JP2004043964A - Chromium-containing steel for automobile superior in intergranular corrosion resistance at weld zone - Google Patents

Chromium-containing steel for automobile superior in intergranular corrosion resistance at weld zone Download PDF

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JP2004043964A
JP2004043964A JP2003135759A JP2003135759A JP2004043964A JP 2004043964 A JP2004043964 A JP 2004043964A JP 2003135759 A JP2003135759 A JP 2003135759A JP 2003135759 A JP2003135759 A JP 2003135759A JP 2004043964 A JP2004043964 A JP 2004043964A
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chromium
steel
corrosion resistance
less
intergranular corrosion
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JP4286055B2 (en
Inventor
Yoshiharu Inoue
井上 宜治
Hidetaka Kimura
木村 英隆
Masayuki Tento
天藤 雅之
Masao Kikuchi
菊池 正夫
Satoshi Akamatsu
赤松 聡
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Nippon Steel Corp
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Nippon Steel Corp
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Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a chromium-containing steel for automobiles superior in intergranular corrosion resistance at weld zone and hole expandability, suitable for an automotive structure, particularly most suitable for a suspension member. <P>SOLUTION: This chromium-containing steel comprises, by mass%, 0.03% or less C, 0.02% or less N, 1% or less Si, 2% or less Mn, 0.02% or less P, 0.03% or less S, 7-15% Cr, 0.2-4.4% Ni, further one or two elements of 2×(C%+N%)-20×(C%+N%) Ti and 4×(C%+N%)-20×(C%+N%) Nb, and the balance Fe with unavoidable impurities, wherein each content of the elements satisfies 18×Cr% + 35×Si% + 15×Mo% + 100×Ti% + 50×Nb% -20×Mn% -40×Ni% -30×Cu% -540×C% - 460×N% ≤ 220%, and 420×C% + 470×N% + 23×Ni% + 9×Cu% + 7×Mn% -11.5×Cr% -11.5×Si% -12×Mo% + 189≥ 80%. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2004,JPO

Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、自動車の構造材料、特に足廻り部品などに使用される耐食性、特に溶接部の耐粒界腐食性および穴広げ性に優れた自動車用クロム含有鋼に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
近年の自動車産業においては、省エネルギー化や地球環境汚染防止のために車体軽量化により燃費を向上させることが求められているため、あらゆる部材について軽量化を図ろうとしている。
【0003】
自動車の足廻り部材についても同様の検討が進められている。足廻り部材は錆びやすい環境に置かれるため、高強度に加えて高耐食性が要求される。そのため、必要強度を満たす以上の板厚の鋼材を使用して耐食性の要求水準を満たすことが行われている。したがって、材料の耐食性を向上させることにより板厚を減少させることができ、軽量化が達成できる。例えば特許文献1において、Cu,P,Moを添加することによって、ベイナイト基本とした組織を有する高耐食性鋼板が開示されている。
高耐食性を示す鋼板としては、SUS304に代表されるステンレス鋼板があるが、Cr,Ni等の合金元素を多量に含有するため高価であり、足廻り部材への適用はコスト的に難しい。これに対し、鋼中のクロム含有量が低く、かつニッケル含有量が低いクロム含有鋼は、普通鋼に比べて高耐食性を示し、また合金元素含有量が少ないためSUS304に比べて低コストである。
【0004】
このようなニッケル含有量が低いクロム含有鋼として、特許文献2には、溶接性と加工性に優れた構造用マルテンサイト系ステンレス鋼が開示されている。しかしこの成分系では、溶接熱影響部の耐食性が充分でなく、塗装を必要としていた。
さらに特許文献3には、V添加による溶接熱影響部の耐食性を改善した自動車足回り用クロム含有鋼が開示されている。しかしこの鋼では、一般腐食に対する耐食性は優れているものの、自動車足回り部品に適用する際に、より重要である溶接部の粒界腐食に対する耐食性が不十分であった。
また、自動車の足廻り材料は、穴広げを伴う加工が行われることが多く、穴広げ性も必要である。しかし、従来のCr含有鋼は穴広げ性が充分でなく、この点も改善の余地が残されていた。
【0005】
【特許文献1】
特開平7−76756号公報
【特許文献2】
特開昭55−21566号公報
【特許文献3】
特開2000−121652号公報
【0006】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
本発明は、自動車の軽量化に貢献する自動車足廻り用部材として用いられる低コストかつ耐食性、特に耐粒界腐食性に優れ、また穴広げ性にも優れた自動車用クロム鋼含有鋼を提供することを課題とする。
【0007】
【課題を解決するための手段】
発明者らは、上記課題の解決のために、クロム含有鋼の耐粒界腐食性に関して鋭意検討を行った。
クロム含有鋼は、その成分組成によってフェライト組織あるいはマルテンサイト組織を有するが、一般的にフェライト系あるいはマルテンサイト系ステンレス鋼は溶接部の耐食性に劣る。この場合、一般腐食より粒界腐食の方が問題となる。
【0008】
溶接部およびその近傍での粒界腐食の発生を防止するには、粒界腐食の発生原因となる炭素および窒素を安定化するTiおよび/またはNbを添加することによって達成することができる。しかし、炭素および窒素を安定化すると溶接熱影響部の靭性が低下する傾向が見られる。これは溶接熱影響部のマルテンサイト相の量および強度が低下することによるものと考えている。
【0009】
発明者らは、耐粒界腐食性を高めるために、Ti、Nbを添加し、かつ、溶接熱影響部の靭性をなるべく低下させないよう検討した結果、下記(1)および  (2)式を満足することにより、目的を達成でき、さらに穴広げ性にも優れることを見出した。

Figure 2004043964
【0010】
本発明は、かかる知見に基づいて完成されたものであって、その要旨とするところは以下の通りである。
(a)質量%で、
C :0.03%以下、  N :0.02%以下、
Si:1%以下、     Mn:2%以下、
P :0.02%以下、  S :0.03%以下、
Cr:7〜15%、    Ni:0.2〜3.4%
を含有し、さらに、
Ti:2×(C%+N%)〜20×(C%+N%)、
Nb:4×(C%+N%)〜20×(C%+N%)
の1種または2種を含有し、残部がFeおよび不可避不純物からなり、かつ、各元素の含有量が下記(1)式および(2)式を満足することを特徴とする溶接部の耐粒界腐食性に優れた自動車用クロム含有鋼。
Figure 2004043964
(b)質量%でさらに、Mo:0.1〜5%、Cu:0.1〜4%の1種または2種を含有することを特徴とする、上記(a)に記載の溶接部の耐粒界腐食性に優れた自動車用クロム含有鋼。
(c)質量%でさらに、Mg:0.0005〜0.01%を含有することを特徴とする、上記(a)または(b)に記載の溶接部の耐粒界腐食性に優れた自動車用クロム含有鋼。
(d)穴広げ率が90%以上であることを特徴とする上記(a)〜(c)のいずれか1項に記載の自動車用クロム含有鋼。
ただし、λ=100×(d−d0 )/d0 
ここで、d0 [mm]は穴広げ前の穴径であり、d[mm]は穴広げ後の穴径である。
【0011】
【発明の実施の形態】
本発明についてさらに詳細に説明する。先ず、成分の限定理由を説明する。
Cは、溶接部のマルテンサイト組織の靭性を低下すると共に、耐粒界腐食性の低下原因となるため、その含有量は0.03%以下とする。また、Cの含有量を0.001%未満にするには製鋼コストが増加するため、0.001%を下限とすることが好ましい。
【0012】
Nは、窒化物として析出し耐粒界腐食性を劣化させるため、その含有量は0.02%以下とする。また、Nの含有量を0.005%未満にするには製鋼コストが増加するため、0.005%を下限とすることが好ましい。
【0013】
Siは、通常は脱酸材として用いられる元素であり、また耐酸化性を向上させる目的で積極的に添加される場合もあるが、その含有量が1%を超えると材料の製造性を劣化させるため、その含有量は1%以下にする必要がある。また、Siの含有量を0.05%未満にするには製鋼コストが増加するため、0.05%を下限とすることが好ましい。
【0014】
Mnは、鋼材の耐食性を劣化させる硫化物系介在物を形成し、材料の耐食性を劣化させるので、その含有量は2%以下にする必要がある。また、Mnの含有量を0.05%未満にするには製鋼コストが増加するため、0.05%を下限とすることが好ましい。
【0015】
Pは、粒界偏析しやすい元素であり、鋼材の熱間加工性を劣化させるため、その含有量の上限は0.02%にする必要がある。また、Pの含有量を0.001%未満にするには製鋼コストが増加するため、0.001%を下限とすることが好ましい。
【0016】
Sは、硫化物系介在物を形成し、鋼材の耐食性を劣化させる元素であり、その含有量の上限は0.03%にする必要がある。また、Sの含有量を0.01%未満にするには製鋼コストが増加するため、0.01%を下限とすることが好ましい。
【0017】
Crは、耐食性の向上に不可欠な元素であり、その含有量は少なくとも7%以上必要となる。一方、その含有量が15%を超えると、溶接部でのマルテンサイト組織を得にくくなることから、7〜15%の添加とする。
【0018】
Niは、耐食性の向上および溶接部のマルテンサイトを形成し、溶接部靭性向上に不可欠な元素であり、その含有量は少なくとも0.2%以上必要となる。ただし、その含有量が3.4%を超えると溶接部でのマルテンサイトの生成量が著しく増加するため、0.2〜3.4%の含有とする。
【0019】
TiとNbは、溶接部での耐粒界腐食性の防止に不可欠な元素であり、さらには穴広げ性の向上にも有効であり、一方もしくは両方を添加する。
Tiの含有量は、CとNの含有量の和に対して、少なくとも2倍の含有量が必要となるが、一方で20倍を超えて添加しても耐粒界腐食性の改善効果は飽和し、加工性など他の特性を劣化させる原因になる。したがって、Tiの含有量は2×(C%+N%)〜20×(C%+N%)の範囲とする。
【0020】
Nbの含有量は、CとNの含有量の和に対して、少なくとも4倍の含有量が必要となるが、一方で20倍を超えて添加しても耐粒界腐食性の改善効果は飽和し、加工性など他の特性を劣化させる原因になる。したがって、Nbの含有量は4×(C%+N%)〜20×(C%+N%)の範囲とする。
【0021】
さらに、以上の成分濃度範囲に加えて下記(1)式を満足するように成分濃度を規定する。かかる規定によって溶接部の粒界腐食性に優れたクロム含有鋼を得ることができる。
Figure 2004043964
【0022】
加えて、下記(2)式を満足するように成分濃度を規定する。かかる規定によって、熱延工程で組織の微細化が達成でき、自動車構造用部材、特に足廻り部材として充分な強度(TS:400MPa以上)を確保できることのみならず、溶接部の粒界腐食性に優れたクロム含有鋼を得ることができる。
Figure 2004043964
【0023】
以上説明したクロム含有鋼は、溶接部の耐粒界腐食性に優れるが、さらにpHの低い溶液中での耐食性を向上させるには、鋼中へのMoあるいはCuの添加が有効に働く。
【0024】
Mo,Cuとも耐食性を向上させるには、少なくともそれぞれ0.1%以上添加することが好ましいが、Moは5%、Cuは4%を超えて添加すると、耐食性の向上効果が飽和し加工性などを劣化させる原因となることから、Moは5%、Cuは4%をその上限とすることが好ましい。
【0025】
Mgは、結晶粒径の微細化に伴う低温靭性の改善に極めて有効であり、少なくとも0.0005%以上の添加でその効果がある。一方0.01%を超えて添加すると、介在物の粗大化により逆に靭性を低下させる。
【0026】
なお、式(1)、(2)において、C%、N%、Si%、Mn%、Cr%、Ni%、Ti%、Nb%、Mo%、Cu%は、それぞれ、質量%で表したC、N、Si、Mn、Cr、Ni、Ti、Nb、Mo、Cuの含有量である。
式(1)、(2)において、選択的に添加されるTi、Nb、Mo、Cuの含有量が検出限界未満である場合には、Ti%、Nb%、Mo%、Cu%は0%として計算する。
【0027】
上述してきたような本発明のクロム含有鋼は、優れた耐食性を有し、さらに従来のクロム含有鋼より優れた穴広げ性を有する。自動車足回り部品の成形は、穴広げ加工、伸びフランジ加工を伴うことが多く、穴広げ性は高い方が好ましいが、従来のクロム含有鋼では充分ではなく、SUS410では穴広げ率が60〜80%程度であった。
本発明のクロム含有鋼は、穴広げ率が従来のクロム含有鋼よりも著しく向上している。この原因として、Ti,Nbの1種または2種以上の添加により鋼中のクロム炭窒化物が減少し、極限変形能が向上した可能性が考えられる。
【0028】
本発明の鋼は、自動車足回り部品に適用するものであり、穴広げ率λ[%]は90%以上であることが好ましい。さらに好ましい穴広げ率λ[%]の下限は、100%以上である。穴広げ率λ[%]の上限は規定しないが、150%を超えることは技術的に困難である。
穴広げ性は代表的には穴広げ試験で評価できる。穴広げ試験は、機械加工、剪断加工などにより形成した穴を、円錐形または円筒形のポンチを押し込むことによって広げ、穴に亀裂が生じた際に停止し、穴径の変化率として穴広げ率を求める試験である。穴広げ率は、機械加工、剪断加工などにより形成した穴の径、すなわち穴広げ前の穴径d0 [mm]に対する、穴広げ後の穴径d[mm]の変化として下記のように計算する。
λ=100×(d−d0 )/d0 
【0029】
なお、本発明のクロム含有鋼は構造材料として低コストであることが求められるため、最終製品は専ら熱延焼鈍材である。しかしながら、冷延焼鈍材においても同等の性能を有することは言うまでもない。さらには造管し、電縫管、溶接鋼管として使用しても良い。溶接はレーザー溶接、アーク溶接のいずれでも良く、溶接材料は共金系のもの使用すれば良い。溶接材料を用いなくても構わない。
【0030】
本発明のクロム含有鋼の製造方法は特に限定せず、一般的なステンレス鋼等のクロム含有鋼の製造方法を用いることができる。一例を示すと、転炉または電炉等で溶解し、鋳造した鋳塊または鋳片を、所定の温度に加熱し、熱延を行い、所望の板厚の熱延板にし、この熱延板を必要に応じて600〜1000℃での焼鈍を行った後、そのまま、または酸洗して使用に供する。あるいは、さらに冷延した後、600〜1000℃での焼鈍を行い、そのまま、または酸洗して使用に供する。
【0031】
【実施例】
(実施例1)
表1は、本発明鋼及び比較鋼の鋼中成分において、板厚は4mmの試験材からJIS13号B試験片を圧延方向に並行に採取して引張試験を行うと共に、試験材をMIG溶接した試験片の、粒界腐食試験結果を示したものである。溶接材料は共金系を用い、電圧20〜30V、電流:150〜250A、シールドガス:CO2 の条件で行った。
【0032】
粒界腐食試験としては、基本的にJISに規格された硫酸−硫酸銅試験(JIS G 0575)を用いたが、鋼中のクロム含有量が低い(12%以下)ものは腐食性が厳しすぎるため、硫酸濃度を0.5%まで低減した溶液中で試験を行った。硫酸濃度を低減した以外はJISに準拠して試験を行った。
表1に示したように、本発明鋼は自動車構造用部材として充分な強度を持つと共に、優れた溶接部の耐粒界腐食性を有している。
【0033】
(実施例2)
表2に示した本発明鋼及び比較鋼の成分を高周波溶解炉で50kg鋼塊に溶製、鋳造した後、鋼塊を1150〜1250℃に加熱し、熱延開始温度が1150〜1250℃、熱延終了温度が800〜1000℃、巻取り温度が600〜800℃という条件で熱延し、板厚5mmの鋼板とした。さらに600〜1000℃で焼鈍を行い、酸洗で脱スケールを行って供試材とした。
得られた鋼板からJIS Z 2201に準拠してJIS13号B試験片を圧延方向に並行に採取して、JIS Z 2241に準拠して引張試験を行った。また、試験材をMIG溶接した試験片を作製した。溶接は共金系の溶接材料を用い、電圧は20〜30V、電流は150〜250Aとし、シールドガスとしてCO2 を用いて行った。
【0034】
この試験材から、溶接方向に垂直な方向を長手とし、溶接熱影響部にノッチを入れたシャルピ−試験片を採取した。シャルピ−試験はJIS Z 2202に準拠して、5mm厚サブサイズVノッチ試験片を採取し、JIS Z 2242に準拠して、試験温度20℃で行い、吸収エネルギーを求めて評価した。
【0035】
また、溶接熱影響部から粒界腐食試験片を採取し、粒界腐食試験を行った。粒界腐食試験は、基本的にJIS G 0575に準拠した硫酸−硫酸銅試験としたが、鋼中のクロム含有量が12%以下の鋼に適用するには腐食条件が厳しすぎるため、硫酸濃度を0.5%まで低減した溶液中で試験を行った。硫酸濃度を低減した以外はJISに準拠して試験を行い、試験結果は目視による粒界腐食割れの有無で評価した。
【0036】
さらに、穴広げ試験を以下のようにして行った。まず、80mm角に大きさに切断した試験材の中心に、直径10mmのポンチを用いて打ち抜き加工により穴を形成して穴径を測定し、穴広げ前の穴径d0 [mm]を求めた。次に、60°の円錐ポンチによって穴の端面に亀裂が生じるまで穴広げを行い、亀裂が生じた際の穴径を測定し、穴広げ後の穴径d[mm]を求めた。穴広げ率λ[%]は下記の式によって評価した。
λ=100×(d−d0 )/d0 
【0037】
表3に結果を示すが、A鋼からE鋼まではTi量を変えた例であり、Tiを添加しないと粒界腐食割れを生じるが、Ti添加による粒界割れが抑制される。穴広げ性もTi添加により向上している。しかし、Ti量の多いE鋼では、穴広げ性が劣化している。その他、F鋼からM鋼までの本発明鋼は自動車構造用部材として充分な強度および溶接熱影響部の靭性を有するとともに、溶接部の耐粒界腐食性および穴広げ性も優れている。これに対して、N鋼からR鋼までの比較鋼では、靭性、耐粒界腐食性、穴広げ性のいずれかが不十分である。
【0038】
【表1】
Figure 2004043964
【0039】
【表2】
Figure 2004043964
【0040】
【表3】
Figure 2004043964
【0041】
【発明の効果】
以上示したように、本発明は必要以上に高価元素を含有することなく、自動車構造用、特に足廻り用として使用できる、溶接部の耐粒界腐食性および穴広げ性に優れたクロム含有鋼を提供でき、産業上極めて価値の高い発明である。[0001]
TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a chromium-containing steel for automobiles, which is excellent in corrosion resistance used for structural materials of automobiles, especially for underbody parts, and particularly excellent in intergranular corrosion resistance and hole expanding property of welds.
[0002]
[Prior art]
In the automobile industry in recent years, since it is required to improve fuel efficiency by reducing the weight of a vehicle body in order to save energy and prevent pollution of the global environment, all members are being reduced in weight.
[0003]
Similar studies are underway for vehicle suspension members. Since the undercarriage member is placed in a rust-prone environment, high corrosion resistance is required in addition to high strength. Therefore, it has been practiced to use a steel material having a thickness greater than the required strength to satisfy the required level of corrosion resistance. Therefore, the plate thickness can be reduced by improving the corrosion resistance of the material, and the weight can be reduced. For example, Patent Document 1 discloses a highly corrosion-resistant steel sheet having a bainite-based structure by adding Cu, P, and Mo.
As a steel sheet exhibiting high corrosion resistance, there is a stainless steel sheet represented by SUS304, but it is expensive because it contains a large amount of alloy elements such as Cr and Ni, and it is difficult to apply to a suspension member in terms of cost. On the other hand, a chromium-containing steel having a low chromium content in a steel and having a low nickel content shows higher corrosion resistance than ordinary steel, and is lower in cost than SUS304 because of a lower alloy element content. .
[0004]
As such a chromium-containing steel having a low nickel content, Patent Document 2 discloses a structural martensitic stainless steel excellent in weldability and workability. However, with this component system, the corrosion resistance of the heat affected zone was not sufficient, and coating was required.
Further, Patent Document 3 discloses a chromium-containing steel for automobile underbody in which the corrosion resistance of a weld heat affected zone by the addition of V is improved. However, although this steel has excellent corrosion resistance to general corrosion, it has insufficient corrosion resistance to grain boundary corrosion of a welded portion, which is more important when applied to underbody parts of automobiles.
In addition, materials for undercarriage of automobiles are often processed with hole expansion, and hole expansion properties are also required. However, the conventional Cr-containing steel has insufficient hole expanding properties, and there is still room for improvement in this respect.
[0005]
[Patent Document 1]
JP-A-7-76756 [Patent Document 2]
Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 55-21566 [Patent Document 3]
JP 2000-121652 A
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
The present invention provides a chromium-containing steel for automobiles having low cost and excellent corrosion resistance, particularly excellent intergranular corrosion resistance, and also excellent hole opening properties, which is used as a vehicle undercarriage member contributing to weight reduction of automobiles. That is the task.
[0007]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, the inventors have intensively studied the intergranular corrosion resistance of chromium-containing steel.
A chromium-containing steel has a ferrite structure or a martensite structure depending on its component composition, but generally, a ferritic or martensitic stainless steel is inferior in corrosion resistance of a weld. In this case, intergranular corrosion is more problematic than general corrosion.
[0008]
Prevention of intergranular corrosion at and around the weld can be achieved by adding Ti and / or Nb that stabilizes carbon and nitrogen that cause intergranular corrosion. However, when carbon and nitrogen are stabilized, the toughness of the heat affected zone tends to decrease. This is thought to be due to the decrease in the amount and strength of the martensite phase in the weld heat affected zone.
[0009]
The inventors have added Ti and Nb in order to increase the intergranular corrosion resistance, and studied to minimize the toughness of the heat affected zone by welding. As a result, the following formulas (1) and (2) were satisfied. By doing so, it has been found that the object can be achieved, and the hole expanding property is also excellent.
Figure 2004043964
[0010]
The present invention has been completed based on such findings, and the gist thereof is as follows.
(A) In mass%,
C: 0.03% or less, N: 0.02% or less,
Si: 1% or less, Mn: 2% or less,
P: 0.02% or less, S: 0.03% or less,
Cr: 7 to 15%, Ni: 0.2 to 3.4%
Containing, further,
Ti: 2 × (C% + N%) to 20 × (C% + N%),
Nb: 4 × (C% + N%) to 20 × (C% + N%)
Characterized in that the content of each element satisfies the following formulas (1) and (2), with the balance being Fe or unavoidable impurities, and Chromium-containing steel for automobiles with excellent interfacial corrosion.
Figure 2004043964
(B) The welded portion according to (a), further comprising one or two types of Mo: 0.1 to 5% and Cu: 0.1 to 4% by mass%. Automotive chromium-containing steel with excellent intergranular corrosion resistance.
(C) An automobile excellent in intergranular corrosion resistance of a welded portion according to the above (a) or (b), further containing 0.0005 to 0.01% of Mg by mass%. For chromium-containing steel.
(D) The chromium-containing steel for automobiles according to any one of the above (a) to (c), wherein the hole expansion ratio is 90% or more.
Where λ = 100 × (d−d 0 ) / d 0
Here, d 0 [mm] is the hole diameter before the hole expansion, and d [mm] is the hole diameter after the hole expansion.
[0011]
BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
The present invention will be described in more detail. First, the reasons for limiting the components will be described.
C reduces the toughness of the martensitic structure of the welded portion and causes a decrease in the intergranular corrosion resistance. Therefore, the content of C is set to 0.03% or less. Further, if the content of C is less than 0.001%, steelmaking cost increases, so that the lower limit is preferably 0.001%.
[0012]
Since N precipitates as nitride and deteriorates intergranular corrosion resistance, its content is set to 0.02% or less. Further, if the content of N is less than 0.005%, steelmaking cost increases, so that the lower limit is preferably 0.005%.
[0013]
Si is an element usually used as a deoxidizing material, and may be positively added for the purpose of improving oxidation resistance. However, if the content exceeds 1%, the productivity of the material is deteriorated. Therefore, its content must be 1% or less. Further, if the content of Si is less than 0.05%, steelmaking cost increases, so the lower limit is preferably 0.05%.
[0014]
Mn forms sulfide-based inclusions that degrade the corrosion resistance of steel materials and degrades the corrosion resistance of the material. Therefore, the content of Mn must be 2% or less. Further, if the content of Mn is less than 0.05%, steelmaking cost increases, so that the lower limit is preferably 0.05%.
[0015]
P is an element that is easily segregated at the grain boundaries and degrades the hot workability of the steel material. Therefore, the upper limit of the content of P must be 0.02%. Further, if the content of P is less than 0.001%, the cost of steelmaking increases, so the lower limit is preferably 0.001%.
[0016]
S is an element that forms sulfide-based inclusions and degrades the corrosion resistance of the steel material. The upper limit of the content of S must be 0.03%. Further, if the content of S is less than 0.01%, steelmaking cost increases, so the lower limit is preferably 0.01%.
[0017]
Cr is an element indispensable for improving corrosion resistance, and its content is required to be at least 7% or more. On the other hand, if the content exceeds 15%, it becomes difficult to obtain a martensite structure in the welded portion.
[0018]
Ni is an element that is indispensable for improving corrosion resistance and forming martensite in a welded portion and improving welded toughness, and its content is required to be at least 0.2% or more. However, when the content exceeds 3.4%, the amount of martensite generated in the welded portion is significantly increased, so that the content is 0.2 to 3.4%.
[0019]
Ti and Nb are elements indispensable for preventing intergranular corrosion resistance in a welded portion, and are also effective in improving hole expanding properties. One or both of them are added.
The content of Ti is required to be at least twice as much as the sum of the contents of C and N. On the other hand, even if added more than 20 times, the effect of improving intergranular corrosion resistance is not improved. Saturation causes deterioration of other characteristics such as workability. Therefore, the content of Ti is set in the range of 2 × (C% + N%) to 20 × (C% + N%).
[0020]
The content of Nb is required to be at least four times as much as the sum of the contents of C and N. On the other hand, the effect of improving the intergranular corrosion resistance does not increase even if added over 20 times. Saturation causes deterioration of other characteristics such as workability. Therefore, the content of Nb is in the range of 4 × (C% + N%) to 20 × (C% + N%).
[0021]
Further, in addition to the above component concentration range, the component concentration is defined so as to satisfy the following expression (1). By such a rule, a chromium-containing steel excellent in intergranular corrosion of a weld can be obtained.
Figure 2004043964
[0022]
In addition, the component concentration is defined so as to satisfy the following expression (2). According to such a rule, the structure can be refined in the hot-rolling process, and not only a sufficient strength (TS: 400 MPa or more) can be ensured as a member for an automobile structure, particularly a suspension member, but also the intergranular corrosion of the welded portion can be improved. Excellent chromium-containing steel can be obtained.
Figure 2004043964
[0023]
The chromium-containing steel described above is excellent in the intergranular corrosion resistance of the welded portion. However, in order to further improve the corrosion resistance in a solution having a low pH, the addition of Mo or Cu to the steel works effectively.
[0024]
In order to improve the corrosion resistance of both Mo and Cu, it is preferable to add at least 0.1% or more, respectively. It is preferable that the upper limit of Mo is 5% and the upper limit of Cu is 4%, since this may cause deterioration of Mo.
[0025]
Mg is extremely effective in improving the low-temperature toughness due to the refinement of the crystal grain size, and the effect is at least 0.0005% or more. On the other hand, if it exceeds 0.01%, the toughness is reduced due to the coarsening of inclusions.
[0026]
In the formulas (1) and (2), C%, N%, Si%, Mn%, Cr%, Ni%, Ti%, Nb%, Mo%, and Cu% are each represented by mass%. These are the contents of C, N, Si, Mn, Cr, Ni, Ti, Nb, Mo, and Cu.
In the formulas (1) and (2), when the contents of Ti, Nb, Mo, and Cu that are selectively added are less than the detection limit, Ti%, Nb%, Mo%, and Cu% are 0%. Is calculated as
[0027]
The chromium-containing steel of the present invention as described above has excellent corrosion resistance, and also has better hole expanding properties than conventional chromium-containing steel. The forming of automobile undercarriage parts often involves hole-expanding and stretch-flanging, and it is preferable that hole-expanding properties be high. However, conventional chromium-containing steel is not sufficient, and SUS410 has a hole-expanding ratio of 60 to 80. %.
The chromium-containing steel of the present invention has a significantly larger hole expansion ratio than the conventional chromium-containing steel. It is conceivable that the reason for this may be that the addition of one or more of Ti and Nb reduced the chromium carbonitride in the steel and improved the ultimate deformability.
[0028]
The steel of the present invention is applied to underbody parts of automobiles, and preferably has a hole expansion ratio λ [%] of 90% or more. A more preferable lower limit of the hole expansion ratio λ [%] is 100% or more. Although the upper limit of the hole expansion ratio λ [%] is not specified, it is technically difficult to exceed 150%.
The hole expanding property can be typically evaluated by a hole expanding test. The hole expansion test expands a hole formed by machining, shearing, etc. by pushing a conical or cylindrical punch, stops when a crack is generated in the hole, and changes the hole diameter as the rate of change in hole diameter. It is a test that asks for. The hole expansion ratio is calculated as follows as a change in the hole diameter d [mm] after hole expansion with respect to the diameter of the hole formed by machining, shearing, or the like, that is, the hole diameter d 0 [mm] before hole expansion. I do.
λ = 100 × (d−d 0 ) / d 0
[0029]
In addition, since the chromium-containing steel of the present invention is required to be low-cost as a structural material, the final product is exclusively a hot-rolled annealed material. However, it goes without saying that the cold-rolled annealed material has the same performance. Further, the pipe may be formed and used as an electric resistance welded pipe or a welded steel pipe. Laser welding or arc welding may be used for welding, and a common metal-based welding material may be used. It is not necessary to use a welding material.
[0030]
The method for producing the chromium-containing steel of the present invention is not particularly limited, and a general method for producing chromium-containing steel such as stainless steel can be used. As an example, melted in a converter or electric furnace, etc., the cast ingot or slab is heated to a predetermined temperature, hot-rolled, to a hot-rolled sheet of a desired thickness, this hot-rolled sheet If necessary, after annealing at 600 to 1000 ° C., it is used as it is or after pickling. Alternatively, after further cold rolling, annealing at 600 to 1000 ° C. is performed, and the product is used as it is or after being pickled.
[0031]
【Example】
(Example 1)
Table 1 shows that, in the steel components of the present invention steel and the comparative steel, a JIS No. 13 B test piece was sampled in parallel with the rolling direction from a test material having a thickness of 4 mm in a rolling direction, and a tensile test was performed, and the test material was MIG welded. 3 shows the results of a grain boundary corrosion test of a test piece. The welding was performed using a common metal system under the conditions of a voltage of 20 to 30 V, a current of 150 to 250 A, and a shielding gas of CO 2 .
[0032]
As the intergranular corrosion test, a sulfuric acid-copper sulfate test (JIS G 0575) basically specified in JIS was used, but a steel having a low chromium content (12% or less) in steel has too severe aggressiveness. Therefore, the test was performed in a solution in which the concentration of sulfuric acid was reduced to 0.5%. The test was performed according to JIS except that the sulfuric acid concentration was reduced.
As shown in Table 1, the steel of the present invention has sufficient strength as a structural member for automobiles, and also has excellent intergranular corrosion resistance of a welded portion.
[0033]
(Example 2)
After melting and casting the components of the steel of the present invention and the comparative steel shown in Table 2 into a 50 kg steel ingot in a high-frequency melting furnace, the steel ingot was heated to 1150 to 1250 ° C., and the hot rolling start temperature was 1150 to 1250 ° C. Hot rolling was performed under the conditions of a hot rolling end temperature of 800 to 1000 ° C and a winding temperature of 600 to 800 ° C to obtain a steel sheet having a thickness of 5 mm. Further, annealing was performed at 600 to 1000 ° C., and descaling was performed by pickling to obtain a test material.
A JIS No. 13 B test piece was sampled in parallel with the rolling direction from the obtained steel sheet according to JIS Z 2201, and a tensile test was performed according to JIS Z 2241. Further, a test piece was prepared by MIG welding the test material. Welding was performed using a common metal welding material, a voltage of 20 to 30 V, a current of 150 to 250 A, and CO 2 as a shielding gas.
[0034]
From this test material, a Charpy test piece having a notch in the weld heat affected zone with a direction perpendicular to the welding direction as a longitudinal direction was sampled. The Charpy test was carried out at a test temperature of 20 ° C. in accordance with JIS Z 2202 by taking a 5 mm thick subsize V-notch test piece in accordance with JIS Z 2202, and evaluating the absorption energy.
[0035]
In addition, intergranular corrosion test specimens were collected from the heat affected zone and subjected to an intergranular corrosion test. The intergranular corrosion test was basically a sulfuric acid-copper sulfate test in accordance with JIS G 0575. However, since the corrosion conditions were too severe to apply to steel having a chromium content of 12% or less in steel, the sulfuric acid concentration was low. The test was carried out in a solution in which was reduced to 0.5%. The test was performed in accordance with JIS except that the sulfuric acid concentration was reduced, and the test results were evaluated by visual inspection for the presence or absence of intergranular corrosion cracking.
[0036]
Further, a hole expanding test was performed as follows. First, a hole is formed by punching using a punch having a diameter of 10 mm at the center of the test material cut into a size of 80 mm square, and the hole diameter is measured, and the hole diameter d 0 [mm] before hole expansion is obtained. Was. Next, the hole was widened using a 60 ° conical punch until a crack was formed at the end face of the hole, the hole diameter at the time when the crack was formed was measured, and the hole diameter d [mm] after the hole was widened was determined. The hole expansion ratio λ [%] was evaluated by the following equation.
λ = 100 × (d−d 0 ) / d 0
[0037]
Table 3 shows the results. Examples of the steels A to E have different amounts of Ti. If Ti is not added, intergranular corrosion cracking occurs, but grain boundary cracking due to Ti addition is suppressed. The hole expanding property is also improved by adding Ti. However, in E steel with a large amount of Ti, the hole expandability is deteriorated. In addition, the steels of the present invention from F steel to M steel have sufficient strength as a structural member for automobiles and the toughness of a heat affected zone by welding, and also have excellent intergranular corrosion resistance and hole expanding properties of a welded portion. On the other hand, the comparative steels from N steel to R steel have insufficient one of toughness, intergranular corrosion resistance, and hole expanding property.
[0038]
[Table 1]
Figure 2004043964
[0039]
[Table 2]
Figure 2004043964
[0040]
[Table 3]
Figure 2004043964
[0041]
【The invention's effect】
As described above, the present invention provides a chromium-containing steel having excellent intergranular corrosion resistance and hole-expandability in a welded portion, which can be used for an automobile structure, particularly for a suspension without containing an unnecessary expensive element. Which is an industrially extremely valuable invention.

Claims (4)

質量%で、
C :0.03%以下、
N :0.02%以下、
Si:1%以下、
Mn:2%以下、
P :0.02%以下、
S :0.03%以下、
Cr:7〜15%、
Ni:0.2〜3.4%
を含有し、さらに、
Ti:2×(C%+N%)〜20×(C%+N%)、
Nb:4×(C%+N%)〜20×(C%+N%)
の1種または2種を含有し、
残部がFeおよび不可避不純物からなり、かつ、各元素の含有量が下記(1)式および(2)式を満足することを特徴とする溶接部の耐粒界腐食性に優れた自動車用クロム含有鋼。
Figure 2004043964
In mass%,
C: 0.03% or less,
N: 0.02% or less,
Si: 1% or less,
Mn: 2% or less,
P: 0.02% or less,
S: 0.03% or less,
Cr: 7 to 15%,
Ni: 0.2 to 3.4%
Containing, further,
Ti: 2 × (C% + N%) to 20 × (C% + N%),
Nb: 4 × (C% + N%) to 20 × (C% + N%)
Containing one or two of the following,
A chromium content for automobiles excellent in intergranular corrosion resistance of a weld portion, characterized in that the balance consists of Fe and unavoidable impurities and the content of each element satisfies the following formulas (1) and (2). steel.
Figure 2004043964
質量%でさらに、
Mo:0.1〜5%、
Cu:0.1〜4%
の1種または2種を含有することを特徴とする、請求項1に記載の溶接部の耐粒界腐食性に優れた自動車用クロム含有鋼。
In mass%,
Mo: 0.1-5%,
Cu: 0.1-4%
The chromium-containing steel for automobiles according to claim 1, wherein the chromium-containing steel has excellent resistance to intergranular corrosion.
質量%でさらに、
Mg:0.0005〜0.01%
を含有することを特徴とする、請求項1または2に記載の溶接部の耐粒界腐食性に優れた自動車用クロム含有鋼。
In mass%,
Mg: 0.0005 to 0.01%
The chromium-containing steel for automobiles excellent in intergranular corrosion resistance of the welded portion according to claim 1 or 2, characterized by containing.
穴広げ率λ[%]が90%以上であることを特徴とする請求項1〜3のいずれか1項に記載の自動車用クロム含有鋼。
ただし、λ=100×(d−d0 )/d0 
ここで、d0 [mm]は穴広げ前の穴径であり、d[mm]は穴広げ後の穴径である。
The chromium-containing steel for an automobile according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein a hole expansion ratio λ [%] is 90% or more.
Where λ = 100 × (d−d 0 ) / d 0
Here, d 0 [mm] is the hole diameter before the hole expansion, and d [mm] is the hole diameter after the hole expansion.
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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2009280850A (en) * 2008-05-21 2009-12-03 Jfe Steel Corp Stainless steel sheet for structure having excellent weld zone corrosion resistance, and weld structure

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