIA element, e.g. Tris (8-hydroxyquinoline) gallium [Gaq3] comprising aluminium, e.g. Alq3
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- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K85/00—Organic materials used in the body or electrodes of devices covered by this subclass
- H10K85/60—Organic compounds having low molecular weight
- H10K85/631—Amine compounds having at least two aryl rest on at least one amine-nitrogen atom, e.g. triphenylamine
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K85/00—Organic materials used in the body or electrodes of devices covered by this subclass
- H10K85/60—Organic compounds having low molecular weight
- H10K85/631—Amine compounds having at least two aryl rest on at least one amine-nitrogen atom, e.g. triphenylamine
- H10K85/633—Amine compounds having at least two aryl rest on at least one amine-nitrogen atom, e.g. triphenylamine comprising polycyclic condensed aromatic hydrocarbons as substituents on the nitrogen atom
Abstract
Description
【０００１】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、有機エレクトロルミネッセンス（以下、有機ＥＬとも略記する）素子及びそれを用いた表示装置に関するものである。詳しくいえば、本発明は発光輝度に優れた有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子及び本発明の有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子を有する表示装置である。
【０００２】
【従来の技術】
発光型の電子ディスプレイデバイスとして、エレクトロルミネッセンスディスプレイ（ＥＬＤ）がある。ＥＬＤの構成要素としては、無機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子や有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子が挙げられる。無機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子は平面型光源として使用されてきたが、発光素子を駆動させるためには交流の高電圧が必要である。有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子は、発光する化合物を含有する発光層を、陰極と陽極で挟んだ構成を有し、発光層に電子及び正孔を注入して、再結合させることにより励起子（エキシトン）を生成させ、このエキシトンが失活する際の光の放出（蛍光・燐光）を利用して発光する素子であり、数Ｖ〜数十Ｖ程度の電圧で発光が可能であり、さらに、自己発光型であるために視野角に富み、視認性が高く、薄膜型の完全固体素子であるために省スペース、携帯性等の観点から注目されている。
【０００３】
しかしながら、今後の実用化に向けた有機ＥＬ素子には、更なる低消費電力で効率よく高輝度に発光する有機ＥＬ素子の開発が望まれている。
【０００４】
これまで、様々な有機ＥＬ素子が報告されている。たとえば、Ａｐｐｌ．Ｐｈｙｓ．Ｌｅｔｔ．，Ｖｏｌ．５１、９１３頁、あるいは特開昭５９−１９４３９３号に記載の正孔注入層と有機発光体層とを組み合わせたもの、特開昭６３−２９５６９５号に記載の正孔注入層と電子注入輸送層とを組み合わせたもの、Ｊｐｎ．Ｊｏｕｒｎａｌ ｏｆ Ａｐｐｌｉｅｄ Ｐｈｉｓｙｃｓ，ｖｏｌ．１２７，Ｎｏ．２第２６９〜２７１頁に記載の正孔移動層と発光層と電子移動層とを組み合わせたものがそれぞれ開示されている。しかしながら、より高輝度な素子が求められており、エネルギー変換効率、発光量子効率の更なる向上が期待されている。
【０００５】
また、発光寿命が短いという問題点も指摘されている。こうした経時での輝度劣化の要因は完全には解明されていないが、発光中のエレクトロルミネッセンス素子は自ら発する光及びその時に発生する熱などによって薄膜を構成する有機化合物自体の分解、薄膜中での有機化合物の結晶化等、有機ＥＬ素子材料である有機化合物に由来する要因も指摘されている。
【０００６】
また、電子輸送材料は、現在のところ知見が少なく、反結合軌道を利用することも相俟って、実用に耐える有用なる高性能電子輸送材料は見いだされていない。例えば、九州大学の研究グループは、オキサジアゾール系誘導体である２−（４−ビフェニル）−５−（４−ｔ−ブチルフェニル）−１，３，４−オキサジゾール（ｔ−ＢｕＰＢＤ）をはじめ、薄膜安定性を向上させたオキサジアゾール二量体系誘導体の１，３−ビス（４−ｔ−ブチルフェニル−１，３，４−オキサジゾジル）ビフェニレン（ＯＸＤ−１）、１，３−ビス（４−ｔ−ブチルフェニル−１，３，４−オキサジゾリル）フェニレン（ＯＸＤ−７）（Ｊｐｎ．Ｊ．Ａｐｐｌ．Ｐｈｙｓ．ｖｏｌ．３１（１９９２），ｐ．１８１２）を提案している。また、山形大学の研究グループは、電子ブロック性に優れたトリアゾール系電子輸送材料を用いることにより白色発光の素子を作製している（Ｓｃｉｅｎｃｅ，３ Ｍａｒｃｈ １９９５，Ｖｏｌ．２６７，ｐ．１３３２）。さらに、特開平５−３３１４５９号には、フェナントロリン誘導体が電子輸送材料として有用であることが記載されている。
【０００７】
しかし、従来の電子輸送材料では、薄膜形成能が低く、容易に結晶化が起こるため、発光素子が破壊されてしまう問題があり、実用に耐える素子性能を発現できなかった。
【０００８】
これらの問題を解決する有機エレクトロルミネッセンス材料として、分子内にケイ素原子を含む化合物を発光材料、または電子輸送材料として用いる例が開示されているが、発光効率及び発光寿命の両立については十分ではなかった（例えば、特許文献１、２及び３参照。）。
【０００９】
この他にもケイ素系の化合物を有機ＥＬ素子に適用する例としては、例えば特開２０００−３５１９６６号、特開平１１−３７８１号には、正孔輸送材料、発光材料、電子輸送材料として適用できることが示されているが、何れの場合も発光特性や寿命の点で問題があった。
【００１０】
また、発光層をホスト化合物及び微量の蛍光体で構成することにより、発光効率の向上を達成するという手法が報告されている。例えば、米国特許第３，０９３，７９６号では、スチルベン誘導体、ジスチリルアリーレン誘導体、またはトリススチリルアリーレン誘導体に、微量の蛍光体をドープし、発光輝度の向上、素子の長寿命化を達成している。
【００１１】
また、８−ヒドロキシキノリンアルミニウム錯体をホスト化合物として、これに微量の蛍光体をドープした有機発光層を有する素子（例えば、特許文献４参照。）、８−ヒドロキシキノリンアルミニウム錯体をホスト化合物として、これにキナクリドン系色素をドープした有機発光層を有する素子（例えば、特許文献５参照。）が知られている。以上のように、蛍光量子収率の高い蛍光体をドープすることによって、従来の素子に比べて発光輝度を向上させている。
【００１２】
しかし、上記のドープされる微量の蛍光体からの発光は、励起一重項からの発光であり、励起一重項からの発光を用いる場合、一重項励起子と三重項励起子の生成比が１：３であるため、発光性励起種の生成確率が２５％であることと、光の取り出し効率が約２０％であるため、外部取り出し量子効率（ηｅｘｔ）の限界は５％とされている。ところが、プリンストン大から励起三重項からの燐光発光を用いる有機ＥＬ素子が報告がされて以来（Ｍ．Ａ．Ｂａｌｄｏ ｅｔ ａｌ．，ｎａｔｕｒｅ、３９５巻、１５１〜１５４ページ（１９９８年））、室温で燐光を示す材料の研究が活発になってきている（例えば、Ｍ．Ａ．Ｂａｌｄｏ ｅｔ ａｌ．，ｎａｔｕｒｅ、４０３巻、１７号、７５０〜７５３ページ（２０００年）、米国特許６，０９７，１４７号など）。励起三重項を使用すると、内部量子効率の上限が１００％となるため、励起一重項の場合に比べて原理的に発光効率が最大４倍となり、冷陰極管とほぼ同等の性能が得られ、照明用にも応用可能であり注目されている。
【００１３】
燐光性化合物をドーパントとして用いるときのホストは、燐光性化合物の発光極大波長よりも短波な領域に発光極大波長を有することが必要であることはもちろんであるが、その他にも満たすべき条件があることが分かってきた。
【００１４】
Ｔｈｅ １０ｔｈ Ｉｎｔｅｒｎａｔｉｏｎａｌ Ｗｏｒｋｓｈｏｐ ｏｎ Ｉｎｏｒｇａｎｉｃ ａｎｄ Ｏｒｇａｎｉｃ Ｅｌｅｃｔｒｏｌｕｍｉｎｅｓｃｅｎｃｅ（ＥＬ ’００、浜松）では、燐光性化合物についていくつかの報告がなされている。例えば、Ｉｋａｉらはホール輸送性の化合物を、燐光性化合物のホストとして用いている。また、Ｍ．Ｅ．Ｔｏｍｐｓｏｎらは、各種電子輸送性材料を燐光性化合物のホストとして、これらに新規なイリジウム錯体をドープして用いている。さらに、Ｔｓｕｔｓｕｉらは、ホールブロック層の導入により高い発光効率を得ている。
【００１５】
なお、ホールブロック層とは、通常の有機ＥＬ素子で使われている電子輸送層と構成的には同じものであるが、その機能が電子輸送機能よりも発光層から陰極側に漏れ出すホールの移動を阻止する機能が有力であるために、ホールブロック層と名付けられているものであり、一種の電子輸送層と解釈することもできる。
【００１６】
従って本願においてはホールブロック層も電子輸送層と称すこととし、その層で用いられる材料（ホールブロッカー）も電子輸送材料と称す。
【００１７】
燐光性化合物のホスト化合物については、例えば、Ｃ．Ａｄａｃｈｉ ｅｔ ａｌ．，Ａｐｐｌ．Ｐｈｙｓ．Ｌｅｔｔ．，７７巻、９０４ページ（２０００年）等に詳しく記載されているが、高輝度の有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子を得るためにホスト化合物に必要とされる性質について、より新しい観点からのアプローチが必要である。
【００１８】
しかし、いずれの報告も、素子の発光輝度の向上及び耐久性を両立しうる構成は得られていない。
【００１９】
【特許文献１】
特開平９−８７６１６号公報
【００２０】
【特許文献２】
特開平９−１９４４８７号公報
【００２１】
【特許文献３】
特開２０００−１８６０９４号公報
【００２２】
【特許文献４】
特開昭６３−２６４６９２号公報
【００２３】
【特許文献５】
特開平３−２５５１９０号公報
【００２４】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
従って、本発明は、特定構造のケイ素化合物を用いて、素子の発光輝度の向上及び耐久性の両立を目的になされたものであり、また、本発明は、ケイ素化合物を燐光発光用のホスト化合物として用いること、またはケイ素化合物を電子輸送材料（ホールブロッカー）として用いることにより、発光輝度の向上及び耐久性の両立を達成した有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子及び本発明の有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子を用いた発光輝度の高い、長寿命な表示装置を提供するものである。
【００２５】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明の目的は、以下に示す特許請求の範囲の各請求項に記載の発明より達成される。
【００２６】
１．前記一般式（１）で表される化合物の少なくとも１種を含有することを特徴とする有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子。
【００２７】
２．前記一般式（１）で表される化合物を、発光層に含有することを特徴とする前記１項に記載の有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子。
【００２８】
３．前記一般式（１）で表される化合物を、電子輸送層に含有することを特徴とする前記１項に記載の有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子。
【００２９】
４．ホスト化合物及び燐光性化合物を含有する発光層を有する有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子であって、該素子を構成する何れかの層に前記一般式（１）で表される化合物を含有することを特徴とする前記１項に記載の有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子。
【００３０】
５．前記燐光性化合物が、イリジウム化合物、オスミウム化合物、または白金化合物であることを特徴とする前記４項に記載の有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子。
【００３１】
６．前記燐光性化合物が、イリジウム化合物であることを特徴とする前記４項に記載の有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子。
【００３２】
７．前記１〜６項の何れか１項に記載の有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子を有する表示装置。
【００３３】
以下に本発明を詳細に説明する。
まず、一般式（１）で表される化合物について説明する。
【００３４】
一般式（１）において、Ｒ１〜Ｒ３で表される置換基としては、各々、アルキル基（メチル基、エチル基、ｉ−プロピル基、ヒドロキシエチル基、メトキシメチル基、トリフルオロメチル基、ｔ−ブチル基、シクロペンチル基、シクロヘキシル基、ベンジル基等）、アルキルオキシ基（メトキシ基、エトキシ基、ｉ−プロポキシ基、ブトキシ基等）、アリールオキシ基（フェノキシ基等）、ハロゲン原子（フッ素原子、塩素原子、臭素原子、ヨウ素原子等）を示し、また、隣接する置換基同士は互いに縮合し環を形成しても良い。
【００３５】
一般式（１）においてＡｒは縮合芳香族基を表わすが、この場合の縮合芳香族基としては、炭化水素環系芳香族基でも複素環系芳香族基でもよく、例えば、ナフチル基、フェナンスリル基、アントリル基、ピレニル基、キノリル基、カルバゾリル基、ベンズイミダゾリル基、ピロロピラゾリル基、イミダゾピリジル基、ピラゾロトリアゾリル基等がその代表例として挙げられる。
【００３６】
本発明の化合物は、固体状態において強い蛍光を持つ化合物であり、電場発光性にも優れており、発光材料として有効に使用できる。また、金属電極からの優れた電子注入性及び電子輸送性に非常に優れているため、他の発光材料、または本発明の化合物を発光材料として用いた素子において、本発明の化合物を電子輸送材料（またはホールブロッカー）として使用した場合、優れた発光効率を示す。
【００３７】
以下に具体的な化合物の例を挙げるが、本発明は、これらに限定されるものではない。
【００３８】
【化２】
【化３】
【化４】
合成例 化合物１（９，１０−ジ（トリフェニルシリル）アントラセン）の合成
以下の反応は乾燥窒素ガス雰囲気下で行った。
【００４２】
三口フラスコに９，１０−ジブロモアントラセン３．３６ｇ（１０ｍｍｏｌ）、テトラメチルエチレンジアミン４．５２ｍｌ（３０ｍｍｏｌ）、脱水エーテル３２ｍｌ、脱水テトラヒドロフラン１００ｍｌを入れ、撹拌しながら−５５〜−５０℃に保った。Ｎ−ブチルリチウムヘキサン溶液（１．６Ｍ）１５．５ｍｌ（２５ｍｍｏｌ）をシリンジで加えた。濃赤色の反応溶液を同温度で１時間撹拌の後、１０ｍｌの脱水テトラヒドロフランに溶かしたトリフェニルクロロシラン８．８２ｇ（３０ｍｍｏｌ）を滴下した。徐々に昇温し、室温でさらに１２時間撹拌した。蒸留水を加えて反応を止めた後、蒸留水で洗浄、有機層を無水炭酸カリウムで乾燥し、濾液をロータリーエバポレーターで濃縮、減圧乾燥した。
【００４３】
シリカゲルカラムクロマトグラフィー（ヘキサン：クロロホルム＝１：２）でＲｆ値約０．２５の成分を分離し、ヘキサンで繰り返し再結晶した。
【００４４】
収量１．７４ｇ（約２５％）
１Ｈ−ＮＭＲ（ＣＤＣｌ３，ＴＭＳ）δ６．７８（ｄ，Ｊ＝７．０１，２Ｈ，ＡｒＨ），６．７９（ｄ，Ｊ＝６．７７，２Ｈ，ＡｒＨ），７．２４〜７．４１（ｍ，１２Ｈ，ＰｈＨ），７．６３〜７．６６（ｍ，１８Ｈ，ＰｈＨ），８．０４（ｄ，Ｊ＝７．０１，２Ｈ，ＡｒＨ），８．０５（ｄ，Ｊ＝６．７７，２Ｈ，ＡｒＨ）
また、本発明者等は、燐光性化合物のホスト化合物について鋭意検討を重ねた結果、本発明のケイ素化合物をホスト化合物として用いて、有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子を作製した場合に、素子の発光輝度及び寿命が改善されることを見出した。
【００４５】
本発明でいうホスト化合物とは、２種以上の化合物で構成される発光層中において、混合比（質量）の最も多い化合物であり、それ以外の化合物はドーパント化合物という。例えば、発光層を化合物Ａ、化合物Ｂという２種で構成しその混合比がＡ：Ｂ＝１０：９０であれば化合物Ａがドーパント化合物であり、化合物Ｂがホスト化合物である。更に、発光層を化合物Ａ、化合物Ｂ、化合物Ｃの３種から構成し、その混合比がＡ：Ｂ：Ｃ＝５：１０：８５であれば、化合物Ａ、化合物Ｂがドーパント化合物であり、化合物Ｃがホスト化合物である。本発明における燐光性化合物は、ドーパント化合物の一種である。
【００４６】
本発明に係わる燐光性化合物とは励起三重項からの発光が観測される化合物であり、燐光量子収率が、２５℃において０．００１以上の化合物である。好ましくは０．０１以上である。更に好ましくは０．１以上である。
【００４７】
上記燐光量子収率は、第４版実験化学講座７の分光ＩＩの３９８ページ（１９９２年版、丸善）に記載の方法により測定できる。溶液中での燐光量子収率は種々の溶媒を用いて測定できるが、本発明に用いられる燐光性化合物とは、任意の溶媒のいずれかにおいて上記燐光量子収率が達成されれば良い。
【００４８】
好ましくは、元素の周期律表でＶＩＩＩ属の金属を含有する錯体系化合物であり、さらに好ましくは、イリジウム、オウミウム、または白金錯体系化合物である。より好ましくはイリジウム錯体系化合物である。
【００４９】
以下に、本発明で用いられる燐光性化合物の具体例を示すが、これらに限定されるものではない。これらの化合物は、例えば、Ｉｎｏｒｇ．Ｃｈｅｍ．４０巻、１７０４〜１７１１に記載の方法等により合成できる。
【００５０】
【化５】
【化６】
【化７】
また、別の形態では、ホスト化合物と燐光性化合物の他に、燐光性化合物からの発光の極大波長よりも長波な領域に、蛍光極大波長を有する蛍光性化合物を少なくとも１種含有する場合もある。この場合、ホスト化合物と燐光性化合物からのエネルギー移動で、有機ＥＬ素子としての電界発光は蛍光性化合物からの発光が得られる。蛍光性化合物として好ましいのは、溶液状態で蛍光量子収率が高いものである。ここで、蛍光量子収率は０．１以上、特に０．３以上が好ましい。具体的には、クマリン系色素，ピラン系色素，シアニン系色素，クロコニウム系色素，スクアリウム系色素，オキソベンツアントラセン系色素，フルオレセイン系色素，ローダミン系色素，ピリリウム系色素，ペリレン系色素，スチルベン系色素，ポリチオフェン系色素、または、希土類錯体系蛍光体などが挙げられる。
【００５４】
ここでの蛍光量子収率も、前記第４版実験化学講座７の分光ＩＩの３６２ページ（１９９２年版、丸善）に記載の方法により測定することが出来る。
【００５５】
【実施例】
以下、実施例を挙げて本発明を詳細に説明するが、本発明の態様はこれに限定されない。
【００５６】
実施例１
〈有機ＥＬ素子の作製〉
陽極として１００ｍｍ×１００ｍｍ×１．１ｍｍのガラス基板上にＩＴＯ（インジウムチンオキシド）を１５０ｎｍ成膜した基板（ＮＨテクノグラス社製ＮＡ−４５）にパターニングを行った後、このＩＴＯ透明電極を設けた透明支持基板をイソプロピルアルコールで超音波洗浄し、乾燥窒素ガスで乾燥し、ＵＶオゾン洗浄を５分間行なった。
【００５７】
この透明支持基板を、市販の真空蒸着装置の基板ホルダーに固定し、一方、モリブデン製抵抗加熱ボートに、ｍ−ＭＴＤＡＴＸＡを２００ｍｇ入れ、別のモリブデン製抵抗加熱ボートにＤＭＰｈｅｎを２００ｍｇ入れ、別のモリブデン製抵抗加熱ボートにバソキュプロイン（ＢＣＰ）を２００ｍｇ入れ、別のモリブデン製抵抗加熱ボートに比較化合物１を１００ｍｇ入れ、さらに別のモリブデン製抵抗加熱ボートにＡｌｑ３を２００ｍｇ入れ、真空蒸着装置に取付けた。次いで、真空槽を４×１０−４Ｐａまで減圧した後、ｍ−ＭＴＤＡＴＸＡの入った前記加熱ボートに通電して加熱し、蒸着速度０．１ｎｍ／ｓｅｃで透明支持基板に蒸着し、膜厚４５ｎｍの正孔輸送層を設けた。さらに、ＤＭＰｈｅｎと比較化合物１の入った前記加熱ボートに通電して加熱し、それぞれ蒸着速度０．１ｎｍ／ｓｅｃ、０．０１ｎｍ／ｓｅｃで前記正孔輸送層上に共蒸着して膜厚２０ｎｍの発光層を設けた。なお、蒸着時の基板温度は室温であった。さらに、ＢＣＰの入った前記加熱ボートに通電して加熱し、蒸着速度０．１ｎｍ／ｓｅｃで前記発光層の上に蒸着して膜厚１０ｎｍの正孔阻止の役割も兼ねた電子輸送層を設けた。その上に、さらに、Ａｌｑ３の入った前記加熱ボートに通電して加熱し、蒸着速度０．１ｎｍ／ｓｅｃで前記電子輸送層の上に蒸着して更に膜厚４０ｎｍの電子注入層を設けた。なお、蒸着時の基板温度は室温であった。
【００５８】
次に、ＬｉＦを０．５ｎｍ及びＡｌを１１０ｎｍ蒸着して陰極を形成し、有機ＥＬ素子ＯＬＥＤ１−１を作製した。
【００５９】
上記において、発光層の比較化合物１を表１に示す化合物に置き換えた以外は全く同じ方法で、有機ＥＬ素子ＯＬＥＤ１−２〜１−８を作製した。
【００６０】
上記で使用した化合物の構造を以下に示す。
【００６１】
【化８】
【化９】
〈有機ＥＬ素子の評価〉
以下のようにして得られた有機ＥＬ素子の評価を行い、結果を表１に示す。
【００６４】
（発光輝度）
有機ＥＬ素子ＯＬＥＤ１−１では、初期駆動電圧３Ｖで電流が流れ始め、青色の発光を示した。有機ＥＬ素子ＯＬＥＤ１−１の温度２３℃、乾燥窒素ガス雰囲気下で１０Ｖ直流電圧を印加した時の発光輝度（ｃｄ／ｍ２）、発光効率（ｌｍ／Ｗ）を測定した。
【００６５】
発光輝度、発光効率は有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子ＯＬＥＤ１−１を１００とした時の相対値で表した。発光輝度については、ＣＳ−１０００（ミノルタ製）を用いて測定した。
【００６６】
（耐久性）
１０ｍＡ／ｃｍ２の一定電流で駆動したときに初期輝度が元の半分に低下するのに要した時間である半減寿命時間を指標として表した。半減寿命時間は有機ＥＬ素子ＯＬＥＤ１−１を１００とした時の相対値で表した。
【００６７】
【表１】
表１から明らかなように、本発明の化合物をドーパントに用いた有機ＥＬ素子は、発光輝度が高く、発光寿命が長いことから、有機ＥＬ素子として非常に有用であることがわかった。
【００６９】
実施例２
陽極としてガラス上にＩＴＯを１５０ｎｍ成膜した基板（ＮＨテクノグラス社製：ＮＡ−４５）にパターニングを行った後、このＩＴＯ透明電極を設けた透明支持基板をｉ−プロピルアルコールで超音波洗浄し、乾燥窒素ガスで乾燥し、ＵＶオゾン洗浄を５分間行った。この透明支持基板を、市販の真空蒸着装置の基板ホルダーに固定し、一方、モリブデン製抵抗加熱ボートに、ｍ−ＭＴＤＡＴＡを２００ｍｇ入れ、別のモリブデン製抵抗加熱ボートにＤＰＶＢｉを２００ｍｇ入れ、また別のモリブデン製抵抗加熱ボートにＢＣＰ２００ｍｇを入れ真空蒸着装置に取付けた。
【００７０】
次いで、真空槽を４×１０−４Ｐａまで減圧した後、ｍ−ＭＴＤＡＴＡの入った前記加熱ボートに通電して加熱し、蒸着速度０．１〜０．３ｎｍ／ｓｅｃで透明支持基板に膜厚２５ｎｍで蒸着し、さらに、ＤＰＶＢｉの入った前記加熱ボートに通電して加熱し、蒸着速度０．１〜０．３ｎｍ／ｓｅｃで膜厚２０ｎｍで蒸着し、発光層を設けた。蒸着時の基板温度は室温であった。
【００７１】
ついで、ＢＣＰの入った前記加熱ボートに通電して加熱し、蒸着速度０．１〜０．３ｎｍ／ｓｅｃで３０ｎｍの電子輸送層を設けた。
【００７２】
次に、ＬｉＦを０．５ｎｍ及びＡｌを１１０ｎｍ蒸着して陰極を形成し、有機ＥＬ素子ＯＬＥＤ２−１を作製した。
【００７３】
上記で使用した化合物の構造を以下に示す。
【００７４】
【化１０】
上記有機ＥＬ素子ＯＬＥＤ２−１のＢＣＰを表２に記載の化合物に替えた以外は有機ＥＬ素子ＯＬＥＤ２−１と同様にして、有機ＥＬ素子ＯＬＥＤ２−２〜２−５を作製した。
【００７６】
得られた有機ＥＬ素子の発光輝度及び半減寿命時間の評価は実施例１と同様の方法を用い、発光輝度は有機ＥＬ素子ＯＬＥＤ２−１の１００とした時の相対値で表し、半減寿命時間は有機ＥＬ素子ＯＬＥＤ２−１の半減寿命時間を１００とした時の相対値で表した。結果を表２に示す。なお全ての素子において発光色は青色だった。
【００７７】
【表２】
表２より、本発明の化合物を用いた有機ＥＬ素子は、点灯開始時の発光輝度及び輝度の半減する時間が改善されているのが分かる。特に、輝度の半減する時間が改善されているのが分かる。
【００７９】
実施例３
〈有機ＥＬ素子の作製〉
陽極として１００ｍｍ×１００ｍｍ×１．１ｍｍのガラス基板上にＩＴＯ（インジウムチンオキシド）を１５０ｎｍ成膜した基板（ＮＨテクノグラス社製ＮＡ−４５）にパターニングを行った後、このＩＴＯ透明電極を設けた透明支持基板をイソプロピルアルコールで超音波洗浄し、乾燥窒素ガスで乾燥し、ＵＶオゾン洗浄を５分間行なった。
【００８０】
この透明支持基板を、市販の真空蒸着装置の基板ホルダーに固定し、一方、モリブデン製抵抗加熱ボートに、α−ＮＰＤを２００ｍｇ入れ、別のモリブデン製抵抗加熱ボートにＣＢＰを２００ｍｇ入れ、別のモリブデン製抵抗加熱ボートにバソキュプロイン（ＢＣＰ）を２００ｍｇ入れ、別のモリブデン製抵抗加熱ボートにＩｒ−１２（燐光性化合物）を１００ｍｇ入れ、さらに別のモリブデン製抵抗加熱ボートにＡｌｑ３を２００ｍｇ入れ、真空蒸着装置に取付けた。次いで、真空槽を４×１０−４Ｐａまで減圧した後、α−ＮＰＤの入った前記加熱ボートに通電して加熱し、蒸着速度０．１ｎｍ／ｓｅｃで透明支持基板に蒸着し、膜厚４５ｎｍの正孔輸送層を設けた。さらに、ＣＢＰとＩｒ−１２の入った前記加熱ボートに通電して加熱し、それぞれ蒸着速度０．１ｎｍ／ｓｅｃ、０．０１ｎｍ／ｓｅｃで前記正孔輸送層上に共蒸着して膜厚２０ｎｍの発光層を設けた。なお、蒸着時の基板温度は室温であった。さらに、ＢＣＰの入った前記加熱ボートに通電して加熱し、蒸着速度０．１ｎｍ／ｓｅｃで前記発光層の上に蒸着して膜厚１０ｎｍの正孔阻止の役割も兼ねた電子輸送層を設けた。その上に、さらに、Ａｌｑ３の入った前記加熱ボートに通電して加熱し、蒸着速度０．１ｎｍ／ｓｅｃで前記電子輸送層の上に蒸着して更に膜厚４０ｎｍの電子注入層を設けた。なお、蒸着時の基板温度は室温であった。
【００８１】
次に、ＬｉＦを０．５ｎｍ及びＡｌを１１０ｎｍ蒸着して陰極を形成し、有機ＥＬ素子ＯＬＥＤ３−１を作製した。
【００８２】
上記において、発光層のＣＢＰを表３に示す化合物に置き換えた以外は全く同じ方法で、有機ＥＬ素子ＯＬＥＤ３−２〜３−５を作製した。
【００８３】
上記で使用した化合物の構造を以下に示す。
【００８４】
【化１１】
得られた有機ＥＬ素子の発光輝度及び半減寿命時間の評価は、実施例１と同様の方法を用い、発光輝度は有機ＥＬ素子ＯＬＥＤ３−１を１００とした時の相対値で表し、半減寿命時間は有機ＥＬ素子ＯＬＥＤ３−１の半減寿命時間を１００とした時の相対値で表した。結果を表３に示す。なお全ての素子において発光色は青色だった。
【００８６】
【表３】
表３から明らかなように、本発明の化合物をホストに用いた有機ＥＬ素子は、発光輝度が高く、半減寿命時間が長いことから、有機ＥＬ素子として非常に有用であることがわかった。
【００８８】
燐光化合物をＩｒ−１またはＩｒ−９に変更した以外は、有機ＥＬ素子ＯＬＥＤ３−１〜３−５と同様にして作製した有機ＥＬ素子においても同様の効果が得られた。なお、Ｉｒ−１を用いた素子からは緑色の発光が、Ｉｒ−９を用いた素子からは赤色の発光が得られた。
【００８９】
実施例４
上記実施例３で作製した有機ＥＬ素子ＯＬＥＤ３−１の電子輸送層ＢＣＰを表４に示す化合物に置き換えた以外は全く同じ方法で、有機ＥＬ素子ＯＬＥＤ４−１〜４−５を作製した。
【００９０】
得られた有機ＥＬ素子の発光輝度及び半減寿命時間の評価は実施例１と同様の方法を用い、発光輝度は有機ＥＬ素子ＯＬＥＤ４−１を１００とした時の相対値で表し、半減寿命時間は有機ＥＬ素子ＯＬＥＤ４−１の半減寿命時間を１００とした時の相対値で表した。結果を表４に示す。なお全ての素子において発光色は青色だった。
【００９１】
【表４】
表４から明らかなように、本発明の化合物を電子輸送層（正孔阻止層）に用いた有機ＥＬ素子は、発光輝度が高く、半減寿命時間が長いことから、有機ＥＬ素子として非常に有用であることがわかった。
【００９３】
燐光化合物をＩｒ−１またはＩｒ−９に変更した以外は、有機ＥＬ素子ＯＬＥＤ４−１〜４−５と同様にして作製した有機ＥＬ素子においても、同様の効果が得られた。なお、Ｉｒ−１を用いた素子からは緑色の発光が、Ｉｒ−９を用いた素子からは赤色の発光が得られた。
【００９４】
実施例５
実施例３で作製したそれぞれ赤色、緑色、青色発光有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子を同一基板上に並置し、図１に示すアクティブマトリクス方式フルカラー表示装置を作製した。
【００９５】
図１には、作製したフルカラー表示装置の表示部の模式図のみを示した。即ち同一基板上に、複数の走査線５及びデータ線６を含む配線部と、並置した複数の画素３（発光の色が赤領域の画素、緑領域の画素、青領域の画素等）とを有し、配線部の走査線５及び複数のデータ線６は、それぞれ導電材料からなり、走査線５とデータ線６は格子状に直交して、直交する位置で画素３に接続している。前記複数画素３は、それぞれの発光色に対応した有機ＥＬ素子、アクティブ素子であるスイッチングトランジスタと駆動トランジスタそれぞれが設けられたアクティブマトリクス方式で駆動されており、走査線５から走査信号が印加されると、データ線６から画像データ信号を受け取り、受け取った画像データに応じて発光する。この様に各赤、緑、青の画素を適宜、並置することによって、フルカラー表示が可能となる。図２は、１画素当たりの回路図である。
【００９６】
該フルカラー表示装置を駆動することにより、輝度の高い鮮明なフルカラー動画表示が得られた。
【００９７】
【発明の効果】
本発明の化合物を含有させた有機ＥＬ素子は、発光輝度が高く、半減寿命時間が長いことにより、有機ＥＬ素子として非常に優れていることがわかった。また、青色、緑色、赤色の画素を併置することで、アクティブマトリクス方式フルカラー表示装置として、輝度の高い鮮明な画像が得られることがわかった。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図１】本発明の有機ＥＬ素子から構成される表示装置の一例を示した模式図である。
【図２】本発明の有機ＥＬ素子の１画像当たりの回路の一例を示した回路図である。
【符号の説明】
１ ガラス基板
２ 配線部
３ 画素
５ 走査線
６ データ線
７ 電源ライン
１０ 有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子
１１ スイッチングトランジスタ
１２ 駆動トランジスタ
１３ コンデンサ
１０１ 表示部[0001]
TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to an organic electroluminescence (hereinafter abbreviated as organic EL) element and a display device using the same. More specifically, the present invention relates to an organic electroluminescent element having excellent emission luminance and a display device having the organic electroluminescent element of the present invention.
[0002]
[Prior art]
As a light emitting type electronic display device, there is an electroluminescence display (ELD). ELD components include an inorganic electroluminescent element and an organic electroluminescent element. Inorganic electroluminescent devices have been used as flat light sources, but require a high AC voltage to drive the light emitting devices. An organic electroluminescence element has a configuration in which a light-emitting layer containing a compound that emits light is sandwiched between a cathode and an anode. Electrons and holes are injected into the light-emitting layer and recombined to generate excitons (excitons). An element that emits light by utilizing the light emission (fluorescence / phosphorescence) when the exciton is generated and deactivated, and can emit light at a voltage of about several V to several tens of volts. Because of this, it is rich in viewing angle, has high visibility, and is a thin-film type completely solid-state device, which has attracted attention from the viewpoint of space saving and portability.
[0003]
However, development of an organic EL element that emits light with high efficiency and low power consumption is desired for an organic EL element for practical use in the future.
[0004]
Until now, various organic EL devices have been reported. For example, Appl. Phys. Lett. , Vol. 51, 913, or a combination of a hole injection layer and an organic luminescent layer described in JP-A-59-194393, and a hole injection layer and an electron injection-transport layer described in JP-A-63-295695. , Jpn. Journal of Applied Physics, vol. 127, no. 2, pages 269-271, each of which discloses a combination of a hole transport layer, a light emitting layer, and an electron transport layer. However, devices with higher luminance are required, and further improvements in energy conversion efficiency and emission quantum efficiency are expected.
[0005]
In addition, it has been pointed out that the light emission lifetime is short. Although the cause of such luminance deterioration over time has not been completely elucidated, the electroluminescent element that emits light decomposes the organic compound itself that constitutes the thin film due to the light emitted by itself and the heat generated at that time. Factors derived from organic compounds, which are organic EL device materials, such as crystallization of organic compounds, have also been pointed out.
[0006]
At present, electron transport materials are scarcely known, and there is no useful high-performance electron transport material that can withstand practical use due to the use of antibonding orbitals. For example, a research group at Kyushu University has begun studying 2- (4-biphenyl) -5- (4-t-butylphenyl) -1,3,4-oxadizole (t-BuPBD), which is an oxadiazole derivative. Oxadiazole dimer derivatives 1,3-bis (4-t-butylphenyl-1,3,4-oxadizodyl) biphenylene (OXD-1) and 1,3-bis (4 -T-butylphenyl-1,3,4-oxadizolyl) phenylene (OXD-7) (Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. Vol. 31 (1992), p. 1812). In addition, a research group at Yamagata University has manufactured a white light-emitting device by using a triazole-based electron transporting material having excellent electron blocking properties (Science, 3 March 1995, Vol. 267, p. 1332). Further, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 5-331559 describes that a phenanthroline derivative is useful as an electron transport material.
[0007]
However, the conventional electron transport material has a low ability to form a thin film and is easily crystallized, so that there is a problem that the light emitting element is destroyed, and the element performance that can withstand practical use cannot be exhibited.
[0008]
As an organic electroluminescent material that solves these problems, an example is disclosed in which a compound containing a silicon atom in a molecule is used as a light emitting material or an electron transporting material, but it is not enough to achieve both luminous efficiency and luminescent lifetime. (See, for example,
[0009]
In addition, examples of applying a silicon-based compound to an organic EL device include, for example, JP-A-2000-351966 and JP-A-11-3781 that a silicon-based compound can be applied as a hole transporting material, a light emitting material, and an electron transporting material. However, in each case, there were problems in light emission characteristics and life.
[0010]
In addition, a method has been reported in which the light-emitting layer is composed of a host compound and a small amount of a phosphor to achieve an improvement in luminous efficiency. For example, in US Pat. No. 3,093,796, a stilbene derivative, a distyrylarylene derivative, or a tristyrylarylene derivative is doped with a small amount of a phosphor to achieve an improvement in light emission luminance and a longer device life. I have.
[0011]
Further, an element having an organic light-emitting layer in which an 8-hydroxyquinoline aluminum complex is used as a host compound and a small amount of a phosphor is added thereto (see Patent Document 4, for example), and an 8-hydroxyquinoline aluminum complex as a host compound is used. (See, for example, Patent Document 5) having an organic light emitting layer doped with a quinacridone dye. As described above, by doping the phosphor having a high fluorescence quantum yield, the emission luminance is improved as compared with the conventional device.
[0012]
However, the light emission from the doped small amount of phosphor is light emission from an excited singlet. When light emission from an excited singlet is used, the generation ratio between a singlet exciton and a triplet exciton is 1: 1. 3, the generation probability of the luminescent excited species is 25%, and the light extraction efficiency is about 20%. Therefore, the limit of the external extraction quantum efficiency (ηext) is 5%. However, since Princeton University reported an organic EL device using phosphorescence emission from an excited triplet (MA Baldo et al., Nature, 395, 151-154 (1998)), the temperature was kept at room temperature. Research into phosphorescent materials has become active (e.g., MA Baldo et al., Nature, 403, 17, 750-753 (2000); U.S. Patent 6,097,147). Such). When the excited triplet is used, the upper limit of the internal quantum efficiency is 100%. Therefore, the luminous efficiency is up to four times in principle compared to the case of the excited singlet, and the performance almost equal to that of the cold cathode tube is obtained. It can also be used for lighting and is attracting attention.
[0013]
When the phosphorescent compound is used as a dopant, the host needs to have a light emission maximum wavelength in a shorter wavelength region than the light emission maximum wavelength of the phosphorescent compound, but there are other conditions to be satisfied. I understand that.
[0014]
In The 10th International Works on Inorganic and Organic Electroluminescence (EL '00, Hamamatsu), several reports have been made on phosphorescent compounds. For example, Ikai et al. Use a hole transporting compound as a host for a phosphorescent compound. Further, M. E. FIG. Tompson et al. Use various electron transporting materials as a host of a phosphorescent compound and dope them with a novel iridium complex. Further, Tsutsui et al. Obtain high luminous efficiency by introducing a hole blocking layer.
[0015]
The hole blocking layer is structurally the same as the electron transporting layer used in a normal organic EL device, but has a function of a hole leaking from the light emitting layer to the cathode side more than the electron transporting function. Since the function of preventing movement is influential, it is called a hole block layer, and can be interpreted as a kind of electron transport layer.
[0016]
Therefore, in the present application, the hole block layer is also referred to as an electron transport layer, and the material (hole blocker) used in the layer is also referred to as an electron transport material.
[0017]
As for the host compound of the phosphorescent compound, for example, C.I. Adachi et al. , Appl. Phys. Lett. 77, p. 904 (2000), etc., but it is necessary to take a newer approach to the properties required for the host compound in order to obtain a high-brightness organic electroluminescent device. .
[0018]
However, none of the reports has obtained a configuration capable of achieving both improvement in light emission luminance and durability of the device.
[0019]
[Patent Document 1]
JP-A-9-87616
[Patent Document 2]
JP-A-9-194487
[Patent Document 3]
JP 2000-186094 A
[Patent Document 4]
JP-A-63-264692
[Patent Document 5]
JP-A-3-255190
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
Therefore, the present invention has been made for the purpose of improving the light emission luminance of the device and achieving the durability at the same time by using a silicon compound having a specific structure, and the present invention also provides a host compound for phosphorescence emission using a silicon compound. Or the use of a silicon compound as an electron transporting material (hole blocker) to improve the emission luminance and the durability of the organic electroluminescent element, and the emission luminance using the organic electroluminescent element of the present invention. An object of the present invention is to provide a display device having a high and long life.
[0025]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The object of the present invention is achieved by the invention described in each of the claims set forth below.
[0026]
1. An organic electroluminescence device comprising at least one compound represented by the general formula (1).
[0027]
2. 2. The organic electroluminescence device according to item 1, wherein the compound represented by the general formula (1) is contained in a light emitting layer.
[0028]
3. 2. The organic electroluminescent device according to item 1, wherein the compound represented by the general formula (1) is contained in an electron transport layer.
[0029]
4. An organic electroluminescent device having a light emitting layer containing a host compound and a phosphorescent compound, wherein any one of the layers constituting the device contains the compound represented by the general formula (1). 2. The organic electroluminescence device according to claim 1.
[0030]
5. 5. The organic electroluminescent device according to the item 4, wherein the phosphorescent compound is an iridium compound, an osmium compound, or a platinum compound.
[0031]
6. 5. The organic electroluminescence device according to the item 4, wherein the phosphorescent compound is an iridium compound.
[0032]
7. A display device comprising the organic electroluminescence element according to any one of the above items 1 to 6.
[0033]
Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail.
First, the compound represented by the general formula (1) will be described.
[0034]
In the general formula (1), each of the substituents represented by R 1 to R 3 is an alkyl group (methyl group, ethyl group, i-propyl group, hydroxyethyl group, methoxymethyl group, trifluoromethyl group, t-butyl group, cyclopentyl group, cyclohexyl group, benzyl group, etc., alkyloxy group (methoxy group, ethoxy group, i-propoxy group, butoxy group, etc.), aryloxy group (phenoxy group, etc.), halogen atom (fluorine atom, etc.) , A chlorine atom, a bromine atom, an iodine atom, etc.), and adjacent substituents may be condensed with each other to form a ring.
[0035]
In the general formula (1), Ar represents a condensed aromatic group. In this case, the condensed aromatic group may be a hydrocarbon ring aromatic group or a heterocyclic aromatic group, for example, a naphthyl group, a phenanthryl group , Anthryl group, pyrenyl group, quinolyl group, carbazolyl group, benzimidazolyl group, pyrrolopyrazolyl group, imidazopyridyl group, pyrazolotriazolyl group and the like.
[0036]
The compound of the present invention is a compound having strong fluorescence in a solid state, has excellent electroluminescence, and can be effectively used as a luminescent material. In addition, the compound of the present invention is used as an electron-transporting material in another light-emitting material or a device using the compound of the present invention as a light-emitting material because of its excellent electron-injecting property and electron-transporting property from a metal electrode. (Or a hole blocker), it shows excellent luminous efficiency.
[0037]
Hereinafter, specific examples of the compound will be described, but the present invention is not limited thereto.
[0038]
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Synthesis Example Synthesis of Compound 1 (9,10-di (triphenylsilyl) anthracene) The following reactions were performed in a dry nitrogen gas atmosphere.
[0042]
In a three-necked flask, 3.36 g (10 mmol) of 9,10-dibromoanthracene, 4.52 ml (30 mmol) of tetramethylethylenediamine, 32 ml of dehydrated ether, and 100 ml of dehydrated tetrahydrofuran were put, and kept at −55 to −50 ° C. with stirring. 15.5 ml (25 mmol) of an N-butyllithium hexane solution (1.6 M) was added with a syringe. After stirring the dark red reaction solution at the same temperature for 1 hour, 8.82 g (30 mmol) of triphenylchlorosilane dissolved in 10 ml of dehydrated tetrahydrofuran was added dropwise. The temperature was gradually raised, and the mixture was further stirred at room temperature for 12 hours. After stopping the reaction by adding distilled water, the reaction was washed with distilled water, the organic layer was dried over anhydrous potassium carbonate, and the filtrate was concentrated with a rotary evaporator and dried under reduced pressure.
[0043]
A component having an Rf value of about 0.25 was separated by silica gel column chromatography (hexane: chloroform = 1: 2), and recrystallized repeatedly from hexane.
[0044]
Yield 1.74 g (about 25%)
1 H-NMR (CDCl 3, TMS) δ6.78 (d, J = 7.01,2H, ArH), 6.79 (d, J = 6.77,2H, ArH), 7.24~7. 41 (m, 12H, PhH), 7.63 to 7.66 (m, 18H, PhH), 8.04 (d, J = 7.01, 2H, ArH), 8.05 (d, J = 6) .77, 2H, ArH)
Further, the present inventors have conducted intensive studies on a host compound of a phosphorescent compound, and as a result, when an organic electroluminescent device was produced using the silicon compound of the present invention as a host compound, the emission luminance and lifetime of the device were reduced. Was found to be improved.
[0045]
The host compound in the present invention is a compound having the largest mixing ratio (mass) in a light emitting layer composed of two or more compounds, and the other compounds are called dopant compounds. For example, if the light-emitting layer is composed of two kinds of compound A and compound B and the mixing ratio is A: B = 10: 90, compound A is a dopant compound and compound B is a host compound. Further, the light emitting layer is composed of three kinds of compound A, compound B and compound C, and if the mixing ratio is A: B: C = 5: 10: 85, compound A and compound B are dopant compounds, Compound C is the host compound. The phosphorescent compound in the present invention is a kind of a dopant compound.
[0046]
The phosphorescent compound according to the present invention is a compound that emits light from an excited triplet, and has a phosphorescence quantum yield of 0.001 or more at 25 ° C. Preferably it is 0.01 or more. More preferably, it is 0.1 or more.
[0047]
The above-mentioned phosphorescence quantum yield can be measured by the method described in Spectroscopy II, page 398 (1992 edition, Maruzen) of the fourth edition of Experimental Chemistry Course 7. Although the phosphorescence quantum yield in a solution can be measured using various solvents, the phosphorescent compound used in the present invention only needs to achieve the above-mentioned phosphorescence quantum yield in any arbitrary solvent.
[0048]
Preferably, it is a complex compound containing a metal belonging to Group VIII in the periodic table of elements, and more preferably, an iridium, ohmium, or platinum complex compound. More preferred are iridium complex compounds.
[0049]
Hereinafter, specific examples of the phosphorescent compound used in the present invention are shown, but the invention is not limited thereto. These compounds are described, for example, in Inorg. Chem. 40, 1704-1711.
[0050]
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In another embodiment, in addition to the host compound and the phosphorescent compound, at least one fluorescent compound having a fluorescence maximum wavelength may be contained in a region longer than the maximum wavelength of light emission from the phosphorescent compound. . In this case, by the energy transfer from the host compound and the phosphorescent compound, electroluminescence as the organic EL element can be obtained from the fluorescent compound. Preferred as the fluorescent compound is a compound having a high fluorescence quantum yield in a solution state. Here, the fluorescence quantum yield is preferably 0.1 or more, particularly preferably 0.3 or more. Specifically, coumarin dyes, pyran dyes, cyanine dyes, croconium dyes, squarium dyes, oxobenzanthracene dyes, fluorescein dyes, rhodamine dyes, pyrylium dyes, perylene dyes, stilbene dyes , Polythiophene dyes, or rare earth complex phosphors.
[0054]
The fluorescence quantum yield here can also be measured by the method described in Spectroscopy II, page 362 (1992 edition, Maruzen) of the fourth edition of Experimental Chemistry Lecture 7.
[0055]
【Example】
Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail with reference to Examples, but embodiments of the present invention are not limited thereto.
[0056]
Example 1
<Preparation of organic EL element>
After patterning was performed on a substrate (NA-45 manufactured by NH Techno Glass Co., Ltd.) on which 150 nm of ITO (indium tin oxide) was formed on a glass substrate of 100 mm × 100 mm × 1.1 mm as an anode, the ITO transparent electrode was provided. The transparent support substrate was subjected to ultrasonic cleaning with isopropyl alcohol, dried with dry nitrogen gas, and subjected to UV ozone cleaning for 5 minutes.
[0057]
This transparent support substrate was fixed to a substrate holder of a commercially available vacuum evaporation apparatus, while 200 mg of m-MTDATXA was put in a molybdenum resistance heating boat, 200 mg of DMPhen was put in another molybdenum resistance heating boat, and another molybdenum was added. 200 mg of bathocuproine (BCP) was placed in a resistance heating boat made of aluminum, 100 mg of Comparative Compound 1 was placed in another resistance heating boat made of molybdenum, and 200 mg of Alq 3 was placed in another resistance heating boat made of molybdenum and attached to a vacuum evaporation apparatus. Next, after the pressure in the vacuum chamber was reduced to 4 × 10 −4 Pa, the heating boat containing m-MTDATXA was energized and heated, and was vapor-deposited on a transparent support substrate at a vapor deposition rate of 0.1 nm / sec. Was provided. Further, the heating boat containing DMPhen and Comparative Compound 1 was energized and heated, and was co-deposited on the hole transport layer at a deposition rate of 0.1 nm / sec and 0.01 nm / sec to form a 20 nm-thick film. A light emitting layer was provided. In addition, the substrate temperature at the time of vapor deposition was room temperature. Further, an electric current is applied to the heating boat containing the BCP to heat it, and the electron boat is vapor-deposited on the light-emitting layer at a vapor deposition rate of 0.1 nm / sec. Was. On top of that, the heating boat containing Alq 3 was further energized and heated, and was vapor-deposited on the electron transport layer at a vapor deposition rate of 0.1 nm / sec to further provide an electron injection layer having a thickness of 40 nm. . In addition, the substrate temperature at the time of vapor deposition was room temperature.
[0058]
Next, 0.5 nm of LiF and 110 nm of Al were deposited to form a cathode, thereby producing an organic EL device OLED1-1.
[0059]
In the above, organic EL elements OLED1-2 to 1-8 were produced in exactly the same manner except that Comparative Compound 1 in the light-emitting layer was replaced with the compound shown in Table 1.
[0060]
The structure of the compound used above is shown below.
[0061]
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<Evaluation of organic EL element>
The organic EL device obtained as described below was evaluated, and the results are shown in Table 1.
[0064]
(Emission brightness)
In the organic EL element OLED1-1, current began to flow at an initial drive voltage of 3 V, and emitted blue light. The light emission luminance (cd / m 2 ) and the light emission efficiency (lm / W) of the organic EL element OLED1-1 at a temperature of 23 ° C. and in a dry nitrogen gas atmosphere when a DC voltage of 10 V was applied were measured.
[0065]
The luminous brightness and luminous efficiency were represented by relative values when the organic electroluminescent element OLED1-1 was set to 100. The emission luminance was measured using CS-1000 (manufactured by Minolta).
[0066]
(durability)
The half-life time, which is the time required for the initial luminance to drop to half of the original value when driven at a constant current of 10 mA / cm 2 , is represented as an index. The half life time was represented by a relative value when the organic EL element OLED1-1 was set to 100.
[0067]
[Table 1]
As is clear from Table 1, the organic EL device using the compound of the present invention as a dopant has high emission luminance and a long emission life, and thus is very useful as an organic EL device.
[0069]
Example 2
After patterning a substrate (made by NH Techno Glass Co., Ltd .: NA-45) on which 150 nm of ITO was formed on glass as an anode, the transparent support substrate provided with the ITO transparent electrode was subjected to ultrasonic cleaning with i-propyl alcohol. After drying with dry nitrogen gas, UV ozone cleaning was performed for 5 minutes. This transparent support substrate was fixed to a substrate holder of a commercially available vacuum evaporation apparatus, while 200 mg of m-MTDATA was put in a molybdenum resistance heating boat, 200 mg of DPVBi was put in another molybdenum resistance heating boat, and another. A molybdenum resistance heating boat was charged with 200 mg of BCP and attached to a vacuum evaporation apparatus.
[0070]
Next, after the pressure in the vacuum chamber was reduced to 4 × 10 −4 Pa, the heating boat containing m-MTDATA was energized and heated, and the film was deposited on the transparent support substrate at a deposition rate of 0.1 to 0.3 nm / sec. Evaporation was performed at 25 nm, and the heating boat containing DPVBi was energized and heated, and evaporated at an evaporation rate of 0.1 to 0.3 nm / sec to a thickness of 20 nm to provide a light emitting layer. The substrate temperature during vapor deposition was room temperature.
[0071]
Next, the heating boat containing the BCP was energized and heated to provide a 30 nm electron transport layer at a deposition rate of 0.1 to 0.3 nm / sec.
[0072]
Next, 0.5 nm of LiF and 110 nm of Al were deposited to form a cathode, thereby producing an organic EL device OLED2-1.
[0073]
The structure of the compound used above is shown below.
[0074]
Embedded image
Organic EL elements OLED2-2 to 2-5 were produced in the same manner as in the organic EL element OLED2-1, except that the BCP of the organic EL element OLED2-1 was changed to the compound shown in Table 2.
[0076]
The emission luminance and the half-life time of the obtained organic EL element were evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1, and the emission luminance was expressed as a relative value when the organic EL element OLED2-1 was set to 100. The half life time of the organic EL element OLED2-1 was expressed as a relative value with respect to 100. Table 2 shows the results. The light emission color was blue in all the devices.
[0077]
[Table 2]
Table 2 shows that the organic EL device using the compound of the present invention has improved emission luminance at the start of lighting and the time required to reduce the luminance by half. In particular, it can be seen that the time for halving the luminance is improved.
[0079]
Example 3
<Preparation of organic EL element>
After patterning was performed on a substrate (NA-45 manufactured by NH Techno Glass Co., Ltd.) on which 150 nm of ITO (indium tin oxide) was formed on a glass substrate of 100 mm × 100 mm × 1.1 mm as an anode, the ITO transparent electrode was provided. The transparent support substrate was subjected to ultrasonic cleaning with isopropyl alcohol, dried with dry nitrogen gas, and subjected to UV ozone cleaning for 5 minutes.
[0080]
This transparent support substrate was fixed to a substrate holder of a commercially available vacuum evaporation apparatus, while 200 mg of α-NPD was put into a molybdenum resistance heating boat, 200 mg of CBP was put into another molybdenum resistance heating boat, and another molybdenum was heated. 200 mg of bathocuproine (BCP) was placed in a resistance heating boat made of aluminum, 100 mg of Ir-12 (phosphorescent compound) was placed in another resistance heating boat made of molybdenum, and 200 mg of Alq 3 was placed in another resistance heating boat made of molybdenum, and vacuum evaporation was performed. Attached to the device. Next, after reducing the pressure of the vacuum chamber to 4 × 10 −4 Pa, the heating boat containing α-NPD was energized and heated, and was vapor-deposited on the transparent support substrate at a vapor deposition rate of 0.1 nm / sec. A hole transport layer was provided. Further, the heating boat containing CBP and Ir-12 was energized and heated, and co-deposited on the hole transport layer at a deposition rate of 0.1 nm / sec and 0.01 nm / sec, respectively, to form a 20 nm-thick film. A light emitting layer was provided. In addition, the substrate temperature at the time of vapor deposition was room temperature. Further, an electric current is applied to the heating boat containing the BCP to heat it, and the electron boat is vapor-deposited on the light-emitting layer at a vapor deposition rate of 0.1 nm / sec. Was. On top of that, the heating boat containing Alq 3 was further energized and heated, and was vapor-deposited on the electron transport layer at a vapor deposition rate of 0.1 nm / sec to further provide an electron injection layer having a thickness of 40 nm. . In addition, the substrate temperature at the time of vapor deposition was room temperature.
[0081]
Next, 0.5 nm of LiF and 110 nm of Al were deposited to form a cathode, thereby producing an organic EL device OLED3-1.
[0082]
In the above, organic EL elements OLEDs 3-2 to 3-5 were produced in exactly the same manner except that CBP of the light emitting layer was replaced with the compound shown in Table 3.
[0083]
The structure of the compound used above is shown below.
[0084]
Embedded image
The light emission luminance and the half life time of the obtained organic EL element were evaluated by the same method as in Example 1. The light emission luminance was expressed as a relative value when the organic EL element OLED3-1 was set to 100, and the half life time was calculated. Is a relative value when the half-life time of the organic EL element OLED3-1 is 100. Table 3 shows the results. The light emission color was blue in all the devices.
[0086]
[Table 3]
As is clear from Table 3, the organic EL device using the compound of the present invention as a host has high emission luminance and a long half-life time, and thus is very useful as an organic EL device.
[0088]
Except that the phosphorescent compound was changed to Ir-1 or Ir-9, the same effect was obtained in an organic EL device manufactured in the same manner as the organic EL devices OLED3-1 to 3-5. Note that green light emission was obtained from the element using Ir-1, and red light emission was obtained from the element using Ir-9.
[0089]
Example 4
Organic EL elements OLED 4-1 to 4-5 were produced in exactly the same manner except that the electron transport layer BCP of the organic EL element OLED 3-1 produced in Example 3 was replaced with a compound shown in Table 4.
[0090]
The emission luminance and the half-life time of the obtained organic EL element were evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1, and the emission luminance was expressed as a relative value when the organic EL element OLED4-1 was set to 100. The half life time of the organic EL element OLED4-1 was expressed as a relative value with respect to 100. Table 4 shows the results. The light emission color was blue in all the devices.
[0091]
[Table 4]
As is clear from Table 4, the organic EL device using the compound of the present invention for the electron transport layer (hole blocking layer) has a high emission luminance and a long half-life time, and is therefore very useful as an organic EL device. It turned out to be.
[0093]
Except that the phosphorescent compound was changed to Ir-1 or Ir-9, the same effect was obtained in an organic EL device manufactured in the same manner as the organic EL devices OLED4-1 to 4-5. Note that green light emission was obtained from the element using Ir-1, and red light emission was obtained from the element using Ir-9.
[0094]
Example 5
The red, green, and blue light-emitting organic electroluminescent elements produced in Example 3 were juxtaposed on the same substrate to produce an active matrix full-color display device shown in FIG.
[0095]
FIG. 1 shows only a schematic view of the display unit of the manufactured full-color display device. That is, on the same substrate, a wiring portion including a plurality of scanning lines 5 and data lines 6 and a plurality of
[0096]
By driving the full-color display device, clear full-color moving image display with high luminance was obtained.
[0097]
【The invention's effect】
The organic EL device containing the compound of the present invention was found to be very excellent as an organic EL device because of its high emission luminance and long half-life. In addition, it was found that by arranging blue, green, and red pixels side by side, a clear image with high luminance can be obtained as an active matrix type full-color display device.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a schematic view illustrating an example of a display device including an organic EL element of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a circuit diagram showing an example of a circuit per image of the organic EL element of the present invention.
[Explanation of symbols]
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1
Claims (7)
ｎが複数でかつ複数のＲ１が隣接する場合は、互いに縮合して環を形成してもよく、ｍが複数でかつ複数のＲ２が隣接する場合は、互いに縮合して環を形成してもよく、ｐが複数でかつ複数のＲ３が隣接する場合は、互いに縮合して環を形成してもよい。）An organic electroluminescence device comprising at least one compound represented by the following general formula (1).
When n is plural and a plurality of R 1 are adjacent to each other, they may be fused to each other to form a ring. When m is plural and a plurality of R 2 are adjacent to each other, they may be fused to each other to form a ring. And when p is plural and plural R 3 are adjacent, they may be condensed with each other to form a ring. )
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| JP2002265416A Pending JP2004103463A (en) | 2002-09-11 | 2002-09-11 | Organic electroluminescent element and display device using the same |
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