JP2004080969A - Permanent magnet commutator motor - Google Patents

Permanent magnet commutator motor Download PDF

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Publication number
JP2004080969A
JP2004080969A JP2002241133A JP2002241133A JP2004080969A JP 2004080969 A JP2004080969 A JP 2004080969A JP 2002241133 A JP2002241133 A JP 2002241133A JP 2002241133 A JP2002241133 A JP 2002241133A JP 2004080969 A JP2004080969 A JP 2004080969A
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JP
Japan
Prior art keywords
permanent magnet
stator yoke
iron
commutator motor
magnet
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
JP2002241133A
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Japanese (ja)
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JP3948371B2 (en
JP2004080969A5 (en
Inventor
Kazuhiro Omori
大森 和博
Yoshihiro Komuro
小室 義広
Tomoyoshi Yokota
横田 伴義
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Koki Holdings Co Ltd
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Hitachi Koki Co Ltd
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Priority to JP2002241133A priority Critical patent/JP3948371B2/en
Publication of JP2004080969A publication Critical patent/JP2004080969A/en
Publication of JP2004080969A5 publication Critical patent/JP2004080969A5/ja
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Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a low-cost power tool, whose leakage flux can be reduced and whose motor can be miniaturized and turned more powerful, without enlarging stator yokes. <P>SOLUTION: This permanent magnet commutator motor is configured, to shut the leakage flux with metal members that are provided on both side-end-surfaces in the axial direction of a stator yoke 2 and magnets 12, 13. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2004,JPO

Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、低コストで高効率を得ることができる永久磁石整流子モータに関するものであり、特に電動工具に使用する永久磁石整流子モータの構造に関するものである。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
近年、電動工具の小形・ハイパワー化が、急速に進んできている。蓄電池を用いたコードレス工具においても、その進化は目覚しいものがあるが、高いエネルギを持った磁石を用い、モータの小形・高出力化が図られてきている。
【0003】
以下、図7及び図8を用いて説明する。図7は電動工具の内部構造を示しており、先端に出力部となるピニオン9を有する回転子ロータ1は、両端を軸受10で保持されながら外郭部品5に収納されている。回転子ロータ1のコアの外側には固定子ヨーク2が配置される。固定子ヨーク2は、円筒状の鉄輪11に2極の磁石12,13を固定保持しながら径方向、軸方向とも材質がプラスチックの外郭部品5に収納されている。
【0004】
電動工具の使い勝手を良くするため、工具本体をできる限りコンパクトにするため、固定子ヨーク2の外径は制限される。そのため、図9に示すように磁石12,13の径方向の厚さを極力薄くし、その分鉄輪11の径方向を厚くして磁石12,13の持つエネルギを最大限に利用する磁気回路設計手法が用いられている。
【0005】
しかし、固定子ヨーク2の外径が制限されると、磁束の通路が制限されるため、高いエネルギを持った磁石12,13の磁束を通しきれず、固定子ヨーク2の外径及び磁石12,13の側端面から磁束が大量に漏れてしまう場合がある。そのため、鉄粉等を吸い寄せてしまい、外郭部品5への鉄紛等の吸着や外郭部品5の風窓から鉄粉を進入させてしまう場合がある。外郭部品5に鉄粉が吸着すると、工具を握った時に手に鉄粉がささり痛くなったり、風窓から鉄粉が進入して回転子ロータ1と固定子ヨーク2の間に鉄粉が入りこみ故障してしまう等の不具合が起きてしまう。
【0006】
また、高いエネルギを持った磁石12,13に見合うよう鉄輪11の体積を大きくするには、固定子ヨーク2の外径が制限されているため、図10に示すように鉄輪を軸方向に伸ばす方法も考えられるが、電動工具本体の全長が長くなり小形化に影響を与えていた。
【0007】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
従来の永久磁石整流子モータを小形・ハイパワー化すると、固定子ヨークの外径及び磁石の両側端面から磁束が大量に漏れてしまうという問題があった。
【0008】
本発明の目的は、上記課題を解消し、固定子ヨークを大型化することなく、モータの小形化・ハイパワー化を図れる安価な電動工具を提供することである。
【0009】
【課題を解決するための手段】
上記目的は、固定子ヨーク及び磁石の軸方向の両側端面に鉄の部材を配設し、漏れ磁束を鉄で遮断することにより達成される。
【0010】
【発明の実施の形態】
図1〜図6を用いて本実施例における永久磁石整流子モータを有する電動工具を説明する。図1及び図2は電動工具におけるモータ部の内部構造を示しており、動力源は、回転子ロータ1、固定子ヨーク2とカーボンブラシ3及びカーボンブラシブロック4(以下CBブロックと称す)を収容する二つ割で材質がプラスチック製の外郭部品5から構成される。CBブロック4は、カーボンブラシ3を外側から交換可能とするために必要な部品で、CBチューブ6、CBキャップ7、リードワイヤ8を保持している。
【0011】
回転子ロータ1は、先端に出力部となるピニオン9を有し、両端を軸受10で保持されながら外郭部品5に収納されている。回転子ロータ1の外側には固定子ヨーク2が配置される。
【0012】
上記固定子ヨーク2は、円筒状の鉄輪11に弓形の2極の磁石12,13を固定保持している。固定子ヨーク2の反出力側には、回転子ロータ1のコイルエンド14と適当な距離を保った強磁体である金属部材、即ち鉄の部材15が設けてある。鉄の部材15は、0.5mm程の鉄板を絞り加工でカップ状に成形した筒部16を有し、この筒部16は、CBブロック4の穴に嵌め合っている。また、筒部16の反対側は、鉄輪11と磁石12,13の端面形状に合わせ、磁力によって吸い付けられ固定保持される。固定子ヨークの出力側には、強磁体である鉄の部材17が設けてある。鉄の部材17も鉄輪11と磁石12,13の端面形状に合わせ、磁力によって吸い付けられ固定保持される。鉄の部材15,17を固定子ヨーク2に吸い付けた状態で固定保持し、外郭部品5に組み込む。軸方向は外郭部品5のリブで規制され、径方向は外郭部品5のリブにて狭持される。鉄の部材15,17を鉄輪11及び磁石12,13の形状に合わせることで、風路抵抗にならず、また、鉄の部材15,17に冷却風を吹きつけることで、ヒートシンクの役目を果たし、放熱性を向上させることができる。なお、上述した鉄の部材15,17は、プレス加工で打ち抜いたワッシャであり且つ固定子ヨーク2と磁石12,13を覆う形状とすることで、冷却効果を落とすことなく、低コストで製造することができるものである。
【0013】
また、鉄の部材15,17は、鉄輪11及び磁石12,13と吸着しているが、位置決めが必要である。位置決めがないと回転子ロータ1と接触し故障の原因となる。位置決めは、図4に示すように鉄の部材に突起17を設け固定子ヨーク2の内径11aに嵌め合わせることでできる。また、他の固定方法としては、図5に示すように鉄輪11の軸方向に凸部(図示せず)を設け、鉄の部材19に穴19aをあけ嵌め合わせるようにしても良い。
【0014】
次に図6を用いて動作を説明する。磁石12はN極に、磁石13はS極に着磁されている。磁力線18は、磁石12(N極)から回転子ロータ1を通って磁石13(S極)に向かっている。従来の方式では図6(a)に示すように、高いエネルギを持った磁石の磁力が、固定子ヨーク2を通りきれない時、大量の漏れ磁束18aが発生しヨークの外側の空中を通ってしまっていた。しかし、本実施例では、固定子ヨーク2の出力側、反出力側に設けた鉄の部材15,17が磁石12,13のすぐ側面にまで伸びているので、図6(b)に示すように磁石12から鉄の部材15,17へ大量の漏れ磁束を流し込むことで、この漏れ磁束18aを大幅に低減することができる。また、更に高いエネルギを持った磁石を工具に用いたとしても、漏れ磁束量に応じて鉄の部材15,17の厚みを変えることで、固定子ヨーク2の軸方向の長さを抑えつつ漏れ磁束を低減することができる。
【0015】
【発明の効果】
本発明によれば、固定子ヨーク及び磁石の軸方向の両側端面に金属部材を配設し、漏れ磁束を金属部材に通すことで、漏れ磁束を大幅に低減することができる。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】本発明になる電動工具のモータ付近を示す一部省略縦断側面図である。
【図2】本発明になる電動工具のモータ付近を示す一部省略縦断側面図である。
【図3】本発明になる図1のA−A線断面図である。
【図4】本発明になる金属部品を示しており、(a)はその正面図、(b)はその側面図である。
【図5】本発明になる他の金属部品を示しており、(a)はその正面図、(b)はその側面図である。
【図6】永久磁石整流子モータの磁力の流れを示す磁力線図であり、(a)は従来品の磁力線図を示しており、(b)は本発明になる磁力線図を示している。
【図7】従来における電動工具のモータ付近を示す一部省略縦断側面図である。
【図8】従来における鉄輪と磁石の構造関係を示す概略断面図である。
【図9】従来における鉄輪と磁石の構造関係を示す概略断面図である。
【図10】従来における鉄輪と磁石の別構造関係を示す概略断面図である。
【符号の説明】
1は回転子ロータ、2は固定子ヨーク、3はカーボンブラシ、4はCBブロック、5は外郭部品、6はCBチューブ、7はCBキャップ、8はリードワイヤ、9はピニオン、10は軸受、11は鉄輪、12は磁石、13は磁石、14はコイルエンド、15は鉄の部材、16は筒部、17は鉄の部材、17aは凸起、18は磁力線、18aはヨーク外周へ漏れる磁束、18bは鉄の部材に流れ込む磁束、19は鉄の部材、19aは穴である。
[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a permanent magnet commutator motor capable of obtaining high efficiency at low cost, and more particularly to a structure of a permanent magnet commutator motor used for an electric tool.
[0002]
[Prior art]
In recent years, miniaturization and high power of electric tools have been progressing rapidly. Although the evolution of cordless tools using storage batteries is remarkable, the use of magnets with high energy has led to the miniaturization and high output of motors.
[0003]
Hereinafter, a description will be given with reference to FIGS. FIG. 7 shows the internal structure of the electric power tool. A rotor rotor 1 having a pinion 9 serving as an output part at the tip is housed in an outer part 5 while both ends are held by bearings 10. A stator yoke 2 is disposed outside the core of the rotor rotor 1. The stator yoke 2 is housed in an outer shell part 5 made of a plastic material in both the radial direction and the axial direction while fixing and holding two pole magnets 12 and 13 to a cylindrical iron ring 11.
[0004]
In order to improve the usability of the electric tool, the outer diameter of the stator yoke 2 is limited in order to make the tool body as compact as possible. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 9, the magnetic circuit design that maximizes the energy of the magnets 12, 13 by making the radial thickness of the magnets 12, 13 as thin as possible and increasing the radial direction of the iron rings 11 correspondingly. The method is used.
[0005]
However, if the outer diameter of the stator yoke 2 is limited, the path of the magnetic flux is limited. Therefore, the magnetic fluxes of the magnets 12 and 13 having high energy cannot be passed, and the outer diameter of the stator yoke 2 and the magnet 12 , 13 may leak a large amount of magnetic flux from the side end surfaces. For this reason, iron powder or the like is sucked and iron powder or the like may be adsorbed to the outer shell part 5 or may be caused to enter from the wind window of the outer shell part 5. If iron powder is adsorbed on the outer shell 5, the iron powder becomes awkward and painful when the tool is held, or iron powder enters the rotor rotor 1 and the stator yoke 2 due to the iron powder entering from the wind window. This causes problems such as
[0006]
Further, in order to increase the volume of the iron ring 11 to match the magnets 12 and 13 having high energy, the outer diameter of the stator yoke 2 is limited, so that the iron ring is extended in the axial direction as shown in FIG. Although a method is conceivable, the overall length of the power tool main body has become longer, which has affected the downsizing.
[0007]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
When the conventional permanent magnet commutator motor is reduced in size and power, there is a problem that a large amount of magnetic flux leaks from the outer diameter of the stator yoke and from both end faces of the magnet.
[0008]
An object of the present invention is to provide an inexpensive electric tool that can solve the above-described problems and can reduce the size and power of a motor without increasing the size of a stator yoke.
[0009]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The above object is achieved by disposing iron members on both end faces in the axial direction of the stator yoke and the magnet and blocking the leakage magnetic flux with iron.
[0010]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The electric tool which has a permanent magnet commutator motor in a present Example is demonstrated using FIGS. 1 and 2 show the internal structure of the motor part in the electric tool, and the power source accommodates the rotor rotor 1, the stator yoke 2, the carbon brush 3, and the carbon brush block 4 (hereinafter referred to as CB block). Therefore, the outer part 5 is made of plastic. The CB block 4 is a component necessary for making the carbon brush 3 exchangeable from the outside, and holds the CB tube 6, the CB cap 7 and the lead wire 8.
[0011]
The rotor rotor 1 has a pinion 9 serving as an output portion at the tip, and is housed in the outer shell part 5 while being held by bearings 10 at both ends. A stator yoke 2 is disposed outside the rotor rotor 1.
[0012]
In the stator yoke 2, arcuate dipole magnets 12 and 13 are fixedly held on a cylindrical iron ring 11. On the non-output side of the stator yoke 2, a metal member, that is, an iron member 15, which is a strong magnetic body keeping an appropriate distance from the coil end 14 of the rotor rotor 1, is provided. The iron member 15 has a cylindrical portion 16 in which an iron plate of about 0.5 mm is formed into a cup shape by drawing, and the cylindrical portion 16 is fitted in a hole of the CB block 4. Further, the opposite side of the cylindrical portion 16 is attracted and fixedly held by a magnetic force in accordance with the end face shapes of the iron ring 11 and the magnets 12 and 13. On the output side of the stator yoke, an iron member 17 which is a ferromagnetic body is provided. The iron member 17 is also fixed and held by being attracted by a magnetic force in accordance with the end face shapes of the iron ring 11 and the magnets 12 and 13. The iron members 15 and 17 are fixed and held in a state where they are sucked onto the stator yoke 2 and assembled into the outer shell part 5. The axial direction is regulated by the rib of the outer shell part 5, and the radial direction is held by the rib of the outer shell part 5. By matching the iron members 15 and 17 with the shapes of the iron wheel 11 and the magnets 12 and 13, air path resistance is not achieved, and cooling air is blown onto the iron members 15 and 17 to serve as a heat sink. , Heat dissipation can be improved. The iron members 15 and 17 described above are washers punched out by press working and have a shape that covers the stator yoke 2 and the magnets 12 and 13, and are manufactured at a low cost without reducing the cooling effect. It is something that can be done.
[0013]
Moreover, although the iron members 15 and 17 are adsorb | sucking with the iron ring 11 and the magnets 12 and 13, positioning is required. If there is no positioning, it will contact the rotor 1 and cause a failure. As shown in FIG. 4, the positioning can be performed by providing a protrusion 17 on an iron member and fitting it into the inner diameter 11 a of the stator yoke 2. Further, as another fixing method, as shown in FIG. 5, a convex portion (not shown) may be provided in the axial direction of the steel wheel 11, and a hole 19 a may be formed in the iron member 19 and fitted.
[0014]
Next, the operation will be described with reference to FIG. The magnet 12 is magnetized to the N pole, and the magnet 13 is magnetized to the S pole. The magnetic field lines 18 are directed from the magnet 12 (N pole) through the rotor rotor 1 to the magnet 13 (S pole). In the conventional method, as shown in FIG. 6A, when the magnetic force of the magnet having high energy cannot pass through the stator yoke 2, a large amount of leakage magnetic flux 18a is generated and passes through the air outside the yoke. I was sorry. However, in this embodiment, since the iron members 15 and 17 provided on the output side and the counter-output side of the stator yoke 2 extend to the immediate side surfaces of the magnets 12 and 13, as shown in FIG. By flowing a large amount of leakage magnetic flux from the magnet 12 to the iron members 15 and 17, the leakage magnetic flux 18a can be greatly reduced. Even if a magnet with higher energy is used for the tool, the thickness of the iron members 15 and 17 is changed in accordance with the amount of magnetic flux leakage, so that the length of the stator yoke 2 in the axial direction is suppressed. Magnetic flux can be reduced.
[0015]
【The invention's effect】
According to the present invention, the leakage flux can be significantly reduced by disposing the metal member on both end faces in the axial direction of the stator yoke and the magnet and passing the leakage flux through the metal member.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a partially omitted vertical side view showing the vicinity of a motor of an electric tool according to the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a partially omitted vertical side view showing the vicinity of the motor of the electric tool according to the present invention.
3 is a cross-sectional view taken along line AA of FIG. 1 according to the present invention.
4A and 4B show metal parts according to the present invention, in which FIG. 4A is a front view thereof, and FIG. 4B is a side view thereof.
5A and 5B show another metal part according to the present invention, in which FIG. 5A is a front view thereof, and FIG. 5B is a side view thereof.
FIG. 6 is a magnetic force diagram showing the flow of magnetic force of a permanent magnet commutator motor, (a) shows a magnetic force diagram of a conventional product, and (b) shows a magnetic force diagram according to the present invention.
FIG. 7 is a partially omitted vertical side view showing the vicinity of a motor of a conventional electric tool.
FIG. 8 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing the structural relationship between a conventional iron ring and a magnet.
FIG. 9 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing the structural relationship between a conventional iron ring and a magnet.
FIG. 10 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing another structural relationship between a conventional iron ring and magnet.
[Explanation of symbols]
1 is a rotor rotor, 2 is a stator yoke, 3 is a carbon brush, 4 is a CB block, 5 is an outer part, 6 is a CB tube, 7 is a CB cap, 8 is a lead wire, 9 is a pinion, 10 is a bearing, 11 is an iron ring, 12 is a magnet, 13 is a magnet, 14 is a coil end, 15 is an iron member, 16 is a cylindrical portion, 17 is an iron member, 17a is raised, 18 is a magnetic field line, and 18a is a magnetic flux leaking to the outer circumference of the yoke , 18b is a magnetic flux flowing into the iron member, 19 is an iron member, and 19a is a hole.

Claims (3)

永久磁石により界磁磁極を構成する固定子と、ハウジングに設けられた軸受部により回転可能に支持されるシャフトに複数のスロットを備えたコアと整流子とを有し、該コアにコイルを巻回した該整流子へ接続して構成される回転子により前記整流子にブラシを通じてコイルに通電し前記回転子に回転トルクを発生する永久磁石整流子モータにおいて、固定子ヨーク及び磁石の軸方向の両側端面に金属部材を設けることを特徴とする永久磁石整流子モータ。A stator that forms a field magnetic pole by a permanent magnet, a core having a plurality of slots in a shaft that is rotatably supported by a bearing portion provided in a housing, and a commutator. A coil is wound around the core. In a permanent magnet commutator motor in which a coil connected to the commutator is energized through a brush by a rotor configured to be connected to the rotated commutator and generates rotational torque in the rotor, the stator yoke and the magnet in the axial direction A permanent magnet commutator motor characterized in that metal members are provided on both end faces. 鉄製の前記金属部材を前記固定子ヨークと嵌め合わせるための突起を設けることを特徴とする請求項1記載の永久磁石整流子モータ。The permanent magnet commutator motor according to claim 1, further comprising a protrusion for fitting the metal member made of iron with the stator yoke. 前記金属部材に穴を設け、且つ前記固定子ヨークに凸部を設けることを特徴とする請求項1記載の永久磁石整流子モータ。The permanent magnet commutator motor according to claim 1, wherein a hole is provided in the metal member, and a convex portion is provided in the stator yoke.
JP2002241133A 2002-08-21 2002-08-21 Electric tool Expired - Fee Related JP3948371B2 (en)

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Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US7355316B2 (en) 2005-04-13 2008-04-08 Hitachi Koki Co. Ltd. Electrical tool
US7375447B2 (en) 2004-03-10 2008-05-20 Hitachi Koki Co., Ltd. Power tool
US7535144B2 (en) 2004-11-04 2009-05-19 Makita Corporation Structure for retaining magnets relative to stator in electric tool
JP2014069271A (en) * 2012-09-28 2014-04-21 Hitachi Koki Co Ltd Electric tool

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US7375447B2 (en) 2004-03-10 2008-05-20 Hitachi Koki Co., Ltd. Power tool
US7535144B2 (en) 2004-11-04 2009-05-19 Makita Corporation Structure for retaining magnets relative to stator in electric tool
US7355316B2 (en) 2005-04-13 2008-04-08 Hitachi Koki Co. Ltd. Electrical tool
JP2014069271A (en) * 2012-09-28 2014-04-21 Hitachi Koki Co Ltd Electric tool

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