JP2004101084A

JP2004101084A - Kiln

Info

Publication number: JP2004101084A
Application number: JP2002264372A
Authority: JP
Inventors: Masahide Matsuda; 松田　将英
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 2002-09-10
Filing date: 2002-09-10
Publication date: 2004-04-02
Anticipated expiration: 2022-09-10
Also published as: JP4313009B2

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a kiln for pottery or the like lengthening the residence time of combustion gas in an article baking chamber and improving baking efficiency of the article by bringing the combustion gas into direct contact with the article. <P>SOLUTION: This kiln 1 is formed by providing a combustion chamber 4 at the lower part of the article baking chamber 11, and laying article placing plates 10 in a plurality of vertical stages at the intermediate parts of the article baking chamber 11 in cross arrangement from the top view. Narrow passages 16 for the passage of gas formed between the inner surface of the article baking chamber 11 and both side edges of the respective article placing plates 10 are changed in position between the upper and lower sides. The residence time of the combustion gas in the article baking chamber 11 is thereby lengthened, and the combustion gas is brought into direct contact with the article B for baking. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2004,JPO

Description

【０００１】
【発明の属する技術分野】
この発明は、炭を燃料として鍛造ワークや陶磁器を焼成する焼成炉、更に詳しくは、燃焼ガスの炎を長く伸ばすことで、物品焼成効率を向上させることができるようにした焼成炉に関する。
【０００２】
【従来の技術】
従来、焼物を焼成するための焼成炉として用いられている陶芸窯は、耐火レンガ等で構築した大型の固定式であり、設置に広いスペースを必要とし、高価な設備となるため、本出願人は、趣味の陶芸家等が個人的に自宅で陶磁器を手軽に焼成することができるように、木炭を燃料として陶磁器を焼成する陶芸窯（登り窯）を特開２０００−１４６４５０号によってすでに提案した。
【０００３】
この陶芸窯は、有底状の底窯部材と、この底窯部材の上に積み重ねることにより、その内部に縦型の物品焼成室を形成する筒窯部材と、最上部筒窯部材上に載置する蓋部材とからなり、上記物品焼成室の内部に焼成せんとする物品を配置し、底窯部材に炭を入れて給気口からの給気で燃焼させ、物品焼成室を上昇する燃焼ガスで物品を焼成するようになっている。
【０００４】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
ところで、上記のような陶芸窯は、底窯部材内で炭を燃焼させることによって発生した高温の燃焼ガスが物品焼成室内を上昇することにより、物品載置板上の物品を焼成することになるが、このような陶芸窯において、物品焼成効率の向上を図るには、燃焼ガスの炎をできるだけ長くすると共に、燃焼ガスを物品に直接的に接触させる必要があり、このような点で上記陶芸窯は改良の余地が見いだされた。
【０００５】
そこで、この発明の課題は、燃焼ガスの炎をできるだけ長くし、しかも、燃焼ガスの物品焼成室内での滞炉時間を長くして物品に直接的に接触させることで、物品に対する焼成効率の向上が図れる焼物の焼成炉と焼成方法を提供することにある。
【０００６】
【課題を解決するための手段】
上記のような課題を解決するため、請求項１の発明は、炭燃焼室と物品焼成室とからなり、上記炭燃焼室と物品焼成室の間に燃焼ガスが通過するための細い通路を形成した構成を採用したものである。
【０００７】
また、請求項２の発明は、炭燃焼室とこれに連なる物品焼成室とからなり、上記物品焼成室が縦型に形成され、この物品焼成室の途中に物品載置板を架設し、物品焼成室の内面と物品載置板の両側縁との間で、燃焼ガスが通過するための細い通路を形成した構成を採用したものである。
【０００８】
請求項３の発明は、炭燃焼室とこれに連なる物品焼成室とからなり、上記物品焼成室が縦型に形成され、この物品焼成室の途中に上下複数段の物品載置板を平面的にクロス状となる配置で架設し、物品焼成室の内面と各物品載置板の両側縁との間で、燃焼ガスが通過するための細い通路を形成し、この細い通路を上下で位置を違えることで、燃焼ガスの物品焼成室での滞炉時間を長くなるようにした構成を採用したものである。
【０００９】
請求項４の発明は、下部に炭燃焼室とこれに連なる縦型の物品焼成室とからなる焼成炉を用い、上記物品焼成室の途中に上下複数段の物品載置板を、平面的にクロス状となる配置で架設し、物品焼成室の内面と各物品載置板の両側縁との間で、燃焼ガスが通過するための細い通路を形成し、上昇する燃焼ガスを各物品載置板間で傾斜流にして流れの経路を長くし、燃焼ガスの滞炉時間を長く設定すると同時に燃焼ガスを物品に接触させて焼成する構成を採用したものである。
【００１０】
上記焼成炉は、内部が炭燃焼室となり、周囲に給気口が設けられた有底状の角形底窯部材と、この底窯部材の上に積み重ねることにより、その内部に縦型の物品焼成室を形成する複数の角形筒窯部材と、最上部の筒窯部材上に載置する角形の蓋部材とで構成され、底窯部材と筒窯部材の間、上下筒窯部材の間に物品載置板を平面的にクロスする配置で架設している。
【００１１】
物品載置板は、耐熱性材料を用い、横幅が角形筒窯部材の内幅よりも狭く設定され、上記架設によって、物品焼成室の内面と物品載置板の両側縁との間に、燃焼ガスが通過するための細い通路を形成し、かつ、上下物品載置板を平面的にクロスする配置とすることにより、上下の燃焼ガスの通過間隙は平面的に直角の配置となり、この配置関係で物品焼成室を上昇する燃焼ガスは斜めに旋回する傾斜流になり、これによって、流れの経路を長くして燃焼ガスの滞炉時間を長く設定することができ、同時に燃焼ガスを物品に接触させて焼成することができる。
【００１２】
請求項５の発明は、炭燃焼室とこれに連なる物品焼成室とからなり、上記物品焼成室が横型に形成され、この物品焼成室の炭燃焼室と反対側の位置に、上下複数の排気口をそれぞれ開閉可能となるよう設け、上記炭燃焼室と物品焼成室の間に燃焼ガスが通過するための細い通路を形成した構成を採用したものである。
【００１３】
上記物品焼成室を形成する炉本体の後壁には、中央部の位置に炉本体の上部で開口する垂直の排気通路と、後壁の上部両側に後壁を水平に貫通して排気通路と連通する二個の排気口と、後壁の下部中央に排気通路の下端と連通する排気口が設けられ、これら各排気口は、炉本体の外部から抜き差しする栓部材によって、排気通路の連通と遮断が選択されるようになっている。
【００１４】
【発明の実施の形態】
以下、この発明の実施の形態を図示例と共に説明する。
【００１５】
図１乃至図３の第１の実施の形態は、炭Ａを燃料に用いて陶磁器を焼成するために用いる、簡易登り窯となる焼成炉１を示している。
【００１６】
この焼成炉１は、周壁に開閉自在となる給気孔２と開閉可能な空気穴３とが対向して設けられ、内部が燃焼室４となって上面が開放した有底角筒状の底窯部材５と、同じく周壁に、開閉可能な空気孔６が設けられ、上記底窯部材５上に載置して複数を順次接ぎ合わせて行く角形の筒窯部材７と、片寄った位置に排気口８が設けられ、最上部筒窯部材７の上端を閉鎖するための蓋部材９と、上記底窯部材５と筒窯部材７の間、上下筒窯部材７と７の間に架設する陶磁器等の平板状となる耐火性の物品載置板１０とから形成されている。
【００１７】
上記底窯部材５と筒窯部材７及び蓋部材９は、例えば、１４００〜１５００℃の温度に耐える耐火性の材料を用いた耐火構造になっており、これらの各構成部材を積み重ねることで、筒窯部材７の内部が物品焼成室１１となる簡易登り窯を形成し、上記した各空気孔３、６は、耐火性の栓１２の抜き差しによって開閉できるようになっている。
【００１８】
ちなみに、図示の場合、底窯部材５の燃焼室４は、縦と横が２２０ｍｍ、高さ２００ｍｍ程度の容積を有し、その上に内側口径が燃焼室４より少し大径の筒窯部材７を二段重ねして用い、底窯部材５の上端部両側及び各筒窯部材７の上端部両側に物品載置板１０の載置段部１３、１４が設けられ、底窯部材５の燃焼室４の下部にはロストル１５が設置されている。
【００１９】
上記物品載置板１０は、耐熱性材料を用い、横幅が筒窯部材７の内幅よりも狭く設定され、これを架設することによって、物品焼成室１１の内面と物品載置板１０の両側縁との間に、燃焼ガスが通過するための細い通路１６を形成し、上下物品載置板１０を平面的にクロスする配置とすることにより、上下の細い通路１６は平面的に直角の配置となる。
【００２０】
次に、第１の実施の形態の焼成炉１を用いた物品の焼成方法を説明する。
【００２１】
底窯部材５の燃焼室４内に所定量の炭Ａを投入してロストル１５上に載せ、この底窯部材５の載置段部１３間に物品載置板１０を架設し、上記底窯部材５上に筒窯部材７を重ね、筒窯部材７の載置段部１４間に物品載置板１０を架設する。なお、物品載置板１０上には、焼成せんとする物品Ｂを載置しておく。
【００２２】
この時、底窯部材５上の物品載置板１０と筒窯部材７の物品載置板１０は、平面的にクロスする配置となるよう筒窯部材７の積み重ね位相を選択し、更にこの筒窯部材７の上に筒窯部材７を積み重ねてその上に蓋部材９を載置し、その内部が縦型の物品焼成室１１となる焼成炉１を組み立てる。
【００２３】
上記物品載置板１０は、横幅が筒窯部材７の内幅よりも狭く設定されているので、これを架設することによって、物品焼成室１１の内面と物品載置板１０の両側縁との間に、燃焼ガスが通過するための細い通路１６を形成することになり、上下物品載置板１０を平面的にクロスする配置とすることにより、上下の細い通路１６は平面的に直角の配置となり、蓋部材９は最上部の細い通路１６に対して排気口８が平面的に直角の配置になるよう載置する。
【００２４】
上記の状態で炭Ａを着火燃焼させると、給気口２から流入した空気は、ロストル１５の下から一次空気、ロストル１５の上から二次空気として供給され、物品焼成室１１を上昇する燃焼ガスは、下位の細い通路１６を通過したのち、直角の配置となる上位の細い通路１６に向けて流れる。
【００２５】
このように、燃焼ガスの流路の途中に細い通路１６を形成すると、燃焼ガスは細い通路１６で絞られることで流速を増し、炎がよく伸びることで遠くまで届くことになり、また、細い通路１６により燃焼ガスが下位の物品焼成室に戻るようなことがなく、これによって、物品の焼成効率が向上する。
【００２６】
また、燃焼ガスが下位の細い通路１６から上位の細い通路１６へ、更に、上位の細い通路１６から排気口８へと流れるとき、それぞれの上下配置が直角になっていることで、図１と図２に矢印で示すように、燃焼ガスは斜めに旋回する傾斜流になり、これによって、流れの経路が長くなり、燃焼ガスの滞炉時間が長く設定され、熱効率の向上が図れることになる。
【００２７】
また、物品焼成室１１を斜めに旋回する燃焼ガスの傾斜流は、物品載置板１０上に載置した物品Ｂに対して直接的に接触することになり、物品Ｂを高温で焼成することができる。
【００２８】
上記燃焼ガスによる物品焼成室１１の温度は、燃焼室４内に投入する炭Ａの量、給気口２と排気口８の開口量の調整、各空気孔３、６の開閉を調整することにより行うことができる。
【００２９】
上記物品Ｂの焼成時において、物品焼成室１１を上昇する燃焼ガスには、細かいカーボン分を含有しているため、釉薬を塗布した物品Ｂの場合、釉薬に作用して変化を与え、また、無釉の物品Ｂの場合、これが物品Ｂに接触して原料成分と融合し、炭Ａと物品Ｂの原料成分の融合によりガラス状の物が付き、このガラス状の物で斬新で独特な色合いと模様が形成されることになる。
【００３０】
また、炭Ａの燃焼による窯内温度は、１３００℃程度までになるので、無釉の物品Ｂの焼き締めが確実に行え、水漏れのない陶磁器が得られることになる。
【００３１】
更に、物品Ｂの焼成完了時において、さますとき、給気口２を閉じて焼成炉１内の酸素を少なくした状態にすると、一酸化炭素による物品Ｂの冷却還元焼成が可能になり、風合いが金属調の作品が得られることになる。
【００３２】
次に、図４乃至図６の第２の実施の形態は、炭Ａを燃料に用いて陶磁器を焼成するために用いる横型の焼成炉１ａを示している。
【００３３】
この第２の実施の形態の焼成炉１ａは、耐火材を用いて横長の角形で内部が物品焼成室２１に形成された炉本体２２の前壁２３で下方位置に燃焼室２４を設け、上記炉本体２２の後壁２５に上下複数の排気口２６、２７をそれぞれ開閉可能となるよう設け、上記燃焼室２４の上部と物品焼成室２１の前端下部を燃焼ガスが通過するための細い通路２８で接続した構造になっている。
【００３４】
上記燃焼室２４は、炉本体２２の前壁２３の下部に耐火材を用いて内部中空に形成され、炉本体２２の前壁２３の下部前面で開口する炭供給口２９を蓋部材３０で開閉自在とし、この燃焼室２４の前面下部に栓部材３１で開閉可能な給気口３２を設け、燃焼室２４の内部にロストル３３を配置した構造になっている。
【００３５】
また、燃焼室２４と物品焼成室２１をつなぐ細い通路２８は、燃焼室２４の先端側上部から垂直に立ち上がる角形の垂直通路になっている。
【００３６】
上記炉本体２２の後壁２５は、中央部の位置を垂直の排気通路３４が炉本体２２の上部で開口するように設けられ、後壁２５の上部両側に排気通路３４と連通する二個の排気口２６と、後壁２５の下部中央に排気通路３４の下端と連通する排気口２７が水平に貫通するよう設けられ、これら各排気口２６、２７は、炉本体２２の外部から抜き差しする栓部材３５によって、排気通路３４の連通と遮断が選択されることになる。
【００３７】
図示の場合、炉本体２２は、底付きのベース枠２２ａと上部枠２２ｂ及び蓋部材２２ｃを積み重ねて組み立て、上部枠２２ｂを必要数だけ積み重ねることにより、物品焼成室２１の容積を増やすことができるようにした例を示している。
【００３８】
この第２の実施の形態の焼成炉１ａは、上記のような構成であり、次に、この焼成炉１ａを用いた物品の焼成方法を説明する。
【００３９】
燃焼室２４内に所定量の炭Ａを投入してロストル３３上に載せ、炉本体２２の物品焼成室２１内に焼成せんとする物品（図示省略）を収納しておく。
【００４０】
この状態で炭Ａを着火燃焼させると、給気口３２から流入した空気は、ロストル３３の下から一次空気、ロストル３３の上から二次空気として供給され、燃焼ガスは、垂直の細い通路２８を通過したのち、炉本体２２の物品焼成室２１に向けて流れる。
【００４１】
このように、燃焼ガスの流路の途中に細い通路２８を形成すると、燃焼ガスは細い通路２８で絞られることで流速を増し、炎がよく伸びることで物品焼成室２１の遠くまで届くことになり、また、細い通路２８により燃焼ガスが下位の燃焼室２４に戻るようなことがなく、これによって、物品の焼成効率が向上する。
【００４２】
また、物品焼成室２１の加熱時において、上下排気口２６、２７の開閉を選択することにより、炉本体２２の物品焼成室２１に向けて流れる燃焼ガスの流路を調整することができる。
【００４３】
図４において、上位の排気口２６を排気通路３４と連通し、下位の排気口２７を閉じた状態にすると、細い通路２８から物品焼成室２１に流入した燃焼ガスは、同図矢印ａのように、物品焼成室２１の上部から上位の排気口２６に向かう流れとなり、物品焼成室２１の上部を昇温させることで、焼成の初期に適した状態となる。
【００４４】
また、下位の排気口２７を排気通路３４と連通し、上位の排気口２６を閉じた状態にすると、細い通路２８から物品焼成室２１に流入した燃焼ガスは、同図矢印ｂのように、物品焼成室２１の上部から下位の排気口２７に向かう流れとなり、これによって、流れの経路が長くなり、燃焼ガスの滞炉時間が長く設定されることになり、熱効率の向上が図れ、しかも、物品焼成室２１に収納した物品に対して直接的に接触することになり、物品を高温で焼成することができる。
【００４５】
上記燃焼ガスによる物品焼成室２１の温度は、燃焼室２４内に投入する炭Ａの量、給気口３２と排気口２６、２７の開口量を調整することにより行うことができ、第１の実施の形態と同様、無釉物品の焼き締め、一酸化炭素による物品の還元焼成等が可能になる。
【００４６】
なお、第１及び第２の実施の形態において、焼成する物品は陶磁器を例示したが、例えば、鍛造ワークの焼成にも使用することができる。
【００４７】
【発明の効果】
以上説明したように、この発明によると、炭燃焼室と物品焼成室の間に燃焼ガスが通過するための細い通路を形成したので、炭燃焼室から物品焼成室へ向かう燃焼ガスの流れが細い通路で高速化し、燃焼ガスの炎が長くなって物品焼成室の遠くまで到達することになり、物品を高温で焼成することができ、物品に対する焼成効率の向上が図れる。
【００４８】
また、物品焼成室の途中に上下複数段の物品載置板を平面的にクロス状となる配置で架設し、物品焼成室の内面と各物品載置板の両側縁との間に形成される燃焼ガスが通過するための細い通路を上下で位置を違えることで、物品焼成室での燃焼ガスの滞炉時間が長くなり、物品焼成室内における熱効率の向上が図れると共に、燃焼ガス流が物品に対して直接的に接触することで物品を高温で焼成することができ、物品に対する焼成効率の向上が図れる。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図１】この発明の第１の実施の形態の焼成炉を示す縦断正面図
【図２】この発明の第１の実施の形態の焼成炉を示す縦断側面図
【図３】この発明の第１の実施の形態の焼成炉を示す分解斜視図
【図４】この発明の第２の実施の形態の焼成炉を示す縦断正面図
【図５】（Ａ）はこの発明の第２の実施の形態の焼成炉を示す背面図、（Ｂ）は同一部切り欠き平面図
【図６】（Ａ）は図４の矢印Ａ−Ａに沿う横断平面図、（Ｂ）は図４の矢印Ｂ−Ｂに沿う横断平面図
【符号の説明】
１　焼成炉
１ａ　焼成炉
２　給気孔
３　空気孔
４　燃焼室
５　底窯部材
６　空気孔
７　筒窯部材
８　排気口
９　蓋部材
１０　物品載置板
１１　物品焼成室
１２　栓
１３　載置段部
１４　載置段部
１５　ロストル
１６　細い通路
２１　物品焼成室
２２　炉本体
２３　前壁
２４　燃焼室
２５　後壁
２６　排気口
２７　排気口
２８　細い通路
２９　炭供給口
３０　蓋部材
３１　栓部材
３２　給気口
３３　ロストル
３４　排気通路
３５　栓部材
Ａ　炭
Ｂ　物品[0001]
TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a firing furnace for firing a forged work or ceramic using charcoal as a fuel, and more particularly, to a firing furnace capable of improving the firing efficiency of articles by extending a flame of a combustion gas for a long time.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Conventionally, pottery kilns that have been used as firing furnaces for firing porcelain are large fixed types constructed of refractory bricks and the like, require a large space for installation, and are expensive equipment. Has already proposed a pottery kiln (climbing kiln) for firing ceramics using charcoal as a fuel in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2000-146450 so that a hobby potter or the like can personally easily fire ceramics at home. .
[0003]
This pottery kiln has a bottomed bottom kiln member, a cylindrical kiln member that forms a vertical article firing chamber inside by stacking on the bottom kiln member, and a top kiln member. An article to be fired is placed inside the article firing chamber, and charcoal is put into the bottom kiln member and burned by air supplied from an air supply port, so that the combustion rises in the article firing chamber. The article is baked with gas.
[0004]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
By the way, in the pottery kiln as described above, the high-temperature combustion gas generated by burning the charcoal in the bottom kiln member rises in the article firing chamber, thereby firing the article on the article mounting plate. However, in such a pottery kiln, in order to improve the firing efficiency of the article, it is necessary to make the flame of the combustion gas as long as possible and bring the combustion gas into direct contact with the article. The kiln has room for improvement.
[0005]
Therefore, an object of the present invention is to improve the firing efficiency for an article by making the flame of the combustion gas as long as possible and, furthermore, increasing the residence time of the combustion gas in the article firing chamber to directly contact the article. It is an object of the present invention to provide a sintering furnace and a sintering method for a sinter which can achieve the above.
[0006]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, the invention of claim 1 comprises a charcoal combustion chamber and an article firing chamber, and forms a narrow passage through which the combustion gas passes between the charcoal combustion chamber and the article firing chamber. It adopts the configuration described above.
[0007]
The invention according to claim 2 comprises a charcoal combustion chamber and an article firing chamber connected to the charcoal combustion chamber, wherein the article firing chamber is formed in a vertical shape, and an article mounting plate is erected in the middle of the article firing chamber. The configuration adopts a configuration in which a narrow passage through which the combustion gas passes is formed between the inner surface of the firing chamber and both side edges of the article mounting plate.
[0008]
The invention according to claim 3 comprises a charcoal combustion chamber and an article firing chamber connected to the charcoal combustion chamber, wherein the article firing chamber is formed in a vertical shape, and a plurality of upper and lower stages of article mounting plates are provided in the middle of the article firing chamber. A narrow passage for the combustion gas to pass is formed between the inner surface of the article firing chamber and both side edges of each article mounting plate, and the narrow passage is vertically positioned. By adopting a different configuration, a configuration is adopted in which the residence time of the combustion gas in the article firing chamber is increased.
[0009]
The invention according to claim 4 uses a firing furnace including a charcoal combustion chamber and a vertical article firing chamber connected to the lower part, and a plurality of upper and lower article mounting plates in the middle of the article firing chamber. It is laid in a cross-shaped arrangement and forms a narrow passage for the combustion gas to pass between the inner surface of the article firing chamber and both side edges of each article mounting plate, and the rising combustion gas is placed on each article mounting plate. This configuration adopts a configuration in which the flow path is lengthened by forming a gradient flow between the plates, the furnace gas residence time is set longer, and the combustion gas is brought into contact with the article and fired.
[0010]
The above firing furnace has a bottomed square bottom kiln member having a charcoal combustion chamber inside and an air supply port provided around it, and a vertical article firing inside by stacking on the bottom kiln member. It is composed of a plurality of rectangular cylindrical kiln members forming a chamber, and a rectangular lid member placed on the uppermost cylindrical kiln member, between the bottom kiln member and the cylindrical kiln member, and between the upper and lower cylindrical kiln members. The mounting plate is erected in a crosswise arrangement.
[0011]
The article mounting plate is made of a heat-resistant material and has a width set to be narrower than the inner width of the rectangular cylindrical kiln member. With the above-described construction, a combustion occurs between the inner surface of the article firing chamber and both side edges of the article mounting plate. By forming a narrow passage through which the gas passes, and by arranging the upper and lower article placing plates so as to cross in a plane, the upper and lower combustion gas passage gaps are arranged at right angles in a plane. As a result, the combustion gas ascending in the article baking chamber becomes an obliquely swirling flow, whereby the flow path can be lengthened and the combustion gas residence time can be set longer, and at the same time, the combustion gas comes into contact with the article. It can be fired.
[0012]
The invention according to claim 5 comprises a charcoal combustion chamber and an article firing chamber connected to the charcoal combustion chamber, wherein the article firing chamber is formed in a horizontal shape, and a plurality of upper and lower exhaust gases are provided at positions of the article firing chamber opposite to the charcoal combustion chamber. The mouth is provided so as to be openable and closable, and a configuration is adopted in which a narrow passage for passing combustion gas is formed between the charcoal combustion chamber and the article firing chamber.
[0013]
On the rear wall of the furnace main body forming the article firing chamber, a vertical exhaust passage opening at the center of the furnace main body at the top of the furnace main body, and an exhaust passage extending horizontally through the rear wall on both upper sides of the rear wall. Two exhaust ports that communicate with each other, and an exhaust port that communicates with the lower end of the exhaust path are provided at the lower center of the rear wall, and each of these exhaust ports is connected to the exhaust path by a plug member that is inserted and removed from the outside of the furnace body. Shutdown is selected.
[0014]
BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.
[0015]
The first embodiment shown in FIGS. 1 to 3 shows a firing furnace 1 which is a simple climbing kiln used for firing ceramics using charcoal A as a fuel.
[0016]
This firing furnace 1 is provided with a bottomed square cylindrical bottom furnace in which an openable and closable air supply hole 2 and an openable and closable air hole 3 are provided on the peripheral wall so as to face each other. A member 5, a rectangular cylindrical kiln member 7 which is provided on the bottom kiln member 5 and is provided with an openable and closable air hole 6 in the peripheral wall, and a plurality of the cylindrical kiln members 7 are sequentially joined together, And a lid member 9 for closing the upper end of the uppermost cylindrical kiln member 7, and a porcelain or the like to be installed between the bottom kiln member 5 and the cylindrical kiln member 7 and between the upper and lower cylindrical kiln members 7 and 7. And the fire-resistant article mounting plate 10 in the form of a flat plate.
[0017]
The bottom kiln member 5, the cylindrical kiln member 7, and the lid member 9 have a fire-resistant structure using a fire-resistant material that withstands a temperature of, for example, 1400 to 1500 ° C., and by stacking these constituent members, A simple climbing kiln in which the inside of the cylindrical kiln member 7 becomes an article firing chamber 11 is formed, and the above-described air holes 3 and 6 can be opened and closed by inserting and removing a fire-resistant plug 12.
[0018]
Incidentally, in the case shown in the figure, the combustion chamber 4 of the bottom kiln member 5 has a volume of about 220 mm in length and width and about 200 mm in height, and further has a cylindrical kiln member 7 having an inner diameter slightly larger than that of the combustion chamber 4. Are stacked in two stages, and mounting step portions 13 and 14 of the article mounting plate 10 are provided on both upper end portions of the bottom kiln member 5 and both upper end portions of each cylindrical kiln member 7. In the lower part of the chamber 4, a roster 15 is installed.
[0019]
The article mounting plate 10 is made of a heat-resistant material and has a width smaller than the inner width of the cylindrical kiln member 7, and by erection, the inner surface of the article firing chamber 11 and both sides of the article mounting plate 10. A narrow passage 16 through which the combustion gas passes is formed between the upper and lower edges, and the upper and lower article placement plates 10 are arranged so as to cross in a plane, so that the upper and lower narrow passages 16 are arranged at a right angle in a plane. It becomes.
[0020]
Next, a method of firing an article using the firing furnace 1 of the first embodiment will be described.
[0021]
A predetermined amount of charcoal A is put into the combustion chamber 4 of the bottom kiln member 5 and placed on the rostrum 15, and the article placing plate 10 is erected between the placing steps 13 of the bottom kiln member 5. The tubular kiln member 7 is superimposed on the member 5, and the article placing plate 10 is installed between the placing steps 14 of the tubular kiln member 7. The article B to be fired is placed on the article placing plate 10.
[0022]
At this time, the stacking phase of the cylindrical kiln member 7 is selected so that the article mounting plate 10 on the bottom kiln member 5 and the article mounting plate 10 of the cylindrical kiln member 7 are arranged so as to cross in a plane. The cylindrical kiln member 7 is stacked on the kiln member 7, the lid member 9 is placed thereon, and the firing furnace 1 in which the inside becomes a vertical article firing chamber 11 is assembled.
[0023]
Since the width of the article placing plate 10 is set to be smaller than the inner width of the cylindrical kiln member 7, by bridging the article placing plate 10, the inner surface of the article firing chamber 11 and both side edges of the article placing plate 10 are connected. A narrow passage 16 through which the combustion gas passes is formed therebetween, and the upper and lower article placing plates 10 are arranged so as to cross in a plane, so that the upper and lower narrow passages 16 are arranged at a right angle in a plane. Then, the lid member 9 is placed so that the exhaust port 8 is arranged at right angles to the narrow passage 16 at the top in a plan view.
[0024]
When the charcoal A is ignited and burned in the above state, the air flowing in from the air supply port 2 is supplied as primary air from below the rostral 15 and as secondary air from above the rostral 15, and combustion rising in the article firing chamber 11. After passing through the lower narrow passage 16, the gas flows toward the upper narrow passage 16 which is arranged at right angles.
[0025]
As described above, when the narrow passage 16 is formed in the middle of the flow path of the combustion gas, the combustion gas is squeezed by the narrow passage 16 to increase the flow velocity, and the flame extends well, so that the combustion gas reaches far. The passage 16 prevents the combustion gas from returning to the lower article firing chamber, thereby improving the firing efficiency of the article.
[0026]
Also, when the combustion gas flows from the lower narrow passage 16 to the upper narrow passage 16 and further from the upper narrow passage 16 to the exhaust port 8, the vertical arrangement of each of them becomes a right angle. As shown by the arrows in FIG. 2, the combustion gas becomes a diagonally swirling flow, whereby the flow path becomes longer, the combustion gas residence time is set longer, and the thermal efficiency can be improved. .
[0027]
Further, the inclined flow of the combustion gas swirling obliquely through the article firing chamber 11 comes into direct contact with the article B mounted on the article mounting plate 10, thereby firing the article B at a high temperature. Can be.
[0028]
The temperature of the article firing chamber 11 by the combustion gas is determined by adjusting the amount of charcoal A to be charged into the combustion chamber 4, adjusting the opening amounts of the supply port 2 and the exhaust port 8, and adjusting the opening and closing of the air holes 3 and 6. Can be performed.
[0029]
At the time of firing the article B, since the combustion gas rising in the article firing chamber 11 contains a fine carbon content, in the case of the article B coated with a glaze, it acts on the glaze to give a change, In the case of the unglazed article B, it comes into contact with the article B and fuses with the raw material components, and the coal of the raw material components of the charcoal A and the article B gives a glass-like material. This glass-like material has a novel and unique color. And a pattern is formed.
[0030]
In addition, since the temperature in the kiln due to the burning of the charcoal A becomes up to about 1300 ° C., the unglazed article B can be securely tightened, and a ceramic without water leakage can be obtained.
[0031]
Furthermore, when the firing of the article B is completed, when the air supply port 2 is closed and the oxygen in the firing furnace 1 is reduced, the cooling and firing of the article B with carbon monoxide becomes possible. Will be able to obtain a metal-like work.
[0032]
Next, a second embodiment of FIGS. 4 to 6 shows a horizontal firing furnace 1a used for firing ceramics using charcoal A as a fuel.
[0033]
In the firing furnace 1a of the second embodiment, a combustion chamber 24 is provided at a lower position by a front wall 23 of a furnace main body 22 in which a horizontally long rectangular shape is formed using a refractory material and the inside is formed in an article firing chamber 21. A plurality of upper and lower exhaust ports 26 and 27 are provided on the rear wall 25 of the furnace body 22 so as to be openable and closable, and a narrow passage 28 through which combustion gas passes through the upper part of the combustion chamber 24 and the lower part of the front end of the article firing chamber 21. It has a structure connected by.
[0034]
The combustion chamber 24 is formed in a hollow inside using a refractory material at a lower portion of a front wall 23 of the furnace main body 22, and opens and closes a charcoal supply port 29 opened at a lower front surface of the front wall 23 of the furnace main body 22 with a lid member 30. An air supply port 32 which can be freely opened and closed by a plug member 31 is provided at a lower portion of the front surface of the combustion chamber 24, and a roster 33 is arranged inside the combustion chamber 24.
[0035]
The narrow passage 28 that connects the combustion chamber 24 and the article firing chamber 21 is a rectangular vertical passage that rises vertically from the top of the front end of the combustion chamber 24.
[0036]
The rear wall 25 of the furnace main body 22 is provided such that a vertical exhaust passage 34 is opened at the center of the furnace main body 22 at the upper portion of the furnace main body 22, and two upper ends of the rear wall 25 communicate with the exhaust passage 34. An exhaust port 26 and an exhaust port 27 communicating with the lower end of the exhaust passage 34 are provided at the center of the lower portion of the rear wall 25 so as to pass through horizontally, and these exhaust ports 26 and 27 are plugs to be inserted and removed from the outside of the furnace body 22. The communication and the cutoff of the exhaust passage 34 are selected by the member 35.
[0037]
In the case shown in the figure, the furnace body 22 can be assembled by stacking a base frame 22a with a bottom, an upper frame 22b and a lid member 22c, and stacking a required number of the upper frames 22b to increase the volume of the article firing chamber 21. An example is shown.
[0038]
The firing furnace 1a according to the second embodiment has the above-described configuration. Next, a method of firing an article using the firing furnace 1a will be described.
[0039]
A predetermined amount of charcoal A is charged into the combustion chamber 24 and placed on the roast 33, and articles (not shown) to be fired are stored in the article firing chamber 21 of the furnace body 22.
[0040]
When the charcoal A is ignited and burned in this state, the air flowing in from the air supply port 32 is supplied as primary air from below the roaster 33 and as secondary air from above the roaster 33, and the combustion gas passes through the narrow vertical passage 28. , And then flows toward the article firing chamber 21 of the furnace body 22.
[0041]
As described above, when the narrow passage 28 is formed in the middle of the flow path of the combustion gas, the combustion gas is squeezed by the narrow passage 28 to increase the flow velocity, and the flame extends well, so that the combustion gas reaches far from the article firing chamber 21. In addition, the narrow passage 28 does not allow the combustion gas to return to the lower combustion chamber 24, thereby improving the firing efficiency of the article.
[0042]
In addition, when the article firing chamber 21 is heated, the flow path of the combustion gas flowing toward the article firing chamber 21 of the furnace body 22 can be adjusted by selecting the opening and closing of the upper and lower exhaust ports 26 and 27.
[0043]
In FIG. 4, when the upper exhaust port 26 communicates with the exhaust passage 34 and the lower exhaust port 27 is closed, the combustion gas flowing into the article firing chamber 21 from the narrow passage 28 is as shown by arrow a in FIG. Then, the flow is directed from the upper part of the article firing chamber 21 to the upper exhaust port 26, and the upper part of the article firing chamber 21 is heated to be in a state suitable for the initial stage of firing.
[0044]
When the lower exhaust port 27 is communicated with the exhaust passage 34 and the upper exhaust port 26 is closed, the combustion gas flowing into the article firing chamber 21 from the narrow passage 28 is, as shown by arrow b in FIG. The flow is from the upper part of the article baking chamber 21 to the lower exhaust port 27, whereby the flow path is lengthened, the combustion gas residence time is set longer, and the thermal efficiency is improved. Since it comes into direct contact with the articles stored in the article firing chamber 21, the articles can be fired at a high temperature.
[0045]
The temperature of the article firing chamber 21 by the combustion gas can be controlled by adjusting the amount of charcoal A charged into the combustion chamber 24 and the opening amounts of the air supply port 32 and the exhaust ports 26 and 27. As in the embodiment, baking of unglazed articles, reduction firing of articles with carbon monoxide, and the like can be performed.
[0046]
In the first and second embodiments, the articles to be fired are ceramics, but they can be used for firing forged works, for example.
[0047]
【The invention's effect】
As described above, according to the present invention, since the narrow passage for the combustion gas to pass between the charcoal combustion chamber and the article firing chamber is formed, the flow of the combustion gas from the charcoal combustion chamber to the article firing chamber is narrow. The speed is increased in the passage, and the flame of the combustion gas becomes longer and reaches far from the article firing chamber, so that the article can be fired at a high temperature, and the firing efficiency for the article can be improved.
[0048]
In addition, a plurality of upper and lower stages of the article mounting plates are laid in a crosswise arrangement in the middle of the article firing chamber, and are formed between the inner surface of the article firing chamber and both side edges of each article mounting plate. By changing the position of the narrow passage for the passage of the combustion gas up and down, the residence time of the combustion gas in the article firing chamber becomes longer, improving the thermal efficiency in the article firing chamber and the combustion gas flow to the article. The article can be fired at a high temperature by making direct contact with the article, and the firing efficiency of the article can be improved.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a vertical front view showing a firing furnace according to a first embodiment of the present invention; FIG. 2 is a vertical side view showing a firing furnace according to a first embodiment of the present invention; FIG. FIG. 4 is an exploded perspective view showing a firing furnace according to a first embodiment; FIG. 4 is a vertical sectional front view showing a firing furnace according to a second embodiment of the present invention; FIG. FIG. 6 (A) is a cross-sectional plan view along arrow AA in FIG. 4, and FIG. 6 (B) is a cross-sectional plan view along arrow AA in FIG. Cross-sectional plan view along B
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Firing furnace 1a Firing furnace 2 Air supply hole 3 Air hole 4 Combustion chamber 5 Bottom kiln member 6 Air hole 7 Cylindrical kiln member 8 Exhaust port 9 Cover member 10 Article mounting plate 11 Article firing chamber 12 Plug 13 Mounting step 14 Mounting Step portion 15 Rostor 16 Thin passage 21 Article firing chamber 22 Furnace main body 23 Front wall 24 Combustion chamber 25 Rear wall 26 Exhaust port 27 Exhaust port 28 Thin passage 29 Charcoal supply port 30 Cover member 31 Plug member 32 Air supply port 33 Rostor 34 Exhaust passage 35 Plug member A Charcoal B Article

Claims

炭燃焼室と物品焼成室とからなり、上記炭燃焼室と物品焼成室の間に燃焼ガスが通過するための細い通路を形成した焼成炉。A firing furnace comprising a charcoal combustion chamber and an article firing chamber, wherein a narrow passage through which combustion gas passes is formed between the charcoal combustion chamber and the article firing chamber.

炭燃焼室とこれに連なる物品焼成室とからなり、上記物品焼成室が縦型に形成され、この物品焼成室の途中に物品載置板を架設し、物品焼成室の内面と物品載置板の両側縁との間で、燃焼ガスが通過するための細い通路を形成した焼成炉。The article firing chamber is formed in a vertical shape, and includes a charcoal combustion chamber and an article firing chamber connected to the charcoal combustion chamber. An article mounting plate is erected in the middle of the article firing chamber. A firing furnace in which narrow passages for passing combustion gas are formed between both side edges of the furnace.

炭燃焼室とこれに連なる物品焼成室とからなり、上記物品焼成室が縦型に形成され、この物品焼成室の途中に上下複数段の物品載置板を平面的にクロス状となる配置で架設し、物品焼成室の内面と各物品載置板の両側縁との間で、燃焼ガスが通過するための細い通路を形成し、この細い通路を上下で位置を違えることで、燃焼ガスの物品焼成室での滞炉時間を長くなるようにした焼成炉。It consists of a charcoal combustion chamber and an article firing chamber connected to it, the article firing chamber is formed in a vertical shape, and an article mounting plate of a plurality of upper and lower stages is arranged in a cross shape in a plane in the middle of the article firing chamber. A narrow passage for the passage of combustion gas is formed between the inner surface of the article firing chamber and both side edges of each article placement plate, and the position of the narrow passage is changed up and down, so that the combustion gas A sintering furnace that has a longer furnace stay time in the article sintering chamber.

下部に炭燃焼室とこれに連なる縦型の物品焼成室とからなる焼成炉を用い、上記物品焼成室の途中に上下複数段の物品載置板を、平面的にクロス状となる配置で架設し、物品焼成室の内面と各物品載置板の両側縁との間で、燃焼ガスが通過するための細い通路を形成し、上昇する燃焼ガスを各物品載置板間で傾斜流にして流れの経路を長くし、燃焼ガスの滞炉時間を長く設定すると同時に燃焼ガスを物品に接触させて焼成することを特徴とする焼物の焼成方法。Using a firing furnace consisting of a charcoal combustion chamber at the bottom and a vertical article firing chamber connected to this, a plurality of upper and lower article mounting plates are erected in the middle of the article firing chamber in a cross-shaped arrangement in a plane. And, between the inner surface of the article firing chamber and both side edges of each article mounting plate, a narrow passage for the combustion gas to pass through is formed, and the rising combustion gas is caused to flow obliquely between each article mounting plate. A firing method for a fired product, comprising: setting a flow path longer, setting a combustion gas residence time longer, and simultaneously firing the combustion gas in contact with an article.

炭燃焼室とこれに連なる物品焼成室とからなり、上記物品焼成室が横型に形成され、この物品焼成室の炭燃焼室と反対側の位置に、上下複数の排気口をそれぞれ開閉可能となるよう設け、上記炭燃焼室と物品焼成室の間に燃焼ガスが通過するための細い通路を形成した焼成炉。It consists of a charcoal combustion chamber and an article firing chamber connected to the charcoal combustion chamber. The article firing chamber is formed in a horizontal shape, and a plurality of upper and lower exhaust ports can be opened and closed at positions opposite to the charcoal combustion chamber of the article firing chamber. A sintering furnace, wherein a narrow passage is formed between the charcoal combustion chamber and the article sintering chamber for the passage of combustion gas.