JP2004056907A - Synchronous machine - Google Patents
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- JP2004056907A JP2004056907A JP2002210350A JP2002210350A JP2004056907A JP 2004056907 A JP2004056907 A JP 2004056907A JP 2002210350 A JP2002210350 A JP 2002210350A JP 2002210350 A JP2002210350 A JP 2002210350A JP 2004056907 A JP2004056907 A JP 2004056907A
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- yoke
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Abstract
Description
【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、ヨークとティースとを備えたステータを複数枚、厚さ方向に積層・固定して用いる同期機に関する。具体的には、ステータに配置される積層体に電磁鋼板を用いた永久磁石同期機に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
永久磁石同期機は、ステータ(固定子)に電流を流すことにより発生する磁場が、ロータ(回転子)に埋め込まれた永久磁石に働いて、ロータが回転する同期機であって、保守性、制御性、耐環境性に優れ、高効率、高力率運転が可能なモータとして産業・民生家電分野を問わず広く用いられている。この場合、電気エネルギーを同期機に流して、回転駆動力を得るようにするのが同期電動機であり、逆に、同期機を回転させて電気エネルギーを同期機より取り出す場合は、同期発電機となる。ここでは、両者を想定し、あわせて、同期機としている、両者の構造は基本的には同じなので、以下詳細説明では、同期電動機の例を中心に説明する。
【0003】
図7および図8は、従来の同期機の断面を示しており、ヨーク1およびティース2からなるステータ7の中心に、ロータ8が配置されている。
ロータ8には永久磁石9が埋め込まれており、ステータ7に三相交流を流すことにより発生する磁場が、この永久磁石9に働くことによりロータ8が回転する。
従来、同期機のステータは、鉄損を低減するために無方向性電磁鋼板(NO)を積層することにより作られていた。
無方向性電磁鋼板は、図5に示すように、鋼板表面のどの方向にも一様な比透磁率を有する鋼板であって、比較的鉄損の小さい材料として広く用いられているが、長時間連続運転する同期機のステータに用いる材料としては十分な磁気特性が得られていなかった。
【0004】
同期機に用いられる電磁鋼板の種類については、特開平7−67272号公報に、ステータのティースとヨークとを分割する構造とし、ヨークには円周方向を磁化容易方向とする方向性電磁鋼板(GO)を用い、ティースには径方向を磁化容易方向とする方向性電磁鋼板を用いることにより鉄損を低減する方法が開示されている。
【0005】
しかし、この従来技術は、図7に示すように、ヨークが周方向に分割されており、その分割されたヨークの境界がティースとティースの間に位置していた。
そのため、ティースから隣のティースに磁束が流れる場合に、ティースとヨークの境界、ヨーク同士の境界、ヨークと隣のティースとの境界の3つの境界を磁束が通過することになる。
【0006】
これらの境界およびステータ同士の積層部は、溶接またはカシメ、または、ボルト締めによって接合されているが、物理的に一体でなく、しかも接合部分に応力が集中するなどの理由から、磁束がこの境界部分を通過する際の磁気抵抗が大きくなり、モータの鉄損が大きくなるという問題点があった。
また、前述の境界が同じ位置にあるステータを積層すると、他の部分に比べて強度が低い境界部が1箇所に集中するため、積層したステータの強度が低下するという問題点があった。
さらに、前述の境界が同じ位置にあるステータを積層すると、切断する際に、切断部が垂れ下がって下層の鋼板と導通する現象が生じて、渦電流が増加し、結果的に鉄損が増加するという問題点があった。
【0007】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
本発明は、前記のような従来技術の問題点を解決し、ヨークが周方向に分割されているステータの磁気抵抗と鉄損を低減し、また、ステータの強度を向上させることができる同期機を提供することを課題とする。
【0008】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明は、ヨークの分割箇所をティースの取り付け位置から周方向にオフセットさせることにより、積層したときにヨークの境界が重ならないようにし、また、前記境界および積層部を接着剤により固定することにより、磁気抵抗と鉄損を低減するとともに、ステータの強度を向上することができる同期機を提供するものであり、その要旨は特許請求の範囲に記載した通りの下記内容である。
【0009】
(1)ヨークとティースとを備えたステータを複数枚、厚さ方向に積層・固定して用いる同期機であって、前記ヨークが周方向に分割されており、かつ、該分割されたヨークの境界と前記ティースが設けられている径方向の中心軸とを10mm以下の範囲でオフセットさせることを特徴とする同期機。
(2)前記オフセットの方向が異なるステータを交互に積層することを特徴とする(1)に記載の同期機。
(3)ヨークとティースとを備えたステータを複数枚、厚さ方向に積層・固定して用いる同期機であって、該ヨークが周方向に分割されており、該分割されたヨークの境界および、該ヨークと前記ティースとの境界を接着剤にて固定した前記ステータの両面に接着剤を塗布して積層することを特徴とする同期機。
【0010】
【発明の実施の形態】
本発明の実施の形態を、図1乃至図6を用いて詳細に説明する。
<第1の実施形態>
図1は、本発明の第1の実施形態であるステータ(固定子)の構造を示す図である。
ステータは、外周部分のヨーク1と、コイルが巻き回されるティース2とから主に構成され、ヨーク1とティース2がロータの周囲に円周状に配置されている。
【0011】
ヨーク1は周方向に分割されており、かつ、該分割されたヨークの境界3をティース2が設けられている周方向の位置から10mm以内の範囲でオフセットさせており、図1中のδがオフセット量を示している。
分割されたヨークの境界3をティース2が設けられている周方向の位置から10mm以内の範囲でオフセットさせることにより、磁束がティース2から隣のティース2に流れる場合に、ティース2からヨーク4への境界4と、ヨーク4から隣のティース2への境界4の2つの境界しか通過しないので、従来に比べて通過する境界の数が1つ減少しており、その分、磁気抵抗と鉄損を低減することができる。
ここに、オフセット量を10mm以内としたのは、オフセット量を10mm超とすると、ヨークの境界3を通過する磁束が増加して、磁気抵抗の低減効果が少なくなるからである。
【0012】
また、ティース2からヨーク4に流れる磁束は、ティース2の付け根で2方向に分岐するので、本実施例のように、この分岐点にヨークの切れ目があった方が、磁束の流れがスムースである。
さらに、このヨーク1およびティース2は、方向性電磁鋼板(GO)とし、このヨーク1を構成する方向性電磁鋼板の磁化容易方向をステータの周方向(図1の矢印で示す中心方向)とし、ティース2の磁化容易方向をステータの径方向とすることにより、ティースを流れる磁束を隣接するティース2に流れにくくし、ロータ8に流れる磁束を多くすることができ、その結果、ステータにおける鉄損を低減することができる。
ここに、方向性電磁鋼板は、磁化容易方向が特定の方向である電磁鋼板であり、磁化容易方向については無方向性電磁鋼板より優れた磁気特性を有する。
【0013】
<第2の実施形態>
図2は、本発明の第2の実施形態であるステータ(固定子)の構造を示す図である。
ステータを構成するヨーク1およびティース2の構造は、第1の実施形態と同様であるが、ヨーク1の境界とティース2の径方向の中心軸とのオフセットの方向が異なるAパターンとBパターンを設けている。
Aパターンは、ヨーク1の境界がティース2の径方向の中心軸に対して図2の右方向にδだけオフセットしており、Bパターンは、右方向にδだけオフセットしている。
【0014】
このオフセットにより、ティース2とヨーク1との境界4の傾きは図2のように左右で異なっている。
すなわち、Aパターンでは、右側の境界の傾きθ2より、左側における境界の傾きθ1の方が大きくなっている。(θ1>θ2)
一方、Bパターンでは、右側の境界の傾きθ2より、左側における境界の傾きθ1の方が小さくなっている。(θ1<θ2)
このように、境界のパターンが異なるステータを、図3のように交互に積層すれば、他の部分に比べて機械的強度が小さい境界部が上下に重なり合う箇所を少なくすることができ、その結果、ステータの機械的強度を向上させることができる。
【0015】
また、境界部の重なりが少なくなることにより、積層したステータを切断する場合に、切断部の垂れ下がりによって、下層の鋼板との導電の発生を低減することができるので、渦電流の発生と、それに伴う鉄損の増加を抑制することができる。
なお、本実施形態では、AパターンとBパターンの2種類のパターンとしているが、3種以上のパターンとしてもよく、また、左右のオフセット量を異なる値としてもよい。
【0016】
<第3の実施形態>
図3は、本発明の第3の実施形態であるステータ(固定子)の構造を示す図である。
図3のように、境界の位置が異なるステータの両面に接着剤5を塗布して交互に積層することにより、比較的強度が小さい境界部が重なり合わないようにしてステータの機械的強度を向上させることができる。
なお、接着剤の種類は問わないが、接合作業効率を高めるために、乾燥しやすい瞬間接着剤を用いることが好ましい。
また、分割されたヨークの境界3および、ヨーク1とティース2との境界4を接着剤にて面支持により固定するので支持部の応力が分散されるので、従来のように溶接、カシメ、ボルト締めなどによる局所的な応力集中が発生せず、磁気抵抗の増加とそれに伴う鉄損の増加を抑制することができる。
【0017】
図4乃至図6は、本発明に用いる電磁鋼板の特性について示す図である。
図4は、方向性電磁鋼板の磁化容易方向の説明図である。
方向性電磁鋼板は圧延方向であるRD(Rolling Direction)が磁化容易方向となる。
【0018】
図5は、無方向性電磁鋼板の比透磁率(μ)の特性を示す図である。
無方向性電磁鋼板は、どの方向にも等しい磁気特性を有するが、方向性電磁鋼板および二方向性電磁鋼板に比べて比透磁率(μ)の値は低い。
図6は、方向性電磁鋼板の比透磁率(μ)の特性を示す図である。
方向性電磁鋼板は、圧延方向の比透磁率(μR)の値が大きく、その他の方向は無方向性電磁鋼板と同等である。
【0019】
【発明の効果】
本発明によれば、ヨークの分割箇所をティースの取り付け位置から周方向にオフセットさせることにより、積層したときにヨークの境界が重ならないようにし、また、前記境界および積層部を接着剤により固定することにより、磁気抵抗と鉄損を低減するとともに、ステータの強度を向上することができる同期機を提供できるなど、産業上有用な著しい効果を奏する。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】本発明の第1の実施形態であるステータ(固定子)の構造を示す図である。
【図2】本発明の第2の実施形態であるステータ(固定子)の構造を示す図である。
【図3】本発明の第3の実施形態であるステータ(固定子)の構造を示す図である。
【図4】方向性電磁鋼板の磁化容易方向の説明図である。
【図5】無方向性電磁鋼板の比透磁率(μ)の特性を示す図である。
【図6】方向性電磁鋼板の比透磁率(μ)の特性を示す図である。
【図7】従来の同期機の断面図である。
【図8】従来の同期機の断面図である。
【符号の説明】
1 :ヨーク、
2 : ティース、
3 : ヨークの境界、
4 :ティースとヨークとの境界、
5 :接着剤、
7 :ステータ(固定子)、
8 :ロータ(回転子)、
9 :永久磁石[0001]
TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a synchronous machine that uses a plurality of stators each including a yoke and teeth, which are stacked and fixed in a thickness direction. Specifically, the present invention relates to a permanent magnet synchronous machine using an electromagnetic steel sheet for a laminate disposed on a stator.
[0002]
[Prior art]
A permanent magnet synchronous machine is a synchronous machine in which a magnetic field generated by flowing an electric current through a stator (stator) acts on a permanent magnet embedded in a rotor (rotor) to rotate the rotor. As a motor with excellent controllability and environmental resistance, capable of high efficiency and high power factor operation, it is widely used in both industrial and consumer electronics fields. In this case, it is a synchronous motor that causes electric energy to flow through the synchronous machine to obtain a rotational driving force. Conversely, when the synchronous machine is rotated to extract electric energy from the synchronous machine, a synchronous generator is used. Become. Here, both are assumed to be a synchronous machine. Since the structures of the two are basically the same, in the following detailed description, an example of a synchronous motor will be mainly described.
[0003]
FIGS. 7 and 8 show a cross section of a conventional synchronous machine, in which a rotor 8 is arranged at the center of a stator 7 composed of a
A permanent magnet 9 is embedded in the rotor 8, and a magnetic field generated by flowing a three-phase alternating current through the stator 7 acts on the permanent magnet 9 to rotate the rotor 8.
Conventionally, a stator of a synchronous machine has been manufactured by laminating non-oriented electrical steel sheets (NO) in order to reduce iron loss.
As shown in FIG. 5, the non-oriented electrical steel sheet is a steel sheet having a uniform relative magnetic permeability in any direction on the surface of the steel sheet, and is widely used as a material having relatively small iron loss. Sufficient magnetic properties have not been obtained as a material for the stator of a synchronous machine that operates continuously for a long time.
[0004]
Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 7-67272 discloses a type of magnetic steel sheet used in a synchronous machine, which has a structure in which teeth and a yoke of a stator are divided, and the yoke has a directional magnetic steel sheet whose circumferential direction is an easy magnetization direction. A method for reducing iron loss by using a grain-oriented electrical steel sheet using GO) and using the radial direction as the direction of easy magnetization for the teeth is disclosed.
[0005]
However, in this conventional technique, as shown in FIG. 7, the yoke is divided in the circumferential direction, and the boundary of the divided yoke is located between the teeth.
Therefore, when a magnetic flux flows from a tooth to an adjacent tooth, the magnetic flux passes through three boundaries of a boundary between the tooth and the yoke, a boundary between the yokes, and a boundary between the yoke and the adjacent tooth.
[0006]
These boundaries and the laminated portions of the stators are joined by welding, caulking, or bolting. However, magnetic flux is not applied to these boundaries because they are not physically integrated and stress concentrates on the joints. There is a problem in that the magnetic resistance when passing through the portion increases, and the iron loss of the motor increases.
Further, when stators having the above-mentioned boundaries at the same position are stacked, a boundary portion having lower strength than at other portions is concentrated at one place, so that the strength of the stacked stators is reduced.
Furthermore, when stacking stators having the same boundary at the same position as described above, when cutting, a phenomenon occurs in which the cut portion hangs down and conducts to the lower steel sheet, eddy current increases, and as a result, iron loss increases There was a problem.
[0007]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention solves the above-described problems of the prior art, and reduces a magnetic resistance and iron loss of a stator in which a yoke is divided in a circumferential direction, and can improve the strength of the stator. The task is to provide
[0008]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
According to the present invention, by dividing the yoke dividing portion from the tooth attachment position in the circumferential direction, the boundaries of the yokes are prevented from overlapping when laminating, and the boundary and the laminated portion are fixed by an adhesive. The present invention provides a synchronous machine capable of reducing the magnetic resistance and the iron loss and improving the strength of the stator. The gist of the present invention is as described below.
[0009]
(1) A synchronous machine in which a plurality of stators each having a yoke and teeth are stacked and fixed in a thickness direction, wherein the yoke is divided in a circumferential direction, and the divided yoke is A synchronous machine characterized in that a boundary and a radial center axis where the teeth are provided are offset within a range of 10 mm or less.
(2) The synchronous machine according to (1), wherein stators having different offset directions are alternately stacked.
(3) A synchronous machine in which a plurality of stators each including a yoke and teeth are stacked and fixed in a thickness direction, wherein the yoke is divided in a circumferential direction, and a boundary between the divided yokes and A synchronous machine characterized in that an adhesive is applied on both surfaces of the stator in which a boundary between the yoke and the teeth is fixed with an adhesive, and the stator is laminated.
[0010]
BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
An embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to FIGS.
<First embodiment>
FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a structure of a stator (stator) according to a first embodiment of the present invention.
The stator mainly includes a
[0011]
The
By offsetting the
Here, the reason why the offset amount is within 10 mm is that if the offset amount exceeds 10 mm, the magnetic flux passing through the
[0012]
Further, since the magnetic flux flowing from the
Further, the
Here, the grain-oriented electrical steel sheet is an electrical steel sheet in which the direction of easy magnetization is a specific direction, and has a magnetic property superior to that of the non-oriented electrical steel sheet in the direction of easy magnetization.
[0013]
<Second embodiment>
FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating a structure of a stator (stator) according to a second embodiment of the present invention.
The structures of the
In the pattern A, the boundary of the
[0014]
Due to this offset, the inclination of the boundary 4 between the
That is, in the pattern A, the inclination θ1 of the boundary on the left side is larger than the inclination θ2 of the boundary on the right side. (Θ1> θ2)
On the other hand, in the B pattern, the inclination θ1 of the boundary on the left side is smaller than the inclination θ2 of the boundary on the right side. (Θ1 <θ2)
As described above, if the stators having different boundary patterns are alternately stacked as shown in FIG. 3, it is possible to reduce the number of portions where the boundary portions having lower mechanical strengths overlap vertically than other portions, and as a result, In addition, the mechanical strength of the stator can be improved.
[0015]
Also, by reducing the overlap of the boundary portions, when cutting the laminated stator, it is possible to reduce the occurrence of conduction with the lower steel plate by dripping of the cut portion, so that the generation of eddy current and the The accompanying increase in iron loss can be suppressed.
In the present embodiment, two types of patterns, the A pattern and the B pattern, are used. However, three or more types of patterns may be used, and the left and right offset amounts may be different values.
[0016]
<Third embodiment>
FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating a structure of a stator (stator) according to a third embodiment of the present invention.
As shown in FIG. 3, the adhesive 5 is applied to both surfaces of the stator having different boundary positions and alternately laminated, so that the relatively low-strength boundaries do not overlap, thereby improving the mechanical strength of the stator. Can be done.
Although the type of the adhesive is not limited, it is preferable to use an instantaneous adhesive that is easy to dry in order to increase the joining work efficiency.
Also, since the
[0017]
4 to 6 are diagrams showing characteristics of the electromagnetic steel sheet used in the present invention.
FIG. 4 is an explanatory diagram of the direction of easy magnetization of the grain-oriented electrical steel sheet.
In the grain-oriented electrical steel sheet, RD (Rolling Direction), which is the rolling direction, is the direction of easy magnetization.
[0018]
FIG. 5 is a diagram showing characteristics of the relative magnetic permeability (μ) of the non-oriented electrical steel sheet.
The non-oriented electrical steel sheet has the same magnetic properties in any direction, but has a lower relative magnetic permeability (μ) than the grain-oriented electrical steel sheet and the bidirectional electrical steel sheet.
FIG. 6 is a diagram showing characteristics of the relative magnetic permeability (μ) of the grain-oriented electrical steel sheet.
The grain-oriented electrical steel sheet has a large value of the relative magnetic permeability (μ R ) in the rolling direction, and the other directions are equivalent to the non-oriented electrical steel sheet.
[0019]
【The invention's effect】
ADVANTAGE OF THE INVENTION According to this invention, the division | segmentation part of a yoke is offset from the attachment position of a tooth in the circumferential direction, so that the boundary of a yoke does not overlap at the time of lamination, and the said boundary and a laminated part are fixed with an adhesive. As a result, it is possible to provide a synchronous machine that can reduce the magnetic resistance and the iron loss and improve the strength of the stator.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a structure of a stator (stator) according to a first embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a view illustrating a structure of a stator (stator) according to a second embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a diagram showing a structure of a stator (stator) according to a third embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 4 is an explanatory diagram of an easy magnetization direction of a grain-oriented electrical steel sheet.
FIG. 5 is a diagram showing characteristics of relative magnetic permeability (μ) of a non-oriented electrical steel sheet.
FIG. 6 is a diagram showing characteristics of relative magnetic permeability (μ) of a grain-oriented electrical steel sheet.
FIG. 7 is a sectional view of a conventional synchronous machine.
FIG. 8 is a sectional view of a conventional synchronous machine.
[Explanation of symbols]
1: York,
2: Teeth,
3: Border of York,
4: The boundary between the teeth and the yoke,
5: adhesive,
7: Stator (stator),
8: rotor (rotor),
9: Permanent magnet
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