JP2004008927A

JP2004008927A - Solid-liquid separation tank having filter bed and sewage cleaning tank equipped therewith

Info

Publication number: JP2004008927A
Application number: JP2002165778A
Authority: JP
Inventors: Nobuyoshi Katagai; 片貝　信義; Hiroshi Yamashita; 山下　宏; Yuji Koizumi; 小泉　裕二; Atsushi Hibino; 日比野　淳
Original assignee: Housetec Inc
Current assignee: Housetec Inc
Priority date: 2002-06-06
Filing date: 2002-06-06
Publication date: 2004-01-15
Anticipated expiration: 2022-06-06
Also published as: JP4509460B2

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a solid-liquid separation tank (or an anaerobic treatment tank) having a simple structure and a high solid-liquid separation capacity, and to incorporate the solid-liquid separation tank into a sewage cleaning tank to stably perform the cleaning of sewage. <P>SOLUTION: The solid-liquid separation tank (or the anaerobic treatment tank) is equipped with a first chamber 11 having a sewage inflow port 14 and a flow rate adjusting part making a liquid level variable between the highest and lowest water levels and a second chamber 12 arranged/housed in the first chamber 11, having the opening part 15 communicating with the first chamber 11 provided at the bottom part thereof and having a transfer pump suction port 18 at the lowest water level. A filter bed is formed in the second chamber 12. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2004,JPO

Description

【０００１】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、固液分離槽及びこれを嫌気処理槽として組み込んだ汚水浄化槽に関する。更に詳しくは、屎尿、その他の生活排水、又はこれらの合併汚水（以下、汚水ともいう）を物理的及び生物化学的に浄化処理する汚水浄化槽と、その汚水浄化槽に好適に組み込まれる固液分離槽（又は嫌気処理槽）に関する。
【０００２】
【従来の技術】
家庭等に設置される汚水浄化槽は、従来から種々知られている。図８は、嫌気濾床接触曝気方式又は沈殿分離接触曝気方式と呼ばれる従来の汚水浄化槽の一つで、上流側から、嫌気濾床槽第一室（沈殿分離槽第一室）５１、嫌気濾床槽第二室（沈殿分離槽第二室）５２、接触曝気槽５３、沈殿槽５４及び消毒槽５５が配置されている。槽内の嫌気濾床槽第一室５１及び嫌気濾床槽第二室５２には、短時間における汚水の多量流入を緩和するため、流量変動吸収部（流量調整部）５６を設け、嫌気濾床槽第二室５２から移流管５７に入った移流液を流量調整ポンプ５８を介して後段の接触曝気槽５３へ定量供給している（特開平４―３６７７９３号公報）。
【０００３】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
本発明は、このような汚水浄化槽における嫌気濾床槽第一室及び嫌気濾床槽第二室よりも構造が単純で、更に固液分離性能の高い固液分離槽（又は嫌気処理槽）を提供すること、またこの固液分離槽（又は嫌気処理槽）を汚水浄化槽へ組み込むことによって、従来よりも安定に汚水を浄化処理できる汚水浄化槽を提供することを課題とする。
【０００４】
【課題を解決するための手段】
上記課題を達成するため、本発明では次の構成をとった。
すなわち、本発明は、汚水流入口１４を有して、液水準が最高水位と最低水位との間で変動可能な「流量調整部」を有する第一室（第一の固液分離室）１１と、
前記第一室１１の中に配置（収容）され、底部には前記第一室１１に連通する開口部１５を有し、前記最低水位には移送ポンプ吸込口１８が設けられている第二室（第二の固液分離室）１２とを備える固液分離槽（又は嫌気処理槽）であって、
前記第二室１２には、濾床が形成されている固液分離槽１０である。
【０００５】
ここで、上記濾床には、流入する浮遊性固形物（汚泥、ＳＳ、ともいう）やその濾床から剥離する浮遊性固形物を下方の第一室へ落下させるための通路（ＳＳが通過できる程度の隙間）を設けることが好ましい。
【０００６】
また、上記濾床は、常時、液中に浸るように、好ましくは、最低水位よりも下方に形成させる。
【０００７】
本発明は、また、前記した固液分離槽１０を備える汚水浄化槽にも関する。
【０００８】
【作用】
第二室１２には、濾床が形成されているので、この濾床を棲み家として嫌気的微生物が増殖し、汚水の嫌気的生物分解が向上する。
また、第二室１２の濾床に浮遊性固形物が通過できる程度の隙間（通路）を設ければ、増殖・蓄積した浮遊性固形物は下方の第一室へ落下するので、その浮遊性固形物による濾床の閉塞（閉塞が起こると、短絡流等が生じて後段へ悪影響を及ぼす）は起こりにくい。
【０００９】
【発明の実施の形態】
以下、図面を参照して、本発明を更に具体的に説明する。
図１は、本発明の嫌気処理槽の一例で、第一室１１の中に第二室１２を配置・収容する形式の槽である。第二室１２の底部には第一室１１に連通する開口部１５が設けられていて、第一室１１と第二室１２とは連通している。また、第二室１２には、微生物を付着させる濾床を形成している。更に、第二室１２には、この第二室１２内のＬ．Ｗ．Ｌの水準から室内水を揚水する移送ポンプ１３（その吸い込み口１８）が備えられている。なお、嫌気処理槽１０又は第一室１１の全体形状は、平面視で略四角形状（箱型）に代えて、円形や楕円形等にすることもできるが、単純さから略四角形状が好ましい。
【００１０】
第一室１１には汚水流入管（垂下管）１９が汚水流入口１４から槽内に延びるように設けられていて、その下端は液が浸かるようにＬ．Ｗ．Ｌよりも下方に配置され、更に、汚水流入管１９の下端開口部の向きは汚水流入口１４がある壁側の方向である。流入汚水の撹乱によって第一室１１の底部に沈殿している汚泥（若しくは固形物）をできるだけ乱さないためである。なおこの際、下端の開口の向きを垂直方向とすることもできる。この場合には汚水流入管１９下端の下方にほぼ水平方向に邪魔板（水流抑止板）を設けるとよい。汚水流入管１９を設けず、代わりに底部が開放された水流抑止部（小室）等を汚水流入口１４付近の壁に取り付け、この水流抑止部内に汚水を流入させることもできる。
【００１１】
第二室１２は、汚水流入口１４がある壁と反対の壁近くの一画に、全幅（図１（ａ）に示した槽の上下幅いっぱい）に亘って２枚の下部に傾斜のついた仕切壁１６，１７を架け渡している。この仕切壁１６、１７は、必ずしも対向する槽壁間の全幅に亘って架け渡さなくてもよい。第二室１２の底部、すなわち、２枚の仕切壁１６及び１７の間には、図示するように、第一室１１に連通するように開口部１５が対向する槽壁間の全幅に渡って設けられている。開口部１５の隙間（Ｌ）は、第一室１１から第二室１２へ流入する液の速度を抑制させるため、あるいは第二室１２内で沈殿した汚泥（若しくは固形物）を第一室１１に落下させるため等の理由から、概ね５０〜１５０ｍｍが好ましい。仕切壁１６、１７の下部の傾斜角度は第二室１２内で沈殿した汚泥が第一室１１へ落下しやすいように３０〜７０度が好ましい。また、汚水流入口１４側の仕切壁１７の下部先端は、仕切壁１６の下部先端よりも下方に位置させ、水平方向では仕切壁１６の下部先端よりも汚水流入口１４へ遠い方向に突出させることが好ましい。
【００１２】
第一室１１と第二室１２との位置関係は、第二室１２を第一室１１の中に偏在させて配置することが好ましく、更には汚水流入口１４がある第一室の槽壁から奥行き（図１では左右の幅）の半分（１／２）以上の距離を出口側に配置させることが好ましい。このように汚水流入口１４（又は汚水流入管１９）からの距離を保つことによって、流れ込む汚水の勢い弱められ、汚水中の固形物の分離が良好となり、その後に、第二室１２に入るようになる。
【００１３】
第二室１２内には、嫌気処理又は通性嫌気処理等の生物処理を行わせる濾床を形成させている。そして、この濾床には、過剰に付着又は浮遊した微生物塊（この場合、汚泥ともいう）が室底部の開口部１５へ向かって通過できる程度の隙間を設けることが好ましい。濾床を形成する濾材４２としては、ヘチマ様、波板状、多孔質状等の板状部材、蜂の巣状（ハニカムコア）等の部材が好ましく用いられる。骨格球状、網様円筒状等の部材も用いることができる。
【００１４】
図２の例は、隙間を有して垂直に、並行に配置されたヘチマ様板状部材から成る濾材４２の場合を示している。
また、図３の例は、傾斜を持たせて配置されたヘチマ様板状部材から成る濾材４２の場合を示している。
また、図４の例は、蜂の巣状（ハニカムコア）の部材から成る濾材４２の場合を示している。
【００１５】
上記濾床（または濾材）の上端は、第二室１２の最低水位の位置より下方にすることが好ましい。最低水位の位置より上側にすることもできるが、この場合、濾材４２の一部が水面下になったり、露出したりを繰り返すことになるので、汚泥付着の安定性に影響を及ぼす。また、濾床（または濾材）の下端は、板状部材の場合には開口部１５付近まで、存在させることが好ましい（図２、図３参照）。蜂の巣状（ハニカムコア）、骨格球状、網様円筒状等のような場合には、仕切壁１６，１７の垂直部と傾斜部との境目付近まで存在させることが好ましい（図４参照）。
【００１６】
第二室１２内の移送ポンプ吸込み口１８はＬ．Ｗ．Ｌの位置に設ける。そうすると、嫌気処理槽１０の水位は、汚水の流入量が移送ポンプ１３の送液量よりも多いか少ないかによってＬ．Ｗ．ＬとＨ．Ｗ．Ｌとの間を変動する。
【００１７】
第二室１２に設ける移送ポンプ１３（図１ではエアリフトポンプ式）は、エアリフトポンプ式に代えて、密閉容器の空気圧送による間欠定量ポンプ又は電動ポンプ等を用いることもできる。この際、壁等に付着した汚泥が剥離して流れ込むのを防止するため、吸込み口１８に邪魔板等を設けることもできる（図示は省略）。
【００１８】
第一室１１と第二室１２とからなる嫌気処理槽１０では、汚水中に含まれる固形物を効果的に分離でき、且つ嫌気処理も行うことができ、後段の処理槽での負荷を低減させる。そのため、汚水浄化槽にこの嫌気処理槽１０を組み込めば、汚水浄化槽の処理性能は更に向上する。
【００１９】
なお、第二室１２は第一室１１の中ではなく、第一室１１の横に並置させることもできる。図５は、そのような嫌気処理槽の例で、第一室１１の横に第二室１２を配置した形式であり、第一室１１と第二室１２とを仕切壁１７ａを隔て、その仕切壁１７ａの下部に開口部１５を設けた例である。但し、嫌気処理槽１０を汚水浄化槽に組み込み全体としてコンパクトな汚水浄化槽とするためには、図１に示すような、第二室１２を第一室１１の内に配置させる形式が好ましい。
【００２０】
図６は、上記嫌気処理槽を組み込んだ汚水浄化槽の一例である。
汚水浄化槽は、槽内に第一室１１と第二室１２からなる嫌気処理槽を備え、この嫌気処理槽の後流に、（好気的）生物反応室３１及び濾過室３２を並置させた好気処理槽３０並びに消毒槽３３とを備えている。
【００２１】
嫌気処理槽については、上述した通りであるので説明は省略する。
好気処理槽３０を構成する（好気的）生物反応室３１には、底部から曝気するための反応用散気部材（散気管）３４を配置し、ブロワ３５からの空気を吐出させる。また、生物反応室３１には担体（微生物担体、微生物付着材、接触材）を充填させた生物反応床３１ａが形成されており、生物反応床３１ａで汚水を好気処理する。ここで生物反応床３１ａは流動床でも固定床でもよい。微生物担体の形状は、板状、網板状、ヘチマ状、多孔質状、筒状、棒状、骨格球状、紐状、更には粒状、不定形な塊状、立方体状、繊維塊状等の種々の形状に加工したものを用いることができる。また、その基材としては、例えばポリ塩化ビニル、ポリエステル、ポリ塩化ビニリデン、ポリビニルフォルマール、ポリウレタン、メラミン樹脂等の合成樹脂製加工物、セラミックス、珪砂等の無機製加工物、アンスラサイト等の化石加工物、活性炭等で、比重約１又は１以上のもの、ポリエチレン、ポリプロピレン等のポリオレフィン系樹脂、ポリスチレン等の比重約１又は１以下のもののいずれも用いることができる。
【００２２】
濾過室３２には、濾材が充填された濾過床３２ａが形成されていて、流れ込む液中のＳＳをそこで捕捉する。充填される濾材としては、液中で浮上するものを用いることができるが、好ましくは沈降性濾材である。沈降性濾材には、例えば、ポリ塩化ビニル、ポリエステル、ポリ塩化ビニリデン、ポリビニルフォルマール、ポリウレタン、メラミン樹脂等の合成樹脂製加工物、セラミックス、珪砂等の無機製加工物、アンスラサイト等の化石加工物、活性炭等の、比重約１又は１以上のもの、又はポリエチレン、ポリプロピレン等のポリオレフィン系樹脂、ポリスチレン等に充填剤を添加して比重約１又は１以上に調整したものがあり、これを粒状、塊状、筒状、網状、棒状、繊維塊状等、更には多孔質状等に成形、加工したものでもよい。
また、濾過室３２の底部には濾過床３２ａを逆洗するための洗浄用散気部材（散気管）３６が配され、これは空気を供給するブロワ３５に接続されている。
【００２３】
運転を続けると、濾過床３２ａは蓄積したＳＳで目詰まりするので、濾過床３２ａを定期的又は適宜に（逆）洗浄して除く。この洗浄は、ブロワ３５の空気を洗浄用散気部材３６から吐出させ、濾過床３２ａをバブリングするとともに、ブロワ３５の空気の一部を洗浄排水引抜きポンプ（エアリフトポンプ）３７にも供給する。剥離したＳＳは槽内液とともに洗浄排水となって濾過床３２ａを下降し、洗浄排水引抜きポンプ３７によって洗浄排水排出管３７ａを経て、嫌気処理槽第一室１１の汚水導入管１９へ戻る。槽内液の全てを洗浄排水として濾過室３２の底部から引き抜くことができるので、濾過床３２ａの洗浄は良好に行われる。なお、洗浄排水引抜きポンプ３７には電動ポンプ等を用いることもできる。濾過床３２ａの洗浄は、嫌気処理槽（１１，１２）の水位がＬ．Ｗ．Ｌのとき（すなわち、深夜、または汚水の流入がないとき）行うことが好ましい。一般家庭では、通常、深夜は汚水が排出されることが少なく、嫌気処理槽（１１，１２）はＬ．Ｗ．Ｌになるからである。
【００２４】
消毒槽３３は、濾過室３２からの移流液を薬筒３８と接触させて消毒又は殺菌させる槽である。汚水浄化槽は、各槽の点検清掃等の維持管理が行えるようにマンホールを設け、通常マンホールカバー３９を取り付けている。
【００２５】
図７は、本発明に係る他の例の汚水浄化槽である。図６の汚水浄化槽と異なる点は、生物反応室３１と濾過室３２との間に移流管４１が設けられている点であり、好気的に生物分解を受けた処理液がこの移流管４１を上向きに流れ、その後、濾過室３２へ入る。移流管４１は上端が開放され下端が閉じている管状のものであり、洗浄排水引抜きポンプ３７を覆うように形成されている。このような構造とすることで、微生物担体の流動性が洗浄排水引抜きポンプ３７によって妨害されるのを防ぐことができる。また、移流管４１の下端部には生物反応床３１ａ内の微生物担体が流れ込まないように通水性板状部材を配置している。また、図７では、移流管４１内に生物反応室３１の処理液を洗浄排水排出管３７ａを介して第一室１１に移送する循環水移送ポンプ４３も配置している。
【００２６】
なお、図６及び図７では、生物反応室３１と濾過室３２とはそれぞれ横並びに並置させたが、これは、上下２層の構造、すなわち、生物反応室３１を上に配し、その下に濾過室３２を配置させることもできる。この場合には、移流液の流れ方向は、通常、生物反応室３１から濾過室３２へと向かう下向流となる。
【００２７】
次に、汚水浄化槽における汚水の処理を説明する。汚水（原水）は汚水流入口１４から汚水流入管１９を経て第一室１１に入り、固形物の沈殿分離が行われる。第一室１１では、沈降した汚泥（固形物）の濃縮貯留が槽底部で行われ、嫌気化して発生したスカムの貯留が槽上部で行われる。第一室１１からの移流液は、開口部１５から第二室１２に入り、更なる固形物の沈殿分離および濾床による有機物の嫌気的生物分解が行われる。第二室１２からの移流液の移流は、移送ポンプ１３で行い、この際、移流液をＬ．Ｗ．Ｌの吸込み口１８より揚水させ、移送ポンプ１３の上部から所定量（ほぼ一定量）を生物反応室３１に移流させる。このとき、流入する原水量が移送ポンプ１３の移送量よりも多い場合には、嫌気処理槽１１，１２の水位はＬ．Ｗ．ＬからＨ．Ｗ．Ｌへと上昇するが、嫌気処理槽（流量調整部）の容量はＨ．Ｗ．Ｌを越えないように設計されているので、通常、上記水位はＨ．Ｗ．Ｌを越えて上昇しない。
【００２８】
生物反応室３１では、嫌気処理槽１０からの移流液中の有機物を好気的に生物分解させる。この際、ほぼ一定量の移流液が負荷されるので安定した処理が行われる。生物反応室３１からの移流液は、次に濾過室３２に入り、移流液に含まれるＳＳの捕捉・除去が行われ、場合によっては生物反応室３１から持ち込まれる溶存酸素によって更に好気的生物処理が行われる。濾過室３２を経た移流液は、消毒槽３３に入り消毒された後、処理水として放流口４０から放流される。
【００２９】
【発明の効果】
本発明の固液分離槽（すなわち、嫌気処理槽）では、上述したように、第一室と濾床を有する第二室の両室によって、流入した汚水（原水）に含まれる固形物を効果的に沈降分離させ、また有機物の嫌気的分解を良好に行わせることができる。更には流量調整も可能である。
本発明の汚水浄化槽は、従来の嫌気濾床接触曝気方式（又は沈殿分離接触曝気方式）の汚水浄化槽よりも汚水を安定に処理できる。また、固液分離槽の構造が簡単であり、したがって維持管理も容易である。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図１】本発明の嫌気処理槽の一例で、（ａ）は概略平面図、（ｂ）は（ａ）のＡ―Ａ矢視における概略縦断面図。
【図２】図１のＢ−Ｂ矢視における概略縦断面図で、濾材が垂直に配置される一例。
【図３】図１のＢ−Ｂ矢視における別の概略縦断面図で、濾材が傾斜を有して配置される一例。
【図４】本発明の嫌気処理槽の他の例で、（ａ）は概略平面図、（ｂ）は（ａ）のＣ―Ｃ矢視における概略縦断面図。
【図５】本発明の嫌気処理槽の他の例で、（ａ）は概略平面図、（ｂ）は（ａ）のＤ―Ｄ矢視における概略縦断面図。
【図６】本発明の汚水浄化槽の一例で、（ａ）は概略平面図、（ｂ）は（ａ）のＥ−Ｅ矢視における概略縦断面図。
【図７】本発明の汚水浄化槽の他の例で、（ａ）は概略平面図、（ｂ）は（ａ）のＦ−Ｆ矢視における概略縦断面図。
【図８】従来例の汚水浄化槽の概略縦断面図。
【符号の説明】
１０：固液分離槽（嫌気処理槽）
１１：第一室（第一の固液分離室；嫌気処理槽第一室）
１２：第二室（第二の固液分離室；嫌気処理槽第二室）
１３：移送ポンプ（エアリフトポンプ）
１４：汚水流入口　　１５：開口部　　１６：（下部傾斜の）仕切壁
１７：（下部傾斜の）仕切壁　　１７ａ：仕切壁
１８：吸込み口　１９：汚水流入管（垂下管）
３０：好気処理槽（３１＋３２）
３１：（好気的）生物反応室　　３１ａ：生物反応床
３２：濾過室　　　３２ａ：濾過床　　３３：消毒槽
３４：反応用散気部材（散気管）　　３５：ブロワ
３６：洗浄用散気部材（散気管）
３７：洗浄排水引抜きポンプ（エアリフトポンプ）
３７ａ：洗浄排水排出管　　３８：薬筒
３９：マンホールカバー　　４０：放流口　　４１：移流管
４２：濾材　　　　４３：循環水移送ポンプ
５１：嫌気濾床槽第一室（又は沈殿分離槽第一室）
５２：嫌気濾床槽第二室（又は沈殿分離槽第二室）
５３：接触曝気槽　　５４：沈殿槽
５５：消毒槽　　５６：流量変動吸収部（流量調整部）
５７：移流管　　　５８：流量調整ポンプ[0001]
TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a solid-liquid separation tank and a sewage purification tank incorporating the same as an anaerobic treatment tank. More specifically, a sewage purification tank for physically and biochemically purifying human waste and other domestic wastewater or a combined wastewater thereof (hereinafter also referred to as sewage), and a solid-liquid separation tank suitably incorporated in the sewage purification tank (Or anaerobic treatment tank).
[0002]
[Prior art]
BACKGROUND ART Various types of sewage purification tanks installed in homes and the like have been conventionally known. FIG. 8 shows one of conventional sewage purification tanks called an anaerobic filter bed contact aeration system or a sedimentation separation contact aeration system. From the upstream side, an anaerobic filter tank first chamber (sedimentation separation tank first chamber) 51, an anaerobic filter A floor tank second chamber (sedimentation separation tank second chamber) 52, a contact aeration tank 53, a sedimentation tank 54, and a disinfection tank 55 are arranged. The anaerobic filter bed first chamber 51 and the anaerobic filter tank second chamber 52 in the tank are provided with a flow rate fluctuation absorbing section (flow rate adjusting section) 56 to alleviate a large amount of wastewater flowing in a short time. The advection liquid entering the advection tube 57 from the floor tank second chamber 52 is supplied quantitatively to a contact aeration tank 53 at the subsequent stage via a flow rate adjustment pump 58 (Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 4-36793).
[0003]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
The present invention provides a solid-liquid separation tank (or anaerobic treatment tank) having a simpler structure than the first anaerobic filter tank and the second anaerobic filter tank in such a sewage purification tank, and having a higher solid-liquid separation performance. An object of the present invention is to provide a sewage purification tank capable of purifying sewage more stably than before by incorporating the solid-liquid separation tank (or anaerobic treatment tank) into the sewage purification tank.
[0004]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention has the following configuration.
That is, in the present invention, the first chamber (first solid-liquid separation chamber) 11 having the sewage inlet 14 and having the "flow rate adjusting unit" in which the liquid level can be changed between the highest water level and the lowest water level. When,
A second chamber which is disposed (accommodated) in the first chamber 11 and has an opening 15 communicating with the first chamber 11 at the bottom and a transfer pump suction port 18 at the lowest water level. (Second solid-liquid separation chamber) 12 and a solid-liquid separation tank (or an anaerobic treatment tank),
The second chamber 12 is a solid-liquid separation tank 10 in which a filter bed is formed.
[0005]
Here, in the filter bed, there is a passage (SS through which a floating solid matter (also referred to as sludge, SS)) or a floating solid matter separated from the filter bed is dropped to the first chamber below. It is preferable to provide a gap as small as possible.
[0006]
The filter bed is preferably formed below the minimum water level so as to be constantly immersed in the liquid.
[0007]
The present invention also relates to a sewage purification tank including the solid-liquid separation tank 10 described above.
[0008]
[Action]
Since a filter bed is formed in the second chamber 12, anaerobic microorganisms proliferate in the filter bed, and anaerobic biodegradation of sewage is improved.
Also, if a gap (passage) is provided in the filter bed of the second chamber 12 such that the suspended solids can pass through, the suspended solids that have multiplied and accumulated fall down to the first chamber below. Blockage of the filter bed by solid matter (when blockage occurs, short-circuit flow or the like adversely affects the subsequent stage) hardly occurs.
[0009]
BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
Hereinafter, the present invention will be described more specifically with reference to the drawings.
FIG. 1 is an example of an anaerobic treatment tank of the present invention, which is a tank of a type in which a second chamber 12 is disposed and accommodated in a first chamber 11. An opening 15 communicating with the first chamber 11 is provided at the bottom of the second chamber 12, and the first chamber 11 and the second chamber 12 communicate with each other. In the second chamber 12, a filter bed for adhering microorganisms is formed. Further, the second chamber 12 has an L.F. W. A transfer pump 13 (its suction port 18) for pumping room water from the level L is provided. In addition, the whole shape of the anaerobic treatment tank 10 or the first chamber 11 may be circular or elliptical in plan view, instead of a substantially square shape (box shape) in plan view, but is preferably a substantially square shape from the simplicity. .
[0010]
A sewage inflow pipe (hanging pipe) 19 is provided in the first chamber 11 so as to extend from the sewage inflow port 14 into the tank. W. L, and the direction of the lower end opening of the sewage inflow pipe 19 is the direction of the wall on which the sewage inlet 14 is located. This is because the sludge (or solid matter) settled at the bottom of the first chamber 11 due to the disturbance of the inflowing wastewater is not disturbed as much as possible. At this time, the direction of the opening at the lower end may be the vertical direction. In this case, a baffle (water flow suppression plate) may be provided substantially horizontally below the lower end of the sewage inflow pipe 19. Instead of providing the sewage inflow pipe 19, a water flow suppression part (small chamber) or the like having an open bottom can be attached to a wall near the sewage inflow port 14, and sewage can flow into the water flow suppression part.
[0011]
The second chamber 12 has two slopes at two lower portions over the entire width (full width of the tank shown in FIG. 1 (a)) in a portion near the wall opposite to the wall where the sewage inlet 14 is located. Partition walls 16 and 17 are spanned. The partition walls 16 and 17 need not necessarily span over the entire width between the opposing tank walls. As shown, the bottom of the second chamber 12, that is, between the two partition walls 16 and 17, spans the entire width between the tank walls where the opening 15 faces to communicate with the first chamber 11. Is provided. The gap (L) of the opening 15 is used to suppress the speed of the liquid flowing from the first chamber 11 to the second chamber 12 or to allow the sludge (or solid matter) settled in the second chamber 12 to pass through the first chamber 11. For example, it is preferable that the distance be 50 to 150 mm. The inclination angle of the lower part of the partition walls 16 and 17 is preferably 30 to 70 degrees so that the sludge settled in the second chamber 12 easily falls into the first chamber 11. The lower end of the partition wall 17 on the side of the sewage inlet 14 is located below the lower end of the partition wall 16, and projects in a horizontal direction farther from the lower end of the partition wall 16 toward the sewage inlet 14. Is preferred.
[0012]
As for the positional relationship between the first chamber 11 and the second chamber 12, it is preferable that the second chamber 12 is arranged so as to be unevenly distributed in the first chamber 11, and furthermore, the tank wall of the first chamber in which the sewage inlet 14 is provided. It is preferable to arrange a distance of at least half (1/2) of the depth (the left and right width in FIG. 1) on the exit side. By keeping the distance from the sewage inlet 14 (or the sewage inflow pipe 19) in this manner, the flow of the sewage flowing into the sewage is weakened, and the solid matter in the sewage is separated well. become.
[0013]
In the second chamber 12, a filter bed for performing biological treatment such as anaerobic treatment or facultative anaerobic treatment is formed. The filter bed is preferably provided with a gap such that an excessively adhered or suspended microbial mass (also referred to as sludge in this case) can pass toward the opening 15 at the bottom of the chamber. As the filter medium 42 forming the filter bed, a plate-shaped member such as a loofah, corrugated plate, or porous member, or a member having a honeycomb shape (honeycomb core) is preferably used. Spherical skeletons, net-like cylindrical members, and the like can also be used.
[0014]
The example of FIG. 2 shows the case of a filter medium 42 composed of a loofah-like plate-like member arranged vertically and parallel with a gap.
The example of FIG. 3 shows a case of a filter medium 42 made of a loofah-like plate-like member that is arranged with an inclination.
Further, the example of FIG. 4 shows a case of the filter medium 42 formed of a honeycomb-shaped (honeycomb core) member.
[0015]
It is preferable that the upper end of the filter bed (or the filter medium) be lower than the position of the lowest water level of the second chamber 12. Although it can be higher than the position of the lowest water level, in this case, a part of the filter medium 42 repeatedly falls below the water surface or is exposed, which affects the stability of sludge adhesion. In addition, it is preferable that the lower end of the filter bed (or the filter medium) be present up to the vicinity of the opening 15 in the case of a plate-like member (see FIGS. 2 and 3). In the case of a honeycomb shape (honeycomb core), a skeleton sphere, a net-like cylindrical shape, or the like, it is preferable that the partition walls 16 and 17 be present near the boundary between the vertical portion and the inclined portion (see FIG. 4).
[0016]
The transfer pump suction port 18 in the second chamber 12 has an L.P. W. It is provided at the position of L. Then, the water level of the anaerobic treatment tank 10 depends on whether the inflow of the sewage is larger or smaller than the amount of liquid sent by the transfer pump 13. W. L and H. W. L.
[0017]
The transfer pump 13 (air lift pump type in FIG. 1) provided in the second chamber 12 may be replaced with an air lift pump type, and an intermittent fixed amount pump or an electric pump or the like by air pressure feeding of a closed container may be used. At this time, a baffle plate or the like may be provided at the suction port 18 in order to prevent the sludge attached to the wall or the like from peeling and flowing.
[0018]
In the anaerobic treatment tank 10 composed of the first chamber 11 and the second chamber 12, solid substances contained in the sewage can be effectively separated and anaerobic treatment can be performed, and the load in the subsequent treatment tank is reduced. Let it. Therefore, if the anaerobic treatment tank 10 is incorporated in the sewage purification tank, the processing performance of the sewage purification tank is further improved.
[0019]
Note that the second chamber 12 can be juxtaposed beside the first chamber 11 instead of in the first chamber 11. FIG. 5 is an example of such an anaerobic treatment tank, in which the second chamber 12 is arranged beside the first chamber 11, and the first chamber 11 and the second chamber 12 are separated by a partition wall 17a. This is an example in which an opening 15 is provided below the partition wall 17a. However, in order to incorporate the anaerobic treatment tank 10 into the sewage purification tank and to make the sewage purification tank compact as a whole, a type in which the second chamber 12 is disposed in the first chamber 11 as shown in FIG. 1 is preferable.
[0020]
FIG. 6 is an example of a sewage purification tank incorporating the anaerobic treatment tank.
The sewage purification tank has an anaerobic treatment tank including a first chamber 11 and a second chamber 12 in the tank, and a (aerobic) biological reaction chamber 31 and a filtration chamber 32 are juxtaposed downstream of the anaerobic treatment tank. An aerobic treatment tank 30 and a disinfection tank 33 are provided.
[0021]
Since the anaerobic treatment tank is as described above, the description is omitted.
In the (aerobic) biological reaction chamber 31 constituting the aerobic treatment tank 30, a reaction air diffusion member (air diffusion tube) 34 for aerating from the bottom is disposed, and the air from the blower 35 is discharged. The biological reaction chamber 31 is formed with a biological reaction bed 31a filled with a carrier (microorganism carrier, microorganism adhering material, contact material), and the biological reaction bed 31a aerobically treats wastewater. Here, the biological reaction bed 31a may be a fluidized bed or a fixed bed. Microbial carriers can be in various shapes such as plate, mesh plate, loofah, porous, cylindrical, rod, skeleton spherical, string, and even granular, irregular mass, cube, fiber mass, etc. Can be used. Examples of the base material include synthetic resin processed products such as polyvinyl chloride, polyester, polyvinylidene chloride, polyvinyl formal, polyurethane, and melamine resin; inorganic processed products such as ceramics and silica sand; and fossils such as anthracite. Any one of a processed product, activated carbon or the like having a specific gravity of about 1 or 1 or more, a polyolefin resin such as polyethylene or polypropylene, or a specific gravity of about 1 or less such as polystyrene can be used.
[0022]
In the filtration chamber 32, a filtration bed 32a filled with a filter medium is formed, and captures SS in the flowing liquid. As the filter medium to be filled, a filter medium floating in the liquid can be used, but a sedimentable filter medium is preferable. Examples of the sedimentable filter medium include synthetic resin products such as polyvinyl chloride, polyester, polyvinylidene chloride, polyvinyl formal, polyurethane, and melamine resin; inorganic products such as ceramics and silica sand; and fossil processes such as anthracite. , Activated carbon, etc., specific gravity of about 1 or more, or polyolefin resin such as polyethylene, polypropylene, polystyrene, etc., and filler added to adjust the specific gravity to about 1 or 1 or more. It may be formed and processed into a lump, a cylinder, a net, a rod, a fiber lump, or the like, or a porous or the like.
Further, at the bottom of the filtration chamber 32, a cleaning air diffuser (diffuser tube) 36 for back-washing the filtration bed 32a is arranged, which is connected to a blower 35 for supplying air.
[0023]
If the operation is continued, the filtration bed 32a is clogged with the accumulated SS. Therefore, the filtration bed 32a is periodically or appropriately (reversely) washed and removed. In this cleaning, the air in the blower 35 is discharged from the cleaning air diffuser 36 to bubble the filtration bed 32a, and a part of the air in the blower 35 is also supplied to a cleaning drainage pump (air lift pump) 37. The stripped SS becomes washing drainage together with the liquid in the tank, descends down the filter bed 32a, and returns to the sewage inlet pipe 19 of the first anaerobic treatment tank 11 through the washing drainage pipe 37a by the washing drainage pump 37. Since all of the liquid in the tank can be withdrawn from the bottom of the filtration chamber 32 as washing wastewater, the filtration bed 32a is favorably washed. It should be noted that an electric pump or the like can be used as the washing drainage pump 37. The washing of the filtration bed 32a is performed when the water level of the anaerobic treatment tank (11, 12) is L.P. W. It is preferably performed at L (that is, at midnight or when there is no inflow of sewage). In general households, sewage is generally rarely discharged at midnight, and the anaerobic treatment tanks (11, 12) are L.P. W. This is because it becomes L.
[0024]
The disinfecting tank 33 is a tank for disinfecting or disinfecting the advancing liquid from the filtration chamber 32 by contact with the medicine cartridge 38. The sewage purification tank is provided with a manhole so that maintenance and management such as inspection and cleaning of each tank can be performed, and a manhole cover 39 is usually attached.
[0025]
FIG. 7 shows another example of the sewage treatment tank according to the present invention. 6 is different from the sewage treatment tank of FIG. 6 in that an advection pipe 41 is provided between the biological reaction chamber 31 and the filtration chamber 32. Flows upward, and then enters the filtration chamber 32. The advection tube 41 has a tubular shape whose upper end is open and whose lower end is closed, and is formed so as to cover the washing drainage pump 37. With such a structure, it is possible to prevent the fluidity of the microorganism carrier from being hindered by the washing drainage pump 37. At the lower end of the advection tube 41, a water-permeable plate-shaped member is arranged so that the microorganism carrier in the biological reaction bed 31a does not flow. In FIG. 7, a circulating water transfer pump 43 that transfers the treatment liquid in the biological reaction chamber 31 to the first chamber 11 via the cleaning / drainage discharge pipe 37 a is also provided in the advection pipe 41.
[0026]
6 and 7, the biological reaction chamber 31 and the filtration chamber 32 are arranged side by side, respectively. However, this is a two-layer structure, that is, the biological reaction chamber 31 is arranged on the upper side, The filtration chamber 32 can also be arranged at the bottom. In this case, the flow direction of the advection liquid is generally a downward flow from the biological reaction chamber 31 to the filtration chamber 32.
[0027]
Next, treatment of sewage in a sewage treatment tank will be described. The sewage (raw water) enters the first chamber 11 from the sewage inlet 14 through the sewage inflow pipe 19, and the sedimentation and separation of solids are performed. In the first chamber 11, the concentrated sludge (solid matter) is stored at the bottom of the tank, and the scum generated by anaerobic storage is stored at the top of the tank. The advection liquid from the first chamber 11 enters the second chamber 12 through the opening 15, and further sedimentation and separation of solid matter and anaerobic biodegradation of organic matter by a filter bed are performed. The advection of the advection liquid from the second chamber 12 is performed by the transfer pump 13, and at this time, the advection liquid is transferred to the L.P. W. Water is pumped from the suction port 18 of L, and a predetermined amount (almost constant amount) is transferred from the upper part of the transfer pump 13 to the biological reaction chamber 31. At this time, when the amount of raw water flowing in is larger than the transfer amount of the transfer pump 13, the water level of the anaerobic treatment tanks 11 and 12 becomes L.P. W. L to H. W. L, but the capacity of the anaerobic treatment tank (flow rate adjustment unit) is W. L is usually designed so as not to exceed L. W. Does not rise above L.
[0028]
In the biological reaction chamber 31, organic substances in the advection liquid from the anaerobic treatment tank 10 are aerobically biodegraded. At this time, since a substantially constant amount of advection liquid is loaded, stable processing is performed. The advection liquid from the biological reaction chamber 31 then enters the filtration chamber 32, where the SS contained in the advection liquid is captured and removed, and in some cases, the dissolved oxygen introduced from the biological reaction chamber 31 further aerobic organisms. Processing is performed. The advection liquid that has passed through the filtration chamber 32 enters the disinfection tank 33 and is disinfected, and then discharged from the discharge port 40 as treated water.
[0029]
【The invention's effect】
In the solid-liquid separation tank (that is, the anaerobic treatment tank) of the present invention, as described above, both the first chamber and the second chamber having the filter bed effectively remove the solid matter contained in the inflowing sewage (raw water). It is possible to cause sedimentation and separation, and to favorably perform anaerobic decomposition of organic substances. Further, the flow rate can be adjusted.
The sewage treatment tank of the present invention can more stably treat sewage than a conventional anaerobic filter bed contact aeration method (or a sedimentation separation contact aeration method). Further, the structure of the solid-liquid separation tank is simple, and therefore, the maintenance and management are also easy.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is an example of an anaerobic treatment tank according to the present invention, in which (a) is a schematic plan view, and (b) is a schematic longitudinal sectional view taken along the line AA of (a).
FIG. 2 is a schematic longitudinal sectional view taken along the line BB in FIG. 1, showing an example in which a filter medium is vertically arranged.
FIG. 3 is another schematic longitudinal sectional view taken along line BB of FIG. 1, showing an example in which a filter medium is arranged with an inclination.
4A and 4B show another example of the anaerobic treatment tank of the present invention, wherein FIG. 4A is a schematic plan view, and FIG. 4B is a schematic longitudinal sectional view taken along the line CC in FIG.
5A is a schematic plan view of another example of the anaerobic treatment tank of the present invention, and FIG. 5B is a schematic longitudinal sectional view taken along line DD of FIG.
6 (a) is a schematic plan view, and FIG. 6 (b) is a schematic vertical sectional view taken along the line EE in FIG. 6 (a).
7A is a schematic plan view of another example of the sewage purification tank of the present invention, and FIG. 7B is a schematic vertical sectional view taken along line FF of FIG.
FIG. 8 is a schematic vertical sectional view of a conventional sewage purification tank.
[Explanation of symbols]
10: Solid-liquid separation tank (anaerobic treatment tank)
11: first chamber (first solid-liquid separation chamber; first chamber of anaerobic treatment tank)
12: Second chamber (second solid-liquid separation chamber; anaerobic treatment tank second chamber)
13: Transfer pump (air lift pump)
14: Sewage inlet 15: Opening 16: Partition wall (slope) 17: Partition wall (slope) 17a: Partition wall 18: Suction port 19: Sewage inflow pipe (hanging pipe)
30: Aerobic treatment tank (31 + 32)
31: (Aerobic) biological reaction chamber 31a: Biological reaction bed 32: Filtration chamber 32a: Filtration bed 33: Disinfection tank 34: Reaction diffuser (diffuser tube) 35: Blower 36: Cleaning diffuser (disperser) trachea)
37: Cleaning drainage pump (air lift pump)
37a: Cleaning drainage drain pipe 38: Medicine cylinder 39: Manhole cover 40: Discharge port 41: Advection pipe 42: Filter medium 43: Circulating water transfer pump 51: Anaerobic filter bed tank first room (or sedimentation separation tank first room)
52: Anaerobic filter bed tank second room (or sedimentation separation tank second room)
53: contact aeration tank 54: sedimentation tank 55: disinfection tank 56: flow rate fluctuation absorbing section (flow rate adjusting section)
57: Advection tube 58: Flow control pump

Claims

汚水流入口を有して、液水準が最高水位と最低水位との間で変動可能な第一室と、
前記第一室の中に配置され、底部には前記第一室に連通する開口部を有し、前記最低水位には移送ポンプ吸込口が設けられている第二室とを備える固液分離槽であって、
前記第二室には、濾床が形成されている固液分離槽。A first chamber having a sewage inlet, the liquid level of which is variable between a high water level and a low water level;
A solid-liquid separation tank comprising: a second chamber disposed in the first chamber, the bottom having an opening communicating with the first chamber, and the lowest water level being provided with a transfer pump suction port. And
A solid-liquid separation tank in which a filter bed is formed in the second chamber.

第二室の濾床には、浮遊性固形物が通過できる程度に隙間がある、請求項１の固液分離槽。2. The solid-liquid separation tank according to claim 1, wherein the filter bed of the second chamber has a gap enough to allow a floating solid to pass therethrough. 3.

第二室の濾床は、最低水位よりも下方に形成されている、請求項１又は２の固液分離槽。The solid-liquid separation tank according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the filter bed of the second chamber is formed below the minimum water level.

請求項１〜３のいずれかの固液分離槽を備える汚水浄化槽。A sewage purification tank provided with the solid-liquid separation tank according to claim 1.