JP2004031073A - Solid polymer type fuel cell system - Google Patents

Solid polymer type fuel cell system Download PDF

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Publication number
JP2004031073A
JP2004031073A JP2002184661A JP2002184661A JP2004031073A JP 2004031073 A JP2004031073 A JP 2004031073A JP 2002184661 A JP2002184661 A JP 2002184661A JP 2002184661 A JP2002184661 A JP 2002184661A JP 2004031073 A JP2004031073 A JP 2004031073A
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Prior art keywords
cooling water
heat exchange
gas
wet heat
fuel cell
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JP2002184661A
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JP3843046B2 (en
Inventor
Takashi Kawanabe
川鍋 隆
Akira Hamada
濱田 陽
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Sanyo Electric Co Ltd
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Sanyo Electric Co Ltd
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    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/50Fuel cells

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a solid polymer type fuel cell system that is a moisture-heat exchange type humidifier utilizing both off-gas and cell cooling water discharged from a cell module, and is so constituted as to heat and humidify a reactive gas fed to the cell module. <P>SOLUTION: In the moisture-heat exchange type humidifier 2 connected to the cell module 1, an off-gas passage 3, a reactive gas passage 4 and a cell cooling water humidification passage 5 are stacked and disposed by interposing moisture-heat exchanging elements 6 as a basic structure. The cooling water of the cell module 1 is branched into a cell cooling water main circuit 7 and a cell cooling water humidification circuit 8 in the vicinity of the exit thereof, and a flow control means 9 is installed at the branching position. Sensors 10-12 are installed at appropriate places of the system to control the flow rate of the cell cooling water to the humidification circuit 8 by signals from the sensors. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2004,JPO

Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、燃料電池に供給される反応ガスを湿熱交換型加湿器を用いて加熱・加湿する固体高分子形燃料電池システムの改良に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
固体高分子形燃料電池は、固体高分子電解質膜をアノード電極(燃料極)とカソード電極(酸化剤極)とでサンドイッチ状に挟んだ構造の単セルを形成し、それぞれの電極に反応ガスを流通させるためのセパレータ(ガス不透性プレート)を単セルの両側に配置して単電池を形成し、更に単電池を複数個積層すると共に両端部にエンドプレートを配置し、これらを締め付けロッドで締め付け一体化することにより電池モジュールを構成して成るものである。そして、アノード電極に水素等の燃料ガス、カソード電極に空気等の酸化剤ガスを供給し、電気化学反応により生じる起電力を取り出す。
【0003】
この固体高分子形燃料電池の固体高分子電解質膜としては、例えばフッ素系イオン交換膜であるパーフルオロスルホン酸膜が用いられているが、これは湿潤状態でプロトン伝導性を発揮する特性を有している。固体高分子電解質膜が湿潤不足又は乾燥状態であると、プロトン伝導性が悪化して発電性能が低下するため、発電中において固体高分子電解質膜を湿潤状態に保持する手段がとられている。
【0004】
固体高分子電解質膜の湿潤手段としては、従来例えば、特開平7−288134のように、酸化剤ガス(一般には空気が用いられる)や燃料ガスを加湿タンクに送り込んで加湿し、この加湿されたガスを電池モジュールに供給することにより固体高分子電解質膜を湿潤させることが知られている。又、電池モジュールに温湿度交換部を付設し、電池モジュールから排出されるオフガスを温湿度交換部に導入すると共に、電池モジュールに供給する反応ガスを温湿度交換部に導入し、この温湿度交換部で温度及び湿度を交換して反応ガスを加熱・加湿し、電池モジュールに供給するようにした手段も公開されている(例えば、特開平6−132032号公報、特開2000−164229号公報)。
【0005】
上記従来の温湿度交換部によると、図8のように前面のエンドプレートAと後面のエンドプレートBとの間に、反応ガス(未反応ガス)用のガスメッシュプレートC、オフガス(既反応ガス)用のメッシュプレートD及び保水性の多孔質体Eを交互に積層し、前面のエンドプレートAの上部には反応ガス入口マニホールドF、下部にはオフガス出口マニホールドGが配設され、後面エンドプレートBの上部にはオフガス入口マニホールドH、下部には反応ガス出口マニホールドIが配設された構造になっている。そして、温湿度交換部に導入されたオフガスと反応ガスは、保水性の多孔質体Eを介して互いに接触することにより温度及び湿度が交換される。
【0006】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
上記従来の電解質膜湿潤手段のうち、加湿タンクによる場合は、加湿タンクを備えなければならず、且つ加湿タンク内の水を適温に加熱するための外部熱源が必要となるため、固体高分子形燃料電池システムの全体構成が大型化する問題がある。一方、電池モジュールに温湿度交換部を付設する場合は、電池モジュールから排出されるオフガスを利用し、反応ガスとの間で温度及び湿度を交換するので加湿タンクや外部熱源を必要としないが、オフガスを利用するだけでは加湿能力が低く、加湿不足が生じる問題がある。
【0007】
本発明は、このような従来の問題を解決するためになされ、電池モジュールから排出されるオフガスと、電池モジュールに供給する反応ガスとの間で温度及び湿度を交換する場合において、被加湿反応ガスの加湿不足を防止し、温度・湿度を適切な状態に制御できるようにした固体高分子形燃料電池システムを提供することを目的とする。
【0008】
【課題を解決するための手段】
この目的を達成するための手段として、本発明の請求項1は、燃料電池に供給される反応ガスの加熱源・加湿源として、電池モジュールからのオフガス又は/及び温水を使用する湿熱交換型加湿器を備えることを特徴とする。
【0009】
又、本発明の請求項2は、前記温水には電池モジュールから排出された電池冷却水の全量又はその一部を使用することを特徴とする。
【0010】
本発明の請求項3は、前記電池冷却水は、電池モジュールの冷却水出口付近で電池冷却水主回路と電池冷却水加湿回路に分岐し、この分岐箇所には流量制御手段を設け、電池冷却水加湿回路への流量を調整することにより電池モジュールへ供給する反応ガスの露点(温度・湿度)を制御することを特徴とする。
【0011】
本発明の請求項4は、前記湿熱交換型加湿器は、オフガス流路と電池冷却水加湿流路が、反応ガス流路を挟んで隣り合って配置されていることを特徴とする。
【0012】
本発明の請求項5は、前記反応ガスがオフガスによる加湿部分を通過した後、電池冷却水による加湿部分で更に加湿されるように配置されていることを特徴とする。
【0013】
本発明の請求項6は、前記湿熱交換型加湿器内では湿熱交換用素子を挟んで反応ガスとオフガスが対向していることを特徴とする。
【0014】
本発明の請求項7は、前記湿熱交換型加湿器内では湿熱交換用素子を挟んで反応ガスと電池冷却水が対向していることを特徴とする。
【0015】
本発明の請求項8は、前記湿熱交換用素子には透湿膜を用いることを特徴とする。
【0016】
本発明の請求項9は、前記湿熱交換用素子は、1種類又は複数種類の材料から形成され、更に1枚又は複数枚から形成されていることを特徴とする。
【0017】
そして、本発明の請求項10は、前記湿熱交換型加湿器は電池モジュールとは別体であることを特徴とする。
【0018】
本発明では、電池モジュールに供給する反応ガスを、湿熱交換型加湿器において電池モジュールから排出されるオフガスによるのみならず、温水特に電池モジュールから排出される電池冷却水を利用して加熱・加湿するため、温湿度交換を効率良く行えると共に適切な加湿調整を実現することができる。
【0019】
【発明の実施の形態】
次に、本発明に係る固体高分子形燃料電池システムの実施形態について添付図面を参照しながら説明する。本実施形態では、電池モジュールに供給する酸化剤ガスの加熱・加湿の場合である。
【0020】
図1は、固体高分子形燃料電池システムの構成を示すブロック図である。図中、1は電池モジュールであり、内部構造は省略したが固体高分子電解質膜をアノード電極(燃料極)とカソード電極(酸化剤極)とでサンドイッチ状に挟んだ構造の単セルを形成し、それぞれの電極に反応ガス(燃料ガス又は酸化剤ガス)を流通させるためのセパレータ(ガス不透性プレート)を単セルの両側に配置して単電池を形成し、更に単電池を複数個積層すると共に両端部にエンドプレートを配置し、これらを締め付けロッドで締め付け一体化することにより構成してある。
【0021】
2は湿熱交換型加湿器であり、基本的構成として湿熱交換型加湿器2内のオフガス流路3と反応ガス流路4とが湿熱交換用素子6を挟んで配置され、更に反応ガス流路4と電池冷却水加湿流路5とがもう一つの湿熱交換用素子6を挟んで配置されている。
【0022】
この湿熱交換型加湿器2は、上記電池モジュール1とオフガス回路、被加湿反応ガス回路、電池冷却水加湿回路の3本の接続管を介して連結されている。図2に示すように、湿熱交換型加湿器2内部は、オフガス流路3、反応ガス流路4、電池冷却水加湿流路5、更に反応ガス流路4が湿熱交換用素子6を挟んで、積層構造を形成し、各反応ガス流路4を流通したガスはオフガス流路3と電池冷却水加湿流路5の両側から湿熱交換用素子6を介して加湿され、被加湿反応ガス回路を通り電池モジュール1へ送られる。
【0023】
図3は、図2の湿熱交換型加湿器2のバリエーションの一例であり、この湿熱交換型加湿器2Aは、図2のように電池冷却水加湿流路5とオフガス流路3が1:1の割合で配置されず、1:2の割合で配置されたものである。即ち、図2とは異なり、両側をオフガス流路3に挟まれた反応ガス流路4が存在することになる。尚、この他の配置例も種々考えられ、オフガス流路3と電池冷却水加湿流路5の組み合わせ方及び数は限定されない。
【0024】
図4は湿熱交換型加湿器2の他の構成例を示すもので、オフガス流路3と電池冷却水加湿流路5が、反応ガス流路4から見て直列に配置されたものである。図4(a)と(b)はオフガス流路3と電池冷却水加湿流路5が連結又は積層された一体型のもの、(c)は別体型のものである。
【0025】
図4(a)に示す湿熱交換型加湿器2Bは、反応ガス流路の前半部はオフガスにより加熱・加湿され、後半部は電池冷却水により加熱・加湿される構成に特徴を有する。又、図4(b)に示す湿熱交換型加湿器2Cは、反応ガスがオフガスにより加熱・加湿された後に電池冷却水により加熱・加湿される2Bの構成と、オフガス流路3、反応ガス流路4、電池冷却水加湿流路5を積層する図2のような基本構造を合わせた特徴を有する。更に、図4(c)に示す湿熱交換型加湿器2Dは、オフガス流路3と電池冷却水加湿流路5とを分離する構成に特徴を有する。図4(a)〜(c)の反応ガスはいずれもオフガスにより加熱・加湿された後、電池冷却水により更に加熱・加湿されるような配置になっている点では共通性を備えている。尚、オフガスと電池冷却水の加熱・加湿順序は逆にする構成も可能である。
【0026】
図5に湿熱交換型加湿器2における反応ガスと、オフガス又は電池冷却水との流通方向を示す。図5(a)は対向流、(b)は並行流、(c)は直交流である。一般的に、並行流より対向流の方が熱交換器としての性能は高く、構造上可能であるならば、対向流となるように配置することが望ましい。しかし、本発明の湿熱交換型加湿器における反応ガスと、オフガス又は電池冷却水との流通方向は特に限定しない。
【0027】
ここで、前記湿熱交換用素子6について説明する。この湿熱交換用素子6としては透湿膜を用いる。湿熱交換型加湿器2内では、反応ガスとオフガスの間と、反応ガスと電池冷却水の間とで同じ湿熱交換用素子を使う場合と、違う湿熱交換用素子を使う場合がある。反応ガスと電池冷却水の間の湿熱交換用素子は、液体が直接接触するため、反応ガスとオフガスの間の湿熱交換用素子より高い強度(組成、厚さ等)が要求される。しかし、一般的に湿熱交換用素子6の強度を上げると水分の透過性が悪くなるので、反応ガスとオフガスの間の湿熱交換用素子6は、必要とされる強度を満たす透過性の高い湿熱交換用素子を使用する方が望ましい。
【0028】
湿熱交換用素子6として要求される要素は、湿熱交換を行うため素子内部を水分が移動可能であること、温度交換のためできるだけ薄いこと、湿潤状態で水分は通すがガスは透過しないこと、保水性が高いこと等である。このような湿熱交換用素子6としては、例えば膜状又はチューブ状の高分子(ジャパンゴアテックス社製Gore−select、デュポン社製Nafion、旭化成社製Aciplex、旭硝子社製Flemion等)の他、植物性天然繊維(パルプ、コルク、綿等)、動物性天然繊維、化学繊維、又はガラス繊維を紙状、織布状、又は不織布状にしたもの、具体的には紙、和紙、フィルタ、フェルト等を挙げることができる。更に、高分子吸収剤、カーボン(カーボンペーパー、カーボン織布、カーボン不織布、多孔質カーボンプレート)、セルロース、動物の腸等でもよい。尚、いずれか1種類の材料で形成する場合と、2種類以上の複数の材料から形成する場合とがあり、又1枚で形成する場合と、複数枚で形成する場合とがある。
【0029】
ところで、図1において湿熱交換型加湿器2には電池モジュール1から排出される電池冷却水が導入されるが、この電池冷却水は電池モジュール1の冷却水出口付近で電池冷却水主回路7と電池冷却水加湿回路8に分岐し、電池冷却水加湿回路8を流れた電池冷却水は湿熱交換型加湿器2内で湿熱交換を行った後に電池冷却水主回路7と合流する。そして、電池冷却水主回路7と電池冷却水加湿回路8の分岐箇所に流量制御手段9を設け、湿熱交換型加湿器2へ導入する電池冷却水の流量を調整することにより電池モジュール1へ供給する反応ガスの露点(温度・湿度)を制御する。
【0030】
又、湿熱交換型加湿器2の反応ガス出口には第1のセンサ10が設けられ、電池モジュール1の電池冷却水出口には第2のセンサ11が設けられ、更に電池モジュール1の内部又は表面には第3のセンサ12が適宜設けられ、これらのセンサを介して上記流量制御手段9を制御するように構成されている。この場合、便宜上第1のセンサ10〜第3のセンサ12を全て図1中に記載してあるが、制御の仕方によっては全てのセンサを用いるとは限らない。以下に、いくつかの制御実施例を記載する。
【0031】
[制御実施例1]
湿熱交換型加湿器2の被加湿ガス出口に設けられた第1のセンサ10により流量制御手段9を電子制御する。この場合、第1のセンサ10は温度センサ又は/及び湿度センサであり、流量制御手段9は電子制御バルブである。第1のセンサ10による被加湿反応ガスの出口温度又は/及び湿度の検出値に応じて、流量制御手段9を切り換えることにより湿熱交換型加湿器2に導入する電池冷却水の流量を増減する。
【0032】
[制御実施例2]
湿熱交換型加湿器2の反応ガス流路4出口に設けられた第1のセンサ10に反応する感温型ダイヤフラムにより湿熱交換型加湿器2に導入する電池冷却水の量を制御する。この場合、第1のセンサ10は温度センサであり、流量制御手段9は感温型ダイヤフラムである。
【0033】
[制御実施例3]
電池モジュール1の電池冷却水出口に設けられた第2のセンサ11により流量制御手段9を電子制御する。この場合、第2のセンサ11は温度センサ又は/及び湿度センサであり、流量制御手段9は電子制御バルブである。電池モジュール1から排出される電池冷却水の出口温度又は/及び湿度の検出値に応じて、流量制御手段9を切り換えて湿熱交換型加湿器2に導入する電池冷却水の流量を増減する。
【0034】
[制御実施例4]
電池モジュール1の電池冷却水出口に設けられた第2のセンサ11に反応する感温型ダイヤフラムにより湿熱交換型加湿器2に導入する電池冷却水の量を制御する。この場合、第2のセンサ11は温度センサであり、流量制御手段9は感温型ダイヤフラムである。
【0035】
[制御実施例5]
電池モジュール1に設けられた第3のセンサ12により流量制御手段9を電子制御する。この場合、第3のセンサ12は温度センサ又は/及び湿度センサであり、流量制御手段9は電子制御バルブである。電池モジュール1の内部温度又は/及び湿度の検出値に応じて、流量制御手段9を切り換えて湿熱交換型加湿器2に導入する電池冷却水の流量を増減する。
【0036】
[制御実施例6]
電池モジュール1に設けられた第3のセンサ12に反応する感温型ダイヤフラムにより湿熱交換型加湿器2に導入する電池冷却水の量を制御する。この場合、第3のセンサ12は温度センサであり、流量制御手段9は感温型ダイヤフラムである。
【0037】
[制御実施例7]
図示は省略したが、予め電池冷却水主回路7と湿熱交換型加湿器2への電池冷却水加湿回路8の分岐部に電池冷却水主回路7と電池冷却水加湿回路8への流量比を設定したオリフィスを用いる。この場合は、第1のセンサ10〜第3のセンサ12はいずれも設けなくてよい。
【0038】
このように構成された固体高分子形燃料電池システムにおいて、反応ガスは湿熱交換型加湿器2を流通した後に電池モジュール1に供給される。湿熱交換型加湿器2を流通する際に、反応ガスと、電池モジュール1から排出されたオフガス及び電池冷却水との間で温度及び湿度が交換される。即ち、顕熱のみならず潜熱も同時に交換される。
【0039】
電池モジュール1から排出されるオフガスは、その時点での電池モジュール1の内部温度とほぼ同じ温度を有し、且つ電気化学反応によりカソード電極で生じる生成水(飽和に近い水蒸気)を含んでいる。このオフガスと反応ガスとの温湿度交換は、湿熱交換型加湿器2内のオフガス流路3と反応ガス流路4が湿熱交換用素子6を介して接触することで行われる。
【0040】
即ち、低温低湿の反応ガスと高温高湿のオフガスとが、湿熱交換用素子6を介して接触することにより、オフガス中に含まれている水蒸気が凝縮し、その凝縮水により湿熱交換用素子6が濡れる。又、同時に熱交換も行われるため、反応ガスの温度が上昇すると共に、湿熱交換用素子6から水分が蒸発することにより反応ガスが加湿される。これにより、加熱・加湿された被加湿反応ガスを電池モジュール1に供給できる。
【0041】
このオフガスによる反応ガスの加熱・加湿と同時に、湿熱交換型加湿器2の電池冷却水加湿流路5において、電池モジュール1から排出された電池冷却水と反応ガスとの間で温度及び湿度交換が行われる。電池モジュール1から排出された電池冷却水は、その時点での電池モジュール1の内部温度とほぼ同じ温度を有しており、この温水と反応ガスとが湿熱交換用素子6を介して接触することにより、温度及び湿度の交換が行われる。これにより、反応ガスはオフガスによる加熱・加湿のみならず電池冷却水による加熱・加湿が加わるため、温湿度交換が効率良く行われると共に、加湿能力が増大するため電池モジュール1の固体高分子電解質膜を充分に加湿することができる。
【0042】
電池モジュール1の運転開始時には、未だ電池モジュール1の温度は低く、電池モジュール1から排出されるオフガスの温度が低い。オフガスの温度が低いとオフガスの飽和水蒸気量が低く、この低温のオフガスを湿熱交換型加湿器2に導入して反応ガスとの間で温度及び湿度を交換しても反応ガスを充分に加湿することはできない。
【0043】
このようなオフガス低温(低露点)時において、例えば前記制御実施例5を用いた場合、電池モジュール1の温度又は/及び湿度を第3のセンサ12で検出し、その検出信号を制御装置(図略)に入力して演算し、この制御装置から流量制御手段9に指令信号が出力される。そして、流量制御手段9により電池モジュール1から排出される電池冷却水を湿熱交換型加湿器2に適量導入する。従って、高温高湿のオフガスが得られない発電開始時においても、電池冷却水の一部を利用することで充分に加熱・加湿した被加湿反応ガスを電池モジュール1に供給することが可能となる。
【0044】
電池モジュール1の温度が徐々に上昇して運転温度になると、電池モジュール1から排出されるオフガスの温度が運転温度近傍まで上昇する。運転中のオフガスは多量の水蒸気を含んでいるため、オフガスを湿熱交換型加湿器2に導入して反応ガスとの間で温度及び湿度を交換すると反応ガスを充分に加湿することができる。
【0045】
このようなオフガス高温(高露点)時において、例えば前記制御実施例5を用いた場合、電池モジュール1の温度又は/及び湿度を第3のセンサ12で検出し、その検出信号を制御装置に入力して演算し、この制御装置から流量制御手段9に指令信号が出力される。そして、流量制御手段9により電池モジュール1から排出される電池冷却水を湿熱交換型加湿器2に適量導入する。この時はオフガス低温時とは異なって、オフガスによる加湿能力が高いため、電池冷却水による加湿能力は低くてよい。従って、湿熱交換型加湿器2に導入する電池冷却水の流量は少なくて済む。
【0046】
このようにして、例えば前記制御実施例5を用いた場合、電池モジュール1の温度又は/及び湿度を第3のセンサ12で検出し、この検出値に基づいて流量制御手段9を制御し、電池モジュール1から湿熱交換型加湿器2に導入する電池冷却水の流量を調整することにより、電池モジュール1に供給すべき被加湿反応ガスの加熱・加湿を最適に行うことができる。
【0047】
図6は反応ガスの加熱源・加湿源としてオフガスのみを用いた場合と、オフガス+電池冷却水を用いた場合との実験結果を示すグラフである。電池モジュール1から排出される電池冷却水を併用することにより著しく能力改善できることが判明した。この実験において、湿熱交換用素子6として透湿膜(和紙)を用いた。尚、酸化剤利用率:40%、電池冷却水分配比率:30%である。
【0048】
本実施形態の他の特徴点として、前記湿熱交換型加湿器2は電池モジュール1とは別体に構成したことである。従来では電池モジュールと一体に形成されているため長大となり、システム全体が大型化する傾向にあった。本実施形態では、別体構成であるから電池モジュール1に対する湿熱交換型加湿器2の配置場所の自由度が大きくなり、図7のように電池モジュール1の近傍いずれの位置でもよい。湿熱交換型加湿器2の配置場所を任意に選択することでシステム全体の小型化が可能となり、又、メンテナンス時における点検、修理等の作業が電池モジュール1とは関係なく行えるため、容易になる。
【0049】
尚、上記の実施形態では、被加湿反応ガスは酸化剤ガスについて説明したが、本発明は酸化剤ガスに限定されることなく、燃料ガスについても同様の要領で実施することが可能である。
【0050】
【発明の効果】
以上説明したように、本発明に係る固体高分子形燃料電池システムにおいて、請求項1の発明によれば、燃料電池に供給される反応ガスの加熱源・加湿源として、電池モジュールからのオフガス又は/及び温水を使用する湿熱交換型加湿器を備えているので、オフガスによる温湿度交換のみならず、温水による温湿度交換も行え、反応ガスを効率良く加熱・加湿することができる。
【0051】
又、請求項2の発明によれば、前記温水には電池モジュールから排出された電池冷却水の全量又はその一部を使用するので、温水を作るための外部熱源が不要となり、システムの小型化が可能になると共に、温湿度交換用媒体として適切に有効利用することができる。又、電池冷却水はオフガスよりも熱量が大きいので、オフガスだけでは達成できない高露点への加熱・加湿が可能となる。
【0052】
請求項3の発明よれば、前記湿熱交換型加湿器用温水は、電池モジュールの冷却水出口付近で電池冷却水主回路と電池冷却水加湿回路に分岐し、この分岐箇所には流量制御手段を設け、前記電池冷却水加湿回路への流量を調整することにより電池モジュールへ供給する反応ガスの露点(温度・湿度)を制御するので、温湿度交換用媒体としての作用を適切に調整することができる。又、湿熱交換型加湿器へ流通する電池冷却水の比率は、電池冷却水主回路の0〜100%の範囲で任意に可変できる。
【0053】
請求項4の発明によれば、前記湿熱交換型加湿器は、オフガス流路と電池冷却水加湿流路が、反応ガス流路を挟んで隣り合って配置されているので、両流路から同時に加湿することができる。
【0054】
請求項5の発明によれば、前記反応ガスがオフガスによる加湿部分を通過した後、電池冷却水による加湿部分で更に加湿されるように配置されているので、
オフガスの露点に対して一意に決まる値まで加湿された反応ガスを、電池冷却水により再加熱・加湿することにより、電池モジュールの状態に合わせた最適な加湿制御が可能となる。
【0055】
請求項6の発明によれば、前記湿熱交換型加湿器内では湿熱交換用素子を挟んで反応ガスとオフガスが対向しているので、並行流の場合よりもオフガスによる温湿度交換を効率良く行うことができる。
【0056】
請求項7の発明によれば、前記湿熱交換型加湿器内では湿熱交換用素子を挟んで反応ガスと電池冷却水が対向しているので、並行流の場合よりも電池冷却水による温湿度交換を効率良く行うことができる。
【0057】
請求項8の発明によれば、前記湿熱交換用素子には透湿膜を用いるので、透水性に優れており且つ保水状態においてはガスを通さず、このため温湿度交換が円滑に行われると共に、反応ガス中にオフガスが混入するのを防止することができる。
【0058】
請求項9の発明によれば、前記湿熱交換用素子は、1種類又は複数種類の材料から形成され、更に1枚又は複数枚から形成されているので、湿熱交換用素子として最適な機能を有するものを容易に作製できると共に、電池モジュールの規模に対応する機能を備えた湿熱交換型加湿器を作製することができる。
【0059】
そして、請求項10の発明によれば、前記湿熱交換器型加湿器は電池モジュールとは別体であるので、電池モジュールに対する湿熱交換型加湿器の配置場所の自由度が向上し、電池モジュールとの接続配管や燃料電池システム内のレイアウトを考慮して最適な配置を選ぶことが可能となる。又、システム全体の小型化を図ることも可能となる。更に、湿熱交換型加湿器の保守又は調整時に、電池モジュールとは関係なく作業ができるため便利である。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】本発明に係る固体高分子形燃料電池システムの実施形態を示す構成ブロック図である。
【図2】本発明に係る固体高分子形燃料電池システムにおける湿熱交換型加湿器の基本的構成を示す説明図である。
【図3】本発明に係る固体高分子形燃料電池システムにおける湿熱交換型加湿器の基本的構成に対し、オフガス流路の数と電池冷却水加湿流路の数の比率を変化させたものの説明図である。
【図4】本発明に係る固体高分子形燃料電池システムにおける湿熱交換型加湿器の他の構成例を示すもので、オフガス流路と電池冷却水加湿流路が反応ガス流路から見て直列に配置された構成で、(a)と(b)はオフガス流路と電池冷却水加湿流路が連結又は積層された一体型、(c)は別体型をそれぞれ示す説明図である。
【図5】本発明に係る固体高分子形燃料電池システムにおける湿熱交換型加湿器の反応ガスと、オフガス又は電池冷却水との流通方向を示すもので、(a)は対向流の場合、(b)は並行流の場合、(c)は直交流の場合をそれぞれ示す説明図である。
【図6】本発明に係る固体高分子形燃料電池システムにおける反応ガスの加熱源・加湿源としてオフガスのみを用いた場合と、オフガス+電池冷却水を用いた場合との実験結果を示すグラフである。
【図7】本発明に係る固体高分子形燃料電池システムにおける湿熱交換型加湿器と電池モジュールの位置関係を示す説明図である。
【図8】従来の固体高分子形燃料電池システム例における温湿度交換部を示す構成ブロック図である。
【符号の説明】
1…電池モジュール
2…湿熱交換型加湿器
3…オフガス流路
4…反応ガス流路
5…電池冷却水加湿流路
6…湿熱交換用素子
7…電池冷却水主回路
8…電池冷却水加湿回路
9…流量制御手段
10…第1のセンサ
11…第2のセンサ
12…第3のセンサ
[0001]
TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to an improvement in a polymer electrolyte fuel cell system in which a reaction gas supplied to a fuel cell is heated and humidified using a wet heat exchange humidifier.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Polymer electrolyte fuel cells form a single cell structure in which a solid polymer electrolyte membrane is sandwiched between an anode electrode (fuel electrode) and a cathode electrode (oxidant electrode), and a reaction gas is applied to each electrode. Separators (gas-impermeable plates) for distribution are arranged on both sides of the unit cell to form a unit cell, a plurality of unit cells are stacked, and end plates are arranged at both ends, and these are tightened with a rod. The battery module is constructed by tightening and integrating. Then, a fuel gas such as hydrogen is supplied to the anode electrode, and an oxidizing gas such as air is supplied to the cathode electrode, and an electromotive force generated by an electrochemical reaction is extracted.
[0003]
As a solid polymer electrolyte membrane of this polymer electrolyte fuel cell, for example, a perfluorosulfonic acid membrane which is a fluorine-based ion exchange membrane is used, which has a property of exhibiting proton conductivity in a wet state. are doing. If the solid polymer electrolyte membrane is insufficiently wet or is in a dry state, the proton conductivity is deteriorated and the power generation performance is reduced. Therefore, a means for maintaining the solid polymer electrolyte membrane in a wet state during power generation is employed.
[0004]
Conventionally, as a means for wetting the solid polymer electrolyte membrane, an oxidizing gas (generally, air is used) or a fuel gas is fed into a humidifying tank and humidified as disclosed in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 7-288134. It is known to wet a solid polymer electrolyte membrane by supplying gas to a battery module. In addition, a temperature / humidity exchange unit is attached to the battery module, and off-gas discharged from the battery module is introduced into the temperature / humidity exchange unit, and a reaction gas supplied to the battery module is introduced into the temperature / humidity exchange unit. There is also disclosed means for exchanging temperature and humidity in a section to heat and humidify the reaction gas and supply it to the battery module (for example, JP-A-6-133202 and JP-A-2000-164229). .
[0005]
According to the conventional temperature / humidity exchange unit, as shown in FIG. 8, a gas mesh plate C for reactant gas (unreacted gas) and an off gas (reacted gas) are provided between the front end plate A and the rear end plate B as shown in FIG. ) Mesh plates D and water-retentive porous bodies E are alternately laminated, a reaction gas inlet manifold F is provided above the front end plate A, and an off gas outlet manifold G is provided below the front end plate A. B has an off-gas inlet manifold H at the upper part, and a reaction gas outlet manifold I at the lower part. The off-gas and the reaction gas introduced into the temperature-humidity exchange unit contact each other via the water-retentive porous body E, so that the temperature and the humidity are exchanged.
[0006]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
Among the conventional electrolyte membrane wetting means, when using a humidifying tank, a humidifying tank must be provided, and an external heat source for heating water in the humidifying tank to an appropriate temperature is required. There is a problem that the overall configuration of the fuel cell system becomes large. On the other hand, when the temperature and humidity exchange unit is attached to the battery module, the offgas discharged from the battery module is used, and the temperature and humidity are exchanged with the reaction gas, so that a humidification tank or an external heat source is not required. There is a problem that the humidification ability is low only by using the off-gas, resulting in insufficient humidification.
[0007]
The present invention has been made to solve such a conventional problem, and when the temperature and the humidity are exchanged between the off gas discharged from the battery module and the reaction gas supplied to the battery module, the reaction gas to be humidified is used. It is an object of the present invention to provide a polymer electrolyte fuel cell system capable of preventing insufficient humidification and controlling the temperature and humidity to an appropriate state.
[0008]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In order to achieve this object, a first aspect of the present invention is a wet heat exchange type humidifier using off-gas or / and hot water from a battery module as a heating source / humidifying source of a reaction gas supplied to a fuel cell. It is characterized by having a vessel.
[0009]
A second aspect of the present invention is characterized in that the whole or a part of the battery cooling water discharged from the battery module is used as the hot water.
[0010]
According to a third aspect of the present invention, the battery cooling water branches to a battery cooling water main circuit and a battery cooling water humidification circuit near a cooling water outlet of the battery module, and a flow control means is provided at this branch point. The dew point (temperature / humidity) of the reaction gas supplied to the battery module is controlled by adjusting the flow rate to the water humidification circuit.
[0011]
According to a fourth aspect of the present invention, the wet heat exchange humidifier is characterized in that an off-gas flow path and a battery cooling water humidification flow path are arranged adjacent to each other with a reaction gas flow path interposed therebetween.
[0012]
A fifth aspect of the present invention is characterized in that the reaction gas is arranged so as to be further humidified in the humidified portion by the battery cooling water after passing through the humidified portion by the off gas.
[0013]
According to a sixth aspect of the present invention, in the wet heat exchange humidifier, the reaction gas and the off gas are opposed to each other with the wet heat exchange element interposed therebetween.
[0014]
According to a seventh aspect of the present invention, in the wet heat exchange humidifier, the reaction gas and the battery cooling water face each other with the wet heat exchange element interposed therebetween.
[0015]
An eighth aspect of the present invention is characterized in that a moisture permeable film is used for the wet heat exchange element.
[0016]
A ninth aspect of the present invention is characterized in that the element for wet heat exchange is formed of one or more kinds of materials, and further formed of one or more sheets.
[0017]
A tenth aspect of the present invention is characterized in that the wet heat exchange humidifier is separate from the battery module.
[0018]
In the present invention, the reaction gas supplied to the battery module is heated and humidified not only by off-gas discharged from the battery module in the wet heat exchange humidifier but also by using hot water, particularly battery cooling water discharged from the battery module. Therefore, temperature and humidity exchange can be performed efficiently, and appropriate humidification adjustment can be realized.
[0019]
BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
Next, an embodiment of a polymer electrolyte fuel cell system according to the present invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings. In the present embodiment, the case where the oxidizing gas supplied to the battery module is heated and humidified.
[0020]
FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing a configuration of a polymer electrolyte fuel cell system. In the figure, reference numeral 1 denotes a battery module, the internal structure of which is omitted, but a single cell having a structure in which a solid polymer electrolyte membrane is sandwiched between an anode electrode (fuel electrode) and a cathode electrode (oxidant electrode) is formed. Separators (gas-impermeable plates) for allowing a reaction gas (fuel gas or oxidizing gas) to flow through each electrode are arranged on both sides of the unit cell to form a unit cell, and a plurality of unit cells are stacked. At the same time, end plates are arranged at both ends, and they are tightened and integrated by tightening rods.
[0021]
Reference numeral 2 denotes a wet heat exchange humidifier. As a basic configuration, an off gas passage 3 and a reaction gas passage 4 in the wet heat exchange humidifier 2 are arranged with a wet heat exchange element 6 interposed therebetween. 4 and a battery cooling water humidifying flow path 5 are arranged with another wet heat exchange element 6 interposed therebetween.
[0022]
The wet heat exchange type humidifier 2 is connected to the battery module 1 via three connection pipes of an off-gas circuit, a reaction gas circuit to be humidified, and a battery cooling water humidification circuit. As shown in FIG. 2, inside the wet heat exchange type humidifier 2, the off gas flow path 3, the reaction gas flow path 4, the battery cooling water humidification flow path 5, and the reaction gas flow path 4 sandwich the wet heat exchange element 6. The gas flowing through each reaction gas flow path 4 is formed into a laminated structure, and is humidified from both sides of the off-gas flow path 3 and the battery cooling water humidification flow path 5 through the wet heat exchange element 6 to form a reaction gas circuit to be humidified. It is sent to the battery module 1 as it is.
[0023]
FIG. 3 shows an example of a variation of the wet heat exchange humidifier 2 shown in FIG. 2. In this wet heat exchange humidifier 2A, as shown in FIG. Are arranged at a ratio of 1: 2, but not at a ratio of 1: 2. That is, unlike FIG. 2, there is a reaction gas flow path 4 sandwiched between the off gas flow paths 3 on both sides. Various other arrangement examples are also conceivable, and the combination and number of the off-gas flow path 3 and the battery cooling water humidification flow path 5 are not limited.
[0024]
FIG. 4 shows another configuration example of the wet heat exchange type humidifier 2, in which the off-gas flow path 3 and the battery cooling water humidification flow path 5 are arranged in series when viewed from the reaction gas flow path 4. 4A and 4B show an integrated type in which the off-gas channel 3 and the battery cooling water humidifying channel 5 are connected or laminated, and FIG. 4C shows a separate type.
[0025]
The wet heat exchange humidifier 2B shown in FIG. 4A is characterized in that the first half of the reaction gas flow path is heated and humidified by off gas, and the second half is heated and humidified by battery cooling water. The wet heat exchange type humidifier 2C shown in FIG. 4B has a configuration 2B in which the reaction gas is heated and humidified by the off-gas and then heated and humidified by the battery cooling water, the off-gas flow path 3, the reaction gas flow It has the feature of combining the basic structure as shown in FIG. Further, the wet heat exchange type humidifier 2D shown in FIG. 4C is characterized in that the off gas passage 3 and the battery cooling water humidification passage 5 are separated. The reaction gases in FIGS. 4A to 4C have commonality in that they are arranged such that they are heated and humidified by off-gas and then further heated and humidified by battery cooling water. Note that a configuration in which the order of heating and humidifying the off-gas and the battery cooling water is reversed is also possible.
[0026]
FIG. 5 shows a flow direction of the reaction gas and the off-gas or the battery cooling water in the wet heat exchange type humidifier 2. FIG. 5A shows a counter flow, FIG. 5B shows a parallel flow, and FIG. 5C shows a cross flow. Generally, the performance of the heat exchanger is higher in the counterflow than in the parallel flow, and it is desirable to arrange the counterflow so as to be the counterflow if structurally possible. However, the flow direction of the reaction gas and the off-gas or the battery cooling water in the wet heat exchange humidifier of the present invention is not particularly limited.
[0027]
Here, the wet heat exchange element 6 will be described. A moisture permeable film is used as the wet heat exchange element 6. In the wet heat exchange type humidifier 2, the same wet heat exchange element may be used between the reaction gas and the off gas and between the reaction gas and the battery cooling water, or a different wet heat exchange element may be used. Since the liquid is in direct contact with the wet heat exchange element between the reaction gas and the battery cooling water, a higher strength (composition, thickness, etc.) is required than the wet heat exchange element between the reaction gas and the off gas. However, in general, when the strength of the wet heat exchanging element 6 is increased, the moisture permeability deteriorates. Therefore, the wet heat exchanging element 6 between the reaction gas and the off-gas has a high wet heat exchange property that satisfies the required strength. It is preferable to use a replacement element.
[0028]
The elements required for the wet heat exchange element 6 are that moisture can move inside the element to perform wet heat exchange, that the element be as thin as possible for temperature exchange, that moisture passes in a wet state but gas does not pass, And the like. Examples of the wet heat exchange element 6 include, for example, a polymer in the form of a film or a tube (Gore-select manufactured by Japan Gore-Tex, Nafion manufactured by DuPont, Aciplex manufactured by Asahi Kasei, Flemion manufactured by Asahi Glass), and a plant. Natural fibers (pulp, cork, cotton, etc.), animal natural fibers, chemical fibers, or glass fibers in paper, woven or non-woven form, specifically paper, Japanese paper, filters, felts, etc. Can be mentioned. Further, a polymer absorbent, carbon (carbon paper, carbon woven fabric, carbon nonwoven fabric, porous carbon plate), cellulose, animal intestine and the like may be used. It should be noted that there is a case where it is formed of any one kind of material, a case where it is formed of two or more kinds of materials, and a case where it is formed of one sheet and a case where it is formed of plural sheets.
[0029]
In FIG. 1, the battery cooling water discharged from the battery module 1 is introduced into the wet heat exchange humidifier 2, and the battery cooling water is connected to the battery cooling water main circuit 7 near the cooling water outlet of the battery module 1. The battery cooling water branched to the battery cooling water humidification circuit 8 and flows through the battery cooling water humidification circuit 8 undergoes wet heat exchange in the wet heat exchange type humidifier 2, and then joins with the battery cooling water main circuit 7. A flow control means 9 is provided at a branch point between the battery cooling water main circuit 7 and the battery cooling water humidification circuit 8 to supply the battery cooling water to the battery module 1 by adjusting the flow rate of the battery cooling water introduced into the humidifier 2. The dew point (temperature / humidity) of the reactant gas is controlled.
[0030]
A first sensor 10 is provided at a reaction gas outlet of the wet heat exchange humidifier 2, a second sensor 11 is provided at a battery cooling water outlet of the battery module 1, and further, inside or on the surface of the battery module 1. Is appropriately provided with a third sensor 12, and is configured to control the flow rate control means 9 via these sensors. In this case, all of the first to third sensors 10 to 12 are shown in FIG. 1 for convenience, but not all sensors are used depending on the control method. The following describes some control embodiments.
[0031]
[Control Example 1]
The flow rate control means 9 is electronically controlled by a first sensor 10 provided at a humidified gas outlet of the humidifier 2. In this case, the first sensor 10 is a temperature sensor and / or a humidity sensor, and the flow control means 9 is an electronic control valve. The flow rate control means 9 is switched in accordance with the detected value of the outlet temperature and / or humidity of the humidified reaction gas by the first sensor 10 to increase or decrease the flow rate of the battery cooling water introduced into the humidifier 2.
[0032]
[Control Example 2]
The amount of battery cooling water introduced into the wet heat exchange humidifier 2 is controlled by a temperature-sensitive diaphragm that reacts with the first sensor 10 provided at the outlet of the reaction gas flow path 4 of the wet heat exchange humidifier 2. In this case, the first sensor 10 is a temperature sensor, and the flow control means 9 is a temperature-sensitive diaphragm.
[0033]
[Control Example 3]
The flow rate control means 9 is electronically controlled by the second sensor 11 provided at the battery cooling water outlet of the battery module 1. In this case, the second sensor 11 is a temperature sensor and / or a humidity sensor, and the flow control means 9 is an electronic control valve. The flow rate control means 9 is switched according to the detected value of the outlet temperature and / or humidity of the battery cooling water discharged from the battery module 1 to increase or decrease the flow rate of the battery cooling water introduced into the humidifier 2.
[0034]
[Control Example 4]
The amount of battery cooling water introduced into the humidifier 2 is controlled by a temperature-sensitive diaphragm that responds to a second sensor 11 provided at the battery cooling water outlet of the battery module 1. In this case, the second sensor 11 is a temperature sensor, and the flow control means 9 is a temperature-sensitive diaphragm.
[0035]
[Control Example 5]
The flow rate control means 9 is electronically controlled by a third sensor 12 provided in the battery module 1. In this case, the third sensor 12 is a temperature sensor and / or a humidity sensor, and the flow control means 9 is an electronic control valve. The flow rate control means 9 is switched according to the detected value of the internal temperature and / or humidity of the battery module 1 to increase or decrease the flow rate of the battery cooling water introduced into the humidifier 2.
[0036]
[Control Example 6]
The amount of battery cooling water introduced into the humidifier 2 is controlled by a temperature-sensitive diaphragm that responds to a third sensor 12 provided in the battery module 1. In this case, the third sensor 12 is a temperature sensor, and the flow control means 9 is a temperature-sensitive diaphragm.
[0037]
[Control Example 7]
Although illustration is omitted, the flow rate ratio between the battery cooling water main circuit 7 and the battery cooling water humidification circuit 8 is previously determined at the branch of the battery cooling water humidification circuit 8 to the battery cooling water main circuit 7 and the wet heat exchange type humidifier 2. Use the set orifice. In this case, none of the first to third sensors 10 to 12 may be provided.
[0038]
In the polymer electrolyte fuel cell system configured as described above, the reaction gas is supplied to the battery module 1 after flowing through the humidifier 2 of the wet heat exchange type. When flowing through the humidifier 2, the temperature and humidity are exchanged between the reaction gas, the off-gas discharged from the battery module 1, and the battery cooling water. That is, not only sensible heat but also latent heat is exchanged at the same time.
[0039]
The off-gas discharged from the battery module 1 has substantially the same temperature as the internal temperature of the battery module 1 at that time, and includes generated water (saturated water vapor) generated at the cathode electrode by an electrochemical reaction. The exchange of temperature and humidity between the off-gas and the reaction gas is performed by bringing the off-gas flow path 3 and the reaction gas flow path 4 in the humidifier 2 into contact with each other via the wet heat exchange element 6.
[0040]
That is, when the low-temperature low-humidity reaction gas and the high-temperature high-humidity off-gas come into contact with each other via the wet heat exchange element 6, the water vapor contained in the off gas is condensed, and the condensed water causes the wet heat exchange element 6 Gets wet. In addition, since the heat exchange is performed at the same time, the temperature of the reaction gas rises, and the reaction gas is humidified by the evaporation of moisture from the wet heat exchange element 6. Thereby, the heated / humidified reaction gas to be humidified can be supplied to the battery module 1.
[0041]
At the same time as the heating and humidification of the reaction gas by the off-gas, the temperature and humidity exchange between the battery cooling water discharged from the battery module 1 and the reaction gas in the battery cooling water humidifying passage 5 of the wet heat exchange type humidifier 2. Done. The battery cooling water discharged from the battery module 1 has substantially the same temperature as the internal temperature of the battery module 1 at that time, and the hot water and the reaction gas come into contact with each other via the wet heat exchange element 6. Thus, the exchange of the temperature and the humidity is performed. As a result, the reaction gas is heated and humidified by the battery cooling water as well as the heating and humidification by the off-gas, so that the temperature and humidity can be exchanged efficiently and the humidification capacity is increased, so that the solid polymer electrolyte membrane of the battery module 1 is increased. Can be sufficiently humidified.
[0042]
When the operation of the battery module 1 is started, the temperature of the battery module 1 is still low, and the temperature of the off-gas discharged from the battery module 1 is low. When the temperature of the off-gas is low, the amount of saturated water vapor of the off-gas is low. Even if the low-temperature off-gas is introduced into the humidifier 2 and the temperature and humidity are exchanged with the reaction gas, the reaction gas is sufficiently humidified. It is not possible.
[0043]
At the time of such an off-gas low temperature (low dew point), for example, when the control embodiment 5 is used, the temperature or / and humidity of the battery module 1 is detected by the third sensor 12, and the detection signal is transmitted to the control device (FIG. ), And the controller outputs a command signal to the flow rate control means 9. Then, an appropriate amount of battery cooling water discharged from the battery module 1 is introduced into the wet heat exchange type humidifier 2 by the flow control means 9. Therefore, even at the start of power generation where high-temperature and high-humidity off-gas cannot be obtained, it is possible to supply the sufficiently heated and humidified reaction gas to the battery module 1 by utilizing a part of the battery cooling water. .
[0044]
When the temperature of the battery module 1 gradually rises to the operating temperature, the temperature of the off-gas discharged from the battery module 1 rises to near the operating temperature. Since the off-gas during operation contains a large amount of water vapor, the reaction gas can be sufficiently humidified by introducing the off-gas into the humidifier 2 and exchanging the temperature and humidity with the reaction gas.
[0045]
At the time of such off-gas high temperature (high dew point), for example, when the control embodiment 5 is used, the temperature or / and humidity of the battery module 1 is detected by the third sensor 12, and the detection signal is input to the control device. The control device outputs a command signal to the flow rate control means 9. Then, an appropriate amount of battery cooling water discharged from the battery module 1 is introduced into the wet heat exchange type humidifier 2 by the flow control means 9. At this time, unlike the case where the off-gas temperature is low, the humidification ability by the battery cooling water may be low because the humidification ability by the off-gas is high. Therefore, the flow rate of the battery cooling water introduced into the humidifier 2 can be reduced.
[0046]
Thus, for example, when the control embodiment 5 is used, the temperature and / or humidity of the battery module 1 is detected by the third sensor 12, and the flow rate control means 9 is controlled based on the detected value, By adjusting the flow rate of the battery cooling water introduced from the module 1 into the humidifier 2, heating and humidification of the humidified reaction gas to be supplied to the battery module 1 can be performed.
[0047]
FIG. 6 is a graph showing experimental results when the off gas alone was used as the heating source / humidifying source of the reaction gas and when the off gas + battery cooling water was used. It has been found that the capacity can be significantly improved by using the battery cooling water discharged from the battery module 1 together. In this experiment, a moisture permeable membrane (Japanese paper) was used as the wet heat exchange element 6. The oxidant utilization rate was 40%, and the battery cooling water distribution ratio was 30%.
[0048]
Another feature of the present embodiment is that the wet heat exchange humidifier 2 is configured separately from the battery module 1. Conventionally, since the battery is formed integrally with the battery module, the battery becomes longer, and the whole system tends to be larger. In this embodiment, since it is a separate structure, the degree of freedom in the location of the moist heat exchange type humidifier 2 with respect to the battery module 1 is increased. By arbitrarily selecting the location of the moist heat exchange type humidifier 2, the entire system can be reduced in size, and inspections and repairs during maintenance can be performed irrespective of the battery module 1. .
[0049]
In the above embodiment, the humidified reactant gas is described as an oxidizing gas. However, the present invention is not limited to the oxidizing gas, and the present invention can be applied to a fuel gas in a similar manner.
[0050]
【The invention's effect】
As described above, in the polymer electrolyte fuel cell system according to the present invention, according to the first aspect of the present invention, as the heating source / humidifying source of the reaction gas supplied to the fuel cell, off-gas from the battery module or Since the humidifier is equipped with a wet heat exchange type humidifier using hot water and / or hot water, it is possible to perform not only temperature and humidity exchange with off-gas but also temperature and humidity exchange with hot water, so that the reaction gas can be efficiently heated and humidified.
[0051]
According to the second aspect of the present invention, since the whole or a part of the battery cooling water discharged from the battery module is used as the hot water, an external heat source for making the hot water is not required, and the system can be downsized. , And can be appropriately and effectively used as a temperature and humidity exchange medium. Further, since the battery cooling water has a larger calorific value than the off-gas, heating and humidification to a high dew point, which cannot be achieved by the off-gas alone, can be performed.
[0052]
According to the third aspect of the present invention, the hot water for a wet heat exchange type humidifier branches to a battery cooling water main circuit and a battery cooling water humidification circuit near a cooling water outlet of the battery module, and a flow control means is provided at this branch point. Since the dew point (temperature / humidity) of the reaction gas supplied to the battery module is controlled by adjusting the flow rate to the battery cooling water humidification circuit, the action as a temperature / humidity exchange medium can be appropriately adjusted. . Further, the ratio of the battery cooling water flowing to the wet heat exchange humidifier can be arbitrarily changed within a range of 0 to 100% of the battery cooling water main circuit.
[0053]
According to the invention of claim 4, in the wet heat exchange type humidifier, since the off-gas flow path and the battery cooling water humidification flow path are disposed adjacent to each other with the reaction gas flow path interposed therebetween, the humidifier is simultaneously operated from both flow paths. Can be humidified.
[0054]
According to the invention of claim 5, since the reaction gas is arranged so as to be further humidified by the humidification part by the battery cooling water after passing through the humidification part by the off gas,
By reheating and humidifying the reaction gas humidified to a value uniquely determined with respect to the dew point of the off-gas with battery cooling water, optimal humidification control according to the state of the battery module becomes possible.
[0055]
According to the invention of claim 6, since the reaction gas and the off-gas are opposed to each other across the wet heat exchange element in the wet heat exchange humidifier, the temperature and humidity exchange by the off gas is performed more efficiently than in the case of the parallel flow. be able to.
[0056]
According to the invention of claim 7, the reaction gas and the battery cooling water face each other across the wet heat exchanging element in the wet heat exchange humidifier. Can be performed efficiently.
[0057]
According to the invention of claim 8, since the moisture heat exchange element uses a moisture permeable membrane, it is excellent in water permeability and does not pass gas in the water retention state, so that the temperature and humidity exchange can be performed smoothly. In addition, it is possible to prevent off-gas from being mixed into the reaction gas.
[0058]
According to the ninth aspect of the present invention, the wet heat exchanging element is formed of one or more kinds of materials, and is further formed of one or a plurality of materials, and thus has an optimal function as the wet heat exchanging element. The humidifier can be easily manufactured and has a function corresponding to the scale of the battery module.
[0059]
According to the tenth aspect of the present invention, since the wet heat exchanger type humidifier is separate from the battery module, the degree of freedom in arranging the wet heat exchange type humidifier with respect to the battery module is improved, and It is possible to select an optimal arrangement in consideration of the connection piping and the layout in the fuel cell system. In addition, the size of the entire system can be reduced. Further, when the humidifier is maintained or adjusted, the operation can be performed independently of the battery module, which is convenient.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a configuration block diagram showing an embodiment of a polymer electrolyte fuel cell system according to the present invention.
FIG. 2 is an explanatory diagram showing a basic configuration of a wet heat exchange humidifier in the polymer electrolyte fuel cell system according to the present invention.
FIG. 3 is an illustration of a basic configuration of a wet heat exchange humidifier in a polymer electrolyte fuel cell system according to the present invention, in which the ratio of the number of off-gas flow paths to the number of battery cooling water humidification paths is changed FIG.
FIG. 4 shows another configuration example of the wet heat exchange humidifier in the polymer electrolyte fuel cell system according to the present invention. (A) and (b) are explanatory diagrams showing an integrated type in which an off-gas flow path and a battery cooling water humidifying flow path are connected or laminated, and (c) is a separate type.
FIG. 5 shows the flow direction of the reaction gas of the wet heat exchange humidifier and the off-gas or battery cooling water in the polymer electrolyte fuel cell system according to the present invention. (b) is an explanatory diagram showing a case of parallel flow, and (c) is an explanatory diagram showing a case of cross flow.
FIG. 6 is a graph showing experimental results when a solid polymer fuel cell system according to the present invention uses only off-gas as a heating source / humidifying source of a reaction gas and a case where off-gas + cell cooling water is used. is there.
FIG. 7 is an explanatory diagram showing a positional relationship between a wet heat exchange humidifier and a battery module in the polymer electrolyte fuel cell system according to the present invention.
FIG. 8 is a configuration block diagram showing a temperature and humidity exchange unit in a conventional polymer electrolyte fuel cell system example.
[Explanation of symbols]
1. Battery module
2 ... Humidifier with heat exchange
3: Off-gas flow path
4: Reaction gas flow path
5. Battery cooling water humidification channel
6… Moisture heat exchange element
7. Battery cooling water main circuit
8 Battery humidification circuit
9 ... Flow control means
10 First sensor
11 Second sensor
12: Third sensor

Claims (10)

燃料電池に供給される反応ガスの加熱源・加湿源として、電池モジュールからのオフガス又は/及び温水を使用する湿熱交換型加湿器を備えることを特徴とする固体高分子形燃料電池システム。A polymer electrolyte fuel cell system comprising: a heat-humidifying heat exchange type humidifier using off-gas from a battery module and / or hot water as a heating source / humidifying source of a reaction gas supplied to a fuel cell. 前記温水には電池モジュールから排出された電池冷却水の全量又はその一部を使用することを特徴とする請求項1記載の固体高分子形燃料電池システム。2. The polymer electrolyte fuel cell system according to claim 1, wherein the whole or a part of the battery cooling water discharged from the battery module is used as the hot water. 前記電池冷却水は、電池モジュールの冷却水出口付近で電池冷却水主回路と電池冷却水加湿回路に分岐し、この分岐箇所には流量制御手段を設け、前記電池冷却水加湿回路への流量を調整することにより電池モジュールへ供給する反応ガスの露点(温度・湿度)を制御することを特徴とする請求項2記載の固体高分子形燃料電池システム。The battery cooling water branches into a battery cooling water main circuit and a battery cooling water humidification circuit near the cooling water outlet of the battery module, and a flow control unit is provided at this branch point to control the flow rate to the battery cooling water humidification circuit. 3. The polymer electrolyte fuel cell system according to claim 2, wherein the dew point (temperature / humidity) of the reaction gas supplied to the battery module is controlled by adjusting the temperature. 前記湿熱交換型加湿器は、オフガス流路と電池冷却水加湿流路が、反応ガス流路を挟んで隣り合って配置されていることを特徴とする請求項2又は請求項3記載の固体高分子形燃料電池システム。The solid heat exchanger according to claim 2 or 3, wherein in the wet heat exchange humidifier, an off-gas flow path and a battery cooling water humidification flow path are arranged adjacent to each other across a reaction gas flow path. Molecular fuel cell system. 前記反応ガスがオフガスによる加湿部分を通過した後、電池冷却水による加湿部分で更に加湿されるように配置されていることを特徴とする請求項2乃至請求項4いずれか1項記載の固体高分子形燃料電池システム。The solid height according to any one of claims 2 to 4, wherein the reaction gas is arranged so as to be further humidified by a humidification portion of the battery cooling water after passing through the humidification portion by the off gas. Molecular fuel cell system. 前記湿熱交換型加湿器内では湿熱交換用素子を挟んで反応ガスとオフガスが対向していることを特徴とする請求項1乃至請求項5いずれか1項記載の固体高分子形燃料電池システム。The polymer electrolyte fuel cell system according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein a reaction gas and an off-gas are opposed to each other across the wet heat exchange element in the wet heat exchange humidifier. 前記湿熱交換型加湿器内では湿熱交換用素子を挟んで反応ガスと電池冷却水が対向していることを特徴とする請求項2乃至請求項6いずれか1項記載の固体高分子形燃料電池システム。The polymer electrolyte fuel cell according to any one of claims 2 to 6, wherein the reaction gas and the battery cooling water face each other across the wet heat exchange element in the wet heat exchange humidifier. system. 前記湿熱交換用素子には透湿膜を用いることを特徴とする請求項6又は請求項7記載の固体高分子形燃料電池システム。The polymer electrolyte fuel cell system according to claim 6 or 7, wherein a moisture permeable membrane is used for the wet heat exchange element. 前記湿熱交換用素子は、1種類又は複数種類の材料から形成され、更に1枚又は複数枚から形成されていることを特徴とする請求項6乃至請求項8いずれか1項記載の固体高分子形燃料電池システム。The solid polymer according to any one of claims 6 to 8, wherein the wet heat exchange element is formed of one or more kinds of materials, and further formed of one or more sheets. Fuel cell system. 前記湿熱交換型加湿器は電池モジュールとは別体であることを特徴とする請求項1乃至請求項9いずれか1項記載の固体高分子形燃料電池システム。The polymer electrolyte fuel cell system according to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein the wet heat exchange humidifier is separate from a battery module.
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